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新生児・小児のための脳低温療法

出版社：	メディカ出版
著者：	茨聡(編著)
発行日：	2011-07-15
分野：	臨床医学：内科 > 周産期(新生児)
ISBN：	9784840436922
電子書籍版：	2014-03-01 （電子書籍版）

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新生児や小児における脳低温療法の適応、具体的な冷却方法やモニタリング・検査などを各領域のエキスパートが解説。脳低温療法の作用機序からその実際、今後の展望までをこの一冊で学べる。日本脳低温療法学会公認のテキスト！

目次

新生児・小児のための脳低温療法

―目次―

■総論
●1 脳低温療法の歴史から脳低温療法の本質を理解する
●2 脳低温療法の作用機序

■各論
●1 脳低温療法の適応
・1 新生児における適応
・2 小児における適応
●2 脳低温療法の施行方法
・1 新生児の冷却方法
・2 小児の冷却方法
●3 脳低温療法中のモニタリングおよび検査
・1 体温
・2 循環
・3 頭部エコー検査
・4 脳波
・5 近赤外線分光法（NIRS）
・6 生化学的検査
・7 内頸静脈血酸素飽和度と脳組織酸素摂取率
・8 マイクロダイアリシス法による生化学的モニタリング
・9 頭蓋内圧（ICP）モニター
・10 頭部CT・頭部MRI
●4 脳低温療法中の副作用とその対応
・1 循環系
・2 水・電解質系
・3 易感染性
・4 神経系
●5 脳低温療法の効果
・1 新生児：日本の現状（1）
新生児：日本の現状（2）
・2 新生児：世界の現状
・3 小児：日本の現状
●6 脳低温療法の今後および薬物併用療法

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

総論

P.11 掲載の参考文献

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5) Hayashi, N. Management of pitfalls for the successful clinical use of hypothermia treatment. J. Neurotrauma. 26(3), 2009, 445-53.

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7) Clifton, GL. et al. Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury. N. Engl. J. Med. 344(8), 2001, 556-63.

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P.18 掲載の参考文献

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3) Hayashi, N. Management of pitfalls for the successful clinical use of hypothermia treatment. J. Neurotrauma. 26(3), 2009, 445-53.

4) Kubulus, D. et al. Experimental cooling-induced preconditioning attenuates skin flap failure. Br. J. Surg. 92(11), 2005, 1432-8.

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8) 林成之. 人間の脳が求めている脳低温療法の新たな進化. 日本救急医学会雑誌. 21(5), 2010, 207-29.

9) Cardell, M. et al. Hypothermia prevents the ischemia-induced trans-location and inhibition of protein kinase C in the rat striatum. J. Neurochem. 57(5), 1991, 1814-17.

10) Welsh, FA. et al. Mild hypothermia prevents ischemic injury in gerbil hippocampus. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 10, 1990, 557-63.

11) Almedia, C. et al. Role of heme oxygenase-carbon monoxide pathway in insulin-induced hypothermia : evidence for carbon monoxide involvement. Pflugers. Arch. 444, 2002, 244-50.

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各論

P.25 掲載の参考文献

1) Gluckman, PD. et al. Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy : multicentre randomized trial. Lancet. 365. 2005, 663-70.

2) Shankaran, S. et al. Whole-body hypoyhermia for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 2005, 1574-84.

3) Azzopardi, DV. et al. Moderate hypothermia to treat perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 2009, 1349-58.

4) Edwards, AD. et al. Neurological outcomes at 18 months of age after moderate hypothermia for perinatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy : synthesis and meta-analysis of trial data. BMJ. 2010 ; 340 : c363 doi : 10, 1136/bmj. c363

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8) Winkler, CL. et al. Neonatal Complication at term as related to the degree of umbilical artery academia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 164, 1991, 637-41.

9) Gilstrap, LC. 3rd. et al. Diagnosis of birth asphyxia on the basis of fetal pH, Apgar score, and newborn cerebral dysfunction. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 161(3), 1989, 825-30.

10) Sehdev, HM. et al. Predictive factors for neonatal morbidity in neonates with an umbilical arterial cord pH less than 7.00. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 177(5), 1997, 1030-4.

11) Andres, RL. et al. Association between umbilical blood gas parameters and neonatal morbidity and death in neonates with pathologic fetal acidemia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 181(4), 1999, 867-71.

12) Low, JA. et al. Threshold of metabolic acidosis associated with newbon complications. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 177(6), 1997, 1391-4.

13) Richardson, BS. et al. Cerebral oxidative metabolism during sustained hypoxemia in fetal sheep. Clin. Invest. Med. 16, 1993, 103.

14) Richardson, BS. Fetal adaptive responses to asphyxia. Clin. Perinatol. 16(3), 1989, 595.

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17) Nelson, KB. et al. Apgar scores as predictors of chronic neurologic disability. Pediatrics. 68(1), 1981, 36-44.

18) Thompsom, CM. et al. The value of scoring system for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome. Acta. Pediatr. 86(7), 1997, 757-61.

19) Perlman, JM. et al. Acute systemic organ injury in term infants after asphyxia. Am. J. Dis. Child. 143(5), 1989, 617-20.

20) Martin-Ancel, A. et al. Multiple organ involvement in perinatal asphyxia. J. Pediatr. 127(5), 1995, 786-93.

21) Coimbra, C. et al. Moderate hypothermia mitigates neuronal damage in the rat brain when initiated several hours following transient cerebral ischemia. Acta. Neuropathol(Berl) . 87(4), 1994, 325-31.

P.33 掲載の参考文献

1) Bona, E. et al. Protective effects of moderate hypothermia after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia : shortand long-term outcome. Pediatr. Res. 43(6), 1998, 738-45.

2) Dietrich, WD. et al. Protection in animal models of brain and spinal cord injury with mild to moderate hypothermia. J. Neurotrauma. 26(3), 2009, 301-12.

3) Iwata, O. et al. Depth of delayed cooling alters neuroprotection pattern after hypoxia-ischemia. Ann. Neurol. 58(1), 2005, 75-87.

4) Bernard, S. Hypothermia after cardiac arrest: expanding the therapeutic scope. Crit. Care. Med. 37(7), 2009, S227-S33.

5) Robertson, NJ. and Iwata, O. Bench to bedside strategies for optimizing neuroprotection following perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia in high and low resource settings. Early Hum. Dev. 83(12), 2007, 801-11.

6) Iwata, O. and Iwata, S. Filling the evidence gap : How can we improve the outcome of neonatal encephalopathy in the next 10 years? Brain Dev. 33(3), 2011, 221-8.

7) Kleinman, ME. et al. Part 10 : Pediatric basic and advanced life support : 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 122, 2010, S466-515.

8) Hutchison, JS. et al. Hypothermia therapy after traumatic brain injury in children. N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 2008, 2447-56.

9) Wyatt, JS. Ethics and hypothermia treatment. Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med. 15(5), 2010, 299-304.

10) Bernard, SA. et al. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 2002, 557-63.

11) Eich, C. et al. Outcome of 12 drowned children with attempted resuscitation on cardiopulmonary bypass : an analysis of variables based on the "Utstein Style for Drowning". Resuscitation. 75(1), 2007, 42-52.

12) Farstad, M. et al. Rewarming from accidental hypothermia by extracorporeal circulation : A retrospective study. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 20, 2001, 58-64.

13) Silfvast, T. and Pettila, V. Outcome from severe accidental hypothermia in Southern Finland : a 10-year review. Resuscitation. 59(3), 2003, 285-90.

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17) Clifton, GL. et al. Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 2001, 556-63.

18) Marion, DW. et al. Treatment of traumatic brain injury with moderate hypothermia. N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 1997, 540-46.

19) Clifton, GL. et al. Very early hypothermia induction in patients with severe brain injury (the National Acute Brain Injury Study : Hypothermia II) : a randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 10, 2011, 131-9.

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21) Kawano, G. et al. Determinants of outcomes following acute child encephalopathy and encephalitis : pivotal effect of early and delayed cooling. Arch. Dis. Child. 2010.

22) Sarkar, S. and Barks, JD. Systemic complications and hypothermia. Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med. 15(5), 2010, 270-5.

23) Schubert, A. Side effects of mild hypothermia. J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 7, 1995, 139-47.

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26) Kollmar, R. et al. Neuroprotective effect of delayed moderate hypothermia after focal cerebral ischemia : an MRI study. Stroke. 33, 2002, 1899-904.

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29) Yang, XF. et al. Cooling blocks rat hippocampal neurotransmission by a presynaptic mechanism : observations using 2-photon microscopy. J. Physiol. 567, 2005, 215-24.

30) Hovland, A. et al. EEG should be performed during induced hypothermia. Resuscitation. 68(1), 2006, 143-6.

31) Schmitt, FC. et al. Anticonvulsant properties of hypothermia in experimental status epilepticus. Neurobiol. Dis. 23(3), 2006, 689-96.

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P.41 掲載の参考文献

1) 茨聡ほか. 新生児低酸素性虚血性脳症に対する脳低温療法. 日本未熟児新生児学会雑誌. 39, 2003, 568-72.

2) Gluckman, PD. et al. Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy : multicentre randomized trial. Lancet. 365, 2005, 663-70.

3) Shankaran, S. et al. Whole-body hypoyhermia for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 2005, 1574-84.

4) Azzopardi, DV. et al. Moderate hypothermia to treat perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 2009, 1349-58.

5) Kobayashi, K. et al. Changes of lactate, glucose, ionized calcium and glutamate concentrations in cephalic vein blood during brain hypothermia using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a newborn infant with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. J. Perinat. Med. 33, 2005, 360-3.

6) Nagao, K. et al. "Resuscitative hypothermia in comatose survivors after prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation and B-type natriuretic peptide for the advanced challenge". Hypothermia for acute brain damage. Hayashi, N. et al, eds. Tokyo, Springer-Verlag, 2004, 278-86.

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8) Tooley, J. et al. Significant selective head cooling can be maintained long-term after global hypoxiac ischemia in newborn piglets. Pediatrics. 109, 2002, 643-9.

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10) Schwab, S. et al. Moderate hypothermia in the treatment of patients with severe middle cerebral artery infarction. Stroke. 29, 1998, 2461-6.

P.54 掲載の参考文献

1) Bernard, S. Hypothermia after cardiac arrest : expanding the therapeutic scope. Crit. Care Med. 37(7), 2009, S227-33.

2) Iwata, O. and Iwata, S. Filling the evidence gap : How can we improve the outcome of neonatal encephalopathy in the next 10years? Brain Dev. 33(3), 2011, 221-8.

3) Kleinman, ME. et al. Part 10 : pediatric basic and advanced life support : 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 122, 2010, S466-515.

4) Iwata, O. et al. "Therapeutic time window" duration decreases with increasing severity of cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia under normothermia and delayed hypothermia in newborn piglets. Brain Res. 1154, 2007, 173-80.

5) Kawano, G. et al. Determinants of outcomes following acute child encephalopathy and encephalitis : pivotal effect of early and delayed cooling. Arch. Dis. Child. 2010 Epub ahead of print.

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11) Bernard, SA. et al. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 2002, 557-63.

12) Busch, HJ. et al. Safety and feasibility of nasopharyngeal evaporative cooling in the emergency department setting in survivors of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 81, 2010, 943-9.

13) Gluckman, PD. et al. Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy : multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 365, 2005, 663-70.

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20) Shankaran, S. et al. Whole-body hypothermia for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 2005, 1574-84.

21) Kory, P. et al. A rapid, safe, and low-cost technique for the induction of mild therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest patients. Resuscitation. 82(1), 2011, 15-20.

22) Edwards, AD. et al. Neurological outcomes at 18 months of age after moderate hypothermia for perinatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy : synthesis and meta-analysis of trial data. BMJ. 340, 2010, c363.

23) Eicher, DJ. et al. Moderate hypothermia in neonatal encephalopathy : safety outcomes. Pediatr. Neurol. 32(1), 2005, 18-24.

24) Robertson, NJ. et al. Therapeutic hypothermia for birth asphyxia in low-resource settings : a pilot randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 372, 2008, 801-3.

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26) Robertson, NJ. et al. Techniques for therapeutic hypothermia during transport and in hospital for perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy. Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med. 15(5), 2010, 276-86.

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34) Albaghdadi, AS. et al. Perfluorocarbon induced intra-arrest hypothermia does not improve survival in a swine model of asphyxial cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 81(3), 2010, 353-8.

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38) Thoresen, M. et al. Twenty-four hours of mild hypothermia in unsedated newborn pigs starting after a severe global hypoxic-ischemic insult is not neuroprotective. Pediatr. Res. 50(3), 2001, 405-11.

39) Hovland, A. et al. EEG should be performed during induced hypothermia. Resuscitation. 68(1), 2006, 143-6.

40) Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 2002, 549-56.

41) Azzopardi, DV. et al. Moderate hypothermia to treat perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 2009, 1349-58.

42) Gunn, AJ. and Thoresen, M. Hypothermic neuroprotection. Neuro Rx. 3(2), 2006, 154-69.

43) Hayashi, N. Brain hypothermia treatment for the management of severe pediatric brain injury. No to Hattatsu. 32(2), 2000, 122-31.

44) Yamada, Y. et al. A drop in gas temperature in the external part of the endotracheal tube is problematic during neonatal respiratory support. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 43(7), 2008, 666-73.

45) Lellouche, F. et al. Under-humidification and over-humidification during moderate induced hypothermia with usual devices. Intensive Care Med. 32(7), 2006, 1014-21.

46) Povlishock, JT. and Wei, EP. Posthypothermic rewarming considerations following traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma. 26(3), 2009, 333-40.

47) Sarkar, S. and Barks, JD. Systemic complications and hypothermia. Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med. 15(1), 2010, 270-5.

48) Bacher, A. Effects of body temperature on blood gases. Intensive Care Med. 31, 2005, 24-7.

49) Robertson, NJ. and Iwata, O. Bench to bedside strategies for optimizing neuroprotection following perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia in high and low resource settings. Early Hum. Dev. 83(12), 2007, 801-11.

50) Hayashi, N. Management of pitfalls for the successful clinical use of hypothermia treatment. J. Neurotrauma. 26(3), 2009, 445-53.

P.62 掲載の参考文献

1) Stone, JG. et al. Do standard monitoring sites reflect true brain temperature when profound hypothermia is rapidly induced and reversed? Anesthesiology. 82(2), 1995, 344-51.

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