間脳・下垂体レビュー 2021

出版社: Silex Press
著者:
発行日: 2021-04-30
分野: 臨床医学:内科  >  脳神経科学/神経内科学
電子書籍版: 2021-04-30 (第1版第1刷)
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商品紹介

本書『間脳・下垂体レビュー 2021』は、2016年から2020年7月までに公開された間脳・下垂体疾患関係の英文論文のなかから、特に重要と思われる244本を編者がピックアップし、30秒で読めるようコンパクトに解説したものです。
それぞれの論文のSummaryは、直訳ではなく、執筆・監修者が、論文をどのように読み、臨床的な意義を求めたかというオピニオンをまとめ、読者自身に当該論文を手に取って読んでいただくためのガイドとして編集しました。

目次

  • 1.下垂体腫瘍総論/病理分類
    2.成長ホルモン産生腺腫
    3.プロラクチン産生腺腫
    4.ACTH産生腺腫
    5.TSH産生腺腫
    6.非機能性下垂体腺腫
    7.偶発的下垂体腺腫(インシデンタローマ)
    8.下垂体癌/悪性腫瘍の下垂体転移
    9.頭蓋咽頭腫
    10.ラトケ嚢胞
    11.下垂体の炎症性疾患
    12.下垂体後葉腫瘍
    13.手術療法
    14.画像診断
    15.下垂体機能低下症
    16.下垂体卒中
    17.その他

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

1. 下垂体腫瘍総論 / 病理分類

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1) Inoshita N, et al. The 2017 WHO classification of pituitary adenoma : overview and comments. Brain Tumor PatholApr 35 : 51-56, 2018.
2) Shibuya M, et al. Welcoming the new WHO classification of pituitary tumors 2017 : revolution in TTF-1-positive posterior pituitary tumors. Brain Tumor Pathol 35 : 62-70, 2018.
3) Asa SL, et al. From pituitary adenoma to pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) : an International Pituitary Pathology Club proposal. Endocr Relat Cancer 24 : C5-C8, 2017.
P.6 掲載の参考文献
1) Asa SL, et al. From pituitary adenoma to pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) : an International Pituitary Pathology Club proposal. Endocr Relat Cancer 24 (4) : C5-C8, 2017.
2) 江川 新一 他 : 膵癌登録報告 2007 ダイジェスト : 膵臓 Vol. 23, Number. 2 p105-123, 2008.
3) Miermeister CP, et al. Histological criteria for atypical pituitary adenomas-data from the German pituitary adenoma registry suggests modifications. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 3 : 50, 2015.
4) Alshaikh OM, et al. An Institutional Experience of Tumor Progression to Pituitary Carcinoma in a 15-Year Cohort of 1055 Consecutive Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors. Endocr Pathol 30 (2) : 118-127, 2019.
5) Asa SL, et al. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) : nomenclature evolution, not clinical revolution. Pituitary 2019 Dec 13.
P.8 掲載の参考文献
1) Miermeister CP, et al. Histological criteria for atypical pituitary adenomas-data from the German pituitary adenoma registry suggests modifications. Acta Neuropathol Commun 3 : 50, 2015.
P.10 掲載の参考文献
1) Lloyd R., ed. WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs IARC WHO Classification of Tumours. World Health Organization ; 4 edition (July 26, 2017) 2017.
2) Tortosa F, et al. Adenomas hipofisarios atipicos : experiencia de 10 anos en un centro de referencia de Portugal Neurologia 31 : 97-105, 2016.
3) Rutkowski MJ, et al. Atypical pituitary adenoma : a clinicopathologic case series. J Neurosurg 1-8. DOI : 10.3171/2016.12.JNS162126, 2017.
P.12 掲載の参考文献
1) Kontogeorgos G, et al. Multiple adenomas of the human pituitary. A retrospective autopsy study with clinical implications. J Neurosurg 74 (2) : 243-247, 1991.
2) Zielinski G, et al. Double, synchronous pituitary adenomas causing acromegaly and Cushing's disease. A case report and review of literature. Endocr Pathol 24 (2) : 92-99, 2013.
3) Magri F, et al. Prevalence of double pituitary adenomas in a surgical series : clinical, histological and genetic features. J Endocrinol Invest 33 (5) : 325-33, 2010.
4) Ogando-Rivas E, et al. Double pituitary adenomas are most commonly associated with GH- and ACTH-secreting tumors : systematic review of the literature. Pituitary 20 (6) : 702-708, 2017.
5) Lopes MBS : The 2017 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the pituitary gland : a summary. Acta Neuropathol 134 (4) : 521-535, 2017.
6) Osamura RY, et al. Pituitary adenoma. In WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs 4 版, WHO, 14-17, 2017.
P.13 掲載の参考文献
1) Raverot G, et al. European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas. Eur J Endocrinol Jan ; 178 (1) : G1-G24, 2018.
2) Hirohata T, et al. DNA mismatch repair protein (MSH6) correlated with the responses of atypical pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas to temozolomide : the national cooperative study by the Japan Society for Hypothalamic and Pituitary Tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98 : 1130-1136, 2013.
P.15 掲載の参考文献
1) Collado M, et al. Cellular senescence in cancer and aging. Cell. 2007 ; 130 : 223-233.
P.17 掲載の参考文献
1) Park C-K, et al. Usefulness of MS-MLPA for detection of MGMT promoter methylation in the evaluation of pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients. Neuro Oneal. 13 : 195-202, 2011
2) Asa SL, et al. From pituitary adenoma to pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) : an International Pituitary Pathology Club proposal. Endocr Relat Cancer 24 : C5-C8, 2017
P.19 掲載の参考文献
1) Trouillas J, et al. A new prognostic clinicopathological classification of pituitary adenomas : a multicentric case-control study of 410 patients with 8 years post-operative follow-up. Acta Neuropathol 126 : 123-135, 2013.
2) Lelotte J, et al. Both invasiveness and proliferation criteria predict recurrence of non- functioning pituitary macroadenomas after surgery : a retrospective analysis of a monocentric cohort of 120 patients. Eur J Endocrinol 178 (3) : 237-246, 2018.
P.22 掲載の参考文献
1) Inoshita N, Nishioka H. The 2017 WHO classification of pituitary adenoma : overview and comments. Brain Tumor Pathol 35 : 51-56, 2018.
2) Lopes MBS. The 2017 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the pituitary gland : a summary. Acta Neuropathol 134 (4) : 521-53, 2017.
3) Yamada S., et al. Gonadotoroph adenoma. in Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs. 4th, World Health Organization, 34-36, 2017.
4) Lloid RV., et al. WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs (World Health Organization Classification of Tumours) 4th, World Health Organization, 11-54, 2017.
P.24 掲載の参考文献
1) Lynch HT, et al. Hereditary colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 348 (10) : 919-932, 2003.
2) Bengtsson D, et al. Corticotroph pituitary carcinoma in a patient with Lynch syndrome (LS) and pituitary tumors in a nationwide LS cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102 (11) : 3928-3932, 2017.

2. 成長ホルモン産生腺腫

P.33 掲載の参考文献
1) Urbanek M, et al. Expression of a human growth hormone (hGH) receptor isoform is predicted by tissue-specific alternative splicing of exon 3 of the hGH receptor gene transcript. Mol Endocrinol 1992 ; 6 : 279-87
P.34 掲載の参考文献
1) Valimaki N, et al. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Growth Hormone (GH) -Secreting Pituitary Adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100 : 3918-27, 2015
2) Trivellin G, et al. Gigantism and Acromegaly Due to Xq26 Microduplications and GPR101 Mutation (N Engl J Med, 2014)
P.41 掲載の参考文献
1) 片上秀喜 ほか. 先端巨大症・巨人症の発症率と有病率について : 宮崎県 (人口100万人) での検討. 日本内分泌学会雑誌. 2006 ; 82 (1), 100.
P.43 掲載の参考文献
1) Molitch ME. Clinical manifestations of acromegaly. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 21 (3) : 597-614, 1992.
P.45 掲載の参考文献
1) Yonenaga M, et al. Postoperative Changes in Metabolic Parameters of Patients with Surgically Controlled Acromegaly : Assessment of New Stringent Cure Criteria. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 58 : 147-155, 2018.
2) Mori K, et al. Improvement of insulin resistance following transsphenoidal surgery in patients with acromegaly : correlation with serum IGF-I levels. J Endocrinol Invest 36 : 853-859, 2013.
P.46 掲載の参考文献
1) Wright AD, et al. Mortality in acromegaly. Q J Med 39 (153) : 1-16, 1970.
2) Alexander L, et al. Epidemiology of acromegaly in the Newcastle region. Clinical Endocrinology 12 : 71-79, 1980.
3) Shimatsu A, et al. Long-term survival and cardiovascular complications in patients with acromegaly and pituitary gigantism. J Endocrinol Invest 21 : 55-57, 1998.
P.47 掲載の参考文献
1) Pivonello R, et al. Complications of acromegaly : cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic comorbidities. Pituitary. 20 : 46-62, 2017.
P.49 掲載の参考文献
1) Yoshida K, et al. The quality of life in acromegalic patients with biochemical remission by surgery alone is superior to that in those with pharmaceutical therapy without radiotherapy, using the newly developed Japanese version of the AcroQoL. Pituitary 18 : 876-883, 2015.
2) Fujio S, et al. Changes in quality of life in patients with acromegaly after surgical remission-A prospective study using SF-36 questionnaire. Endocr J 64 : 27-38, 2017.
P.51 掲載の参考文献
1) Scaroni C, et al. Paradoxical GH increase during OGTT is associated to first-generation somatostatin analogs responsiveness in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 104 : 856-862, 2019.
2) Occhi G, et al. The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor is overexpressed amongst GNAS1 mutation-negative somatotropinomas and drives growth hormone (GH) -promoter activity in GH3 cells. J Neuroendocrinol 23 : 641-649, 2011.
3) Regazzo D, et al. The GIP/GIPR axis is functionally linked to GH-secretion increase in a significant proportion of gsp (-) somatotropinomas. Eur J Endocrinol 176 : 543-553, 2017.
4) Arita H, et al. Biological characteristics of growth hormone-producing pituitary adenomas are different according to responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97 : 2741-2747, 2012.
P.53 掲載の参考文献
1) De Marinis L, et al. Preoperative growth hormone response to thyrotropin releasing hormone and oral glucose tolerance test in acromegaly : a retrospective evaluation of SO patients. Metabolism 51 : 616-621, 2002.
2) Arita H, et al. Biological characteristics of growth hormone-producing pituitary adenomas are different according to responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97 : 2741-2747, 2012.
P.55 掲載の参考文献
1) Mukai K, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Acromegalic Patients With Paradoxical GH Response to Oral Glucose Load. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 104 (5) : 1637-1644, 2019.
2) Scaroni C, et al. Paradoxical GH Increase During OGTT Is Associated With First-Generation Somatostatin Analog Responsiveness in Acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 104 (3) : 856-862, 2019.
3) Reznik Y, et al. Food-dependent Cushing's syndrome mediated by aberrant adrenal sensitivity to gastric inhibitory polypeptide. N Engl J Med 327 (14) : 981-986, 1992.
4) Lecoq AL, et al. Adrenal GIPR expression and chromosome 19q13 microduplications in GIP-dependent Cushing's syndrome. JCI Insight 2 (18) : e92184, 2017.
P.56 掲載の参考文献
1) Orme SM, et al : Mortality and cancer incidence in acromegaly : a retrospective cohort study. United Kingdom Acromegaly Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 ; 83 (8) : 2730-4.
P.57 掲載の参考文献
1) Orme SM, et al. Mortality and cancer incidence in acromegaly : a retrospective cohort study. United Kingdom Acromegaly Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 (8) : 2730-4, 1998.
2) Petroff D, et al. The Incidence of Cancer Among Acromegaly Patients : Results From the German Acromegaly Registry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100 (10) : 3894-902, 2015.
P.58 掲載の参考文献
1) Rokkas T, et al. Risk of colorectal neoplasm in patients with acromegaly : a meta-analysis. World Journal of Gastroenterology 14 : 3484-3489, 2008.
2) Wolinski K, et al. Risk of malignant neoplasms in acromegaly : a case-control study. J Endocrinol Invest 40 : 319-322, 2017.
P.59 掲載の参考文献
1) Melmed S, et al. A consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly complications. Pituitary 16 : 294-302, 2013.
2) Iwamoto M, et al. Colonoscopy examination requires a longer time in patients with acromegaly than in other individuals. Endocr J. 2017 [Epub ahead of print]
3) Tirosh A, et al. Complications of acromegaly : thyroid and colon. Pituitary 20 : 70-75, 2017.
P.61 掲載の参考文献
1) Faglia G, et al. Thyrotropin secretion in patients with central hypothyroidism : evidence for reduced biological activity of immunoreactive thyrotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 48 (6) : 989-998, 1979.
2) Fleseriu M, et al. Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Pretreatment Endocrine Evaluation of Patients With Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas. Neurosurgery 79 (4) : E527-529, 2016.
3) Gasperi M, et al. Acromegaly Study Group of the Italian Society of Endocrinology. Prevalence of thyroid diseases in patients with acromegaly : results of an Italian multi-center study. J Endocrinol Invest 25 (3) : 240-5, 2002.
P.63 掲載の参考文献
1) Rokkas T, et al. Risk of colorectal neoplasm in patients with acromegaly : a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 14 (22) : 3484-9, 2008.
2) Wolinski K, et al. Risk of malignant neoplasms in acromegaly : a case-control study. J Endocrinol Invest 40 : 319-322, 2017.
P.66 掲載の参考文献
1) Verrua E, et al. Reevaluation of Acromegalic Patients in Long-Term Remission according to Newly Proposed Consensus Criteria for Control of Disease. Int J Endocrinol, 2014.
P.67 掲載の参考文献
1) Lopes MBS. The 2017 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the pituitary gland : a summary. Acta Neuropathol 134 : 521-535, 2017.
P.68 掲載の参考文献
1) Mehta GU, et al. Effect of primary empty sella syndrome on pituitary surgery for Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg. 2014 ; 121 (3) : 518-26
2) Liu W, et al. Growth hormone secreting pituitary microadenomas and empty sella-An under-recognized association? Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2014 ; 126 : 18-23
P.69 掲載の参考文献
1) Bakhtiar Y, et al. Geometric survey on magnetic resonance imaging of growth hormone producing pituitary. Pituitary 17 : 142-149, 2014.
P.70 掲載の参考文献
1) Kinoshita Y, et al. Clinical features and natural course of acromegaly in patients with discordance in the nadir GH level on the ral glucose test and the IGF-1 value at 3 months after adenomectomy. Neurosurg Rev. 2016 ; 39 (2) : 313-8
P.74 掲載の参考文献
1) Gatto F, et al. Immunoreactivity score using an anti-sst2A receptor monoclonal antibody strongly predicts the biochemical response to adjuvant treatment with somatostatin analogs in acromegaly. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 98 : E66-E71, 2013.
2) Wildemberg LE, et al. Low somatostatin receptor subtype 2, but not dopamine receptor subtype 2 expression predicts the lack of biochemical response of somatotropinomas to treatment with somatostatin analogs. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 36 38-43, 2013.
3) Gatto F, et al. beta-Arrestin 1 and 2 and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 expression in pituitary adenomas : role in the regulation of response to somatostatin analogue treatment in patients with acromegaly. Endocrinology 154 4715-4725, 2013.
P.75 掲載の参考文献
1) Heck A, et al. Intensity of pituitary adenoma on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging predicts the response to octreotide treatment in newly diagnosed acromegaly. Clin. Endocrinol (Oxf.) 77, 72-78, 2012.
2) Shen M, et al. Predictive value of T2 relative signal intensity for response to somatostatin analogs in newly diagnosed acromegaly. Neuroradiology 58 (11) : 1057-1065, 2016.
P.77 掲載の参考文献
1) Abu Dabrh AM, et al. Surgical Interventions and Medical Treatments in Treatment-Naive Patients With Acromegaly : Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99 : 4003-4014, 2014.
2) Colao A, et al. Partial Surgical Removal of Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Tumors Enhances the Response to Somatostatin Analogs in Acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 9 : 85-92, 2006.
3) Katznelson L, et al. Endocrine Society. Acromegaly : an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99 : 3933-3951, 2014.
4) Karaca Z, et al. Comparison of primary octreotide-LAR and surgical treatment in newly diagnosed patients with acromegaly. Clin Endocrinol 75 : 678-6784, 2011.
P.78 掲載の参考文献
1) Bakhtiar Y, et al. Geometric survey on magnetic resonance imaging of growth hormone producing pituitary adenoma. Pituitary 17, 142-149, 2014.
2) Heck A, et al. Intensity of pituitary adenoma on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging predicts the response to octreotide treatment in newly diagnosed acromegaly. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 77, 72-78, 2012.
3) Potorac I, et al. Pituitary MRI characteristics in 297 acromegaly patients based on T2-weighted sequences. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 22, 169-177, 2015.
P.80 掲載の参考文献
1) Muhammad A, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Pasireotide in Patients With Acromegaly Controlled With Pegvisomant and First-Generation Somatostatin Analogues (PAPE Study). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103 : : 586-595, 2018.
2) Ma P, et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic comparison of a novel multi ligand somatostatin analog, SOM230, with octreotide in patients with acromegaly. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 78 : 69-80, 2005.
3) Colao A, et al. Pasireotide C2305 Study Group. Pasireotide versus octreotide in acromegaly : a head-to-head superiority study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99 : 791-799, 2014.
4) Iacovazzo D, et al. Factors predicting pasireotide responsiveness in somatotroph pituitary adenomas resistant to firstgeneration somatostatin analogues : an immunohistochemical study. European journal of endocrinology 174 : 241-250, 2016.
5) Gatto F, et al. Low beta-arrestin expression correlates with the responsiveness to long-term somatostatin analog treatment in acromegaly. Eur J Endocrinol 174 : 651-662, 2016.
P.82 掲載の参考文献
1) Shen M, et al. Predictive value of T2 relative signal intensity for response to somatostatin analogs in newly diagnosed acromegaly. Neuroradiology. 2016 ; 58 (11) : 1057-1065
2) Iacovazzo D, et al. Factors predicting pasireotide responsiveness in somatotroph pituitary adenomas resistant to firstgeneration somatostatin analogues : an immunohistochemical study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016 ; 174 (2) : 241-50
3) Bakhtiar Y, et al. Relationship between cytokeratin staining patterns and clinico-pathological features in somatotropinomae. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010 ; 163 (4) : 531-9
P.85 掲載の参考文献
1) Trainer PJ, et al. Treatment of acromegaly with the growth hormone-recepto rantagonist pegvisomant. NEJM 342 : 1171-1177, 2000.
2) Van der Lely AJ, et al. Long-term safety of pegvisomant in patients with acromegaly : comprehensive review of 1288 subjects in ACROSTUDY. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 97 : 1589-1597, 2012.
3) Strasburger CJ, et al. Increasing frequency of combination medical therapy in the treatment of acromegaly with the GH receptor antagonist pegvisomant. European Journal of Endocrinology 178 : 321-329, 2018.
4) Shimatsu A, et al. Efficacy and safety or monotherapy by pegvisomant, a growth hormone receptor antagonist, in Japanese patient with acromegaly. Endocrine Journal 63 : 337-347, 2016.
5) Neggers SJ, et al. Conversion of daily pegvisomant to weekly pegvisomant combined with long-acting somatostatin analogs, in controlled acromegaly patients. Pituitary 14 : 253-258, 2011.
P.86 掲載の参考文献
1) Trainer PJ, et al. Treatment of acromegaly with the growth hormone-recepto rantagonist pegvisomant. New England Journal of Medicine 342 (16) : 1171-1117, 2000.
2) Buchfelder M, et al. Long-term treatment with pegvisomant : observations from 2090 acromegaly patients in ACROSTUDY. Eur J Endocrinol 179 (6) : 419-427, 2018.
3) Bianch A, et al. Long-term treatment of somatostatin analog-refractory growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors with pegvisomant alone or combined with long-acting somatostatin analogs : a retrospective analysis of clinical practice and outcomes. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 32 : 40, 2013.
P.87 掲載の参考文献
1) Colao A, et al. Pasireotide versus octteotide in acrornegaly : a head-to-head superiority study. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 99 : 791-799, 2014.
2) Iacovazzo D, et al. Factors predicting pasireotide responsiveness in somatotroph pituitary adenomas resistant to first-generation somatostatin analogues : an immunohistochemical study. Eur J Endocrinol, 2016.
P.88 掲載の参考文献
1) Colao A, et al. Pasireotide versus octreotide in acromegaly : a head-to-head superiority study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 ; 99 : 791-9.
P.91 掲載の参考文献
1) Sheehan JP, et al. Gamma Knife surgery for pituitary adenomas : factors related to radiological and endocrine outcomes. J Neurosurg. 2011 ; 114 (2) : 303-9.
P.94 掲載の参考文献
1) Petrossians P, et al. Acromegaly at diagnosis in 3173 patients from the Liege Acromegaly Survey (LAS) Database. Endocr Relat Cancer Oct ; 24 (10) : 505-518, 2017.
2) Wilson PJ, et al. Acromegaly : a single centre's experience of stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy for growth hormone secreting pituitary tumours with the linear accelerator. J Clin Neurosci Nov ; 20 (11) : 1506-13, 2013.
3) Bakhtiar Y, et al. Geometric survey on magnetic resonance imaging of growth hormone producing pituitary adenoma. Pituitary Apr ; 17 (2) : 142-9, 2014.
4) Ding D, et al. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Acromegaly : An International Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. Neurosurgery Mar 1 ; 84 (3) : 717-725, 2019.
P.96 掲載の参考文献
1) Ding D, et al. Treatment paradigms for pituitary adenomas : defining the roles of radiosurgery and radiation therapy. J Neurooncol 117 : 445-457, 2014.
2) Landolt AM, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent surgically treated acromegaly : comparison with fractionated radiotherapy. J Neurosurg 88 : 1002-1008, 1998.
3) Ikeda H, et al. Gamma knife radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas : usefulness of combined transsphenoidal and gamma knife radiosurgery for adenomas invading the cavernous sinus. Radiat Oncol Investig 6 : 26-34, 1998.
4) Landolt AM, et al. Octreotide may act as a radioprotective agent in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85 : 1287-1289, 2000.
5) Castinetti F, et al. Outcome of gamma knife radiosurgery in 82 patients with acromegaly : correlation with initial hypersecretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 90 : 4483-4488, 2005.
P.98 掲載の参考文献
2) Erickson D, et al. Silent subtype 3 pituitary adenoma : a clinicopathologic analysis of the Mayo Clinic experience. Clin Endocrinol 71 : 92-99, 2009.
3) Daly AF, et al. Clinical characteristics and therapeutic responses in patients with germ-line AIP mutations and pituitary adenomas : an international collaborative study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95 : E373-83, 2010.
4) Pack SD, et al. Genetic and histologic studies of somatomammotropic pituitary tumors in patients with the "complex of spotty skin pigmentation, myxomas, endocrine overactivity and schwannomas" (Carney complex). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85 : 3860-3865, 2000.
5) Nishioka H, et al. Aggressive transsphenoidal resection of tumors invading the cavernous sinus in patients with acromegaly : predictive factors, strategies, and outcomes. J Neurosurg 121 : 505-510, 2014.

3. プロラクチン産生腺腫

P.104 掲載の参考文献
1) Kawaguchi T, et al. Diagnostic pitfalls of hyperprolactinemia : the importance of sequential pituitary imaging. BMC Res Notes 7 : 555, 2014.
2) Bevan JS, et al. Misinterpretation of prolactin levels leading to management errors in patients with sellar enlargement. Am J Med 82 : 29-32, 1987.
3) Casanueva FF, et al. Guidelines of the Pituitary Society for the diagnosis and management of prolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 65 : 265-273, 2006.
4) Melmed S, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia : an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96 : 273-288, 2011
P.106 掲載の参考文献
1) Deng H, et al. A variant of estrogen receptor-α, ER-α 36 is expressed in human gastric cancer and is highly correlated with lymph node metastasis. Oncol Rep 24 : 171-176, 2010.
2) Wang Q, et al. Tamoxifen enhances stemness and promotes metastasis of ER α 36+ breast cancer by upregulating ALDH1A1 in cancer cells. Cell Res 28 : 336, 2018.
3) Zheng Y, et al. Quantitative profiles of the mRNAs of ER-α and its novel variant ER-α 36 in breast cancers and matched normal tissues. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 11 : 144-150, 2010.
4) Delgrange E, et al. Expression of estrogen receptor alpha is associated with prolactin pituitary tumor prognosis and supports the sex-related difference in tumor growth. Eur J Endocrinol 172 : 791-801, 2015.
P.108 掲載の参考文献
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1) Ono M, et al. Prospective study of high-dose cabergoline treatment of prolactinomas in 150 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93 : 4721-4727, 2008.
2) Ono M, et al. Individualized high-dose cabergoline therapy for hyperprolactinemic infertility in women with micro- and macroprolactinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95 : 2672-2679, 2010.
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1) Shimon I, et al. Giant prolactinomas larger than 60 mm in size : a cohort of massive and aggressive prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Pituitary. 2016 ; 19 (4) : 429-36
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1) Casanueva FF, et al. Guidelines of the Pituitary Society for the diagnosis and management of prolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol. 2006 ; 65 : 265-273
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1) Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency : Ergot-derived dopamine agonists : risk of fibrotic reactions. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency 2008
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1) Eguchi K, et al. Effect of cabergoline, a dopamine agonist, on estrogen-induced rat pituitary tumors : in vitro culture studies. Endocr J. 42 : 413, 1995
2) Eguchi K, et al. In vivo effect of cabergoline, a dopamine agonist, on estrogen-induced rat pituitary tumors. Endocr J 42 : 153, 1995
3) Ono M, et al. Individualized high-dose cabergoline therapy for hyperprolactinemic infertility in women with micro- and macroprolactinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 95 : 2672, 2010
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1) Casanueva FF, et al. Guidelines of the Pituitary Society for the diagnosis and management of prolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 65 : 265-273, 2006.
2) Melmed S, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia : an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96 : 273-288, 2011.
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1) Teixeira M, et al. Prolactinoma management : predictors of remission and recurrence after dopamine agonists withdrawal. Pituitary 20 : 464-470, 2017.
2) Casanueva FF, et al. Guidelines of the Pituitary Society for the diagnosis and management of prolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 65 : 265-273, 2006.
3) Melmed S, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia : an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96 : 273-288, 2011.
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1) Cooper O, et al. Prolactinoma ErbB receptor expression and targeted therapy for aggressive tumors. Endocrine. 2014 ; 46 (2) : 318-32
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1) Recouvreux MV, et al : Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) analogs ABT-510 and ABT-898 inhibit prolactinoma growth and recover active pituitary transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Endocrinology. 2012 ; 153 (8) : 3861-71
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1) McCormack A, et al. ESE survey collaborators. Treatment of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas : results of a European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) survey 2016. Eur J Endocrinol 178 : 265-276, 2018.
2) Hirohata T, et al. DNA mismatch repair protein (MSH6) correlated with the responses of atypical pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas to temozolomide : the national cooperative study by the Japan Society for Hypothalamic and Pituitary Tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98 : 1130-1136, 2013.
3) Almalki MH, et al. Temozolomide therapy for resistant prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas and carcinomas : a systematic review. Hormones (Athens) 16 : 139-149, 2017.

4. ACTH 産生腺腫

P.128 掲載の参考文献
1) Martin Reincke, et al. Mutations in the deubiquitinase gene USP8 cause Cushing's disease. : Nature Genetics, 47, 31-38 (2015)
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1) Reincke M, et al. Mutations in the deubiquitinase gene USP8 cause Cushing's disease. Nat Genet 47 : 31-38, 2015.
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3) Ma ZY, et al. Recurrent gain-of-function USP8 mutations in Cushing's disease. Cell Res 25 : 306-317, 2015.
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1) Reincke, M, et al. Mutations in the deubiquitinase gene USP8 cause Cushing's disease. Nat Genet 47 : 31-38, 2015.
2) Ma ZY, et al. Recurrent gain-of-function USP8 mutations in Cushing's disease. Cell Res 25 : 306-317. 2015.
3) Fujio S, et al. A Clinical Rule for Preoperative Prediction of BRAF Mutation Status in Craniopharyngiomas. Neurosurgery 85 (2) : 204-210, 2019.
4) Song ZJ, et al. The genome-wide mutational landscape of pituitary adenomas. Cell Res 26 : 1255-1259, 2016.
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1) Bolland MJ, et al. Mortality and morbidity in Cushing's syndrome in New Zealand. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 75 (4) : 436-442, 2011.
2) Broder MS, et al. Incidence of Cushing's syndrome and Cushing's disease in commercially-insured patients < 65 years old in the United States. Pituitary 18 (3) : 283-289, 2015.
3) The committee of brain tumor registry of Japan : Report of Brain Tumor Registry of Japan (1984-2000). Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 49 Suppl : 9, 2009.
P.135 掲載の参考文献
1) Coli A, et al. Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 as prognostic marker of tumor aggressiveness in pituitary adenoma patients. Eur J Endocrinol 174 (3) : 307, 2016.
P.137 掲載の参考文献
1) Grober M, et al. Comparison of MRI techniques for detecting microadenomas in Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg, 2017. [Epub ahead of print]
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1) Newell-Price J, et al. Cushing's syndrome. Lancet 367 : 1605-1617, 2006.
2) Chatain GP, et al. Potential utility of FLAIR in MRI-negative Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg 129 : 620-628, 2018.
3) Grober Y, et al. Comparison of MRI techniques for detecting microadenomas in Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg. 128 : 1051-1057, 2018.
4) de Rotte AA, et al. Feasibility of high-resolution pituitary MRI at 7.0 tesla. Eur Radiol. 24 : 2005-11, 2014.
5) Hall WA, et al. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in normal human volunteers : occult adenomas in the general population. Ann Intern Med 120 : 817-82, 1994.
6) Freda PU, et al. Pituitary Incidentaloma : An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 9 : 894-904, 2011.
P.142 掲載の参考文献
1) Mitsuya K, et al. Ectopic growth hormone-releasing adenoma in the cavernous sinus-case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 44 : 380-385, 2004.
2) Koulouri O, et al. A role for 11C-methionine PET imaging in ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 173 : M107-20, 2015.
3) Kuyumcu S et al. Physiological and tumoral uptake of (68) Ga-DOTATATE : standardized uptake values and challenges in interpretation. Ann Nucl Med 27 (6) : 538-545, 2013.
4) Knappe UJ, et al. Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormonesecreting pituitary adenomas : an underestimated entity. Neurosurgery 80 : 525-533, 2017.
P.144 掲載の参考文献
1) Yamada S, et al. Surgical management and outcomes in patients with Cushing disease with negative pituitary magnetic resonance imaging. World Neurosurg. 77 : 525-532, 2012.
2) Carr SB, et al. Negative surgical exploration in patients with Cushing's disease : benefit of two-thirds gland resection on remission rate and a review of the literature. J Neurosurg 129 (5) : 1260-1267, 2018.
3) Pivonello R, et al. The Treatment of Cushing's Disease. Endocr Rev 36 (4) : 385-486, 2015.
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5) Chabre O, et al. Letter to the editor : "Why we should still treat by neurosurgery patients with Cushing's disease and a normal or inconclusive pituitary MRI". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 Jul 5.
6) Langlois F, et al. Pituitary-Directed Therapies for Cushing's Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 9 : 164, 2018.
P.146 掲載の参考文献
1) Yamada S, et al. Surgical management and outcomes in patients with Cushing disease with negative pituitary magnetic resonance imaging. World Neurosurg 77 : 525-532, 2012.
2) Chatain GP, et al. Potential utility of FLAIR in MRI-negative Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg 129 : 620-628, 2018.
3) Grober Y, et al. Comparison of MRI techniques for detecting microadenomas in Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg 128 : 1051-1057, 2018.
P.148 掲載の参考文献
1) Asuzu D, et al. Normalized Early Postoperative Cortisol and ACTH Values Predict Nonremission After Surgery for Cushing Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102 : 2179-2187, 2017.
2) Ram Z, et al. Early repeat surgery for persistent Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg 80 : 37-45, 1994.
3) Lindsay JR, et al. The postoperative basal cortisol and CRH tests for prediction of long-term remission from Cushing's disease after transsphenoidal surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96 : 2057-2064, 2011.
4) Aranda G, et al. Long-term remission and recurrence rate in a cohort of Cushing's disease : the need for long-term follow-up. Pituitary 18 : 142-149, 2015.
P.150 掲載の参考文献
1) Roelfsema F, et al. Clinical factors involved in the recurrence of pituitary adenomas after surgical remission : A structured review and meta-analysis. Pituitary. 2012 ; 15 (1) : 71-83.
2) Locatelli M, et al. The strategy of immediate reoperation for transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 ; 90 (9) : 5478-5482.
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1) Ritzel K, et al. Clinical review : Outcome of bilateral adrenalectomy in Cushing's syndrome : a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98 (10) : 3939-3948, 2013.
2) Kelly PA, et al. Neurosurgical treatment of Nelson's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 (12) : 5465-5469, 2002.
3) Kemink SA, et al. Management of Nelson's syndrome : observations in fifteen patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 54 (1) : 45-52, 2001.
4) Perez-Rivas LG, et al. Somatic USP8 mutations are frequent events in corticotroph tumor progression causing Nelson's tumor. Eur J Endocrinol 178 (1) : 57-63, 2018.
P.155 掲載の参考文献
1) Colao A, et al. A 12-month phase 3 study of pasireotide in Cushing's disease. N Engl J Med 366 : 914-924, 2012.
2) Silverstein JM. Hyperglycemia induced by pasireotide in patients with Cushing's disease or acromegaly. Pituitary 19 : 536-543, 2016.
P.158 掲載の参考文献
1) Broersen LHA, et al. Endoscopic vs. microscopic transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pituitary 21 (5) : 524-534, 2018.
3) Langlois F, et al. Pituitary-Directed Therapies for Cushing's Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 9 : 164, 2018.

5. TSH 産生腺腫

P.163 掲載の参考文献
1) Sapkota S, et al. Whole-Exome Sequencing Study of Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102 : 566-575, 2017.
2) Losa M, et al. Criteria of cure and follow-up of central hyperthyroidism due to thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 : 3084-3090, 1996.
3) Fujio S, et al. Thyroid storm induced by TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma : a case report. Endocr J 61 : 1131-1136, 2014.
P.167 掲載の参考文献
1) Beck-Peccoz P, et al. European thyroid association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors. Eur Thyroid J 2 : 76-82, 2013.
2) Cossu G, et al. Messerer M. Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas : a systematic review and meta-analysis of postoperative outcomes and management. Pituitary 22 : 79-88, 2019.
3) Yamada S, et al. Clinicopathological characteristics and therapeutic outcomes in thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas : a single-center study of 90 cases. J Neurosurg. 121 : 1462-73, 2014.
4) Losa M, et al. Surgical management of thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Pituitary 2 : 127-131, 1999.

6. 非機能性下垂体腺腫

P.172 掲載の参考文献
1) Lloyd RV, et al. WHO classification of tumours of endocirne organs, 4th edn. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 2017.
2) Asa SL, et al. From pituitary adenoma to pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) : an International Pituitary Pathology Club proposal. Endocr Relat Cancer 24 : C5-C8, 2017.
3) Lopes MBS. The 2017 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the pituitary gland : a summary. Acta Neuropathol 134 : 521-535, 2017.
P.174 掲載の参考文献
1) Nishioka H, et al. Null cell adenoma. In : Lloyd RV, Osamura RY, Kloppel G, Rosai J (eds) WHO classification of tumours of the endocrine organs, vol 10. International Agency For Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, pp 37-38.
2) Nishioka H, et al. The complementary role of transcription factors in the accurate diagnosis of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Endocr Pathol 26 (4) : 349-355, 2015.
3) Yamada S, et al. Gonadotroph adenoma. In : Lloyd RV, Osamura RY, Kloppel G, Rosai J (eds) WHO classification of tumours of the endocrineorgans, vol 10. International Agency For Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, pp 34-36.
P.176 掲載の参考文献
1) Lloyd RV, et al. WHO classification of tumours of endocirne organs, 4th edn. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 2017.
2) Mete O, et al. Overview of the 2017 WHO Classification of Pituitary Tumors. Endocr Pathol 28 : 228-243, 2017.
3) Casar-Borota O, et al. Immunohistochemistry for transcription factor T-Pit as a tool in diagnostics of corticotroph pituitary tumours. Pituitary 21 : 443, 2018.
4) Nishioka H, et al. The complementary role of transcription factors in the accurate diagnosis of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Endocr Pathol 26 : 349-355, 2015.
P.177 掲載の参考文献
1) Olsson DS, et al. Excess Mortality in Women and Young Adults With Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma : A Swedish Nationwide Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jul ; 100 (7) : 2651-2658
P.178 掲載の参考文献
1) Bokhari AR, et al. Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery : a single surgeon experience and the learning curve. Br J Neurosurg 27 : 44-49, 2013.
2) Chi F, et al. A learning curve of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma. J Craniofac Surg 24 : 2064-2067, 2013.
3) Leach P, et al. Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery : evidence of an operative learning curve. Neurosurgery 67 : 1205-1212, 2010.
P.180 掲載の参考文献
1) Liu J, et al. Comparison of pituitary adenomas in elderly and younger adults : clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and prognosis. J Am Geriatr Soc 63 : 1924-1930, 2015.
2) 健康長寿ネット (https://www.tyojyu.or.jp/net/byouki/frailty/index.html)
P.181 掲載の参考文献
1) 「科学的根拠 (evidence) に基づく白内障診療ガイドラインの策定に関する研究」厚生科学研究補助金 (21世紀型医療開拓推進研究事業 : EBM分野)
P.182 掲載の参考文献
1) Schwartz TH, et al. Increased frequency of cataract surgery in patients over age 50 with pituitary macroadenomas and chiasmal compression. Pituitary [Epub ahead of print], 2019.
P.183 掲載の参考文献
1) Halupczok J, et al. Ovarian hyperstimulation caused by gonadotroph pituitary adenoma-review. Adv Clin Exp Med 24 : 695, 2015.
3) 原田省, ほか. OHSSの発生原因とその管理-日本産科婦人科学会, 1998.
P.186 掲載の参考文献
2) Surov A, et al. Associations between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and KI 67 in different tumors : a meta-analysis. Part 1 : ADCmean. Oncotarget 8 : 75434-75444, 2017.
3) Pierallini A, et al. Pituitary macroadenomas : preoperative evaluation of consistency with diffusion-weighted MR imaging-initial experience. Radiology 239 : 223-231, 2006.
4) Yiping L, et al. Prediction of the consistency of pituitary adenoma : a comparative study on diffusion weighted imaging and pathological results. J Neuroradiol 43 : 186-194, 2016.
P.188 掲載の参考文献
1) Pomeraniec IJ, et al. Early versus late Gamma Knife radiosurgery following transsphenoidal resection for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas : a matched cohort study. J Neurosurg. 2016 ; 125 (1) : 202-12
P.191 掲載の参考文献
1) Kinoshita Y, et al. The surgical side effects of pseudocapsular resection in non-functioning pituitary adenomas. World Neurosurg 93 : 430-435, 2016.
P.192 掲載の参考文献
1) Arafah BM, et al. Reversible hypopituitarism in patients with large nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 62 : 1173-1179, 1986.
2) Arafah BM, et al. Immediate recovery of pituitary function after transsphenoidal resection of pituitary macroadenomas. J Clin Endocri nol Metab 79 : 348-354, 1994.
3) Tominaga A, et al. Anterior pituitary function in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma : results of longitudinal follow-up. Endocr J. 4 : 421-7, 1995.
4) Nomikos P, et al. Impact of primary surgery on pituitary function in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas--a study on 721 patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 146 : 27-35, 2004.
P.194 掲載の参考文献
1) Cury ML, et al. Non-functioning pituitary adenomas : clinical feature, laboratorial and imaging assessment, therapeutic management and outcome. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 53 : 31-39, 2009.
2) Jahangiri A, et al. Improved versus worsened endocrine function after transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctional pituitary adenomas : rate, time course, and radiological analysis. J Neurosurg 124 : 589-595, 2016.
P.197 掲載の参考文献
1) Xu Z, et al. Hypopituitarism after stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas. Neurosurgery 72 (4) : 630-637, 2013.
P.199 掲載の参考文献
1) Pivonello R, et al. Dopamine receptor expression and function in clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumors : comparison with the effectiveness of cabergoline treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 : 1674-1683, 2004.
2) Padova H, et al. Effects of selective somatostatin analogs and cortistatin on cell viability in cultured human non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 286 : 214-218, 2008.
3) Lopes MBS. The 2017 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the pituitary gland : a summary. Acta Neuropathol 134 : 521-535, 2017.

7. 偶発的下垂体腫瘍 ( インシデンタローマ )

P.202 掲載の参考文献
1) Molitch ME. Management of incidentally found nonfunctional pituitary tumors. Neurosurg Clin N Am 23 : 543-53, 2012.
2) Arita K, et al. Natural course of incidentally found nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma, with special reference to pituitary apoplexy during follow-up examination. J Neurosurg 104 : 884- 891, 2006.
3) Lenders N, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of the natural history of conservatively managed nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 84 (2) : 222-228. 2016.
4) Kinoshita Y, et al. Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in elderly patients. J Clin Neurosci 7 : 127-131, 2018.
P.204 掲載の参考文献
1) 脳ドックのガイドライン 2019 改訂委員会編 : 脳ドックのガイドライン 2019. 一般社団法人 日本脳ドック学会, pp 75, 2019
2) Hasanov R, et al. The Prognostic Roles of the Ki-67 Proliferation Index, P53 Expression, Mitotic Index, and Radiological Tumor Invasion in Pituitary Adenomas. Endocr Pathol. 30 (1) : 49-55, 2019.
3) Knosp E, et al. Pituitary adenomas with invasion of the cavernous sinus space : a magnetic resonance imaging classification compared with surgical findings. Neurosurgery. 33 (4) : 610-7, 1993.
P.206 掲載の参考文献
1) Schmalisch K, et al. Predictors for visual dysfunction in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas-implications for neurosurgical management. Clin Endocrinol 77 (5) : 728-734, 2012.
2) Luomaranta T, et al. Factors affecting the visual outcome of pituitary adenoma patients treated with endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. World Neurosurg 105 : 422-431, 2017.
3) Gan L, Ma et al. The predictive value of suprasellar extension for visual function evaluation in chinese patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma with optic chiasm compression. World Neurosurg 116 : e960-e96, 2018.
4) Eda M et al. Demonstration of the optic pathway in large pituitary adenoma on heavily T2 weighted MR images. Br J Neurosurg 16 (1) : 21-29, 2002.

8. 下垂体癌 / 悪性腫瘍の下垂体転移

P.211 掲載の参考文献
1) Miermeister CP, et al. Histological criteria for atypical pituitary adenomas-data from the German pituitary adenoma registry suggests modifications. Acta Neuropathol Commun 19 : 50 2015.
2) Asa SL, et al. From pituitary adenoma to pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) : an International Pituitary Pathology Club proposal. Endocr Relat Cancer 24 : C5-C8, 2017.
P.213 掲載の参考文献
1) McCormack A, et al. Treatment of Aggressive Pituitary Tumours and Carcinomas : Results of a European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) Survey 2016. Eur J Endocrinol 178 (3), 265-276, 2018.
2) Raverot G, et al. European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas. Eur J Endocrinol 178 (1) : G1-G24, 2018.
3) Hirohata T, et al. DNA mismatch repair protein (MSH6) correlated with the responses of atypical pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas to temozolomide : the national cooperative study by the Japan Society for Hypothalamic and Pituitary Tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98 (3) : 1130-1136, 2013.
P.215 掲載の参考文献
1) Osamura RY, et al. Secondary tumours. in WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs, 4 版, WHO, 63-64, 2017.
2) Habu M, et al. Pituitary metastases : current practice in Japan. J Neurosurg 123 (4) : 998-1007, 2015.
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1) Habu M, et al. Pituitary metastases : current practice in Japan. J Neurosurg. 2015 ; 123 (4) : 998-1007.
2) Iwai Y, et al. Radiosurgery for pituitary metastases. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2004 Mar ; 44 (3) : 112-6.

9. 頭蓋咽頭腫

P.222 掲載の参考文献
2) Yue Q et al. Prediction of BRAF mutation status of craniopharyngioma using magnetic resonance imaging features. J Neurosurg., 2017, Oct, [Epub ahead of print]
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1) Buslei R, et al. Common mutations of beta-catenin in adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas but not in other tumours originating from the sellar region. Acta Neuropathol ; 109 : 589-597, 2005.
2) Brastianos PK, et al. Exome sequencing identifies BRAF mutations in papillary craniopharyngiomas. Nat Genet 46 : 161-165, 2014.
3) Brastianos PK, et al. Dramatic Response of BRAF V600E Mutant Papillary Craniopharyngioma to Targeted Therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 23 : 108, 2015.
P.224 掲載の参考文献
1) Chapman PB, et al. Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. The New England Journal of Medicine 364 : 2507-2516, 2011.
2) Aylwin SJB, et al. Pronounced response of papillary craniopharyngioma to treatment with vemurafenib, a BRAF inhibitor. Pituitary 19 : 544-546, 2016.
P.225 掲載の参考文献
1) Brastianos PK, et al. Exome sequencing identifies BRAF mutations in papillary craniopharyngiomas. Nat Genet 46 : 161-165, 2014.
2) Holsken A, et al. Adamantinomatous and papillary craniopharyngiomas are characterized by distinct epigenomic as well as mutational and transcriptomic profiles. Acta Neuropathol Commun 4 : 20, 2016.
P.227 掲載の参考文献
1) Brastianos PK, et al. Exome sequencing identifies BRAF mutations in papillary craniopharyngiomas. Nat Genet 46 : 161-165, 2014.
2) Brastianos PK, et al. Dramatic Response of BRAF V600E Mutant Papillary Craniopharyngioma to Targeted Therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 108 : 2015
3) Rostami E, et al. Recurrent papillary craniopharyngioma with BRAFV600E mutation treated with neoadjuvant-targeted therapy. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 159 : 2217-2221, 2017
P.229 掲載の参考文献
1) Yamada S, et al. Surgical outcome in 90 patients with craniopharyngioma : an evaluation of transsphenoidal surgery. World Neurosurg 74 : 320-330, 2010.
2) Cavallo LM, et al. The endoscopic endonasal approach for the management of craniopharyngiomas : a series of 103 patients. J Neurosurg 121 : 100-113, 2014.
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1) Li K, et al. Association of pituitary stalk management with endocrine outcomes and recurrence in microsurgery of craniopharyngiomas : a metaanalysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 136 : 20-24, 2015.
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1) Li Q, et al. All-trans retinoic acid inhibits craniopharyngioma cell growth : study on an explant cell model. J Neurooncol 112 : 355-364, 2013.

10. ラトケ嚢胞

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3) Xu Z, et al. Hypopituitarism after stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas. Neurosurgery 72 (4) : 630-637, 2013.

11. 下垂体の炎症性疾患

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1) Ricciuti A, et al. Detection of pituitary antibodies by immunofluorescence : approach and results in patients with pituitary diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 ; 99 (5) : 1758-66

12. 下垂体後葉腫瘍

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13. 手術療法

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3) Zara M et al. This is what I got from the American rhinologic society discussion board.
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1) Zara M et al. This is what I got from the American rhinologic society discussion board.
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14. 画像診断

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3) Yamamoto A, et al. Influence of age and sex on signal intensities of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland on T1-weighted images from 3 T MRI. Jpn J Radiol 31 : 186-192, 2013.
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3) Morota N, et al. Anatomical variants in the floor of the third ventricle ; implications for endoscopic third ventriculostomy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 69 : 531-534, 2000.

15. 下垂体機能低下症

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2) Can A, et al. Pituitary Dysfunction After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurosurgery 79 : 253-264, 2016.
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1) Chihara K, et al. Adult GH deficiency in Japanese patients : effects of GH treatment in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Endocrinol. 151 : 343-50, 2004.
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1) Rasmussen MH, et al. Reversible albumin-binding GH possesses a potential once-weekly treatment profile in adult growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101 : 988-998, 2016.
2) Rasmussen MH, et al. A reversible albumin-binding growth hormone derivative is well-tolerated and possesses a potential once-weekly treatment profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99 : E1819-E1829, 2014.
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1) Battelino T, et al. Somapacitan, a once-weekly reversible albumin-binding GH derivative, in children with GH deficiency : A randomized dose-escalation trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 87 (4) : 350-358, 2017.
2) Rasmussen MH, et al. Reversible Albumin-Binding GH Possesses a Potential Once-Weekly Treatment Profile in Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101 (3) : 988-98, 2016.
3) Rasmussen MH, et al. A reversible albumin-binding growth hormone derivative is well tolerated and possesses a potential once-weekly treatment profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99 (10) : E1819-29, 2014.
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3) Daubenbuchel AM, et al. Oxytocin in survivors of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma. Endocrine 54 (2) : 524-531, 2016.
4) Wetsel WC, et al. In vivo biosynthesis of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in hypothalami from intact and hypophysectomized rats. Endocrinology 120 (6) : 2562-2568, 1987.
5) Cook N, et al. Parent observed neuro-behavioral and pro-social improvements with oxytocin following surgical resection of craniopharyngioma. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 29 (8) : 995-1000, 2016.
6) Hsu EA, et al. Oxytocin and Naltrexone Successfully Treat Hypothalamic Obesity in a Boy Post-Craniopharyngioma Resection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103 (2) : 370-375, 2018.

16. 下垂体卒中

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1) Arita K, et al. Thickening of sphenoid sinus mucosa during the acute stage of pituitary apoplexy. J Neurosurg 95 : 897-901, 2001.
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1) Jho DH, et al. Pituitary apoplexy : large surgical series with grading system. World Neurosurg 82 : 781-90, 2014.
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3) Semple PL, et al. Pituitary apoplexy : do histological features influence the clinical presentation and outcome? J Neurosurg 104 : 931-937, 2006.
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1) Rajasekaran S, et al. UK guidelines for the management of pituitary apoplexy, May 2010. Clinical Endocrinology (Oxf) 74 : 9-20, 2011.
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1) Liu JK, et al. Laparoscopic anterior lumbar interbody fusion precipitating pituitary apoplexy. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 14 : 303-306, 2001.
2) Akakin A, et al. A case of pituitary apoplexy following posterior lumbar fusion surgery. J Neurosurg Spine 23 : 598-601, 2015.

17. その他

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4) Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, et al. Clinical implications of growth hormone-secreting tumor subtypes. Endocrine 42 : 18-28, 2012.
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1) 健康長寿ネット (https://www.tyojyu.or.jp/net/byouki/frailty)
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