トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬のすべて

出版社: 先端医学社
著者:
発行日: 2012-10-05
分野: 薬学  >  薬学一般
ISBN: 9784884078348
電子書籍版: 2012-10-05 (第1版第1刷)
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2011年に特発性血小板減少性紫斑病(ITP)の治療薬としてトロンボポエチン(TPO)受容体作動薬が保険適用となり、本薬剤の適正かつ有効な使用が期待される。本書には血小板産生機構の解説からTPO受容体作動薬開発の歴史、国内外の臨床試験にて示されたエビデンスにもとづく最新の知見に至るまで網羅されており、TPO受容体作動薬への理解を深め、基礎研究・臨床応用における今後の更なる発展に貢献する、血液学分野に携わる医療者・研究者必携の一冊。

目次

  • トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬のすべて

    ―目次―

    Part 1 血小板産生機構とトロンボポエチンの基礎をみる
     1.巨核球造血の最新知見から血小板産生機構を知る
     2.トロンボポエチン研究の歴史とクローニング,
       トロンボポエチンの基礎を知る

    Part 2 トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬の基礎と臨床をみる
     1.第一世代トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬
       (rHuTPO製剤,rHuMGDF製剤)
     2.第二世代トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬
       a.ロミプロスチム
       b.エルトロンボパグ

    Part 3 トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬の安全性と副作用をみる
         ―副作用の頻度とその対策―
     1.一般的な副作用
     2.注意を要する副作用
     3.TPO受容体作動薬に特有な副作用

    Part 4 特発性血小板減少性紫斑病(ITP)治療における
         トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬の位置付けを探る
     1.ITPの病態をみる
     2.ITP治療の実際と国内外のガイドラインから
       TPO受容体作動薬の位置付けをさぐる
     3.わが国の成人慢性ITP診療ガイドラインにおける
       TPO受容体作動薬の位置付け

    Part 5 トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬の適応拡大への期待
     1.慢性肝疾患による血小板減少症
     2.再生不良性貧血に対する第II相試験
     3.骨髄異形成症候群(MDS)
     4.固形がんに対する化学療法による血小板減少症
     5.わが国発のTPO受容体作動薬の開発状況

    トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬の臨床応用に関する Question

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

Part 1 血小板産生機構とトロンボポエチンの基礎をみる

P.17 掲載の参考文献
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4) de Sauvage FJ, Hass PE, Spencer SD et al:Stimula-tion of megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis by the c-Mpl ligand. Nature 369:533-538, 1994
5) Lok S, Kaushansky K, Holly RD et al:Cloning and expression of murine thrombopoietin cDNA and stimulation of platelet production in vivo. Nature 369:565-568, 1994
6) Kaushansky K, Lok S, Holly RD et al:Promotion of megakaryocyte progenitor expansion and differentia-tion by the c-Mpl ligand thrombopoietin. Nature 369:568-571, 1994
7) Bartley TD, Bogenberger J, Hunt P et al:Identifica-tion and cloning of a megakaryocyte growth and development factor that is a ligand for the cytokine receptor Mpl. Cell 77:1117-1124, 1994
8) Komatsu N, Okamoto T, Yoshida T et al:Pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor(PEG-rHuMGDF)increased platelet counts(PLT)in patients(pts)with aplastic anemia(AA)and myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS). Blood 96:296a(abstract), 2000
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Part 2 トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬の基礎と臨床をみる

P.40 掲載の参考文献
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P.51 掲載の参考文献
1) Kaushansky K, Lok S, Holly RD et al:Promotion of megakaryocyte progenitor expansion and differentia-tion by the c-Mpl ligand thrombopoietin. Nature 369:568-571, 1994
2) de Sauvage FJ, Hass PE, Spencer SD et al:Stimula-tion of megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis by the c-Mpl ligand. Nature 369:533-538, 1994
3) Kuter DJ, Beeler DL, Rosenberg RD:The purification of megapoietin:a physiological regulator of mega-karyocyte growth and platelet production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:11104-11108, 1994
4) Bartley TD, Bogenberger J, Hunt P et al:Identifica-tion and cloning of a megakaryocyte growth and development factor that is a ligand for the cytokine receptor Mpl. Cell 77:1117-1124, 1994
5) Kato T, Ogami K, Shimada Y et al:Purification and characterization of thrombopoietin. J Biochem 118:229-236, 1995
6) Cwirla SE, Balasubramanian P, Duffin DJ et al:Pep-tide agonist of the thrombopoietin receptor as potent as the natural cytokine. Science 276:1696-1699, 1997
7) Kuter DJ:Biology and chemistry of thrombopoietic agents. Semin Hematol 47:243-248, 2010
8) 医薬品インタビューフォーム ロミプレート(R)皮下注250μg調整用(第1版)[http://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/pack/3999430D1024_1_02/]
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14) Bussel JB, Kuter DJ, George JN et al:AMG 531, a thrombopoiesis-stimulating protein, for chronic ITP. N Engl J Med 355:1672-1681, 2006
15) Newland A, Caulier MT, Kappers-Klunne M et al:An open-label, unit dose-finding study of AMG 531, a novel thrombopoiesis-stimulating peptibody, in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Haematol 135:547-553, 2006
16) Kuter DJ, Bussel JB, Lyons RM et al:Efficacy of romiplostim in patients with chronic immune throm-bocytopenic purpura:a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 371:395-403, 2008
17) George JN, Mathias SD, Go RS et al:Improved quality of life for romiplostim-treated patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura:results from two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Br J Haematol 144:409-415, 2009
18) Bussel JB, Kuter DJ, Pullarkat V et al:Safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with romiplostim in thrombocytopenic patients with chronic ITP. Blood 113:2161-2171, 2009
19) Gernsheimer TB, George JN, Aledort LM et al:Evaluation of bleeding and thrombotic events during long-term use of romiplostim in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia(ITP). J Thromb Haemost 8:1372-1382, 2010
20) Kuter DJ, Mufti GJ, Bain BJ et al:Evaluation of bone marrow reticulin formation in chronic immune thrombocytopenia patients treated with romiplostim. Blood 114:3748-3756, 2009
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2) Mukai HY, Kojima H, Todokoro K et al:Serum thrombopoietin(TPO)levels in patients with amega-karyocytic thrombocytopenia are much higher than those with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Thromb Haemost 76:675-678, 1996
3) Nomura S, Dan K, Hotta T et al:Effects of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor in patients with idiopathic throm-bocytopenic purpura. Blood 100:728-730, 2002
4) Li J, Yang C, Xia Y et al:Thrombocytopenia caused by the development of antibodies to thrombopoietin. Blood 98:3241-3248, 2001
5) Kuter DJ:New thrombopoietic growth factors. Blood 109:4607-4616, 2007
6) Erickson-Miller CL, Delorme E, Tian SS et al:Pre-clinical activity of eltrombopag(SB-497115), an oral, nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor agonist. Stem Cells 27:424-430, 2009
7) Nurden AT, Viallard JF, Nurden P:New-generation drugs that stimulate platelet production in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Lancet 373:1562-1569, 2009
8) Bussel JB, Cheng G, Saleh MN et al:Eltrombopag for the treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 357:2237-2247, 2007
9) Bussel JB, Provan D, Shamsi T et al:Effect of eltrom-bopag on platelet counts and bleeding during treat-ment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic pur-pura:a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 373:641-648, 2009
10) Tomiyama Y, Miyakawa Y, Okamoto S et al:A lower starting dose of eltrombopag is efficacious in Japa-nese patients with previously treated chronic immune thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 10:799-806, 2012
11) 藤村欣吾, 宮川義隆, 倉田義之ほか:成人特発性血小板減少性紫斑病治療の参照ガイド2012年版, 臨床血液 53:433-442, 2012
13) Oda A, Miyakawa Y, Druker BJ et al:Thrombopoi-etin primes human platelet aggregation induced by shear stress and by multiple agonists. Blood 87:4664-4670, 1996
14) Nomura S, Nakamura T, Cone J et al:Cytometric analysis of high shear-induced platelet microparticles and effect of cytokines on microparticle generation. Cytometry 40:173-181, 2000
15) Erhardt JA, Erickson-Miller CL, Aivado M et al:Comparative analyses of the small molecule thrombo-poietin receptor agonist eltrombopag and thrombo-poietin on in vitro platelet function. Exp Hematol 37:1030-1037, 2009
16) Psaila B, Bussel JB, Linden MD et al:In vivo effects of eltrombopag on platelet function in immune throm-bocytopenia:no evidence of platelet activation. Blood 119:4066-4072, 2012
17) Bao W, Bussel JB, Heck S et al:Improved regulatory T-cell activity in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia treated with thrombopoietic agents. Blood 116:4639-4645, 2010
18) Fujita S, Nakanishi T, Yoshimura H et al:TGF-β1 and sCTLA-4 levels are increased in eltrombopag-exposed patients with ITP. Thromb Res 130:415-419, 2012
19) Maruyama T, Li J, Vaque JP et al:Control of the dif-ferentiation of regulatory T cells and T(H)17 cells by the DNA-binding inhibitor Id3. Nat Immunol 12:86-95, 2011

Part 3 トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬の安全性と副作用をみる - 副作用の頻度とその対策 -

P.73 掲載の参考文献
1) Nurden AT, Viallard JF, Nurden P:New-generation drugs that stimulate platelet production in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Lancet 373:1562-1569, 2009
2) Kuter DJ, Begley CG:Recombinant human thrombo-poietin:basic biology and evaluation of clinical stud-ies. Blood 100:3457-3469, 2002
3) Kuter DJ:New thrombopoietic growth factors. Blood 109:4607-4616, 2007
4) Kuter DJ, Bussel JB, Lyons RM et al:Efficacy of romiplostim in patients with chronic immune throm-bocytopenic purpura:a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 371:395-403, 2008
5) Cheng G, Saleh MN, Marcher C et al:Eltrombopag for management of chronic immune thrombocytopenia(RAISE):a 6-month, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet 377:393-402, 2011
6) Nieto M, Calvo G, Hudson I et al:The European Medicines Agency review of eltrombopag(Revolade)for the treatment of adult chronic immune(idiopathic)thrombocytopenic purpura:summary of the scientific assessment of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. Haematologica 96:e33-e40, 2011
7) ロミプレート(R)皮下注250μg調製用添付文書
8) Kurata Y, Hayashi S, Kiyoi T et al:Diagnostic value of tests for reticulated platelets, plasma glycocalicin, and thrombopoietin levels for discriminating between hyperdestructive and hypoplastic thrombocytopenia. Am J Clin Pathol 115:656-664, 2001
9) 林悟, 西山美保, 末久悦次ほか:網状血小板測定法2法の比較検討と臨床的有用性の検討:フローサイトメトリー(FCM)法と多項目自動血球分析装置 XE-2100による自動測定(IPF)法. 臨床病理 57:1039-1044, 2009
10) Aledort LM, Hayward CP, Chen MG et al:Prospective screening of 205 patients with ITP, including diagnosis, serological markers, and the relationship between platelet counts, endogenous thrombopoietin, and circulating antithrombopoietin antibodies. Am J Hematol 76:205-213, 2004
11) Gernsheimer TB, George JN, Aledort LM et al:Evaluation of bleeding and thrombotic events during long-term use of romiplostim in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia(ITP). J Thromb Haemost 8:1372-1382, 2010
12) Bussel JB, Kuter DJ, Pullarkat V et al:Safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with romiplostim in thrombocytopenic patients with chronic ITP. Blood 113:2161-2171, 2009
13) レボレード(R)錠を正しくご使用いただくために:適正使用ガイド, (池田康夫, 金倉譲総監修)2011年12月
14) Tomiyama Y, Miyakawa Y, Okamoto S et al:A lower starting dose of eltrombopag is efficacious in Japanese patients with previously treated chronic immune thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 10:799-806, 2012
15) レボレード(R)錠の適正使用に関するお願い~血栓塞栓症について~, 2012年7月
16) Kuter DJ, Mufti GJ, Bain BJ et al:Evaluation of bone marrow reticulin formation in chronic immune thrombocytopenia patients treated with romiplostim. Blood 114:3748-3756, 2009
17) Mufti G, Bagg A, Hasserjian R et al:Bone marrow reticulin in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 108:3982(abstract), 2006
18) Giagounidis A, Mufti GJ, Kantarjian HM et al:Treatment with the thrombopoietin(TPO)-receptor agonist romiplostim in thrombocytopenic patients(Pts)with low or intermediate-1(Int-1)risk myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS):results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo(PBO)-controlled study[abstract]. Blood 118:117, 2011
19) Olnes MJ, Scheinberg P, Calvo KR et al:Eltrombopag and improved hematopoiesis in refractory aplastic anemia. N Engl J Med 367:11-19, 2012
20) Bussel JB, Kuter DJ, George JN et al:AMG 531, a thrombopoiesis-stimulating protein, for chronic ITP. N Engl J Med 355:1672-1681, 2006
21) Li J, Yang C, Xia Y et al:Thrombocytopenia caused by the development of antibodies to thrombopoietin. Blood 98:3241-3248, 2001
22) Molineux G:The development of romiplostim for patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Ann NY Acad Sci 1222:55-63, 2011
23) Jawa V, Hokom M, Hu Z et al:Assessment of immunogenicity of romiplostim in clinical studies with ITP subjects. Ann Hematol 89(suppl 1):S75-S85, 2010

Part 4 特発性血小板減少性紫斑病 ( ITP ) 治療におけるトロンボポエチン受容体作動薬の位置付けを探る

P.85 掲載の参考文献
1) 倉田義之:臨床調査個人票(平成21年度)集計による特発性血小板減少性紫斑病の全国疫学調査厚生労働科学研究費補助金 難治性疾患克服研究事業「血液凝固異常症に関する調査研究」平成23年度総括・分担研究報告書(研究代表者 村田満). 62-73, 平成24年3月
2) McMillan R, Tani P, Millard F et al:Platelet-associ-ated and plasma anti-glycoprotein autoantibodies in chronic ITP. Blood 70:1040-1045, 1978
3) Heyns AP, Badenhorst PN, Lotter MG et al:Platelet turnover and kinetics in immune thrombocytopenic purpura:results with autologous 111In-labeled plate-let and homologous 51Cr-labeled platelet differ. Blood 67:86-92, 1986
4) Chang M, Nakagawa PA, Williams SA et al:Immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)plasma and purified ITP monoclonal autoantibodies inhibit megakaryocy-topoiesis in vitro. Blood 102:887-895, 2003
5) McMillan R, Wang L, Tomer A et al:Suppression of in vitro megakaryocyte production by antiplatelet autoantibodies from adult patients with chronic ITP. Blood 103:1364-1369, 2004
6) Nugent D, McMillan R, Nichol JL et al:Pathogenesis of chronic immune thrombocytopenia:increased platelet destruction and/or decreased platelet pro-duction. Br J Haematol 146:585-596, 2009
7) Emmons RV, Reid DM, Cohen RL et al:Human thrombopoietin levels are high when thrombocytope-nia is due to megakaryocyte deficiency and low when due to increased platelet destruction. Blood 87:4068-4071, 1996
8) George JN, Woolf SH, Raskob GE et al:Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura:a practice guideline developed by explicit methods for the American Soci-ety of Hematology. Blood 88:3-40, 1996
9) British Committee for Standards in Haematology Gen-eral Haematology Task Force:Guidelines for the investigation and management of idiopathic thrombo-cytopenic purpura in adults, children and in preg-nancy. Br J Haematol 120:574-596, 2003
10) Provan D, Stasi R, Newland AC et al:International consensus report on the investigation and manage-ment of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 115:168-186, 2010
11) Neunert C, Lim W, Crowther M et al:The American Society of hematology 2011 evidence-based practice guideline for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 117:4190-4207, 2011
12) 藤村欣吾, 宮川義隆, 倉田義之ほか:成人特発性血小板減少性紫斑病治療の参照ガイド2012年版, 臨床血液 53:433-442, 2012
13) Nomura S, Dan K, Hotta T et al:Effects of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor in patients with idiopathic throm-bocytopenic purpura. Blood 100:728-730, 2002
14) Kuter DJ, Bussel JB, Lyons RM et al:Efficacy of romiplostim in patients with chronic immune throm-bocytopenic purpura:a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Lancet 371:395-403, 2008
15) Bussel JB, Cheng G, Saleh MN et al:Eltrombopag for the treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 357:2237-2247, 2007
16) Cheng G, Saleh MN, Marcher C et al:Eltrombopag for management of chronic immune thrombocytopenia(RAISE):a 6-month, randomized, phase 3 study. Lancet 377:393-402, 2011
17) Kuter DJ, Rummel M, Boccia R et al:Romiplostim or standard of care in patients with immune thrombocy-topenia. N Engl J Med 363:1889-1899, 2010
18) Shirasugi Y, Ando K, Miyazaki K et al:An open-label extension study evaluating the safety and efficacy of romiplostim for up to 3.5 years in thrombocytopenic Japanese patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP). Int J Hematol 95:652-659, 2012
19) Fujimura K, Kuwana M, Kurata Y et al:Is eradication therapy useful as the first line of treatment in Helicobacter pylori-positive idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura? Analysis of 207 eradicated chronic ITP cases in Japan. Int J Hematol 81:162-168, 2005

Part 5 トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬の適応拡大への期待

P.98 掲載の参考文献
1) 宮川義隆:ITPの新しい治療薬. 血栓止血誌 21:262-270, 2010
2) 宮川義隆:特発性血小板減少性紫斑病の新しい治療薬. 血液フロンティア 21:83-94, 2011
3) Homeida S, Ebdon C, Batty P et al:New thrombopoi-etin receptor agonists for platelet disorders. Drugs of Today 48:293-301, 2012
4) McHutchison JG, Dusheiko G, Shiffman ML et al:Eltrombopag for thrombocytopenia in patients with cirrhosis associated with hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 357:2227-2236, 2007
5) Afdhal N, Dusheiko G, Giannini E et al:Final results of ENABLE-1, a phase 3, multicenter study of eltrombopag as an adjunct for antiviral treatment of hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease associ-ated with thrombocytopenia. 62th annual meeting of the American association for the study of liver dis-ease. abstract, 2011[http://www.natap.org/2011/AASLD/AASLD_110.htm]
6) Dusheiko G, Afdhal N, Giannini E et al:Results of ENABLE-2, a phase 3, placebo-controlled, multi-center study of eltrombopag, pegintereferon alpha-2b, and ribavirin treatment in patients with hepatitis C and thrombocytopenia. 47th annual meeting of European association for the study of the liver dis-ease. abstract, 2012[http://www.natap.org/2012/EASL/EASL_97.htm]
7) Kawaguchi T, Komori A, Seike M et al:Efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in Japanese patients with chronic liver disease and thrombocytopenia:a ran-domized, open-label, phase II study. J Gastroenterol:(epub ahead of print), 2012
8) Afdhal N, Giannini E, Tayyab GN et al:1185 Eltrom-bopag in chronic liver disease patients with thrombo-cytopenia undergoing an elective invasive proce-dures:results from elevate, a randomized clinical trial. J Hepatol 52(Suppl 1):S460, abstract, 2010
9) Clinical study report for study TPL 104054, a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of eltrombopag to reduce the need for platelet transfusion in thrombocytopenic subjects with chronic liver disease undergoing elective invasive procedures. ELEVATE:eltrombopag evaluated for its ability to overcome thrombocytopenia and enable procedures. [http://www.gsk-clinicalstudyregister.com/result_comp_list.jsp?compound=eltrombopag&studyType=All&phase=All&population=All&marketing=All]
10) Olnes MJ, Scheinberg P, Calvo KR et al:Eltrombopag and improved hematopoiesis in refractory aplastic anemia. N Engl J Med 367:11-19, 2012
11) Kantarjian H, Fenaux P, Sekeres MA et al:Safety and efficacy of romiplostim in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome and thrombocytopenia. J Clin Oncol 28:437-444, 2010
12) Giagounidis A, Mufti GJ, Kantarjia HM et al:Treatment with the thrombopoietin(TPO)-receptor agonist romiplostim in thrombocytopenic patients(Pts)with low or intermediate-1(Int-1)risk myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS):results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo(PBO)-controlled study. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 118:117, 2011
13) Kantarjian HM, Giles FJ, Greenberg PL et al:Phase 2 study of romiplostim in patients with low-or intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndrome receiving azacitidine therapy. Blood 116:3163-3170, 2010
14) Kellum A, Jagiello-Gruszfeld A, Bondarenko IN et al:A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose ranging study to assess the efficacy and safetyof eltrombopag in patients receiving carboplatin/paclitaxel for advanced solid tumors. Curr Med Res Opin 26:2339-2346, 2010
15) Nakamura T, Miyakawa Y, Miyamura A et al:A novel nonpeptidyl human c-Mpl activator stimulates human megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Blood 107:4300-4307, 2006
16) Yamane A, Nakamura T, Suzuki H et al:Interferon-alpha 2b-induced thrombocytopenia is caused by inhibition of platelet production but not proliferation and endomitosis in human megakaryocytes. Blood 112:542-550, 2008
17) Nogami W, Yoshida H, Koizumi K et al:The effect of a novel, small non-peptidyl molecule butyzamide on human thrombopoietin receptor and megakaryopoie-sis. Haematologica 93:1495-1504, 2008
18) Roth M, Will B, Simkin G et al:Eltrombopag inhibits the proliferation of leukemia cells via reduction of intracellular iron and induction of differentiation. Blood 120:386-394, 2012

トロンボポエチン受容体作動薬の臨床応用に関するQuestion

P.105 掲載の参考文献
1) 藤村欣吾, 宮川義隆, 倉田義之ほか:成人特発性血小板減少性紫斑病治療の参照ガイド2012年版. 臨床血液 53:433-442, 2012
P.108 掲載の参考文献
2) Bussel JB, Buchanan GR, Nugent DJ et al:A random-ized, double-blind study of romiplostim to determine its safety and efficacy in children with immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 118:28-36, 2011
3) Klaassen RJ, Mathias SD, Buchanan G et al:Pilot study of the effect of romiplostim on child health-related quality of life(HRQoL)and parental burden in immune thrombocytopenia(ITP). Pediatr Blood Cancer 58:395-398, 2012
4) Bussel J, Grainger J, Despotovic J et al:Eltrombopag for the treatment of childhood chronic ITP:the PETIT study, a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Hae-matologica 97(suppl 1):201-202, 2012
P.109 掲載の参考文献
2) Provan D, Stasi R, Newland AC et al:International Consensus Report on the investigation and manage-ment of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 115:168-186, 2010
3) ロミプレート(R)皮下注250μg調製用, 添付文書[2011年4月作成(第1版)]
4) レボレード(R)錠12.5mg・25mg, 添付文書[2010年10月作成(第1版)]
P.110 掲載の参考文献
1) ITP治療の参照ガイド作成委員会:成人特発性血小板減少性紫斑病治療の参照ガイド2012年版. 臨床血液 53:433-442, 2012
3) Stasi R, Newland A, Thornton P et al:Should medical treatment options be exhausted before splenectomy is performed in adult ITP patients? A debate. Ann Hematol 89:1185-1195, 2010
4) Kuter DJ, Phil D, Rummel A et al:Romiplostim or standard of care in patients with immune thrombocy-topenia. N Engl J Med 363:1889-1899, 2010
5) Ghanima W, Godeau B, Cines DB et al:How I treat immune thrombocytopenia(ITP):the choice between splenectomy or a medical therapy as a second-line treatment. Blood 120:960-969, 2012

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