1) 内閣府 : 令和3年版高齢社会白書 (概要版), 2021 (http://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/whitepaper/w-2018/gaiyou/pdf/1s1s.pdf)
2) Dent E et al : Management of frailty : opportunities, challenges, and future directions. Lancet 394 : 1376-1386, 2019
3) Hjelmborg JB et al : Genetic influence on human lifespan and longevity. Hum Genet 119 : 312-321, 2006
4) Falck RS et al : Impact of exercise training on physical and cognitive function among older adults : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurobiol Aging 79 : 119-130, 2019
5) Christensen K et al : Perceived age as clinically useful biomarker of ageing : cohort study. BMJ 339 : b5262, 2009
6) Elliott ML et al : Disparities in the pace of biological aging among midlife adults of the same chronological age have implications for future frailty risk and policy. Nat Aging 1 : 295-308, 2021
7) Jan Vijg et al : Puzzles, promises and a cure for ageing. Nature 454 : 1065-1071, 2008
8) Eichholzer M et al : Serum sex steroid hormones and frailty in older American men of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Aging Male 15 : 208-215, 2012
9) Zhang H et al : NAD+ repletion improves mitochondrial and stem cell function and enhances life span in mice. Science 352 : 1436-1443, 2016
10) Yaku K et al : NAD metabolism : Implications in aging and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 47 : 1-17, 2018
11) Rodier F et al : Four faces of cellular senescence. J Cell Biol 192 : 547-556, 2011
12) Toth ML et al : Longevity pathways converge on autophagy genes to regulate life span in Caenorhabditis elegans. Autophagy 4 : 330-338, 2008
13) Sakuma K et al : p62/SQSTM1 but not LC3 is accumulated in sarcopenic muscle of mice, J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 7 : 204-212, 2016
14) 日本老年医学会 : フレイルに関する日本老年医学界からのステートメント. (https://www.jpn-geriat-soc.or.jp/info/topics/pdf/20140513_01_01.pdf)
15) Fried LP et al : Frailty in older adults : evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 56 : M146-M157, 2001
16) 佐竹昭介ほか : 長寿医療研究開発費 平成26年度 総括報告書 フレイルの進行に関わる要因に関する研究 (25-11). (https://www.ncgg.go.jp/ncgg-kenkyu/documents/25-11.pdf)
17) Yakabe M et al : Effectiveness of the Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old-Old (QMCOO) to diagnose frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 22 : 127-131, 2022
18) Cruz-Jentoft AJ et al : European consensus on definition and diagnosis : Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing 39 : 412-423, 2010
19) 荒井秀典 : 世界のサルコペニア研究の最新知見. 日本食生活学会誌 29 : 81-84, 2018
20) Yoshimura N et al : Is osteoporosis a predictor for future sarcopenia or vice versa? Four-year observations between the second and third ROAD study surveys. Osteoporos Int 28 : 189-199, 2017
21) 日本漢方医学教育協議会編 : 基本がわかる漢方医学講義, 羊土社, 東京, 2020
22) Kishida Y et al : Go-sha-jinki-Gan (GJG), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, protects against sarcopenia in senescence-accelerated mice. Phytomedicine 22 : 16-22, 2015
23) Nakanishi M et al : Go-sha-jinki-Gan (GJG) ameliorates allodynia in chronic constriction injury model mice via suppression of TNF-α expression in the spinal cord. Mol Pain 12 : 1744806916656382, 2016
24) Morita Y et al : Juzentaihoto Suppresses Muscle Atrophy and Decreased Motor Function in SAMP8 Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 42 : 1128-1133, 2019