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―薬理の基本から知る―　ARBスペシャルガイド

出版社：	先端医学社
著者：	宮崎瑞夫／著
発行日：	2008-07-25
分野：	薬学 > 薬理学
ISBN：	9784884074555
電子書籍版：	2008-07-25 （第1版第1刷）

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アンジオテンシンII受容体拮抗薬（ARB）の薬理作用と治療への活かし方をわかりやすく解説。開発の歴史、ARB間の薬理学的比較、諸作用、ARBの今後などを取り上げる。

目次

―薬理の基本から知る―　ARBスペシャルガイド

―目次―

Part 1　ARBを知りつくそう
　1．ARB開発の歴史
　2．AII産生機構の多元性
　3．ARBとACE阻害薬の作用機序の違い
　4．ARB間の薬理学的比較
　5．ARBの正しい用量―臓器保護用量―
　
Part 2　ARBを使いこなそう
　1．ARBの降圧作用機序
　2．AII抑制こそ真の坑動脈硬化作用
　3．ARBの血管内腔狭窄抑制作用
　4．ARBの心臓作用
　5．ARBの坑肺性高血圧作用
　6．ARBの坑糖尿病作用

Part 3　ARBのこれから
　1．ARBの中枢作用
　2．ARBの坑癌作用
　3．組織AIIの高血圧発症機序

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

Part 1 ARBを知りつくそう

P.16 掲載の参考文献

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2) Ichihara A, Kaneshiro Y, Takemitsu T et al:Nonproteolytic activation of prorenin contributes to development of cardiac fibrosis in genetic hypertension. Hypertension 47:894-900, 2006

3) Miyazaki M, Takai S, Jin D et al:Pathological roles of angiotensin II produced by mast cell chymase and the effects of chymase inhibition in animal models. Pharmacol Ther 112:668-676, 2006

4) Smeby RR, Sen S, Bumpus FM:A naturally occurring renin inhibitor. Cir Res 21 (suppl II) :II129-II134, 1967

5) Hosoki K, Miyazaki M, Yamamoto K:Renin inhibitory effect of 2-[4- (4'-chlorophenoxy) phenoxyacetylamino]-ethylphosphorylethanolamine (PE-104) in vitro and in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 203:485-492, 1977

6) Etoh Y, Miyazaki M, Saitoh H et al:KRI-1314:an orally effective inhibitor of human renin. Jpn J Pharmacol 63:109-119, 1993

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8) Cushman DW Cheung HS, Sabo EF et al:Design of potent competitive inhibitors of angiotensin-con-verting enzyme. Carboxyalkanoyl and mercaptoalkanoyl amino acids. Biochemistry 16:5484-5491, 1977

9) Ondetti MA, Rubin B, Cushman DW:Design of specific inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme:new class of orally active antihypertensive agents. Science 196:441-444, 1977

10) Arakawa K, Bumpus FM:An Improved Synthesis of Isoleucine Angiotensin Octapeptide. J Am Chem Soc 83:728-732, 1961

11) Bumpus FM, Khairallah PA, Arakawa K et al:The relationship of structure to pressor and oxytocic actions of isoleucine angiotensin octapeptide and various analogues. Biochem Biophys Acta 46:38-44, 1961

12) Khairallah PA, Toth A, Bumpus FM:Analogs of angiotensin II. Mechanism of receptor interaction. J Med Chem 13:181-184, 1970

13) Pals DT, Masucci FD, Sipos F et al:Aspecific competitive antagonist of the vascular action of angiotensin II. Cir Res 29:664-672, 1971

14) Khosla MC, Leese RA, Maloy WL et al:Synthesis of some analogs of angiotensin II as specific antagonists of the parent hormone. J Med Chem 15:792-795, 1972

15) Dudley DT, Panek RL, Major TC et al:Subclasses of angiotensin II binding sites and their functional significance. Mol Pharmacol 38:370-377, 1990

16) Kubo K, Kohara Y, Imamiya E et al:Nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Synthesis and biological activity of benzimidazolecarboxylic acids. J Med Chem 36:2182-2195, 1993

17) Naka T, Kubo K, Inada Y et al:A new class of diacidic nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists:candesartan cilexetil. Drug Des Discov 16:95-108, 1999

P.22 掲載の参考文献

1) Miyazaki M, Kawamoto T, Okunishi H:Vascular affinity of trandolapril. Am J Hypertens 8 (10 Pt 2) :63S-67S, 1995

2) Jin D, Takai S, Yamada M et al:Possible roles of cardiac chymase after myocardial infarction in hamster hearts. Jpn J Pharmacol 86:203-214, 2001

3) 高井真司, 金徳男, 宮崎瑞夫:キマーゼの病態生理学的意識とその阻害薬の有用性, 日本薬理学会雑誌 114 (補冊1) :41-47, 1999

4) Okunishi H, Miyazaki M, Toda N:Evidence for a putatively new angiotensin II-generating enzyme in the vascular wall. J Hypertens 2:277-284, 1984

5) Miyazaki M, Takai S:Local angiotensin II-generating system in vascular tissues:the roles of chymase. Hypertens. Res 24:189-193, 2001

6) Yamamoto D, Shiota N, Takai S et al:Three-dimensional molecular modeling explains why catalytic function for angiotensin-Iis different between human and rat chymases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 242:158-163, 1998

7) Nishimoto M, Takai S, Fukumoto H et al:Increased local angiotensin II formation in aneurysmal aorta. Life Sci 71:2195-2205, 2002

8) Tsunemi K, Takai S, Nishimoto M et al:Aspecific chymase inhibitor, 2-(5-formylamino-6-oxo-2-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-1-yl)-N-[[3,4-dioxo-1-phenyl-7-(2-pyridyloxy)]-2-heptyl] acetamide (NK3201), suppresses development of abdominal aortic aneurysm in hamsters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 309:879-883, 2004

P.29 掲載の参考文献

1) Gradman AH, Schmieder RE, Lins RL et al:Aliskiren, a novel orally effective renin inhibitor, provides dose-dependent antihypertensive efficacy and placebo-like tolerability in hypertensive patients. Circulation 111 :1012-1018, 2005

2) 宮崎瑞夫:レニン-アンジオテンシン遮断薬. 循環系治療薬の作用メカニズム, 戸田昇, 安孫子保編, 南江堂, 東京, 1999, pp260-273

3) Okunishi H, Miyazaki M, Toda N:Evidence for a putatively new angiotensin II-generating enzyme in the vascular wall. J Hypertens 2:277-284, 1984

4) Urata H, Kinoshita A, Misono KS:Identification of a highly specific chymase as the major angiotensin II-forming enzyme in the human heart. J Biol Chem 265:22348-22357, 1990

5) 宮崎瑞夫:ACEとキニン系. 治療薬33:15-19, 1999

P.35 掲載の参考文献

1) 稲田義行:アンジオテンシンII受容体拮抗薬の薬理. Ther Res 20:769-773, 1999

2) Fogari R, Mugellini A, Zoppi A et al:Efficacy of losartan, valsartan, and telmisartan in patients with mild to moderate hypertension:Adouble-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Curr Ther Res 63:1-14, 2002

3) Lacourciere Y, Asmar R:Acomparison of the efficacy and duration of action of candesartan cilexetil and losartan as assessed by clinic and ambulatory blood pressure after a missed dose, in truly hyperten-sive patients:aplacebo-controlled, forced titration study. Candesartan / Losartan study investigators. Am J Hypertens 12 (12 Pt 1-2) :1181-1187, 1999

4) Andersson OK, Neldam S:The antihypertensive effect and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil, a new generation angiotensin II antagonist, in comparison with losartan. Blood Press 7:53-59:1998

P.39 掲載の参考文献

1) Schmieder RE, Martus P, Klingbeil A:Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. A meta-analysis of randomized double-blind studies. JAMA 275:1507-1513, 1996

2) The EUCLID Study Group:Randomised placebo-controlled trial of lisinopril in normotensive patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria. Lancet 349 (9068) :1787-1792, 1997

3) Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP et al:The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 329:1456-1462, 1993

4) Omata K, Kanazawa M, Sato T et al:Therapeutic advantages of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in chronic renal disease. Kidney Int Suppl 55:S57-S62, 1996

5) Giatras I, Lau J, Levey AS:Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the progression of nondiabetic renal disease:ameta-analysis of randomized trials. Angiotensin. Ann, Intern Med 127:337-345, 1997

6) Iimura O, Shimamoto K, Matsuda K et al:Effects of angiotensin receptor antagonist and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on insulin sensitivity in fructose-fed hypertensive rats and essential hypertensives. Am J Hypertens 8 (4 Pt 1) :353-357, 1995

7) Miyazaki M, Wada T, Shiota N et al:Effect of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, candesartan cilexetil, on canine intima hyperplasia after balloon injury. J Hum Hypertens 13 (suppl 1) :S21-S25, 1999

8) Shibouta Y, Inada Y, Ojima M et al:Pharmacological profile of a highly potent and long-acting angio-tensin II receptor antagonist, 2-ethoxy-1-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid (CV-11974) , and its prodrug, (+/-)-1-(cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy)-ethyl 2-ethoxy-1-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxy-late (TCV-116) . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 266:114-120, 1993

9) Weinberg AJ, Zappe DH, Ramadugu R et al:Long-term safety of high-dose angiotensin receptor blocker therapy in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease. J Hypertens Suppl 24:S95-S99, 2006

10) Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB et al CHARM Investigators and Committees:Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure:the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet 362 (9386) :759-766, 2003

11) Koenig W, Lowel H, Baumert J et al:C-reactive protein modulates risk prediction based on the Framingham Score:implications for future risk assessment:results from a large cohort study in southern Germany. Circulation 109:1349-1353, 2004

12) Ridker PM, Stampfer MJ, Rifai N:Novel risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis:a comparison of Creactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, lipoprotein (a) , and standard cholesterol screening as predictors of peripheral arterial disease. JAMA 285:2481-2485, 2001

Part 2 ARBを使いこなそう

P.55 掲載の参考文献

1) Tigerstedt R, Bergmann PG:Niere und kreislauf. Skand, Arch Physiol 8:223-271, 1898

2) Goldblatt H, Lynch J, Hanzal RF et al:Studies on experimental hypertension, I:the production of persistent elevation of systolic blood pressure by means of renal ischemia. J Exp Med 59:347-379, 1934

3) Page IH:Pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. JAMA 40:451-457, 1949

4) Ondetti MA, Rubin B, Cushman DW:Design of specific inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme:new class of orally active antihypertensive agents. Science 196 (4288) :441-444, 1977

5) Erdos EG, Skidgel RA:The unusual substrate specificity and the distribution of human angiotensin I converting enzyme. Hypertension 8 (suppl I) :I34-I37, 1986

6) Takai S, Sakaguchi M, Jin D et al:Different angiotensin II -forming pathways in human and rat vascular tissues. Clin Chim Acta 305 ; 191-195, 2001

7) Chiu T, McCall DE, Price WA et al:Nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists. VII. Cellular and biochemical pharmacology of DuP 753, an orally active antihypertensive agent. J, Pharmacol Exp Ther 252:711-718, 1990

8) Miyazaki M, Okunishi H, Okamura T et al:Elevated vascular angiotensin converting enzyme in chronic two-kidney, one clip hypertension in the dog. J Hypertens 5:155-160, 1987

9) Okamura T, Miyazaki M, Inagami T et al:Vascular renin-angiotensin system in two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats. Hypertension 8:560-565, 1986

10) 宮崎瑞夫:組織レニン・アンジオテンシン系. レニン・アンジオテンシン系と高血圧, 日和田邦男, 荻原俊男, 猿田享男編, 先端医学社, 東京, 1998, pp154-164

11) Nishimoto M, Takai S, Kim S et al:Significance of chymase-dependent angiotensin II-forming pathway in the development of vascular proliferation. Circulation 104:1274-1279, 2001

12) Kirimura K, Takai S, Jin D et al:Role of chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation in regulating blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 28:457-464, 2005

P.59 掲載の参考文献

1) Chobanian AV, Haudenschild CC, Nickerson C et al:Antiatherogenic effect of captopril in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. Hypeitension 15:327-331, 1990

2) Aberg G, Ferrer P:Effects of captopril on atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 15: (suppl 5) S65-S72, 1990

3) Miyazaki M, Takai S:Antiatherosclerotic effect of alacepril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, in monkeys fed a high-cholesterol diet. Hypertens Res 22:49-54, 1999

4) Song K, Shiota N, Takai S et al:Induction of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptors in the atherosclerotic aorta of high-cholesterol fed Cynomolgus monkeys. Atherosclerosis 138:171-182, 1998

5) Miyazaki M, Sakonjo H, Takai S:Anti-atherosclerotic effects of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and an angiotensin II antagonist in Cynomolgus monkeys fed a high-cholesterol diet. Br J Pharmacol 128:523-529, 1999

6) Strawn WB, Chappell MC, Dean RH et al:Inhibition of early atherogenesis by losartan in monkeys with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 101:1586-1593, 2000

7) Miyazaki M, Takai S:Anti-atherosclerotic efficacy of olmesartan. J Hum Hypertens 16 (suppl 2) :S7-S12, 2002

8) Takai S, Jin D, Sakaguchi M et al:The regressive effect of an angiotensin II receptor blocker on formed fatty streaks in monkeys fed a high-cholesterol diet. J Hypertens 23:1879-1886, 2005

9) Takai S, Jin D, Sakaguchi M et al:Comparative effect of candesartan and amlodipine in a monkey athe-rosclerotic model. Hypertens Res 27:517-522, 2004

P.63 掲載の参考文献

1) Powell JS, Clozel JP, Muller RK et al:Inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme prevent myointimal proliferation after vascular injury. Science 245 (4914) :186-188, 1989

2) Miyazaki M, Takai S:Local angiotensin II-generating system in vascular tissues:the roles of chymase. Hypertens Res 24:189-193, 2001

3) Takai S, Sakaguchi M, Jin D et al:Different angiotensin II-forming pathways in human and rat vascular tissues. Clin Chim Acta 305 (1-2) :191-195, 2005

4) Miyazaki M, Wada T, Shiota N et al:Effect of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, candesartan cilexetil, on canine intima hyperplasia after balloon injury. J Hum Hypertens 13 (suppl 1) :S21-S25, 1999

5) Takai S, Yuda A, Jin D et al:Inhibition of chymase reduces vascular proliferation in dog grafted veins. FEBS Lett 467 (2-3) :141-144, 2000

P.69 掲載の参考文献

1) Urata H, Kinoshita A, Misono KS et al:Identification of a highly specific chymase as the major angiotensin II-forming enzyme in the human heart. J Biol Chem 265:22348-22357, 1990

2) Miyazaki M, Takai S, Jin D et al:Pathological roles of angiotensin II produced by mast cell and the effects of chymase inhibition in animal models. Pharmacol Ther 112:668-676, 2006

3) Jin D, Takai S, Yamada M et al:Possible roles of cardiac chymase after myocardial infarction in hamster hearts. Jpn J Pharmacol 86:203-214, 2001

4) Jin D, Takai S, Yamada M et al:Beneficial effects of cardiac chymase inhibition during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Life Sci 71:437-446, 2002

5) Nguyen KN, Aursnes I, Kjekshus J:Interaction between enalapril and aspirin on mortality after acute myocardial infarction:subgroup analysis of the Cooperative New Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study II (CONSENSUS II) . Am J Cardiol 80:115-119, 1997

6) Jin D, Takai S, Sakaguchi M et al:An antiarrhysmic effect of a chymase inhibitor after myocardial infarction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 309:490-497, 2004

7) Shiota N, Jin D, Takai S et al:Chymase is activated in the hamster heart following ventricular fibrosis at the chronic stage of hypertension. FEBS Letters 406:301-304, 1997

8) Takai S, Miyazaki M:Inhibition of transforming growth factor-β activation is a novel effect of chymase inactivation. Lett Drug Des Discov 2:19-22, 2005

P.75 掲載の参考文献

1) Skeggs LT, Marsh WH, Kahn JR et al:The existence of two forms of hypertension. J Ext Med 99:275-282, 1954

2) Vane JR:The release and fate of vaso-active hormones in the circulation. Br J Pharmacol 35:209-242, 1969

3) Miyazaki M, Kawamoto T, Okunishi H:Vascular affinity of trandolapril. Am J Hypertens 8 (10 Pt 2) :63S-67S, 1995

4) Sai Y, Okamura T, Amakata Y et al:Comparison of responses of canine pulmonary artery and vein to angiotensin II, bradykinin and vasopressin. Eur J Pharmacol 282:235-241, 1995

5) Lalich JJ, Merkow L:Pulmonary arteritis produced in rat by feeding Crotalaria spectabilis. Lab Invest 10:744-750, 1961

6) Kishi K, Jin D, Takai S et al:Role of chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. Pediatr, Res 60:77-82, 2006

7) Guo C, Ju H, Leung D et al:Anovel vascular smooth muscle chymase is upregulated in hypertensive rats. J Clin Invest 107:703-715, 2001

8) Ju H, Gros R, You X et al:Conditional and targeted overexpression of vascular chymase causes hyper-tension in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:7469-7474, 2001

9) Hunt JE, Friend DS, Gurish MF et al:Mouse mast cell protease 9, a novel member of the chromo-some 14 family of serine proteases that is selectively expressed in uterine mast cells. J Biol Chem 272:29158-29166, 1997

10) Kirimura K, Takai S, Jin D et al:Role of chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation in regulating blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 28:457-464, 2005

P.80 掲載の参考文献

1) Salsburg DS:The UGDP study. JAMA 218:1704-1705, 1971

2) Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33) . UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 352:837-853, 1998

3) 日本高血圧学会高血圧治療ガイドライン作成委員会:高血圧治療ガイドライン2004, 日本高血圧学会, 東京, 2004

4) Scheen AJ:Renin-angiotensin system inhibition prevents type 2 diabetes mellitus. Part 1. A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Diabetes Metab 30:487-496, 2004

5) Toda N, Miyazaki M, Okamura T:Vascular neuroeffector function in two-kidney, one clip hypertensive dogs. J Hypertens 3:503-509, 1985

6) Folli F, Saad MJ, Velloso L et al:Crosstalk between the insulin and angiotensin II signaling system. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 107:133-139, 1999

7) Hoenack C, Roesen P:Inhibition of angiotensin type 1 receptor prevent decline of glucose transport (GLUT4) in diabetic rat heart. Diabetes 45 (suppl 1) :S82-S87, 1996

8) Henriksen EJ, Jacob S:Modulation of metabolic control by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. J Cell Physiol 196:171-179, 2003

9) Furuhashi M, Ura N, Higashiura K et al:Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system increases adiponectin concentrations in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension 42:76-81, 2003

Part 3 ARBのこれから

P.92 掲載の参考文献

1) Murakami K, Inagami T Michelakis AM et al:An affinity column for renin. Biochem Biochys Res Commun 54:482-487, 1973

2) Hansson L, Lithell H, Skoog I et al:Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE) . Blood Press 8:177-183, 1999

3) Takai S, Song K, Tanaka T et al:Antinociceptive effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and an angiotensin II receptor antagonist in mice. Life Sci 59:331-336, 1996

4) Bosch J, Yusuf S, Pogue J et al, Hope Investigators:Heart outcomes prevention evaluation:Use of ramipril in preventing stroke:double blind randomised trial. BMJ 324:699-702, 2002

P.97 掲載の参考文献

1) Lever AF, Hole DJ, Gillis CR et al:Do inhibitors of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme protect against risk of cancer? Lancet 352 (9123) :179-184, 1998

2) Muramatsu M, Katada J, Hayashi I et al:Chymase as a proangiogenic factor. A possible involvement of chymase-angiotensin-dependent pathway in the hamster sponge angiogenesis model. J Biol Chem 275:5545-5552, 2000

3) Miyajima A, Kosaka T, Asano T et al:Angiotensin II type I antagonist prevents pulmonary metastasis of murine renal cancer by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Cancer, Res 62:4176-4179, 2002

4) Fulita M, Hayashi I, Yamashina S et al:Blockade of angiotensin AT1a receptor signaling reduces tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 294:441-447, 2002

5) Muramatsu M, Yamada M, Takai S et al:Suppression of basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angio-genesis by a specific chymase inhibitor, BCEAB, through the chymase-angiotensin-dependent path-way in hamster sponge granulomas. Br J Pharmacol 137:554-560, 2002

6) Ibaraki T, Muramatsu M, Takai S et al:The relationship of tryptase-and chymase-positive mast cells to angiogenesis in stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 28:617-621, 2005

7) Kondo K, Muramatsu M, Okamoto Y et al:Expression of chymase-positive cells in gastric cancer and its correlation with the angiogenesis. J Surg Oncol 93:36-42, 2006

P.104 掲載の参考文献

1) 宮崎瑞夫:ARBのBeyond Blood Pressure Lowering Effectの薬理. Angiotensin Research 2:156-162, 2005

2) Julius S, Nesbitt SD, Egan BM et al, Trial of Preventing Hypertension (TROPHY) Study Investigators:Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. N Engl J Med 354:1685-1697, 2006

3) Miyazaki M, Takai S:Tissue angiotensin II generating system by angiotensin-converting enzyme and chymase. J Pharmacol Sci 100:391-397, 2006

4) Miyazaki M, Takai S, Jin D et al:Pathological roles of angiotensin II produced by mast cell chymase and the effects of chymase inhibition in animal models. Pharmacol Ther 112:668-676, 2006

5) Takai S, Sakonjo H, Fukuda K et al:Anovel chymase inhibitor, 2-(5-formylamino-6-oxo-2-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-1-yl)-N-[[,4-dioxo-1-phenyl-7- (2-pyridyloxy)]2-heptyl]acetamide (NK3201) , suppressed intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 304:841-844, 2003

6) Nishimoto M, Takai S, Kim S et al:Significance of chymase-dependent angiotensin II-forming path-way in the development of vascular proliferation. Circulation 104:1274-1279, 2001

7) Jin D, Ueda H, Takai S et al:Effect of chymase inhibition on the arteriovenous fistula stenosis in dogs. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:1024-1034, 2005

8) Furubayashi K, Takai S, Jin D et al:The significance of chymase in the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms in dogs. Hypertens Res 30:349-357, 2007

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