1) Ahtela, E et al : Trends in occurrence and 30-day mortality of infective endocarditis in adults : population-based registry study in Finland. BMJ Open 9 : e026811, 2019
2) Habib, G et al : Clinical presentation, aetiology and outcome of infective endocarditis. Results of the ESC-EORP EURO-ENDO (European infective endocarditis) registry : a prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J 40 : 3222-3232, 2019
3) Hasbun, R et al : Complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis in adults : risk classification for mortality. JAMA 289 : 1933-1940, 2003
4) Nadji, G et al : Heart failure in left-sided native valve infective endocarditis : characteristics, prognosis, and results of surgical treatment. Eur J Heart Fail 11 : 668-675, 2009
5) Olmos, C et al : Comparison of clinical features of left-sided infective endocarditis involving previously normal versus previously abnormal valves. Am J Cardiol 114 : 278-283, 2014
6) Roux, V et al : Coronary events complicating infective endocarditis. Heart 103 : 1906-1910, 2017
7) Anguera, I et al : Periannular complications in infective endocarditis involving prosthetic aortic valves. Am J Cardiol 98 : 1261-1268, 2006
8) Di Salvo, G et al : Echocardiography predicts embolic events in infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 37 : 1069-1076, 2001
9) Okazaki, S et al : Acute ischemic brain lesions in infective endocarditis : incidence, related factors, and postoperative outcome. Cerebrovasc Dis 35 : 155-162, 2013
10) Park, LP et al : Validated risk score for predicting 6-month mortality in infective endocarditis. J Am Heart Assoc 5 : e003016, 2016
11) Yoshioka, D et al : Impact of early surgical treatment on postoperative neurologic outcome for active infective endocarditis complicated by cerebral infarction. Ann Thorac Surg 94 : 489-495 ; discussion 496, 2012
12) Mohananey, D et al : Association of vegetation size with embolic risk in patients with infective endocarditis : a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 178 : 502-510, 2018
13) Suzuki, K et al : Results of surgical management of infective endocarditis associated with Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 56 : 30-37, 2019
14) Dickerman, SA et al : The relationship between the initiation of antimicrobial therapy and the incidence of stroke in infective endocarditis : an analysis from the ICE Prospective Cohort Study (ICE-PCS). Am Heart J 154 : 1086-1094, 2007
15) Olmos, C et al : The evolving nature of infective endocarditis in Spain : a population-based study (2003 to 2014). J Am Coll Cardiol 70 : 2795-2804, 2017
16) Pant, S et al : Trends in infective endocarditis incidence, microbiology, and valve replacement in the United States from 2000 to 2011. J Am Coll Cardiol 65 : 2070-2076, 2015
17) van den Brink, FS et al : Increased incidence of infective endocarditis after the 2009 European Society of Cardiology guideline update : a nationwide study in the Netherlands. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 3 : 141-147, 2017
18) Dayer, MJ et al : Incidence of infective endocarditis in England, 2000-13 : a secular trend, interrupted time-series analysis. Lancet 385 : 1219-1228, 2015
19) Garcia-Cabrera, E et al : Neurological complications of infective endocarditis : risk factors, outcome, and impact of cardiac surgery : a multicenter observational study. Circulation 127 : 2272-2284, 2013
20) Ostergaard, L et al : Incidence of infective endocarditis among patients considered at high risk. Eur Heart J 39 : 623-629, 2018
21) Ostergaard, L et al : Incidence of infective endocarditis in patients considered at moderate risk. Eur Heart J 40 : 1355-1361, 2019
22) Movahed, MR et al : Increased prevalence of infectious endocarditis in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 21 : 403-406, 2007
23) Critchley, JA et al : Glycemic control and risk of infections among people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in a large primary care cohort study. Diabetes Care 41 : 2127-2135, 2018
24) Ostergaard, L et al : Duration and complications of diabetes mellitus and the associated risk of infective endocarditis. Int J Cardiol 278 : 280-284, 2019
25) Yoshioka, D et al : Diabetes mellitus adversely affects mortality and recurrence after valve surgery for infective endocarditis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 155 : 1021-1029.e5, 2018
26) Abbott, KC et al : Hospitalizations for bacterial endocarditis after initiation of chronic dialysis in the United States. Nephron 91 : 203-209, 2002
27) Chaudry, MS et al : Risk of infective endocarditis in patients with end stage renal disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 12 : 1814-1822, 2017
28) Deo, SV et al : Admissions for infective endocarditis in intravenous drug users. J Am Coll Cardiol 71 : 1596-1597, 2018
29) Ostergaard, L et al : Prevalence of infective endocarditis in patients with positive blood cultures : a Danish nationwide study. Eur Heart J 40 : 3237-3244, 2019
30) Nakatani, S et al : Recent picture of infective endocarditis in Japan -lessons from Cardiac Disease Registration (CADRE-IE). Circ J 77 : 1558-1564, 2013
31) Li, JS et al : Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 30 : 633-638, 2000
32) Habib, G et al : 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis : The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by : European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J 36 : 3075-3128, 2015
33) 日本循環器学会 : 感染性心内膜炎の予防と治療に関するガイドライン (2017年改訂版). https://www.j-circ.or.jp/cms/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/JCS2017_nakatani_h.pdf (2020年10月閲覧)
34) Murdoch, DR et al : Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century : the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med 169 : 463-473, 2009
35) Chu, VH et al : Association between surgical indications, operative risk, and clinical outcome in infective endocarditis : a prospective study from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis. Circulation 131 : 131-140, 2015
36) Yokoyama, J et al : Surgery-first treatment improves clinical results in infective endocarditis complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 56 : 785-792, 2019
37) Matsuura, R et al : Effect of the initial strategy for active endocarditis complicated with acute heart failure. Circ J 82 : 2896-2904, 2018
38) Byrne, JG et al : Surgical management of endocarditis : the society of thoracic surgeons clinical practice guideline. Ann Thorac Surg 91 : 2012-2019, 2011
39) Eishi, K et al : Surgical management of infective endocarditis associated with cerebral complications. Multi-center retrospective study in Japan. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 110 : 1745-1755, 1995
40) Thuny, F et al : Risk of embolism and death in infective endocarditis : prognostic value of echocardiography : a prospective multicenter study. Circulation 112 : 69-75, 2005
41) Ghoreishi, M et al : Early operation in patients with mitral valve infective endocarditis and acute stroke is safe. Ann Thorac Surg 105 : 69-75, 2018
42) Okita, Y et al : Optimal timing of surgery for active infective endocarditis with cerebral complications : a Japanese multicentre study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 50 : 374-382, 2016
43) Snygg-Martin, U et al : Cerebrovascular complications in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis are common : a prospective study using magnetic resonance imaging and neurochemical brain damage markers. Clin Infect Dis 47 : 23-30, 2008
44) Iung, B et al : Determinants of cerebral lesions in endocarditis on systematic cerebral magnetic resonance imaging : a prospective study. Stroke 44 : 3056-3062, 2013
45) Samura, T et al : Emergency valve surgery improves clinical results in patients with infective endocarditis complicated with acute cerebral infarction : analysis using propensity score matching. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 56 : 942-949, 2019
46) Baddour, LM et al : Infective endocarditis in adults : diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications : a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 132 : 1435-1486, 2015
47) Yoshioka, D et al : Valve surgery in active endocarditis patients complicated by intracranial haemorrhage : the influence of the timing of surgery on neurological outcomes. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 45 : 1082-1088, 2014
48) Ohira, S et al : Prediction of early postoperative cerebral hemorrhage in infective endocarditis patients using magnetic resonance imaging. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 62 : 608-613, 2014
49) Okazaki, S et al : Cerebral microbleeds predict impending intracranial hemorrhage in infective endocarditis. Cerebrovasc Dis 32 : 483-488, 2011
50) Yoshioka, D et al : Anemia is a risk factor of new intraoperative hemorrhagic stroke during valve surgery for endocarditis. Ann Thorac Surg 100 : 16-23, 2015
51) Yoshioka, D et al : Recent surgical results for active endocarditis complicated with perivalvular abscess. Circ J 81 : 1721-1729, 2017
52) Lee, HA et al : Nationwide cohort study of mitral valve repair versus replacement for infective endocarditis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 156 : 1473-1483.e2, 2018
53) Savage, EB et al : Outcomes and prosthesis choice for active aortic valve infective endocarditis : analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database. Ann Thorac Surg 98 : 806-814, 2014
54) Tao, E et al : The prognosis of infective endocarditis treated with biological valves versus mechanical valves : A meta-analysis. PLoS One 12 : e0174519, 2017
55) Toyoda, N et al : Bioprosthetic versus mechanical valve replacement for infective endocarditis : focus on recurrence rates. Ann Thorac Surg 106 : 99-106, 2018
56) Kyto, V et al : Mechanical versus biological valve prosthesis for surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with infective endocarditis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 29 : 386-392, 2019