5) Kondo A, Kato K, Saito M et al:Prevalence of hand washing urinary incontinence in females in comparison with stress and urge incontinence. Neurourol and Urodynam 9:330-331, 1990
7) Bennes CJ, Cutner A, Cardozo LD:Bladder neck competence in women with lower urinary tract symptoms. International Urogynecology Journal 1:173, 1990
10) Tanago EA:The anatomy and Physiology of mictrition. Clin Obstet Gynecol 5:3-26, 1978
15) Landon CR, Moniz CF et al:Biomechanical properties of connective tissue in women with stress incontinence of urine. Neurourol Urodyn 8:369-370, 1989
16) DeLancey JOL:The pubovesical ligament, a separate structure from the urethral supports(‘pubourethral ligaments'). Neurourol Urodyn 8:53-61, 1989
18) DeLancey JOL:Histology of the connection between the vaginal and levator ani muscles. J Reprod Med 35:765-771, 1990
20) Gaudenz RA:A questionnaire with a new urgescore and stress score for the evaluation of female urinary incontinence. Geburtsh Frauenheilk 39:784-792, 1979
25) 石河修:排尿障害の診断と治療-女性尿失禁について-. 血尿・蛋白尿・30の大学による診断と治療シリーズ-排尿障害の診断と治療. 真興交易医学出版部, 東京, 1998, pp. 193-203
26) Crystle C D, Charme L S, Copeland W E:Q-tip test in stress urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 38:313-315, 1971
27) Bates P, Bradley W, Glen E et al:Fifth report on the standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function. Bristol:International Continence Society Committee on Standardisation of Terminology,1983
29) Ushiroyama T, Ikeda A, Ueki M:Clinical efficacy of clenbuterol and propiverine in menopausal women with urinary incontinence:improvement in quality of life. J Med 31:311-319, 2000
31) Fantl A, Cardozo LD, Ekberg J et al:Estrogen therapy in the management of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women. A meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 83:12-18, 1994
32) Ishiko O, Hirai K, Sumi T et al:Hormone replacement therapy plus pelvic floor muscle exercise for postmenopausal stress incontinence. A randomized, controlled trial. J Reprod Med 46:213-220, 2001
36) 石河 修, 荻田幸雄ほか :女性の切迫性尿失禁および腹圧性尿失禁に対する薬物治療の効果-バップフォー錠の臨床的評価. 産婦治療 75:699-705, 1997
37) 石河 修 :クリニカルカンファランス-境界領域へのチャレンジ-更年期の他科疾患. 尿失禁. 日産婦誌 52:239-243, 2000
42) Ho C:Transdermally-delivered oxybutynin (Oxytrol(R) for overactive bladder. Issues Emerg Health Technol 24:1-4, 2001