PICSのすべて　Q&A40

出版社： 中外医学社
著者：
発行日： 2020-03-10
分野： 臨床医学：一般  >  集中治療
ISBN： 9784498166202
電子書籍版： 2020-03-10 （1版1刷）
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ICU長期入室は，しばしば退院後も生存者に肉体的・精神的ダメージを与え続け，社会復帰を困難にする．この問題をとらえた，集中治療後症候群（post intensive care syndrome，PICS）に関する本格的入門書．本邦の第一人者がおくる本書は，救命率が向上すればするほど要介護者が増加するというパラドキシカルな問題を解決するための羅針盤となろう．

目次

  • I　PICSの背景因子
    　Q1　なぜ今PICSなのか？
    　Q2　PICSとは何か，3つのドメインは？
    　Q3　どのような年齢層や性別がPICSに陥りやすいか？
    　Q4　どのような基礎疾患を有する患者がPICSに陥りやすいか？
    　Q5　ICUケアからみたPICSの原因は？（治療介入因子，環境因子，精神因子）

    II　身体機能障害
    　Q6　ICU-AWとは何か？CIM, CIPとの関連は？
    　Q7　ICUでどのようにICU-AWの診断をすべきか？　
    　Q8　ICU-AW発症の関連因子は？

    III　認知機能障害
    　Q9　ICUにおける認知機能障害とは？
    　Q10　ICUで認知機能障害を診断するにはどうすればよいか？
    　Q11　ICUにおける認知機能障害は長期予後と関連しているか？

    IV　精神障害
    　Q12　どのようなメンタルヘルス障害があるか？
    　（不眠，記憶障害，PTSD，不安，うつなど）
    　Q13　不眠が患者のQOLに与える影響は？　
    　Q14　ICUにおけるメンタルヘルス障害の評価法は？
    　Q15　ICUメンタルヘルス障害と長期予後は？

    V　PICS-F
    　Q16　PICS-Fとは何か？　
    　Q17　何がICU患者家族のメンタルヘルスに影響を及ぼすか？（リスクファクターなど）
    　Q18　ICU生存患者家族における睡眠障害のインパクトは？その原因は？　
    　Q19　PICS-Fをどのように認知するべきか？

    VI　PICS-P
    　Q20　PICS-Pとは何か？

    VII　予防と治療
    　Q21　ABCDEFGHバンドルとは何か？
    　Q22　ABCDEFGHバンドルはPICSを予防できるか？　
    　　コラムABCDEFGHバンドルに“I（愛）”を加えたら…　

    VIII　早期リハビリテーション，理学療法
    　Q23　PICSの予防に早期リハビリテーションを行うか？
    　Q24　ICU-AWの予防に神経筋電気刺激を行うか？　
    　Q25　ICU-AWの予防に他動関節運動療法を行うか？　

    IX　栄養管理
    　Q26　ICU患者における低栄養と長期予後の関係は？　
    　Q27　ICU患者に早期から栄養を開始するにはどのようにすべきか？　
    　Q28　早期経腸栄養はPICSを予防するか？　
    　Q29　高齢者がPICSに陥らないための栄養療法は何か？

    X　環境整備・日記
    　Q30　耳栓や音楽療法による騒音対策はPICSを予防するか？
    　Q31　ICU患者における日記の効果は？
    　Q32　メンタルケアはPICSを予防するか？

    XI　看護ケア
    　Q33　PICS予防のためにICUルーチンシステムをいかに変えるか？
    　Q34　患者・家族のPICS対策はどのようにすべきか？
    　Q35　家族の面会制限を行うか？

    XII　多職種連携
    　Q36　ICUにおける多職種とは？　各職種の役割と意義は？
    　Q37　PICSを予防するために，どのように多職種で連携をとるべきか？その秘策は？　

    XIII　PICS外来・フォローアップ
    　Q38　PICS外来とは何か？
    　Q39　PICS外来立ち上げのプロセスは？
    　Q40　PICS外来の意義は？

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

I PICSの背景因子

P.4 掲載の参考文献
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13) Harvey MA, Davidson JE. Postintensive care syndrome : right care, right now...and later. Crit Care Med. 2016 ; 44 : 381-5.
 
P.10 掲載の参考文献
1) Needham DM, Davidson J, Cohen H, et al. Improving long-term outcomes after discharge from intensive care unit : Report from a stakeholders' conference. Crit Care Med. 2012 ; 40 : 502-9.
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2) Elliott D, Davidson JE, Harvey MA, et al. Exploring the scope of post-intensive care syndrome therapy and care : Engagement of non-critical care providers and survivors in a second stakeholders meeting. Crit Care Med. 2014 ; 42 : 2518-26.
 
3) Kress JP, Hall JB. ICU-acquired weakness and recovery from critical illness. N Engl J Med. 2014 ; 370 : 1626-35.
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4) Ehlenbach WJ, Hough CL, Crane PK, et al. Association between acute care and critical illness hospitalization and cognitive function in older adults. JAMA. 2010 ; 303 : 763-70.
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5) Harvey MA. The truth about consequences--post-intensive care syndrome in intensive care unit survivors and their families. Crit Care Med. 2012 ; 40 : 2506-7.
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6) Myers EA, Smith DA, Allen SR, et al. Post-ICU syndrome : Rescuing the undiagnosed. JAAPA. 2016 ; 29 : 34-37.
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7) Mandebvu F, Kalman M. The 3 Ds, and newly acquired cognitive impairment : issues for the ICU nurse. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2015 ; 38 : 317-26.
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8) Davidson JE, Jones C, Bienvenu OJ. Family response to critical illness : Postintensive care syndrome-family. Crit Care Med. 2012 ; 40 : 618-24.
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9) Jezierska N, Borkowski B, Gaszynski W. Psychological reactions in family members of patients hospitalised in intensive care units. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2014 ; 46 : 42-5.
 
10) Netzer G, Sullivan DR. Recognizing, naming, and measuring a family intensive care unit syndrome. Ann Am Thoracic Soc. 2014 ; 11 : 435-41.
 
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12) Davidson JE, Aslakson RA, Long AC, et al. Guidelines for family-centered care in the neonatal, pediatric, and adult ICU. Crit Care Med. 2017 ; 45 : 103-28.
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13) Davidson JE, Harvey MA, Bemis-Dougherty A, et al. Implementation of the pain, agitation, and delirium clinical practice guidelines and promoting patient mobility to prevent post-intensive care syndrome. Crit Care Med. 2013 ; 41 : S136-S145.
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P.14 掲載の参考文献
1) De Jonghe B, Sharshar T, Lefaucheur JP, et al. Paresis acquired in the intensive care unit : a prospective multicenter study. JAMA. 2002 ; 288 : 2859-67.
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2) Davis DH, Muniz-Terrera G, Keage HA, et al. Association of delirium with cognitive decline in late life : a neuropathologic study of 3 population-based cohort studies. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017 ; 74 : 244-51.
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3) Davydow DS, Hough CL, Langa KM, et al. Presepsis depressive symptoms are associated with incident cognitive impairment in survivors of severe sepsis : a prospective cohort study of older Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 ; 60 : 2290-6.
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P.17 掲載の参考文献
1) Needham DM, Wozniak AW, Hough CL, et al. Risk factors for physical impairment after acute lung injury in a national, multicenter study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 ; 189 : 1214-24.
 
2) Dubois MJ, Bergeron N, Dumont M, et al. Delirium in an intensive care unit : a study of risk factors. Intensive Care Med. 2001 ; 27 : 1297-304.
 
3) Davydow DS, Hough CL, Langa KM, et al. Presepsis depressive symptoms are associated with incident cognitive impairment in survivors of severe sepsis : a prospective cohort study of older Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 ; 60 : 2290-6.
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4) Huang M, Parker AM, Bienvenu OJ, et al. Psychiatric symptoms in acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors : a 1-year national multicenter study. Crit Care Med. 2016 ; 44 : 954-65.
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P.21 掲載の参考文献
1) Zaal IJ, Spruyt CF, Peelen LM, et al. Intensive care unit environment may affect the course of delirium. Intensive Care Med. 2013 ; 39 : 481-8.
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2) Aurell J, Elmqvist D. Sleep in the surgical intensive care unit : continuous polygraphic recording of sleep in nine patients receiving postoperative care. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985 ; 290 : 1029-32.
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3) Day A, Haj-Bakri S, Lubchansky S, et al. Sleep, anxiety and fatigue in family members of patients admitted to the intensive care unit : a questionnaire study. Crit Care. 2013 ; 17 : R91.
 
4) Verceles AC, Corwin DS, Afshar M, et al. Half of the family members of critically ill patients experience excessive daytime sleepiness. Intensive Care Med. 2014 ; 40 : 1124-31.
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II 身体機能障害

P.25 掲載の参考文献
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2) Stevens RD, Marshall SA, Cornblath DR, et al. A framework for diagnosing and classifying intensive care unit-acquired weakness. Crit Care Med. 2009 ; 37 (10 Suppl) : S299-308.
 
3) Ali NA, O'Brien JM Jr, Hoffmann SP, et al. Acquired weakness, handgrip strength, and mortality in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 ; 178 : 261-8.
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4) Hermans G, Van Mechelen H, Clerckx B, et al. Acute outcomes and 1-year mortality of intensive care unit-acquired weakness. A cohort study and propensity-matched analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 ; 190 : 410-20.
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5) Bednarik J, Lukas Z, Vondracek P. Critical illness polyneuromyopathy : the electrophysiological components of a complex entity. Intensive Care Med. 2003 ; 29 : 1505-14.
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6) Koch S, Spuler S, Deja M, et al. Critical illness myopathy is frequent : accompanying neuropathy protracts ICU discharge. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011 ; 82 : 287-93.
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7) Iwashyna TJ, Ely EW, Smith DM, et al. Long-term cognitive impairment and functional disability among survivors of severe sepsis. JAMA. 2010 ; 304 : 1787-94.
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8) Herridge MS, Tansey CM, Matte A, et al. Functional disability 5 years after acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011 ; 364 : 1293-304.
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9) Stevens RD, Dowdy DW, Michaels RK, et al. Neuromuscular dysfunction acquired in critical illness : a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. 2007 ; 33 : 1876-91.
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10) Schefold JC, Bierbrauer J, Weber-Carstens S. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) and muscle wasting in critically ill patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010 ; 1 : 147-57.
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11) Kress JP, Hall JB. ICU-acquired weakness and recovery from critical illness. N Engl J Med. 2014 ; 370 : 1626-35.
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14) Zink W, Kollmar R, Schwab S. Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy in the intensive care unit. Nat Rev Neurol. 2009 ; 5 : 372-9.
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15) Latronico N, Bolton CF. Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy : a major cause of muscle weakness and paralysis. Lancet Neurol. 2011 ; 10 : 931-41.
 
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18) Hermans G, De Jonghe B, Bruyninckx F, et al. Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 ; 1 : CD006832.
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19) Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, et al. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients : a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 ; 373 : 1874-82.
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22) Hermans G, Casaer MP, Clerckx B, et al. Effect of tolerating macronutrient deficit on the development of intensive-care unit acquired weakness : a subanalysis of the EPaNIC trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2013 ; 1 : 621-9.
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P.32 掲載の参考文献
1) Stevens RD, Marshall SA, Cornblath DR, et al. A framework for diagnosing and classifying intensive care unit-acquired weakness. Crit Care Med. 2009 ; 37 : S299-308.
PubMed
2) Ali NA, O'Brien JM Jr, Hoffmann SP, et al. Acquired weakness, handgrip strength, and mortality in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 ; 178 : 261-8.
PubMed
3) Kress JP, Hall JB. ICU-acquired weakness and recovery from critical illness. N Engl J Med. 2014 ; 370 : 1626-35.
PubMed
4) Koch S, Wollersheim T, Bierbrauer J, et al. Long-term recovery in critical illness myopathy is complete, contrary to polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve. 2014 ; 50 : 431-6.
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5) Fan E, Cheek F, Chlan L, et al. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice guideline : the diagnosis of intensive care unit-acquired weakness in adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 ; 190 : 1437-46.
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6) Raghig H, Young GB, Hammond R, et al. A comparison of EMG and muscle biopsy in ICU weakness. Neurocrit Care. 2010 ; 13 : 326-30.
 
7) Bierbrauer J, Koch S, Olbricht C, et al. Early type II fiber atrophy in intensive care unit patients with nonexcitable muscle membrane. Crit Care Med. 2012 ; 40 : 647-50.
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8) Latronico N, Bolton CF. Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy : a major cause of muscle weakness and paralysis. Lancet Neurol. 2011 ; 10 : 931-41.
 
P.39 掲載の参考文献
1) Van den Berghe G, Schoonheydt K, Becx P, et al. Insulin therapy protects the central and peripheral nervous system of intensive care patients. Neurology. 2005 ; 64 : 1348-53.
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2) Hermans G, Wilmer A, Meersseman W, et al. Impact of intensive insulin therapy on neuromuscular complications and ventilator dependency in the medical intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 ; 175 : 480-9.
 
3) Hermans G, De Jonghe B, Bruyninckx F, et al. Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 ; CD006832.
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4) Nanas S, Kritikos K, Angelopoulos E, et al. Predisposing factors for critical illness polyneuromyopathy in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 ; 118 : 175-81.
 
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6) Hermans G, Casaer MP, Clerckx B, et al. Effect of tolerating macronutrient deficit on the development of intensive-care unit acquired weakness : a subanalysis of the EPaNIC trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2013 ; 1 : 621-9.
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7) Parsons EC, Kross EK, Ali NA, et al. Red blood cell transfusion is associated with decreased in-hospital muscle strength among critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation. J Crit Care. 2013 ; 28 : 1079-85.
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8) Wieske L, Witteveen E, Verhamme C, et al. Early prediction of intensive care unitacquired weakness using easily available parameters : a prospective observational study. PLoS One. 2014 ; 9 : e111259.
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9) Patel BK, Pohlman AS, Hall JB, et al. Impact of early mobilization on glycemic control and ICU-acquired weakness in critically Ill patients who are mechanically ventilated. Chest. 2014 ; 146 : 583-9.
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III 認知機能障害

P.45 掲載の参考文献
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4) Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Jackson JC, et al. Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. N Engl J Med. 2013 ; 369 : 1306-16.
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7) Dubois MJ, Bergeron N, Dumont M, et al. Delirium in an intensive care unit : a study of risk factors. Intensive Care Med. 2001 ; 27 : 1297-304.
 
8) Sakuramoto H, Subrina J, Unoki T, et al. Severity of delirium in the ICU is associated with short term cognitive impairment. A prospective cohort study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2015 ; 31 : 250-7.
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P.52 掲載の参考文献
1) 近藤豊. PICSと認知機能障害. INTENSIVIST. 2018 ; 10 : 83-90.
 
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3) Bergeron N, Dubois MJ, Dumont M, et al. Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist : evaluation of a new screening tool. Intensive Care Med. 2001 ; 27 : 859-64.
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6) Miguelez M, Merlani P, Gigon F, et al. Feasibility of a multiple-choice mini mental state examination for chronically critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2014 ; 42 : 1874-81.
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7) Kondo Y, Fuke R, Hifumi T, et al. Early rehabilitation for the prevention of postintensive care syndrome in critically ill patients : a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017 ; 7 : e013828.
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8) Sanchez-Arenas R, Vargas-Alarcon G, Sanchez-Garcia S, et al. Value of EQ-5D in Mexican city older population with and without dementia (SADEM study). Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 ; 29 : 478-88.
PubMed
9) Sacanella E, Perez-Castejon JM, Nicolas JM, et al. Mortality in healthy elderly patients after ICU admission. Intensive Care Med. 2009 ; 35 : 550-5.
PubMed
10) Zinn S, Dudley TK, Bosworth HB, et al. The effect of poststroke cognitive impairment on rehabilitation process and functional outcome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 ; 85 : 1084-90.
PubMed
11) Jackson JC, Ely EW, Morey MC, et al. Cognitive and physical rehabilitation of intensive care unit survivors : Results of the RETURN randomized controlled pilot investigation. Crit Care Med. 2012 ; 40 : 1088-97.
PubMed
P.57 掲載の参考文献
1) 近藤豊. PICSと認知機能障害. INTENSIVIST. 2018 ; 10 : 83-90.
 
2) Wilcox ME, Brummel NE, Archer K, et al. Cognitive dysfunction in ICU patients : risk factors, predictors, and rehabilitation interventions. Crit Care Med. 2013 ; 41 (9 Suppl 1) : S81-98.
 
3) Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Jackson JC, et al. Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. N Engl J Med. 2013 ; 369 : 1306-16.
PubMed
4) Kohler J, Borchers F, Endres M, et al. Cognitive Deficits Following Intensive Care. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2019 ; 116 : 627-34.
PubMed
5) Hughes CG, Patel MB, Brummel NE, et al. Relationships between markers of neurologic and endothelial injury during critical illness and long-term cognitive impairment and disability. Intensive Care Med. 2018 ; 44 : 345-55.
PubMed
6) Li YN, Zhang Q, Yin CP, et al. Effects of nimodipine on postoperative delirium in elderly under general anesthesia : A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 ; 96 : e6849.
 
7) Rappold T, Laflam A, Hori D, et al. Evidence of an association between brain cellular injury and cognitive decline after non-cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2016 ; 116 : 83-9.
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8) Woon FL, Dunn CB, Hopkins RO. Predicting cognitive sequelae in survivors of critical illness with cognitive screening tests. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 ; 186 : 333-40.
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9) Chen D, Chen J, Yang H, et al. Mini-Cog to predict postoperative mortality in geriatric elective surgical patients under general anesthesia : a prospective cohort study. Minerva Anestesiol. 2019. doi : 10.23736/S0375-9393.19.13462-1. (Epub ahead of print)
 
10) 日本集中治療医学会. 本邦の診療現場におけるPICSの実態調査アンケート結果報告. https://www.jsicm.org/news/upload/PICS20190709.pdf (2019/11/10 アクセス済)
 
11) Hoffmann T, Tornatore G. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients resulted in better functional outcomes at hospital discharge. Aust Occup Ther J. 2009 ; 56 : 438-9.
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12) Rothenhausler HB, Ehrentraut S, Stoll C, et al. The relationship between cognitive performance and employment and health status in long-term survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome : Results of an exploratory study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2001 ; 23 : 90-6.
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13) Brummel NE, Girard TD, Ely EW, et al. Feasibility and safety of early combined cognitive and physical therapy for critically ill medical and surgical patients : the Activity and Cognitive Therapy in ICU (ACT-ICU) trial. Intensive Care Med. 2014 ; 40 : 370-9.
 
14) Jayasekara R, Procter N, Harrison J, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for older adults with depression : a review. J Ment Health. 2015 ; 24 : 168-71.
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15) Zhang Y, Su J, Wang J, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia combined with eszopiclone for the treatment of sleep disorder patients transferred out of the intensive care unit : A single-centred retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 ; 97 : e12383.
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16) Geense WW, van den Boogaard M, van der Hoeven JG, et al. Nonpharmacologic interventions to prevent or mitigate adverse long-term outcomes among ICU survivors : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2019 ; 47 : 1607-18.
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17) Schmidt K, Worrack S, Von Korff M, et al. Effect of a primary care management intervention on mental health-related quality of life among survivors of sepsis : a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016 ; 315 : 2703-11.
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18) Garrouste-Orgeas M, Flahault C, Fasse L. The ICU-Diary study : prospective, multicenter comparative study of the impact of an ICU diary on the wellbeing of patients and families in French ICUs. Trials. 2017 ; 18 : 542.
PubMed

IV 精神障害

P.59 掲載の参考文献
1) Harvey MA. The truth about consequences--post-intensive care syndrome in intensive care unit survivors and their families. Crit Care Med. 2012. 40 : 2506-7.
PubMed
2) Myers EA, Smith DA, Allen SR, et al. Post-ICU syndrome : Rescuing the undiagnosed. JAAPA. 2016 ; 29 : 34-7.
PubMed
3) Hatch R, Young D, Barber V, et al. Anxiety, depression and post traumatic stress disorder after critical illness : a UK-wide prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2018 ; 22 : 310.
PubMed
4) Hopkins RO, Key CW, Suchyta MR, et al. Risk factors for depression and anxiety in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010 ; 32 : 147-55.
PubMed
5) Patel MB, Jackson JC, Morandi A, et al. Incidence and risk factors for intensive care unit-related post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans and civilians. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 ; 193 : 1373-81.
PubMed
6) Neubauer DN. Sleep problems in the elderly. Am Fam Physician. 1999 ; 59 : 2551-60.
PubMed
7) 大藤純. PICSの概念と対策. 四国医誌. 2018, 74 : 89-100.
 
8) Cooper AB, Thornley KS, Young GB, et al. Sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Chest. 2000 ; 117 : 809-18.
PubMed
9) Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gelinas C, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018 ; 46 : e825-e873.
PubMed
10) Simons KS, Verweij E, Lemmens PMC, et al. Noise in the intensive care unit and its influence on sleep quality : a multicenter observational study in Dutch intensive care units. Crit Care. 2018 ; 22 : 250.
PubMed
11) Garrouste-Orgeas M, Flahault C, Vinatier I, et al. Effect of an ICU diary on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among patients receiving mechanical ventilation : a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019 ; 322 : 229-39.
PubMed
12) Kredentser MS, Blouw M, Marten N, et al. preventing Posttraumatic Stress in ICU survivors : a single-center pilot randomized controlled trial of ICU diaries and psychoeducation. Crit Care Med. 2018 ; 46 : 1914-22.
PubMed
13) Knowles RE, Tarrier N. Evaluation of the effect of prospective patient diaries on emotional well-being in intensive care unit survivors : a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 2009 ; 37 : 184-91.
PubMed
14) Rosa RG, Falavigna M, da Silva DB, et al. Effect of flexible family visitation on delirium among patients in the intensive care Unit : The ICU Visits Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 ; 322 : 216-28.
PubMed
15) Kalfon P, Alessandrini M, Boucekine M, et al. Tailored multicomponent program for discomfort reduction in critically ill patients may decrease post-traumatic stress disorder in general ICU survivors at 1 year. Intensive Care Med. 2019 ; 45 : 223-35.
PubMed
16) Kalfon P, Baumstarck K, Estagnasie P, et al. A tailored multicomponent program to reduce discomfort in critically ill patients : a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2017 ; 43 : 1829-40.
PubMed
P.62 掲載の参考文献
1) Harvey MA. The truth about consequences--post-intensive care syndrome in intensive care unit survivors and their families. Crit Care Med. 2012. 40 : 2506-7.
PubMed
2) Myers EA, Smith DA, Allen SR, et al. Post-ICU syndrome : Rescuing the undiagnosed. JAAPA. 2016 ; 29 : 34-7.
PubMed
3) Hatch R, Young D, Barber V, et al. Anxiety, depression and post traumatic stress disorder after critical illness : a UK-wide prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2018 ; 22 : 310.
PubMed
4) Hopkins RO, Key CW, Suchyta MR, et al. Risk factors for depression and anxiety in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010 ; 32 : 147-55.
PubMed
5) Patel MB, Jackson JC, Morandi A, et al. Incidence and risk factors for intensive care unit-related post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans and civilians. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 ; 193 : 1373-81.
PubMed
6) Neubauer DN. Sleep problems in the elderly. Am Fam Physician. 1999 ; 59 : 2551-60.
PubMed
7) 大藤純. PICSの概念と対策. 四国医誌. 2018, 74 : 89-100.
 
8) Cooper AB, Thornley KS, Young GB, et al. Sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Chest. 2000 ; 117 : 809-18.
PubMed
9) Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gelinas C, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018 ; 46 : e825-e873.
PubMed
10) Simons KS, Verweij E, Lemmens PMC, et al. Noise in the intensive care unit and its influence on sleep quality : a multicenter observational study in Dutch intensive care units. Crit Care. 2018 ; 22 : 250.
PubMed
11) Garrouste-Orgeas M, Flahault C, Vinatier I, et al. Effect of an ICU diary on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among patients receiving mechanical ventilation : a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019 ; 322 : 229-39.
PubMed
12) Kredentser MS, Blouw M, Marten N, et al. preventing Posttraumatic Stress in ICU survivors : a single-center pilot randomized controlled trial of ICU diaries and psychoeducation. Crit Care Med. 2018 ; 46 : 1914-22.
PubMed
13) Knowles RE, Tarrier N. Evaluation of the effect of prospective patient diaries on emotional well-being in intensive care unit survivors : a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 2009 ; 37 : 184-91.
PubMed
14) Rosa RG, Falavigna M, da Silva DB, et al. Effect of flexible family visitation on delirium among patients in the intensive care Unit : The ICU Visits Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 ; 322 : 216-28.
PubMed
15) Kalfon P, Alessandrini M, Boucekine M, et al. Tailored multicomponent program for discomfort reduction in critically ill patients may decrease post-traumatic stress disorder in general ICU survivors at 1 year. Intensive Care Med. 2019 ; 45 : 223-35.
PubMed
16) Kalfon P, Baumstarck K, Estagnasie P, et al. A tailored multicomponent program to reduce discomfort in critically ill patients : a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2017 ; 43 : 1829-40.
PubMed
P.65 掲載の参考文献
1) Harvey MA. The truth about consequences--post-intensive care syndrome in intensive care unit survivors and their families. Crit Care Med. 2012. 40 : 2506-7.
PubMed
2) Myers EA, Smith DA, Allen SR, et al. Post-ICU syndrome : Rescuing the undiagnosed. JAAPA. 2016 ; 29 : 34-7.
PubMed
3) Hatch R, Young D, Barber V, et al. Anxiety, depression and post traumatic stress disorder after critical illness : a UK-wide prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2018 ; 22 : 310.
PubMed
4) Hopkins RO, Key CW, Suchyta MR, et al. Risk factors for depression and anxiety in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010 ; 32 : 147-55.
PubMed
5) Patel MB, Jackson JC, Morandi A, et al. Incidence and risk factors for intensive care unit-related post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans and civilians. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 ; 193 : 1373-81.
PubMed
6) Neubauer DN. Sleep problems in the elderly. Am Fam Physician. 1999 ; 59 : 2551-60.
PubMed
7) 大藤純. PICSの概念と対策. 四国医誌. 2018, 74 : 89-100.
 
8) Cooper AB, Thornley KS, Young GB, et al. Sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Chest. 2000 ; 117 : 809-18.
PubMed
9) Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gelinas C, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018 ; 46 : e825-e873.
PubMed
10) Simons KS, Verweij E, Lemmens PMC, et al. Noise in the intensive care unit and its influence on sleep quality : a multicenter observational study in Dutch intensive care units. Crit Care. 2018 ; 22 : 250.
PubMed
11) Garrouste-Orgeas M, Flahault C, Vinatier I, et al. Effect of an ICU diary on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among patients receiving mechanical ventilation : a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019 ; 322 : 229-39.
PubMed
12) Kredentser MS, Blouw M, Marten N, et al. preventing Posttraumatic Stress in ICU survivors : a single-center pilot randomized controlled trial of ICU diaries and psychoeducation. Crit Care Med. 2018 ; 46 : 1914-22.
PubMed
13) Knowles RE, Tarrier N. Evaluation of the effect of prospective patient diaries on emotional well-being in intensive care unit survivors : a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 2009 ; 37 : 184-91.
PubMed
14) Rosa RG, Falavigna M, da Silva DB, et al. Effect of flexible family visitation on delirium among patients in the intensive care Unit : The ICU Visits Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 ; 322 : 216-28.
PubMed
15) Kalfon P, Alessandrini M, Boucekine M, et al. Tailored multicomponent program for discomfort reduction in critically ill patients may decrease post-traumatic stress disorder in general ICU survivors at 1 year. Intensive Care Med. 2019 ; 45 : 223-35.
PubMed
16) Kalfon P, Baumstarck K, Estagnasie P, et al. A tailored multicomponent program to reduce discomfort in critically ill patients : a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2017 ; 43 : 1829-40.
PubMed
P.70 掲載の参考文献
1) Harvey MA. The truth about consequences--post-intensive care syndrome in intensive care unit survivors and their families. Crit Care Med. 2012. 40 : 2506-7.
PubMed
2) Myers EA, Smith DA, Allen SR, et al. Post-ICU syndrome : Rescuing the undiagnosed. JAAPA. 2016 ; 29 : 34-7.
PubMed
3) Hatch R, Young D, Barber V, et al. Anxiety, depression and post traumatic stress disorder after critical illness : a UK-wide prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2018 ; 22 : 310.
PubMed
4) Hopkins RO, Key CW, Suchyta MR, et al. Risk factors for depression and anxiety in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010 ; 32 : 147-55.
PubMed
5) Patel MB, Jackson JC, Morandi A, et al. Incidence and risk factors for intensive care unit-related post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans and civilians. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 ; 193 : 1373-81.
PubMed
6) Neubauer DN. Sleep problems in the elderly. Am Fam Physician. 1999 ; 59 : 2551-60.
PubMed
7) 大藤純. PICSの概念と対策. 四国医誌. 2018, 74 : 89-100.
 
8) Cooper AB, Thornley KS, Young GB, et al. Sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Chest. 2000 ; 117 : 809-18.
PubMed
9) Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gelinas C, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018 ; 46 : e825-e873.
PubMed
10) Simons KS, Verweij E, Lemmens PMC, et al. Noise in the intensive care unit and its influence on sleep quality : a multicenter observational study in Dutch intensive care units. Crit Care. 2018 ; 22 : 250.
PubMed
11) Garrouste-Orgeas M, Flahault C, Vinatier I, et al. Effect of an ICU diary on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among patients receiving mechanical ventilation : a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019 ; 322 : 229-39.
PubMed
12) Kredentser MS, Blouw M, Marten N, et al. preventing Posttraumatic Stress in ICU survivors : a single-center pilot randomized controlled trial of ICU diaries and psychoeducation. Crit Care Med. 2018 ; 46 : 1914-22.
PubMed
13) Knowles RE, Tarrier N. Evaluation of the effect of prospective patient diaries on emotional well-being in intensive care unit survivors : a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 2009 ; 37 : 184-91.
PubMed
14) Rosa RG, Falavigna M, da Silva DB, et al. Effect of flexible family visitation on delirium among patients in the intensive care Unit : The ICU Visits Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 ; 322 : 216-28.
PubMed
15) Kalfon P, Alessandrini M, Boucekine M, et al. Tailored multicomponent program for discomfort reduction in critically ill patients may decrease post-traumatic stress disorder in general ICU survivors at 1 year. Intensive Care Med. 2019 ; 45 : 223-35.
PubMed
16) Kalfon P, Baumstarck K, Estagnasie P, et al. A tailored multicomponent program to reduce discomfort in critically ill patients : a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2017 ; 43 : 1829-40.
PubMed

V PICS - F

P.77 掲載の参考文献
1) Jones C, Skirrows P, Griffiths RD, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder-related symptoms in relatives of patients following intensive care. Intensive Care Med. 2004 ; 30 : 456-60.
 
2) Inoue S, Hatakeyama J, Kondo Y, et al. Post-intensive care syndrome : its pathophysiology, prevention, and future directions. Acute Med Surg. 2019 ; 6 : 233-46.
PubMed
3) Cameron J, Herridge MS, Tansey CM, et al. Well-being in informal caregivers of survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Critical Care Medicine. 2006. 34 : 81.
PubMed
4) Fumis RR, Ranzani OT, Martins PS, et al. Emotional disorders in pairs of patients and their family members during and after ICU stay. PLoS One. 2015 ; 10 : p. e0115332.
PubMed
5) Rosendahl J, Brunkborst FM, Jaenichen D, et al. Physical and mental health in patients and spouses after intensive care of severe sepsis : a dyadic perspective on long-term sequelae testing the actor-partner interdependence Model. Critical Care Medicine. 2013 ; 41 : 69-75.
 
P.82 掲載の参考文献
1) Davidson JE, Jones C, Bienvenu OJ. Family response to critical illness : Postintensive care syndrome-family. Crit Care Med. 2012. 40 : 618-24.
PubMed
2) Harvey MA, Davidson JE. Postintensive care syndrome : right care, right now… and later. Crit Care Med. 2016. 44 : 381-5.
 
3) Siegel MD, Hayes E, Vanderwerker LC, et al. Psychiatric illness in the next of kin of patients who die in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2008. 36 : 1722-8.
PubMed
4) Gries CJ, Engelberg RA, Kross EK, et al. Predictors of symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression in family members after patient death in the ICU. Chest. 2010. 137 : 280-7.
PubMed
5) Kentish-Barnes N, Chaize M, Seegers V, et al. Complicated grief after death of a relative in the intensive care unit. Eur Respir J. 2015. 45 : 1341-52.
PubMed
6) Azoulay E, Pochard F, Kentish-Barnes N, et al. Risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms in family members of intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005. 171 : 987-94.
PubMed
7) Torke AM, Sachs GA, Helft PR, et al. Scope and outcomes of surrogate decision making among hospitalized older adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2014. 174 : 370-7.
PubMed
P.85 掲載の参考文献
1) Day A, Haj-Bakri S, Lubchansky S, et al. Sleep, anxiety and fatigue in family members of patients admitted to the intensive care unit : a questionnaire study. Crit Care. 2013 ; 17 : R91.
 
2) Choi J, Tate JA, Donahoe MP, et al. Sleep in family caregivers of ICU survivors for two months post-ICU discharge. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2016 ; 37 : 11-8.
PubMed
3) Al Maghaireh DF, Abdullah KL, Chong MC, et al. Stress, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance among Jordanian mothers and fathers of infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit : A preliminary study. J Pediatr Nurs. 2017 ; 36 : 132-40.
PubMed
4) Verceles AC, Corwin DS, Afshar M, et al. Half of the family members of critically ill patients experience excessive daytime sleepiness. Intensive Care Med. 2014 ; 40 : 1124-31.
PubMed
P.89 掲載の参考文献
1) Glavan BJ, Engelberg RA, Downey L, et al. Using the medical record to evaluate the quality of end-of-life care in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2008 ; 36 : 1138.
 
2) Day A, Haj-Bakri S, Lubchansky S, et al. Sleep, anxiety and fatigue in family members of patients admitted to the intensive care unit : a questionnaire study. Crit Care. 2013 ; 17 : R91.
 
3) Kentish-Barnes N, Lemiale V, Chaize M, et al. Assessing burden in families of critical care patients. Crit Care Med. 2009 ; 37 : S448-S456.
PubMed

VI PICS - P

P.93 掲載の参考文献
1) Ong C, Lee JH, Leow MKS, et al. Functional outcomes and physical impairments in pediatric critical care survivors : a scoping review. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2016 ; 17 : e247-59.
PubMed
2) Pinto NP, Rhinesmith EW, Kim TY, et al. Long-term function after pediatric critical illness : results from the survivor outcomes study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017 ; 18 : e122-30.
PubMed
3) Inoue S, Hatakeyama J, Kondo Y, et al. Post-intensive care syndrome : its pathophysiology, prevention, and future directions. Acute Med Surg. 2019 ; 6 : 233-46.
PubMed
4) Manning JC, Pinto NP, Rennick JE, et al. Conceptualizing post intensive care syndrome in children-The PICS-p Framework. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018 ; 19 : 298-300.
 
5) Fink EL, Watson RS. PICS-p : It is about time (and family)! But how did adult medicine beat pediatrics to a holistic view of the patient? Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018 ; 19 : 375-7.
 
6) Pollack MM, Holubkov R, Glass P, et al. Functional status scale : new pediatric outcome measure. Pediatrics. 2009 ; 124 : e18-28.
PubMed

VII 予防と治療

P.98 掲載の参考文献
1) Vasilevskis EE, Ely EW, Speroff T, et al. Reducing iatrogenic risks : ICU-acquired delirium and weakness-crossing the quality chasm. Chest. 2010 ; 138 : 1224-33.
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2) Ely EW. The ABCDEF Bundle : science and philosophy of how ICU liberation serves patients and families. Crit Care Med. 2017 ; 45 : 321-30.
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3) Davidson JE, Harvey MA, Schuller J. Post-intensive care syndrome : What it is and how to help prevent it. Am Nurse Today. 2013 ; 8 : 32-8.
 
4) Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gelinas C, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018 ; 46 : e825-e873.
PubMed
5) 日本集中治療医学会J-PADガイドライン作成委員会. 日本版・集中治療室における成人重症患者に対する痛み・不穏・せん妄管理のための臨床ガイドライン. 日集中医誌. 2014 ; 21 : 544, Table 3.
 
6) 日本集中治療医学会J-PADガイドライン作成委員会. 日本版・集中治療室における成人重症患者に対する痛み・不穏・せん妄管理のための臨床ガイドライン. 日集中医誌. 2014 ; 21 : 544, Table 4.
 
7) Seymour CW, Pandharipande PP, Koestner T, et al. Diurnal sedative changes during intensive care : impact on liberation from mechanical ventilation and delirium. Crit Care Med. 2012 ; 40 : 2788-96.
PubMed
8) Robinson TN, Raeburn CD, Tran ZV, et al. Motor subtypes of postoperative delirium in older adults. Arch Surg. 2011 ; 146 : 295-300.
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9) 日本集中治療医学会J-PADガイドライン作成委員会. 日本版・集中治療室における成人重症患者に対する痛み・不穏・せん妄管理のための臨床ガイドライン. 日集中医誌. 2014 ; 21 : 558, Table 13.
 
10) 日本集中治療医学会J-PADガイドライン作成委員会. 日本版・集中治療室における成人重症患者に対する痛み・不穏・せん妄管理のための臨床ガイドライン. 日集中医誌. 2014 ; 21 : 559, Table 14.
 
11) Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, et al. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients : a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 ; 373 (9678) : 1874-82.
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P.106 掲載の参考文献
1) Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gelinas C, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018 ; 46 : e825-e873.
PubMed
2) Myhren H, Ekeberg O, Toien K, et al. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression symptoms in patients during the first year post intensive care unit discharge. Crit Care. 2010 ; 14 : R14.
PubMed
3) Girard TD, Kress JP, Fuchs BD, et al. Efficacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (Awakening and Breathing Controlled trial) : a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008 ; 371 (9607) : 126-34.
 
4) Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Herr DL, et al. Effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine vs lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients : the MENDS randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007 ; 298 : 2644-53.
 
5) Riker RR, Shehabi Y, Bokesch PM, et al. Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for sedation of critically ill patients : a randomized trial. JAMA. 2009 ; 301 : 489-99.
PubMed
6) Ely EW, Shintani A, Truman B, et al. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. JAMA. 2004 ; 291 : 1753-62.
PubMed
7) Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Jackson JC, et al. Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. N Engl J Med. 2013 ; 369 : 1306-16.
PubMed
8) Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, et al. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients : a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 ; 373 (9678) : 1874-82.
PubMed
9) Phipps LM, Bartke CN, Spear DA, et al. Assessment of parental presence during bedside pediatric intensive care unit rounds : effect on duration, teaching, and privacy. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2007 ; 8 : 220-4.
PubMed
10) Usher MG, Fanning C, Wu D, et al. Information handoff and outcomes of critically ill patients transferred between hospitals. J Crit Care. 2016 ; 36 : 240-45.
PubMed
11) Jones C, Backman C, Capuzzo M, et al. Intensive care diaries reduce new onset post traumatic stress disorder following critical illness : a randomised, controlled trial. Crit Care. 2010 ; 14 : R168.
PubMed
12) Balas MC, Vasilevskis EE, Olsen KM, et al. Effectiveness and safety of the awakening and breathing coordination, delirium monitoring/management, and early exercise/mobility bundle. Crit Care Med. 2014 ; 42 : 1024-36.
PubMed
13) Barnes-Daly MA, Phillips G, Ely EW. Improving hospital survival and reducing brain dysfunction at Seven California Community Hospitals : implementing PAD Guidelines via the ABCDEF bundle in 6,064 patients. Crit Care Med. 2017 ; 45 : 171-8.
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14) Pun BT, Balas MC, Barnes-Daly MA, et al. Caring for critically Ill patients with the ABCDEF Bundle : results of the ICU liberation collaborative in Over 15,000 adults. Crit Care Med. 2019 ; 47 : 3-14.
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15) Morandi A, Piva S, Ely EW, et al. Worldwide survey of the "assessing pain, both spontaneous awakening and breathing trials, choice of drugs, delirium monitoring/management, early exercise/mobility, and family empowerment" (ABCDEF) bundle. Crit Care Med. 2017 ; 45 : e1111-e22.
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16) 日本集中治療学会 PICS対策・生活の質改善検討委員会. 本邦の診療現場におけるPICSの実態調査に関するアンケート. 2019.
 

VIII 早期リハビリテーション, 理学療法

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1) Elliott D, Davidson JE, Harvey MA, et al. Exploring the scope of post-intensive care syndrome therapy and care : engagement of non-critical care providers and survivors in a second stakeholders meeting. Crit Care Med. 2014 ; 42 : 2518-26.
 
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1) Latronico N, Bolton CF. Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy : a major cause of muscle weakness and paralysis. Lancet Neurol. 2011 ; 10 : 931-41.
 
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2) Machado ADS, Pires-Neto RC, Carvalho MTX, et al. Effects that passive cycling exercise have on muscle strength, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of hospital stay in critically ill patients : a randomized clinical trial. J Bras Pneumo. 2017 43 : 134-9.
 
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5) Schaller SJ, Scheffenbichler FT, Bose S, et al. Influence of the initial level of consciousness on early, goal-directed mobilization : a post hoc analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2019 ; 45 : 201-10.
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6) Fuke R, Hifumi T, Kondo Y, et al. Early rehabilitation to prevent postintensive care syndrome in patients with critical illness : a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2018 ; 8 : e019998.
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IX 栄養管理

P.126 掲載の参考文献
1) Lew CCH, Yandell R, Fraser RJL, et al. Association between malnutrition and clinical outcomes in the intensive care unit : a systematic review. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2017 ; 41 : 744-58.
 
2) Cederholm T, Jensen G, Correia M, et al. The GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition-a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. Clin Nutr. 2019 ; 38 : 1-9.
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4) Fetterplace K, Beach LJ, Maclsaac C, et al. Associations between nutritional energy delivery, bioimpedance spectroscopy and functional outcomes in survivors of critical illness. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2019. doi : 10.1111/jhn.12659.
 
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1) Villet S, Chiolero RL, Bollmann MD, et al. Negative impact of hypocaloric feeding and energy balance on clinical outcome in ICU patients. Clin Nutr. 2005 ; 24 : 502-9.
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2) McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically Ill patient : Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016 ; 40 : 159-211.
 
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6) Reignier J, Boisram-Helms J, Brisard L, et al. Enteral versus parenteral early nutrition in ventilated adults with shock : a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group study (NUTRIREA-2). Lancet. 2018 ; 391 (10116) : 133-43.
 
7) Doig GS, Simpson F, Finfer S, et al. Effect of evidence-based feeding guidelines on mortality of critically ill adults : a cluster randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008 ; 300 : 2731-41.
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8) 中村謙介. どのような栄養療法が推奨される? -いつ開始して, いつまでに, どれくらいのカロリーを目指す? INTENSIVIST. 2019 ; 4 : 245-55.
 
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1) Inoue S, Hatakeyama J, Kondo Y, et al. Post-intensive care syndrome : its pathophysiology, prevention, and future directions. Acute Med Surg. 2019 ; 6 : 233-46.
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2) Wischmeyer PE, Hasselmann M, Kummerlen C, et al. A randomized trial of supplemental parenteral nutrition in underweight and overweight critically ill patients : the TOP-UP pilot trial. Crit Care. 2017 ; 21 : 142.
 
3) Weijs PJ, Dickerson RN, Heyland DK, et al. Experimental and outcome-based approaches to protein requirements in the intensive care unit. Nutr Clin Pract. 2017 ; 32 (1_suppl) : 77S-85S.
 
4) Casaer MP, Langouche L, Coudyzer W, et al. Impact of early parenteral nutrition on muscle and adipose tissue compartments during critical illness. Crit Care Med. 2013 ; 41 : 2298-309.
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5) Allingstrup MJ, Kondrup J, Wiis J, et al. Early goal-directed nutrition versus standard of care in adult intensive care patients : the single-centre, randomised, outcome assessor-blinded EAT-ICU trial. Intensive Care Med. 2017 ; 43 : 1637-47.
 
6) Casaer MP, Wilmer A, Hermans G, et al. Role of disease and macronutrient dose in the randomized controlled EPaNIC trial : a post hoc analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 ; 187 : 247-55.
 
7) Singer P, Blaser AR, Berger MM, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clin Nutr. 2018 ; 38 : 48-79.
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8) Needham DM, Dinglas VD, Bienvenu OJ, et al. One year outcomes in patients with acute lung injury randomised to initial trophic or full enteral feeding : prospective follow-up of EDEN randomised trial. BMJ. 2013 ; 346 : f1532.
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10) Allingstrup MJ, Esmailzadeh N, Wilkens Knudsen A, et al. Provision of protein and energy in relation to measured requirements in intensive care patients. Clin Nutr. 2012 ; 31 : 462-8.
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2) McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient : Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2016 ; 40 : 159-211.
 
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4) Allingstrup MJ, Kondrup J, Wiis J, et al. Early goal-directed nutrition versus standard of care in adult intensive care patients : the single-centre, randomised, outcome assessor-blinded EAT-ICU trial. Intensive Care Med. 2017 ; 43 : 1637-47.
 
5) Wischmeyer PE, Hasselmann M, Kummerlen C, et al. A randomized trial of supplemental parenteral nutrition in underweight and overweight critically ill patients : The TOP-UP pilot trial. Crit Care. 2017 ; 21 : 1-14.
 
6) Heyland DK, Patel J, Bear D, et al. The effect of higher protein dosing in critically ill patients : A multicenter registry-based randomized trial : The EFFORT Trial. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2019 ; 43 : 326-34.
 

X 環境整備・日記

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4) Torke AM, Sachs GA, Helft PR, et al. Scope and outcomes of surrogate decision making among hospitalized older adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2014. 174 : 370-7.
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5) Lautrette, A, Darmon M, Megarbane B, et al. et al. A communication strategy and brochure for relatives of patients dying in the ICU. N Engl J Med. 2007. 356 : 469-78.
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6) Curtis JR, Treece PD, Nielsen EL, et al. Randomized trial of communication facilitators to reduce family distress and intensity of end-of-life care. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 ; 193 : 154-62.
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XI 看護ケア

P.156 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本集中治療医学会, 日本救急医学会合同. 日本版敗血症診療ガイドライン2016作成特別委員会. 日本版敗血症ガイドライン 2016. 日本集中治療医学会雑誌. 2017 ; 24 Suppl 2 : S1-232.
 
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3) Jackson JC, Santoro MJ, Ely TM, et al. Improving patient care through the prism of psychology : application of Maslow's Hierarchy to Sedation, Delirium and Early Mobility in the ICU. J Crit Care. 2014 ; 29 : 438-44.
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1) 厚生労働省通知 保医発0305 第2号. 平成30年3月5日.
 
2) Young DL, Seltzer J, Glover M, et al. Identifying barriers to nurse-facilitated patient mobility in the intensive care unit. Am J Crit Care. 2018 ; 27 : 186-93.
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8) Azoulay E, Pochard F, Chevret S, et al. Impact of a family information leaflet on effectiveness of information provided to family members of intensive care unit patients : a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 ; 165 : 438-42.
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10) Fuke R, Hifumi T, Kondo Y, et al. Early rehabilitation to prevent postintensive care syndrome in patients with critical illness : a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2018 ; 8 : e019998.
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11) Bernhardt J, Churilov L, Ellery F, et al. Prespecified dose-response analysis for A Very Early Rehabilitation Trial (AVERT). Neurology. 2016 ; 86 : 2138-45.
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12) Cortes OL, DiCenso A, McKelvie R. Mobilization patterns of patients after an acute myocardial infarction : a pilot study. Clin Nurs Res. 2015 ; 24 : 139-55.
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2) Cappellini E, Bambi S, Lucchini A, et al. Open intensive care units : a global challenge for patients, relatives, and critical care teams. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2014 ; 33 : 181-93.
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3) 百田武司, 木村勇喜, 中山奨. 日本の集中治療室における面会の実態調査 (第1報) 面会の機会拡大に向けての検討. 日本赤十字広島看護大学紀要. 2014 ; 14 : 19-27.
 
4) 一二三亨, 河合佑亮, 宇都宮明美, 他. 日本集中治療医学会PICS対策・生活の質改善検討委員会. 本邦の診療現場におけるPICSの実態調査. 日本集中治療医学会誌. 2019 ; 26 : 467-75.
 
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6) Rosa RG, Falavigna M, da Silva DB, et al. Effect of flexible family visitation on delirium among patients in the intensive care unit : The ICU visits randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019 ; 322 : 216-28.
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7) Ramos FJ, Fumis RR, de Azevedo LC, et al. Intensive care unit visitation policies in Brazil : a multicenter survey. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2014 ; 26 : 339-46.
 

XII 多職種連携

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12) 厚生労働省. 2019年度第8回入院医療等の調査・評価分科会資料 入-1. 令和元年9月26日. 2019.
 
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XIII PICS外来・フォローアップ

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2) Van Der Schaaf M, Bakhshi-Raiez F, Van Der Steen M, et al. Recommendations for intensive care follow-up clinics ; report from a survey and conference of Dutch intensive cares. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015 ; 81 : 135-44.
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3) Kjer CKW, Estrup S, Poulsen LM, et al. Follow-up after intensive care treatment : a questionnaire survey of intensive care aftercare in Denmark. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2017 ; 61 : 925-34.
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4) 中村謙介, 小豆畑丈夫, 横田裕行, 他. 高齢者における救急疾患治療後の嚥下障害. 日本救急医学会雑誌. 2019 ; 30 : 103-9.
 
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2) Elliott D, Davidson JE, Harvey MA, et al. Exploring the scope of post-intensive care syndrome therapy and care : engagement of non-critical care providers and survivors in a second stakeholders meeting. Crit Care Med. 2014 ; 42 : 2518-26.
 

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