ミトコンドリア病診療マニュアル2023

出版社: 診断と治療社
著者:
発行日: 2023-06-05
分野: 臨床医学:内科  >  小児科学一般
ISBN: 9784787825704
電子書籍版: 2023-06-05 (初版第1刷)
書籍・雑誌
≪全国送料無料でお届け≫
取寄せ目安:4~8営業日

7,920 円(税込)

電子書籍
章別単位での購入はできません
ブラウザ、アプリ閲覧

7,920 円(税込)

商品紹介

本書初版の発刊により,わが国のミトコンドリア病診療は一定の質が担保されるようになった.その後現在に至るまでに,多くのエビデンスが創出され遺伝子型や予後に関する報告もあり,これらを含めた改訂版である.新たにLeber遺伝性視神経症,ミトコンドリア腎症・糖尿病・ニューロパチー・難聴を加え,ミトコンドリア病の病型をほぼ網羅した.L-アルギニンやタウリン,最新のバイオマーカーであるGDF15も取り上げている.

目次

  • 第1章 総 論
    1 ミトコンドリア病の疾患概念
    2 ミトコンドリア病の臨床症状
    3 ミトコンドリア病の診断方法
    4 ミトコンドリア病の全般的な治療法
    5 治療可能な疾患
    6 てんかんの治療
    7 生殖補助医療
    8 ミトコンドリア病の栄養療法
    9 ミトコンドリア病の日常生活
    10 ミトコンドリア病の遺伝カウンセリング
    11 ミトコンドリア病における全身麻酔と鎮静
    12 小児から成人への移行期医療の課題と対応


    第2章 各 論

    A Leigh脳症
    CQ1 Leigh脳症とはどのような疾患ですか?
    CQ2 Leigh脳症の症状は?
    CQ3 Leigh脳症の診断の進め方は?
    CQ4 Leigh脳症の鑑別診断は?
    CQ5 Leigh脳症の一般的な治療法は?
    CQ6 Leigh脳症の特異的な治療法は?
    CQ7 Leigh脳症の予後は?

    B ミトコンドリア肝症
    CQ8 ミトコンドリア肝症とはどのような疾患ですか?
    CQ9 ミトコンドリア肝症の頻度と予後は?
    CQ10 ミトコンドリア肝症の症状と疑う患者は?
    CQ11 ミトコンドリア肝症の鑑別診断は?
    CQ12 ミトコンドリア肝症の診断の進め方は?
    CQ13 ミトコンドリア肝症の病理所見の特徴は?
    CQ14 ミトコンドリア肝症の特異的な治療は?

    C ミトコンドリア心筋症
    CQ15 ミトコンドリア心筋症とはどのような疾患ですか?
    CQ16 ミトコンドリア心筋症の症状は?
    CQ17 ミトコンドリア心筋症の診断の進め方は?
    CQ18 ミトコンドリア心筋症の遺伝子診断は?
    CQ19 ミトコンドリア心筋症と鑑別すべき疾患は?
    CQ20 ミトコンドリア心筋症に合併する不整脈とその治療は?
    CQ21 m.3243A>Gバリアントを有する成人心筋症の臨床像は?
    CQ22 ミトコンドリア心筋症の治療は?

    D 新生児ミトコンドリア病
    CQ23 新生児ミトコンドリア病とはどのような疾患ですか?
    CQ24 新生児ミトコンドリア病の発症時期,初発症状は?
    CQ25 新生児ミトコンドリア病の原因遺伝子は?
    CQ26 どのようなときに新生児ミトコンドリア病を疑うか?
    CQ27 新生児ミトコンドリア病を疑った場合の診断の進め方は?
    CQ28 新生児ミトコンドリア病を疑った場合の治療は?

    E MELAS
    CQ29 MELASとはどのような疾患ですか?
    CQ30 MELASの疫学は?
    CQ31 MELASの中枢神経症状は?
    CQ32 MELASの中枢神経外の症状は?
    CQ33 MELASの診断の進め方は?
    CQ34 MELASの遺伝学的検査とその注意点は?
    CQ35 MELASの特異的な治療は?
    CQ36 MELAS患者への生活,学校,就労への指導の仕方は?
    CQ37 MELASの予後は?

    F MERRF
    CQ38 MERRFとはどのような疾患ですか?
    CQ39 MERRFでみられやすい症状や所見は?
    CQ40 MERRFの診断の進め方は?
    CQ41 MERRFの遺伝学的な特徴は?
    CQ42 MERRFの治療および予後は?
    CQ43 MERRFでみられるてんかん発作の特徴と治療は?

    G CPEO/KSS
    CQ44 CPEO/KSSとはどのような疾患ですか?
    CQ45 CPEO/KSSの遺伝形式と原因は?
    CQ46 CPEO/KSSの疫学は?
    CQ47-a CPEO/KSSの症状は?
    CQ47-b CPEO/KSSの眼症状・所見の特徴は?
    CQ48 CPEO/KSSにみられる心伝導障害,心合併症は?
    CQ49 CPEOを伴った特殊な病態は?
    CQ50 CPEO/KSSの遺伝子検査以外の検査は?
    CQ51 CPEO/KSSの鑑別診断は?
    CQ52-a CPEO/KSSの特異的な治療は?
    CQ52-b CPEO/KSSの眼合併症に対する治療は?

    H Leber遺伝性視神経症(眼疾患)
    CQ53 Leber遺伝性視神経症とはどのような疾患ですか?
    CQ54 Leber遺伝性視神経症の症状は?
    CQ55 Leber遺伝性視神経症の診断の進め方は?
    CQ56 Leber遺伝性視神経症で知られている遺伝子バリアントは?
    CQ57 Leber遺伝性視神経症の特異的な治療法は?

    I ミトコンドリア腎症
    CQ58 ミトコンドリア腎症とはどのような疾患ですか?
    CQ59 ミトコンドリア腎症の臨床像は?
    CQ60 どのようなときにミトコンドリア腎症を疑うか?
    CQ61 ミトコンドリア腎症の診断法は?
    CQ62 ミトコンドリア腎症の予後は?
    CQ63 ミトコンドリア腎症の治療は?

    J ミトコンドリア糖尿病
    CQ64 ミトコンドリア糖尿病とはどのような疾患ですか?
    CQ65 ミトコンドリア糖尿病の症状は?
    CQ66 ミトコンドリア糖尿病の診断の進め方は?
    CQ67 ミトコンドリア糖尿病の治療は?
    CQ68 ミトコンドリア糖尿病の診療上,注意すべき症状は?

    K ミトコンドリアニューロパチー
    CQ69 ミトコンドリアニューロパチーの頻度は?
    CQ70 ミトコンドリアニューロパチーの原因遺伝子と合併症は?
    CQ71 特殊なニューロパチー (1)MNGIEとは?
    CQ72 特殊なニューロパチー (2)NARP syndromeとは?
    CQ73 特殊なニューロパチー (3)SANDOとは?
    CQ74 CMTの原因となるミトコンドリア関連遺伝子異常は? (1)MFN2
    CQ75 CMTの原因となるミトコンドリア関連遺伝子異常は? (2)その他の遺伝子

    L ミトコンドリア難聴
    CQ76 ミトコンドリア難聴とはどのような疾患ですか?
    CQ77 ミトコンドリア難聴の症状は?
    CQ78 どのような難聴に対してミトコンドリア関連遺伝子の検査を行うべきか?
    CQ79 ミトコンドリア病の病型別の難聴と全身症状の合併は?
    CQ80 ミトコンドリア難聴の遺伝子バリアントは?
    CQ81 ミトコンドリア難聴に人工内耳は有効か?


    巻末資料
    A ミトコンドリア病の患者会・役立つWebサイト
    B ミトコンドリア病で受けることのできる補助制度・サービス

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

[第1章] 総論

P.7 掲載の参考文献
1) Calvo SE, et al. : The mitochondrial proteome and human disease. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2010 ; 11 : 25-44.
2) Nunnari J, et al. : Mitochondria : in sickness and in health. Cell 2012 ; 148 : 1145-1159.
3) Lightowlers RN, et al. : Mutations causing mitochondrial disease : What is new and what challenges remain? Science 2015 ; 349 : 1494-1499.
4) Chinnery PF : Mitochondrial Disorders Overview. GeneReviews(R) 2000 [updated 2021].
5) DiMauro S : Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies--fifty years on : the Robert Wartenberg Lecture. Neurology 2013 ; 81 : 281-291.
6) Frazier AE, et al. : Mitochondrial energy generation disorders : genes, mechanisms, and clues to pathology. J Biol Chem 2019 ; 294 : 5386-5395.
7) Lapuente-Brun E, et al. : Supercomplex assembly determines electron flux in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Science 2013 ; 340 : 1567-1570.
8) Koopman WJ, et al. : Monogenic mitochondrial disorders. N Engl J Med 2012 ; 366 : 1132-1141.
9) Yatsuga S, et al. : Growth differentiation factor 15 as a useful biomarker for mitochondrial disorders. Ann Neurol 2015 ; 78 : 814-823.
10) Gorman GS, et al. : Mitochondrial diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2016 ; 2 : 16080.
P.10 掲載の参考文献
1) DiMauro S, et al. (eds.) : Mitochondrial Medicine. Informa Healthcare, 2006.
2) Saudubray JM, et al. : Defects of the Respiratory Chain. In : Inborn Metabolic Disease. 6th ed., Springer, 2016 : 233-242.
3) Gorman GS, et al. : Mitochondrial diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2016 ; 2 : 16080.
4) Gibson K, et al. : Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorders presenting in neonates : clinical manifestations and enzymatic and molecular diagnoses. Pediatrics 2008 ; 122 : 1003-1008.
5) Ebihara T, et al. : Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease : clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022 ; 107 : 329-334.
6) Honzik T, et al. : Neonatal onset of mitochondrial disorders in 129 patients : clinical and laboratory characteristics and a new approach to diagnosis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012 ; 35 : 749-759.
7) Garcia-Cazorla A, et al. : Long-term follow-up of neonatal mitochondrial cytopathies : a study of 57 patients. Pediatrics. 2005 ; 116 : 1170-1177.
8) Kohda M, et al. : A Comprehensive Genomic Analysis Reveals the Genetic Landscape of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex Deficiencies. PLoS Genet 2016 ; 12 : e1005679.
9) Forli F, et al. : Mitochondrial syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Biosci Rep 2007 ; 27 : 113-123.
10) Imasawa T, et al. : Clinicopathologic Features of Mitochondrial Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2022 ; 7 : 580-590.
11) Bernier FP, et al. : Diagnostic criteria for respiratory chain disorders in adults and children. Neurology 2002 ; 59 : 1406-1411.
P.14 掲載の参考文献
1) Rahman S : Mitochondrial disease in children. J Intern Med 2020 ; 287 : 609-633.
2) Murayama K, et al. : Recent topics : the diagnosis, molecular genesis, and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. J Hum Genet 2019 ; 64 : 113-125.
3) Sperl W, et al. : The switch in the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases from the classical 'Function first' to the NGS-based'Genetics first'diagnostic era. J Mother Child 2020 ; 24 : 47-52.
4) Stenton SL, et al. : Genetics of mitochondrial diseases : Identifying mutations to help diagnosis. EBioMedicine 2020 ; 56 : 102784.
5) Li Y, et al. : CirculatingFGF21 and GDF15 as Biomarkers for Screening, Diagnosis, and Severity Assessment of Primary Mitochondrial Disorders in Children. Front Pediatr 2022 ; 10 : 851534.
6) Huddar A, et al. : Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 and growth differentiation factor 15 : Two sensitive biomarkers in the diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondrion 2021 ; 60 : 170-177.
7) Yatsuga S, et al. : Growth differentiation factor 15 as a useful biomarker for mitochondrial disorders. Ann Neurol 2015 ; 78 : 814-823.
8) 大竹明 : 高乳酸血症. 五十嵐隆 (編), 見逃せない先天代謝異常 第1版, 小児科臨床ピクシス. 中山書店, 2010 : 18-21.
P.22 掲載の参考文献
1) Sue CM, et al. : Patient care standards for primary mitochondrial disease in Australia : an Australian adaptation of the Mitochondrial Medicine Society recommendations. Intern Med J 2022 ; 52 : 110-120.
2) Barcelos I, et al. : Mitochondrial medicine therapies : rationale, evidence, and dosing guidelines. Curr Opin Pediatr 2020 ; 32 : 707-718.
3) Parikh S, et al. : A modern approach to the treatment of mitochondrial disease. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2009 ; 11 : 414-430.
4) 小俣卓 : 急性脳症の治療とミトコンドリアカクテル薬. 東京小児科医会報 2020 ; 39 : 57-62.
5) Di Donfrancesco A, et al. : Gene therapy for mitochondrial diseases : current status and future perspective. Pharmaceutics 2022 ; 14 : 1287.
6) Wan X, et al. : Efficacy and safety of rAAV2-ND4 treatment for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Sci Rep 2016 ; 6 : 21587.
7) Enns GM : Treatment of mitochondrial disorders : antioxidants and beyond. J Child Neurol 2014 ; 29 : 1235-1240.
8) Pitceathly RDS, et al. : Moving towards clinical trials for mitochondrial diseases. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021 ; 44 : 22-41.
P.28 掲載の参考文献
1) Patel KP, et al. : The spectrum of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency : Clinical, biochemical and genetic features in 371 patients. Mol Genet Metab 2012 ; 105 : 34-43.
2) Ganetzky R, et al. : Primary Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Overview. GeneReviews(R) 2021.
3) Marce-Grau A, et al. : Genetic defects of thiamine transport and metabolism : A review of clinical phenotypes, genetics, and functional studies. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019 ; 42 : 581-597.
4) Ortigoza-Escobar JD, et al. : Thiamine deficiency in childhood with attention to genetic causes : Survival and outcome predictors. Ann Neurol 2017 ; 82 : 317-330.
5) Huang W, et al. : Reduced thiamine binding is a novel mechanism for TPK deficiency disorder. Mol Genet Genomics 2019 ; 294 : 409-416.
6) Spiegel R, et al. : SLC25A19 mutation as a cause of neuropathy and bilateral striatal necrosis. Ann Neurol 2009 ; 66 : 419-424.
7) Repp BM, et al. : Clinical, biochemical and genetic spectrum of 70 patients with ACAD9 deficiency : is riboflavin supplementation effective? Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018 ; 13 : 120.
8) van Karnebeek CDM, et al. : Bi-allelic GOT2 Mutations Cause a Treatable Malate-Aspartate Shuttle-Related Encephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2019 ; 105 : 534-548.
9) Pardo B, et al. : AGC1 Deficiency : Pathology and Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022 ; 23 : 528.
10) Viscomi C, et al. : Combined treatment with oral metronidazole and N-acetylcysteine is effective in ethylmalonic encephalopathy. Nat Med 2010 ; 16 : 869-871.
11) Desbats MA, et al. : Genetic bases and clinical manifestations of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ 10) deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015 ; 38 : 145-156.
P.31 掲載の参考文献
1) Lim A, et al. : The mitochondrial epilepsies. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020 ; 24 : 47-52.
2) Whittaker RG, et al. : Epilepsy in adults with mitochondrial disease : A cohort study. Ann Neurol 2015 ; 78 : 949-957.
3) Finsterer J, et al. : Epilepsy in mitochondrial disorders. Seizure 2012 ; 21 : 316-321.
4) Lee HN, et al. : Epilepsy Characteristics and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS). Pediatr Neurol 2016 ; 64 : 59-65.
5) Canafoglia L, et al. : Epileptic phenotypes associated with mitochondrial disorders. Neurology 2001 ; 56 : 1340-1346.
6) Lee YM, et al. : Mitochondrial respiratory chain defects : underlying etiology in various epileptic conditions. Epilepsia 2008 ; 49 : 685-690.
7) Mameniskiene R, et al. : Epilepsia partialis continua : A review. Seizure 2017 ; 44 : 74-80.
8) Chevallier JA, et al. : Seizure semiology and EEG findings in mitochondrial diseases. Epilepsia 2014 ; 55 : 707-712.
9) Tsuji M, et al. : Leigh Syndrome Associated with West Syndrome. Brain Dev 2003 ; 25 : 245-250.
10) Anagnostou ME, et al. : Epilepsy due to mutations in the mitochondrial polymerase gamma (POLG) gene : A clinical and molecular genetic review. Epilepsia 2016 ; 57 : 1531-1545.
11) Barnerias C, et al. : Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency : four neurological phenotypes with differing pathogenesis. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010 ; 52 : e1-e9.
12) Finsterer J, et al. : Effects of antiepileptic drugs on mitochondrial functions, morphology, kinetics, biogenesis, and survival. Epilepsy Res 2017 ; 136 : 5-11.
13) Specchio N, et al. : POLG1-Related Epilepsy : Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Findings. Brain Sci 2020 ; 10 : 768.
14) 日本神経学会 (監), 「てんかん診療ガイドライン」作成委員会 (編) : てんかん診療ガイドライン. 医学書院, 2018.
15) Rahman S : Mitochondrial disease and epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2012 ; 54 : 397-406.
16) Zweers H, et al. : Ketogenic diet for mitochondrial disease : a systematic review on efficacy and safety. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021 ; 16 : 295.
P.34 掲載の参考文献
1) Giles RE, et al. : Maternal inheritance of human mitochondrial DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980 ; 77 : 6715-6719.
2) Steffann J, et al. : Analysis of mtDNA variant segregation during early human embryonic development : a tool for successful NARP preimplantation diagnosis. J Med Genet 2006 ; 43 : 244-247.
3) Tajima H, et al. : The development of novel quantification assay for mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy aimed at preimplantation genetic diagnosis of Leigh encephalopathy. J Assist Reprod Genet 2007 ; 24 : 227-232.
4) Bredenoord AL, et al. : Ooplasmic and nuclear transfer to prevent mitochondrial DNA disorders : conceptual and normative issues. Hum Reprod Update 2008 ; 14 : 669-678.
5) Hyslop LA, et al. : Towards clinical application of pronuclear transfer to prevent mitochondrial DNA disease. Nature 2016 ; 534 : 383-386.
6) Tachibana M, et al. : Towards germline gene therapy of inherited mitochondrial diseases. Nature 2013 ; 493 : 627-631.
7) Yamada M, et al. : Genetic drift can compromise mitochondrial replacement by nuclear transfer in human oocytes. Cell Stem Cell 2016 ; 18 : 749-754.
P.38 掲載の参考文献
1) Biddoff L : Mitochondrial Gastroenterology. In : Mitochondrial Medicine. Informa Healthcare, 2006 : 143-160.
2) Panetta J, et al. : Effect of high-dose vitamins, coenzyme Q and high-fat diet in paediatric patients with mitochondrial diseases. J Inherit Metab Dis 2004 ; 27 : 487-498.
3) Pfeffer G, et al. : Treatment for mitochondrial disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 ; 2012 : CD004426.
4) Roef MJ, et al. : Triacylglycerol infusion improves exercise endurance in patients with mitochondrial myopathy due to complex I deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 2002 ; 75 : 237-244.
5) Sokol RJ : Mitochondrial Hepatopathies. In : Liver Diseases in Children. 3rd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2007 : 803-829.
6) Schiff M, et al. : Mitochondrial response to controlled nutrition in health and disease. Nutr Rev 2011 ; 69 : 65-75.
7) Goldstein A, et al. : The elusive magic pill : finding effective therapies for mitochondrial disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2013 ; 10 : 320-328.
8) Tischner C, et al. : Keep the fire burning : Current avenues in the quest of treating mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondrion 2015 ; 24 : 32-49.
9) Kaji S, et al. : Fluctuating liver functions in siblings with MPV17 mutations and possible improvement associated with dietary and pharmaceutical treatments targeting respiratory chain complex II. Mol Genet Metab 2009 ; 97 : 292-296.
10) 青天目信 : MCTケトン食. 藤井達哉 (編), ケトン食の基礎から実践まで. 改訂第2版, 診断と治療社, 2011 : 50-55.
11) 特殊ミルク事務局 : 登録特殊ミルク適応症リスト及び成分表. 特殊ミルク情報 2014 : 105-114.
12) Larson A, et al. : Mitochondrial Hepatopathies. In : Liver Disease in Children. 5th ed., Cambridge University Press, 2021 : 628-651.
13) 大竹明, 他 : ミトコンドリア呼吸鎖異常症. 五十嵐隆 (編), 見逃せない先天代謝異常, 小児科臨床ピクシス, 中山書店, 2010 : 210-213.
14) 河本浩二, 他 : ミトコンドリア呼吸鎖異常症. 大阪府立母子保健総合医療センター (編), 小児消化器疾患臨床病理カンファランス. 診断と治療社, 2012 : 176-179.
15) Kuranobu H, et al. : Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency causes intractable gastrointestinal symptoms. Pediatr Int 2016 ; 58 : 1337-1340.
16) 青天目信 : 古典的ケトン食. 藤井達哉 (編), ケトン食の基礎から実践まで. 改訂第2版, 診断と治療社, 2011 : 20-49.
17) Kossoff E, et al. : Optimal clinical management of children receiving the ketogenic diet : recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia 2009 ; 50 : 304-317.
18) Kang HC, et al. : Safe and effective use of the ketogenic diet in children with epilepsy and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex defects. Epilepsia 2007 ; 48 : 82-88.
19) Lee YM, et al. : Mitochondrial respiratory chain defects : Underlying etiology in various epileptic conditions. Epilepsia 2008 ; 49 : 685-690.
20) Zweers H, et al. : Ketogenic diet for mitochondrial disease : a systematic review on efficacy and safety. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021 ; 16 : 295.
21) Ahola S, et al. : Modified Atkins diet induces subacute selective ragged-red-fiber lysis in mitochondrial myopathy patients. EMBO Mol Med 2016 ; 8 : 1234-1247.
22) Deberles E, et al. : Reversal of Cardiac Hypertrophy With a Ketogenic Diet in a Child With Mitochondrial Disease and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 2020 ; 36 : 1690. e1-1690. e3.
23) Della Marina A, et al. : Ketogenic diet for treating alopecia in BCS1l-related mitochondrial disease (Bjornstad syndrome). JIMD Rep 2020 ; 53 : 10-11.
24) Laugel V, et al. : Early-onset ophthalmoplegia in Leigh-like syndrome due to NDUFV1 mutations. Pediatr Neurol 2007 ; 36 : 54-57.
25) Illsinger S, et al. : Paroxysmal and non-paroxysmal dystonia in 3 patients with biallelic ECHS1 variants : Expanding the neurological spectrum and therapeutic approaches. Eur J Med Genet 2020 ; 63 : 104046.
26) 村山圭, 他 : ミトコンドリア病. 日本小児医療保険協議会 (四者協) 治療用ミルク安定供給委員会 (編), 特殊ミルク治療ガイドブック. 診断と治療社, 2020 : 71-73.
27) Wexler ID, et al. : Outcome of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency treated with ketogenic diets. Studies in patients with identical mutations. Neurology 1997 ; 49 : 1655-1661.
28) Soler-Alfonso C, et al. : Identification of HIBCH gene mutations causing autosomal recessive Leigh syndrome : a gene involved in valine metabolism. Pediatr Neurol 2015 ; 52 : 361-365.
29) Pata S, et al. : Clinical improvements after treatment with a low-valine and low-fat diet in a pediatric patient with enoyl-CoA hydratase, short chain 1 (ECHS1) deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022 ; 17 : 340.
30) Parini R, et al. : Glucose metabolism and diet-based prevention of liver dysfunction in MPV17 mutant patients. J Hepatol 2009 ; 50 : 215-221.
P.41 掲載の参考文献
1) Filler K, et al. : Association of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Fatigue : A Review of the Literature. BBA Clin 2014 ; 1 : 12-23.
2) Tzoulis C, et al. : Acute mitochondrial encephalopathy reflects neuronal energy failure irrespective of which genome the genetic defect affects. Brain 2012 ; 135 : 3627-3634.
3) Kuszak AJ, et al. : Nutritional Interventions for Mitochondrial OXPHOS Deficiencies : Mechanism and Model systems. Annal Rev Pathol 2018 ; 13 : 163-191.
4) Jeppesen TD, et al. : Aerobic training is safe and improves exercise capacity in patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Brain 2006 ; 129 : 3402-3412.
5) 渡辺祐樹, 他 : リスク管理を行ったうえでのリハビリテーション介入によりADL維持向上を図ることができたミトコンドリア病の一症例. 理学療法学 2021 ; 48 : 312-320.
P.45 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本医学会 : 医療における遺伝学的検査・診断に関するガイドライン. 2011年2月 (2022年3月改定). https://jams.med.or.jp/guideline/genetics-diagnosis_2022.pdf (2022年7月15日アクセス)
2) Schlieben LD, et al. : The Dimensions of Primary Mitochondrial Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020 ; 8 : 600079.
3) 日本小児科学会 : 日本医学会ガイドライン「医療における遺伝学的検査・診断に関するガイドライン」に対するQ and Aについて. 2013 (2020年修正). https://www.jpeds.or.jp/uploads/files/20200225_iden_qa.pdf (2022年7月15日アクセス)
4) Sallevelt SC, et al. : De novo mtDNA point mutations are common and have a low recurrence risk. J Med Genet 2017 ; 54 : 73-83.
5) Wei W, et al. : Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in humans : implications for rare and common diseases. J Intern Med 2020 ; 287 : 634-644.
6) Stenton SL, et al. : Genetics of mitochondrial diseases : Identifying mutations to help diagnosis. EBioMedicine 2020 ; 56 : 102784.
7) 日本産科婦人科学会 : 出生前に行われる遺伝学的検査および診断に関する見解. 日産婦誌 2022 ; 74 : 790-794. http://fa.kyorin.co.jp/jsog/readPDF.php?file=74/7/074070749.pdf#page=42 (2022年7月15日アクセス)
8) Akiyama N, et al. : Prenatal diagnosis of severe mitochondrial diseases caused by nuclear gene defects : a study in Japan. Sci Rep 2021 ; 11 : 3531.
9) 佐藤卓, 他 : ミトコンドリア病の出生前診断と遺伝カウンセリング. 産婦人科の実際 2017 ; 66 : 415-421.
10) 末岡浩 : ミトコンドリア病に対する生殖補助医療. 医の歩み 2017 ; 260 : 105-110.
11) 日本産科婦人科学会 : 「重篤な遺伝性疾患を対象とした着床前遺伝学的検査」に関する見解. 2022. https://www.jsog.or.jp/activity/rinri/19_pgt-m-kenkaisaisoku.pdf (2022年7月15日アクセス)
P.48 掲載の参考文献
1) Maslow A, et al. : Anesthetic considerations in patients with mitochondrial dysfunction. Anesth Analg 1993 ; 76 : 884-886.
2) Driessen J, et al. : Anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality after surgery for muscle biopsy in children with mitochondrial defects. Pediatr Anesth 2007 ; 17 : 16-21.
3) Driessen JJ : Neuromuscular and mitochondrial disorders : What is relevant to the anaesthesiologist? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2008 ; 21 : 350-355.
4) Footitt EJ, et al. : Mitochondrial disorders and general anaesthesia : a case series and review. Br J Anaesth 2008 ; 100 : 436-441.
P.50 掲載の参考文献
1) Blum RW : Transition to adult health care : setting the stage. J Adolesc Health 1995 ; 17 : 3-5.
2) 横谷進, 他 : 小児期発症疾患を有する患者の移行期医療に関する提言. 日本小児科学会雑誌 2014 ; 118 : 98-106.
3) Kossoff EH, et al. : Transition for patients with epilepsy due to metabolic and mitochondrial disorders. Epilepsia 2014 ; 55 Suppl 3 : 37-40.
4) 尾方克久, 他 : 神経系疾患を対象とする小児-成人移行医療についての展望 : 現状と課題. 臨床神経 2019 ; 62 : 261-266.
5) 第61回厚生科学審議会疾病対策部会難病対策委員会・第37回社会保障審議会児童部会小児慢性特定疾患児への支援の在り方に関する専門委員会 (合同開催) : 移行期医療提供 体制について. 資料1-1 難病対策及び小児慢性特定疾病対策の現状について. 2019 : 142-152. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/shingi2/0000212719_00004.html. (2022年7月31日アクセス)

[第2章] 各論

P.56 掲載の参考文献
1) Leigh D : Subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy in an infant. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1951 ; 14 : 216-221.
2) Nagashima T, et al. : Adult Leigh syndrome with mitochondrial DNA mutation at 8993. Acta Neuropathol 1999 ; 97 : 416-422.
3) Rahman S, et al. : Leigh syndrome : Clinical features and biochemical and DNA abnormalities. Ann Neurol 1996 ; 39 : 343-351.
4) Skladal D, et al. : Minimum birth prevalence of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders in children. Brain 2003 ; 126 : 1905-1912.
5) Ruhoy IS, et al. : The genetics of Leigh syndrome and its implications for clinical practice and risk management. Appl Clin Genet 2014 ; 7 : 221-234.
6) Lake NJ, et al. : Leigh syndrome : One disorder, more than 75 monogenic causes. Ann Neurol 2016 ; 79 : 190-203.
7) Rahman S, et al. : Nuclear Gene-Encoded Leigh Syndrome Spectrum Overview. GeneReviews(R) 2015 [updated 2020].
8) Schubert Baldo M, et al. : Molecular basis of Leigh syndrome : a current look. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020 ; 15 : 31.
9) Bakare AB, et al. : Leigh syndrome : A tale of two genomes. Front Physiol 2021 ; 12 : 693734.
10) Mimaki M, et al. : Understanding mitochondrial complex I assembly in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012 ; 1817 : 851-862.
11) Ogawa E, et al. : Clinical validity of biochemical and molecular analysis in diagnosing Leigh syndrome : a study of 106 Japanese patients. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017 ; 40 : 685-693.
12) Finsterer J : Leigh and Leigh-like syndrome in children and adults. Pediatr Neurol 2008 ; 39 : 223-235.
P.58 掲載の参考文献
1) Rahman S, et al. : Leigh syndrome : clinical features and biochemical and DNA abnormalities. Ann Neurol 1996 ; 39 : 343-351.
2) Thorburn DR, et al. : Mitochondrial DNA-Associated Leigh Syndrome and NARP. GeneReviews(R) 2003 [updated 2017].
3) Baertling F, et al. : A guide to diagnosis and treatment of Leigh syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014 ; 85 : 257-265.
4) 三牧正和 : Leigh脳症. 別冊 日本臨牀 新領域別症候群シリーズ 骨格筋症候群 (第2版) 下, 2015 : 222-228.
5) Sofou K, et al. : A multicenter study on Leigh syndrome : disease course and predictors of survival. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014 ; 9 : 52.
6) Rahman S, et al. : Nuclear Gene-Encoded Leigh Syndrome Spectrum Overview. GeneReviews(R) 2015 [updated 2020].
7) Ruhoy IS, et al. : The genetics of Leigh syndrome and its implications for clinical practice and risk management. Appl Clin Genet 2014 ; 7 : 221-234.
8) Sofou K, et al. : Phenotype-genotype correlations in Leigh syndrome : new insights from a multicentre study of 96 patients. J Med Genet 2018 ; 55 : 21-27.
P.62 掲載の参考文献
1) Finsterer J : Leigh and Leigh-like syndrome in children and adults. Pediatr Neurol 2008 ; 39 : 223-235.
2) Baertling F, et al. : A guide to diagnosis and treatment of Leigh syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014 ; 85 : 257-265.
3) 村山圭, 他 : ミトコンドリア病 (ミトコンドリア呼吸鎖異常症) -最も頻度の高い先天代謝異常症-. 小児臨 2010 ; 63 : 2071-2079.
4) 三牧正和 : Leigh 脳症. 別冊 日本臨牀 新領域別症候群シリーズ 骨格筋症候群 (第2版) 下, 2015 : 222-228.
5) Sofou K, et al. : A multicenter study on Leigh syndrome : disease course and predictors of survival. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014 ; 9 : 52.
6) Tsai JD, et al. : A novel mitochondrial DNA 8597T > C mutation of Leigh syndrome : report of one case. Pediatr Neonatol 2012 ; 53 : 60-62.
7) Yatsuga S, et al. : Growth differentiation factor 15 as a useful biomarker for mitochondrial disorders. Ann Neurol 2015 ; 78 : 814-823.
8) Suomalainen A, et al. : FGF-21 as a biomarker for muscle-manifesting mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies : a diagnostic study. Lancet Neurol 2011 ; 10 : 806-818.
9) Medina L, et al. : MR findings in patients with subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh syndrome) : correlation with biochemical defect. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1990 ; 154 : 1269-1274.
10) Valanne L, et al. : Neuroradiologic findings in children with mitochondrial disorders. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998 ; 19 : 369-377.
11) Friedman SD, et al. : The use of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of mitochondrial disease. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010 ; 16 : 129-135.
12) Sijens PE, et al. : MR spectroscopy of the brain in Leigh syndrome. Brain Dev 2008 ; 30 : 579-583.
13) 村山圭 : ミトコンドリア病. 日本小児集中治療研究会 (編), 内分泌・代謝救急疾患, 小児救命救急・ICUピックアップ (5). メディカル・サイエンス・インターナショナル, 2021 : 161-167.
14) Munnich A, et al. : Clinical spectrum and diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders. Am J Med Genet 2011 ; 106 : 4-17.
15) Ogawa E, et al. : Clinical validity of biochemical and molecular analysis in diagnosing Leigh syndrome : a study of 106 Japanese patients. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017 ; 40 : 685-693.
P.65 掲載の参考文献
1) Mizuguchi M, et al. : Acute necrotizing encephalopathy with widespread edematous lesions of symmetrical distribution. Acta Neuropathol 1989 ; 78 : 108-111.
2) Mito T, et al. : Infantile bilateral striatal necrosis. Clinicopathological classification. Arch Neurol 1986 ; 43 : 677-680.
3) Thorburn DR, et al. : Mitochondrial DNA-Associated Leigh Syndrome and NARP. GeneReviews(R) 2003 [updated 2017].
4) Barkovich AJ, et al. : Metabolic, Toxic, and Autoimmune/Inflammatory Brain Disorders. In : Pediatric Neuroimaging. 6th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2018 : 81-262.
5) Baertling F, et al. : A guide to diagnosis and treatment of Leigh syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014 ; 85 : 257-265.
6) Schiff M, et al. : Branched-chain Organic Acidurias/Acidaemias. In : Inborn Metabolic Diseases : Diagnosis and Treatment. 6th ed., Springer, 2016.
7) Rahman S, et al. : Leigh syndrome : clinical features and biochemical and DNA abnormalities. Ann Neurol 1996 ; 39 : 343-351.
8) Gerards M, et al. : Exome sequencing reveals a novel Moroccan founder mutation in SLC19A3 as a new cause of early-childhood fatal Leigh syndrome. Brain 2013 ; 136 : 882-890.
9) Schubert Baldo M, et al. : Molecular basis of Leigh syndrome : a current look. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020 ; 15 : 31.
P.69 掲載の参考文献
1) 松永綾子 : 総論・代謝救急. 村山圭, 他 (編), 遺伝子医学MOOK35号ミトコンドリアと病気. メディカルドゥ, 2020 : 184-190.
2) Imai-Okazaki A, et al. : Long-term prognosis and genetic background of cardiomyopathy in 223 pediatric mitochondrial disease patients. Int J Cardiol 2021 ; 341 : 48-55.
3) 村山圭 : ミトコンドリア病. 日本小児集中治療研究会 (編), 内分泌・代謝救急疾患, 小児救命救急・ICUピックアップ (5). メディカル・サイエンス・インターナショナル, 2021 : 161-167.
4) Barcelos I, et al. : Mitochondrial medicine therapies : rationale, evidence, and dosing guidelines. Curr Opin Pediatr 2020 ; 32 : 707-718.
P.71 掲載の参考文献
1) Distelmaier F, et al. : Treatable mitochondrial diseases : cofactor metabolism and beyond. Brain 2017 ; 140 : e11.
2) Marce-Grau A, et al. : Genetic defects of thiamine transport and metabolism : A review of clinical phenotypes, genetics, and functional studies. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019 ; 42 : 581-597.
3) Tabarki B, et al. : Biotin-Thiamine-Responsive Basal Ganglia Disease. GeneReviews(R) 2013 [updated 2020].
4) Ortigoza-Escobar JD, et al. : Thiamine transporter-2 deficiency : outcome and treatment monitoring. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014 ; 9 : 92.
5) Ortigoza-Escobar JD, et al. : Treatment of genetic defects of thiamine transport and metabolism. Expert Rev Neurother 2016 ; 16 : 755-763.
6) Wolf B : Biotinidase Deficiency. GeneReviews(R) 2000 [updated 2016].
7) Baumgartner ER, et al. : Biotinidase deficiency : a cause of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh syndrome). Report of a case with lethal outcome. Pediatr Res 1989 ; 26 : 260-266.
8) Ganetzky R, et al. : Primary Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Overview. GeneReviews(R) 2021.
9) Patel KP, et al. : The spectrum of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency : clinical, biochemical and genetic features in 371 patients. Mol Genet Metab 2012 ; 105 : 34-43.
10) Naito E, et al. : Biochemical and molecular analysis of an X-linked case of Leigh syndrome associated with thiamin-responsive pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 1997 ; 20 : 539-548.
11) Salviati L, et al. : Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency. GeneReviews(R) 2017.
12) Alcazar-Fabra M, et al. : Primary Coenzyme Q deficiencies : A literature review and online platform of clinical features to uncover genotype-phenotype correlations. Free Radic Biol Med 2021 ; 167 : 141-180.
13) Van Maldergem L, et al. : Coenzyme Q-responsive Leigh's encephalopathy in two sisters. Ann Neurol 2002 ; 52 : 750-754.
14) Peters H, et al. : ECHS1 mutations in Leigh disease : a new inborn error of metabolism affecting valine metabolism. Brain 2014 ; 137 : 2903-2908.
15) Yamada K, et al. : Clinical, biochemical and metabolic characterisation of a mild form of human short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase deficiency : significance of increased N-acetyl-S- (2-carboxypropyl) cysteine excretion. J Med Genet 2015 ; 52 : 691-698.
16) Ogawa E, et al. : Clinical validity of biochemical and molecular analysis in diagnosing Leigh syndrome : a study of 106 Japanese patients. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017 ; 40 : 685-693.
17) Sato-Shirai I, et al. : Valine-restricted diet for patients with ECHS1 deficiency : Divergent clinical outcomes in two Japanese siblings. Brain Dev 2021 ; 43 : 308-313.
18) Kuwajima M, et al. : Valine metabolites analysis in ECHS1 deficiency. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021 ; 29 : 100809.
P.74 掲載の参考文献
1) Sofou K, et al. : A multicenter study on Leigh syndrome : disease course and predictors of survival. Orpanet J Rare Dis 2014 ; 9 : 52.
2) Lee JS, et al. : Leigh Syndrome in Childhood : Neurologic Progression and Functional Outcome. J Clin Neurol 2016 ; 12 : 181-187.
3) Ogawa E, et al. : Mortality of Japanese patients with Leigh syndrome : effects of age at onset and genetic diagnosis. J Inhert Metab Dis 2020 ; 43 : 819-826.
4) Hong CM, et al. : Clinical Characteristics of Early-Onset and Late-Onset Leigh Syndrome. Front Neurol 2020 ; 11 : 267.
5) Lim AZ, et al. : Natural History of Leigh Syndrome : A Study of Disease Burden and Progression. Ann Neurol 2022 ; 91 : 117-130.
6) Imai-Okazaki A, et al. : Long-term prognosis and genetic background of cardiomyopathy in 223 pediatric mitochondrial disease patients. Int J Cardiol 2021 ; 341 : 48-55.
7) Ardissone A, et al. : Clinical, imaging, biochemical and molecular features in Leigh syndrome : a study from the Italian network of mitochondrial diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021 ; 16 : 413.
8) Ebihara T, et al. : Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease : clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022 ; 107 : 329-334.
9) Tiranti V, et al. : Mutations of SURF-1 in Leigh disease associated with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet 1998 ; 63 : 1609-1621.
10) Wedatilake Y, et al. : SURF1 deficiency : a multi-centre natural history study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013 ; 8 : 96.
P.78 掲載の参考文献
1) Gorman GS, et al. : Mitochondrial diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2016 ; 2 : 16080.
2) Sokol RJ, et al. : Mitochondria and childhood liver diseases. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999 ; 28 : 4-16.
3) Lee WS, et al. : Mitochondrial hepatopathies : Advances in genetics and pathogenesis. Hepatology 2007 ; 45 : 1555-1565.
4) Sokol RJ, et al. : Mitochondrial Hepatopathies. In : Liver Disease in Children. 3rd ed., Cambridge University Press 2007 : 803-829.
5) Lee WS, et al. : Mitochondrial Hepatopathies : Advances in Genetics, Therapeutic Approaches, and Outcomes. J Pediatric 2013 ; 163 : 942-948.
6) Larson A, et al. : Mitochondrial Hepatopathies. In : Liver Disease in Children. 5th ed., Cambridge University Press, 2021 : 628-652.
7) Ibrahim SH, et al. : Mitochondrial Hepatopathies. In : Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 21st ed., Elsevier Inc, 2020 : 2123-2127.
8) Rahman S : Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of mitochondrial disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013 ; 36 : 659-673.
9) Murayama K, et al. : Children's toxicology from bench to bed--Liver Injury (4) : Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder and liver disease in children. J Toxicol Sci 2009 ; 34 Suppl 2 : 237-243.
10) Schlieben LD, et al. : The Dimensions of Primary Mitochondrial Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020 ; 8 : 600079.
11) Gusic M, et al. : Genetic basis of mitochondrial diseases. FEBS Lett 2021 ; 595 : 1132-1158.
12) Murayama K, et al. : Recent topics : the diagnosis, molecular genesis, and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. J Hum Genet 2019 ; 64 : 113-125.
13) Kaji S, et al. : Fluctuating liver functions in siblings with MPV17 mutations and possible improvement associated with dietary and pharmaceutical treatments targeting respiratory chain complex II. Mol Genet Metab 2009 ; 97 : 292-296.
14) Yamazaki T, et al. : Molecular diagnosis of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders in Japan : focusing on mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. Pediatr Int 2014 ; 56 : 180-187.
15) Shimura M, et al. : Clinical and molecular basis of hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome in Japan : evaluation of outcomes after liver transplantation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020 ; 15 : 169.
16) Kopajtich R, et al. : Biallelic IARS Mutations Cause Growth Retardation with Prenatal Onset, Intellectual Disability, Muscular Hypotonia, and Infantile Hepatopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2016 ; 99 : 414-422.
17) Kohda M, et al. : A Comprehensive Genomic Analysis Reveals the Genetic Landscape of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex Deficiencies. PLoS Genet 2016 ; 12 : e1005679.
18) Kishita Y, et al. : A novel homozygous variant in MICOS13/QIL1 causes hepato-encephalopathy with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020 ; 8 : e1427.
19) Rahman S : Mitochondrial disease in children. J Intern Med 2020 ; 287 : 609-633.
20) Suomalainen A, et al. : Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes--many genes, common mechanisms. Neuromuscul Disord 2010 ; 20 : 429-437.
P.82 掲載の参考文献
1) Lee WS, et al. : Mitochondrial Hepatopathies : Advances in Genetics, Therapeutic Approaches, and Outcomes. J Pediatr 2013 ; 163 : 942-948.
2) Rahman S : Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of mitochondrial disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013 ; 36 : 659-673.
3) Shimura M, et al. : Clinical and molecular basis of hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome in Japan : evaluation of outcomes after liver transplantation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020 ; 15 : 169.
4) Ebihara T, et al. : Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease : clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022 ; 107 : 329-334.
5) Skladal D, et al. : Minimum birth prevalence of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders in children. Brain 2003 ; 126 : 1905-1912.
6) Yamazaki T, et al. : Molecular diagnosis of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders in Japan : focusing on mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. Pediatr Int 2014 ; 56 : 180-187.
7) Cormier-Daire V, et al. : Neonatal and delayed-onset liver involvement in disorders of oxidative phosphorylation. J Pediatr 1997 ; 130 : 817-822.
8) Darin N, et al. : The incidence of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies in childhood : Clinical features and morphological, biochemical, and DNA abnormalities. Ann Neurol 2001 ; 49 : 377-383.
9) Garcia-Cazorla A, et al. : Long-term follow-up of neonatal mitochondrial cytopathies : a study of 57 patients. Pediatrics 2005 ; 116 : 1170-1177.
10) Durand P, et al. : Acute liver failure in infancy : a 14-year experience of a pediatric liver transplantation center. J Pediatr 2001 ; 139 : 871-876.
11) Narkewicz MR, et al. : A learning collaborative approach increases specificity of diagnosis of acute liver failure in pediatric patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 ; 16 : 1801-1810. e3.
12) Squires JE, et al. : North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position Paper on the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Acute Liver Failure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022 ; 74 : 138-158.
13) McKiernan P, et al. : Incidence of Primary Mitochondrial Disease in Children Younger Than 2 Years Presenting With Acute Liver Failure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016 ; 63 : 592-597.
14) Sokol RJ : Mitochondrial Hepatopathies. In : Liver Disease in Children. 3rd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2007 : 803-829.
15) 藤波綾子, 他 : ミトコンドリア呼吸鎖複合体異常症おける肝疾患の現状. 日小児栄消肝会誌 2011 ; 25 : 69-74.
16) Spinazzola A, et al. : Clinical and molecular features of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes. J Inherit Metab Dis 2009 ; 32 : 143-158.
17) Squires RH, et al. : Evaluation of the pediatric patient for liver transplantation : 2014 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American Society of Transplantation and the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Hepatology 2014 ; 60 : 362-398.
18) Zeharia A, et al. : Acute infantile liver failure due to mutations in the TRMU gene. Am J Hum Genet 2009 ; 85 : 401-407.
19) Boczonadi V, et al. : Reversible infantile mitochondrial diseases. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015 ; 38 : 427-435.
20) Soler-Alfonso C, et al. : L-Cysteine supplementation prevents liver transplantation in a patient with TRMU deficiency. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019 ; 19 : 100453.
21) Kopajtich R, et al. : Biallelic IARS Mutations Cause Growth Retardation with Prenatal Onset, Intellectual Disability, Muscular Hypotonia, and Infantile Hepatopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2016 ; 99 : 414-422.
22) Karadimas CL, et al. : Navajo neurohepatopathy is caused by a mutation in the MPV17 gene. Am J Hum Genet 2006 ; 79 : 544-548.
23) Mudd SH, et al. : Two patients with hepatic mtDNA depletion syndromes and marked elevations of S-adenosylmethionine and methionine. Mol Genet Metab 2012 ; 105 : 228-236.
24) Umetsu S, et al. : First cases of MPV17 related mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome with compound heterozygous mutations in p.R50Q/p.R50W : a case report. Hepatoma Res 2020 ; 6 : 1.
25) Vilarinho S, et al. : Individual exome analysis in diagnosis and management of paediatric liver failure of indeterminate aetiology. J Hepatol 2014 ; 61 : 1056-1063.
26) Freisinger P, et al. : Hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome caused by deoxyguanosine kinase (DGUOK) mutations. Arch Neurol 2006 ; 63 : 1129-1134.
27) Waich S, et al. : Severe Deoxyguanosine Kinase Deficiency in Austria : A 6-Patient Series. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019 ; 68 : e1-e6.
28) Scheers I, et al. : Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. J Pediatr 2005 ; 146 : 414-417.
29) Viscomi C, et al. : MtDNA-maintenance defects : syndromes and genes. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017 ; 40 : 587-599.
30) El-Hattab AW, et al. : MPV17-related mitochondrial DNA maintenance defect : New cases and review of clinical, biochemical, and molecular aspects. Hum Mutat 2018 ; 39 : 461-470.
31) De Greef E, et al. : Mitochondrial respiratory chain hepatopathies : role of liver transplantation. A case series of five patients. JIMD Rep 2012 ; 4 : 5-11.
32) Parikh S, et al. : Solid organ transplantation in primary mitochondrial disease : proceed with caution. Mol Genet Metab 2016 ; 118 : 178-184.
33) Sasaki K, et al. : Liver Transplantation for Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Disorder : A Single-Center Experience and Excellent Marker of Differential Diagnosis. Transplant Proc 2017 ; 49 : 1097-1102.
34) Uchida H, et al. : Outcomes of liver transplantation for mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder in children. Pediatr Transplant 2021 ; 25 : e14091.
35) Kasahara M, et al. : Macroscopic Characteristics of the Native Liver in Children With MPV17-Related Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome : An Indication for Performing Liver Transplantation? Liver Transpl 2022 ; 28 : 497-500.
P.85 掲載の参考文献
1) 藤浪綾子, 他 : ミトコンドリア呼吸鎖複合体異常症における肝疾患の現状. 日小児栄消肝会誌 2011 ; 25 : 69-74.
2) Shimura M, et al. : Clinical and molecular basis of hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome in Japan : evaluation of outcomes after liver transplantation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020 ; 15 : 169.
3) Erez A, et al. : Metabolic dysregulation in monogenic disorders and cancer-finding method in madness. Nat Rev Cancer 2015 ; 15 : 440-448.
4) 川内恵美, 他 : ミトコンドリア呼吸鎖複合体異常症における消化器症状についての検討. 日小児栄消肝会誌 2013 ; 27 : 148-154.
5) Colon Hidalgo D, et al. : Metabolism, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Redox Homeostasis in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022 ; 11 : 428.
6) Gopan A, et al. : Mitochondrial hepatopathy : Respiratory chain disorders- 'breathing in and out of the liver'. World J Hepatol 2021 ; 13 : 1707-1726.
7) Sasaki K, et al. : Liver Transplantation for Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Disorder : A Single-Center Experience and Excellent Marker of Differential Diagnosis. Transplant Proc 2017 ; 49 : 1097-1102.
8) Molleston JP, et al. : Evaluation of the child with suspected mitochondrial liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 ; 57 : 269-276.
9) Van Hove JL, et al. : Succinyl-CoA ligase deficiency : a mitochondrial hepatoencephalomyopathy. Pediatr Res 2010 ; 68 : 159-164.
P.87 掲載の参考文献
1) Lee WS, et al. : Mitochondrial hepatopathies : advances in genetics, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes. J Pediatr 2013 ; 163 : 942-948.
2) Molleston JP, et al. : Evaluation of the child with suspected mitochondrial liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 ; 57 : 269-276.
3) Sundaram SS, et al. : Characterization and outcomes of young infants with acute liver failure. J Pediatr 2011 ; 159 : 813-818.
4) Devictor D, et al. : Acute liver failure in neonates, infants and children. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011 ; 5 : 717-729.
5) Bitar R, et al. : Liver Failure in Early Infancy : Aetiology, Presentation, and Outcome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017 ; 64 : 70-75.
6) Viscomi C, et al. : MtDNA-maintenance defects : syndromes and genes. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017 ; 40 : 587-599.
7) Boczonadi V, et al. : Reversible infantile mitochondrial diseases. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015 ; 38 : 427-435.
8) Staufner C, et al. : Defining clinical subgroups and genotype-phenotype correlations in NBAS-associated disease across 110 patients. Genet Med 2020 ; 22 : 610-621.
9) Mogahed EA, et al. : Causes of secondary non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-obese children below 10 years. Eur J Pediatr 2020 ; 179 : 719-726.
10) De Bruyne R, et al. : Clinical practice : neonatal cholestasis. Eur J Pediatr 2011 ; 170 : 279-284.
11) Shimura M, et al. : Clinical and molecular basis of hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome in Japan : evaluation of outcomes after liver transplantation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020 ; 15 : 169.
12) Waich S, et al. : Severe Deoxyguanosine Kinase Deficiency in Austria : A 6-Patient Series. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019 ; 68 : e1-e6.
13) Khanna R, et al. : Pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2018 ; 24 : 3980-3999.
14) Lenz D, et al. : Genotypic diversity and phenotypic spectrum of infantile liver failure syndrome type 1 due to variants in LARS1. Genet Med 2020 ; 22 : 1863-1873.
15) van Meel E, et al. : Rare recessive loss-of-function methionyl-tRNA synthetase mutations presenting as a multi-organ phenotype. BMC Med Genet 2013 ; 14 : 106.
16) Nowaczyk MJ, et al. : A novel multisystem disease associated with recessive mutations in the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS) gene. Am J Med Genet A 2017 ; 173 : 126-134.
17) Cousin MA, et al. : RINT1 Bi-allelic Variations Cause Infantile-Onset Recurrent Acute Liver Failure and Skeletal Abnormalities. Am J Hum Genet 2019 ; 105 : 108-121.
18) Schmidt WM, et al. : Disruptive SCYL1 Mutations Underlie a Syndrome Characterized by Recurrent Episodes of Liver Failure, Peripheral Neuropathy, Cerebellar Atrophy, and Ataxia. Am J Hum Genet 2015 ; 97 : 855-861.
P.89 掲載の参考文献
1) Molleston JP, et al. : Evaluation of the child with suspected mitochondrial liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013 ; 57 : 269-276.
2) Nogueira C, et al. : Syndromes associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion. Ital J Pediatr 2014 ; 40 : 34.
3) Witters P, et al. : Revisiting mitochondrial diagnostic criteria in the new era of genomics. Genet Med 2018 ; 20 : 444-451.
4) Ferreira CR, et al. : Clinical and biochemical footprints of inherited metabolic diseases. II. Metabolic liver diseases. Mol Genet Metab 2019 ; 127 : 117-121.
5) Lee WS, et al. : Liver disease in mitochondrial disorders. Semin Liver Dis 2007 ; 27 : 259-273.
6) 藤浪綾子, 他 : ミトコンドリア呼吸鎖複合体異常症における肝疾患の現状. 日小児栄消肝会誌 2011 ; 25 : 69-74.
7) Ogawa E, et al. : Clinical validity of biochemical and molecular analysis in diagnosing Leigh syndrome : a study of 106 Japanese patients. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017 ; 40 : 685-693.
8) Wolf NI, et al. : Mitochondrial disorders : a proposal for consensus diagnostic criteria in infants and children. Neurology 2002 ; 59 : 1402-1405.
9) Stenton SL, et al. : The diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism by an integrative "multi-omics" approach : A perspective encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020 ; 43 : 25-35.
P.92 掲載の参考文献
1) Larson A, et al. : Mitochondrial hepatopathies. In : Liver disease in children. 5th ed., Cambridge University Press, 2021 : 628-652.
2) Quaglia A, et al. : Mitochondrial cytopathies and related conditions. In : MacSween's Pathology of the Liver. 7th ed., Churchill livingstone, 2007 : 196-200.
3) Lee WS, et al. : Liver disease in mitochondrial disorders. Semin Liver Dis 2007 ; 27 : 259-273.
4) Hazard FK, et al. : Liver pathology in infantile mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2013 ; 16 : 415-424.
5) Alharbi H, et al. : Mitochondrial Hepatopathies. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2021 ; 18 : 243-250.
6) 谷川健, 他 : ミトコンドリア肝症の肝病理 ミトコンドリアDNA枯渇症候群を中心に. 村山圭, 他 (編), 遺伝子医学Mook 35号 ミトコンドリアと病気. メディカルドゥ, 2020 : 62-67.
7) Murayama K, et al. : Intractable secretory diarrhea in a Japanese boy with mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency. Eur J Pediatr 2009 ; 168 : 297-302.
P.94 掲載の参考文献
1) Lee WS, et al. : Mitochondrial Hepatopathies : Advances in Genetics, Therapeutic Approaches, and Outcomes. J Pediatr 2013 ; 163 : 942-948.
2) Bhatti JS, et al. : Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in metabolic disorders- A step towards mitochondria based therapeutic strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017 ; 1863 : 1066-1077.
3) 村山圭 : ミトコンドリア肝疾患. 日本小児栄養消化器肝臓学会 (編), 小児栄養消化器肝臓病学. 診断と治療社, 2014 : 432-434.
4) Kamath BM, et al. : Fat Soluble Vitamin Assessment and Supplementation in Cholestasis. Clin Liver Dis 2022 ; 26 : 537-553.
5) 虻川大樹 : 新生児肝炎症候群, 新生児胆汁うっ滞. 小児診療 2014 ; 77 (Suppl.) : 622-624.
6) 村山圭 : ミトコンドリア肝症. 小児内科 2014 ; 46 (増刊号) : 692-696.
7) Kaji S, et al. : Fluctuating liver functions in siblings with MPV17 mutations and possible improvement associated with dietary and pharmaceutical treatments targeting respiratory chain complex II. Mol Genet Metab 2009 ; 97 : 292-296.
8) Goldstein A, et al. : The elusive magic pill : finding effective therapies for mitochondrial disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2013 ; 10 : 320-328.
9) Parini R, et al. : Glucose metabolism and diet-based prevention of liver dysfunction in MPV17 mutant patients. J Hepatol 2009 ; 50 : 215-221.
10) Soler-Alfonso C, et al. : L-Cysteine supplementation prevents liver transplantation in a patient with TRMU deficiency. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019 ; 19 : 100453.
11) Murali CN, et al. : TRMU deficiency : A broad clinical spectrum responsive to cysteine supplementation. Mol Genet Metab 2021 ; 132 : 146-153.
12) Squires RH, et al. : Evaluation of the Pediatric Patient for Liver Transplantation 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American Society of Transplantation and the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014 ; 59 : 112-131.
13) Uchida H, et al. : Outcomes of liver transplantation for mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder in children. Pediatr Transplant 2021 ; 25 : e14091.
14) Jankowska I, et al. : Acute liver failure due to DGUOK deficiency-is liver transplantation justified? Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021 ; 45 : 101408.
15) Kasahara M, et al. : Macroscopic Characteristics of the Native Liver in Children With MPV17-Related Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome : An Indication for Performing Liver Transplantation? Liver Transpl 2022 ; 28 : 497-500.
16) Shimura M, et al. : Clinical and molecular basis of hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome in Japan : evaluation of outcomes after liver transplantation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020 ; 15 : 169.
17) El-Hattab AW, et al. : MPV17-Related Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance Defect : New cases and review of clinical, biochemical, and molecular aspects. Human Mutation 2018 ; 39 : 461-470.
P.97 掲載の参考文献
1) Meyers DE, et al. : Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy : pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Tex Heart Inst J 2013 ; 40 : 385-394.
2) Marin-Garcia J : Mitochondria in Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases. In : Mitochondria and Their Role in Cardiovascular Disease. Springer, 2013 : 245-270.
3) Imai-Okazaki A, et al. : Long-term prognosis and genetic background of cardiomyopathy in 223 pediatric mitochondrial disease patients. Int J Cardiol 2021 ; 341 : 48-55.
4) Honzik T, et al. : Neonatal onset of mitochondrial disorders in 129 patients : clinical and laboratory characteristics and a new approach to diagnosis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012 ; 35 : 749-759.
5) Cox GF, et al. : Mitochondrial disorders : characteristics and outcomes from the pediatric cardiomyopathy registry [abstract]. In : Proceedings of the 5th World Congress of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery. 2009 ; 5 : 282.
6) Enns GM : Pediatric mitochondrial diseases and the heart. Curr Opin Pediatr 2017 ; 29 : 541-551.
7) Imai A, et al. : Dried blood spots for newborn screening allows easy determination of a high heteroplasmy rate in severe infantile cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2016 ; 221 : 446-449.
8) Imai A, et al. : Rapidly progressive infantile cardiomyopathy with mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V deficiency due to loss of ATPase 6 and 8 protein. Int J Cardiol 2016 ; 207 : 203-205.
P.98 掲載の参考文献
1) Honzik T, et al. : Neonatal onset of mitochondrial disorders in 129 patients : clinical and laboratory characteristics and a new approach to diagnosis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012 ; 35 : 749-759.
2) Scaglia F, et al. : Clinical spectrum, morbidity, and mortality in 113 pediatric patients with mitochondrial disease. Pediatrics 2004 ; 114 : 925-931.
3) Florian A, et al. : Characteristic cardiac phenotypes are detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with different clinical phenotypes and genotypes of mitochondrial myopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015 ; 17 : 40.
4) Kabunga P, et al. : Systematic review of cardiac electrical disease in Kearns-Sayre syndrome and mitochondrial cytopathy. Int J Cardiol 2015 ; 181 : 303-310.
5) Wahbi K, et al. : Cardiac involvement is frequent in patients with the m.8344A > G mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Neurology 2010 ; 74 : 674-677.
6) Vydt TC, et al. : Cardiac involvement in adults with m.3243A > G MELAS gene mutation. The American journal of cardiology 2007 ; 99 : 264-269.
7) Reynolds S : Successful management of Barth syndrome : a systematic review highlighting the importance of a flexible and multidisciplinary approach. J Multidiscip Healthc 2015 ; 8 : 345-358.
8) Finsterer J : Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy : a mitochondrial disorder. Clin Cardiol 2008 ; 31 : 225-227.
P.104 掲載の参考文献
1) Byers SL, et al. : Infant with cardiomyopathy : When to suspect inborn errors of metabolism? World J Cardiol 2014 ; 6 : 1149-1155.
2) Scaglia F, et al. : Clinical spectrum, morbidity, and mortality in 113 pediatric patients with mitochondrial disease. Pediatrics 2004 ; 114 : 925-931.
3) Elliott P, et al. : Classification of the cardiomyopathies : a position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J 2008 ; 29 : 270-276.
4) Elliott PM, et al. : 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2014 ; 35 : 2733-2779.
5) Pinto YM, et al. : Proposal for a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy, hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy, and its implications for clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2016 ; 37 : 1850-1858.
6) Thavendiranathan P, et al. : Isolated left ventricular non-compaction controversies in diagnostic criteria, adverse outcomes and management. Heart 2013 ; 99 : 681-689.
7) Hendrix CLF, et al. : Screening and prevalence of cardiac abnormalities on electro- and echocardiography in a large cohort of patients with mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Metab 2022 ; 136 : 219-225.
8) Bates MG, et al. : Concentric hypertrophic remodelling and subendocardial dysfunction in mitochondrial DNA point mutation carriers. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013 ; 14 : 650-658.
9) Florian A, et al. : Characteristic cardiac phenotypes are detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with different clinical phenotypes and genotypes of mitochondrial myopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015 ; 17 : 40.
10) Yilmaz A, et al. : Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) reveals characteristic pattern of myocardial damage in patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Clin Res Cardiol 2012 ; 101 : 255-261.
11) Almogheer B, et al. : Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Neuromuscular Cardiomyopathies. Pediatr Cardiol 2022 ; 43 : 27-38.
12) Lee KH, et al. : Extracellular volume imaging and quantitative T2 mapping for the diagnosis of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2014 ; 130 : 1832-1834.
13) Ikawa M, et al. : Evaluation of respiratory chain failure in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy by assessments of 99mTc-MIBI washout and 123I-BMIPP/99mTc-MIBI mismatch. Mitochondrion 2007 ; 7 : 164-170.
14) Yamanaka M, et al. : The Utility of a Combination of 99mTc-MIBI Washout Imaging and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Cardiomyopathy. Ann Nucl Cardiol 2021 ; 7 : 8-16.
15) Tsutsui H, et al. : JCS 2017/JHFS 2017 Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure- Digest Version. Circ J 2019 ; 83 : 2084-2184.
16) Aimo A, et al. : Prognostic Value of High-Sensitivity Troponin T in Chronic Heart Failure : An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. Circulation 2018 ; 137 : 286-297.
17) Kubo T, et al. : Combined measurements of cardiac troponin I and brain natriuretic peptide are useful for predicting adverse outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circ J 2011 ; 75 : 919-926.
18) Weidemann F, et al. : The cardiomyopathy in Friedreich's ataxia- New biomarker for staging cardiac involvement. Int J Cardiol 2015 ; 194 : 50-57.
19) Bernier FP, et al. : Diagnostic criteria for respiratory chain disorders in adults and children. Neurology 2002 ; 59 : 1406-1411.
20) Takeda A, et al. : Advanced pathological study for definite diagnosis of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. J Clin Pathol 2020 ; jclinpath-2020-206801.
21) Maruo Y, et al. : A case report of Leigh syndrome diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021 ; 5 : ytaa582.
22) Arbustini E, et al. : Mitochondrial DNA mutations and mitochondrial abnormalities in dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Pathol 1998 ; 153 : 1501-1510.
23) Schwartzkopff B, et al. : Ultrastructural findings in endomyocardial biopsy of patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988 ; 12 : 1522-1528.
24) Barth E, et al. : Ultrastructural quantitation of mitochondria and myofilaments in cardiac muscle from 10 different animal species including man. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1992 ; 24 : 669-681.
25) Brega A, et al. : Functional, structural, and genetic mitochondrial abnormalities in myocardial diseases. J Nucl Cardiol 2001 ; 8 : 89-97.
26) Schlieben LD, et al. : The Dimensions of Primary Mitochondrial Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020 ; 8 : 600079.
P.110 掲載の参考文献
1) Schapira AH : Mitochondrial disease. Lancet 2006 ; 368 : 70-82.
2) Schlieben LD, et al. : The Dimensions of Primary Mitochondrial Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020 ; 8 : 600079.
3) Frazier AE, et al. : Fatal perinatal mitochondrial cardiac failure caused by recurrent de novo duplications in the ATAD3 locus. Med (N Y) 2021 ; 2 : 49-73.
4) Imai A, et al. : Dried blood spots for newborn screening allows easy determination of a high heteroplasmy rate in severe infantile cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2016 ; 221 : 446-449.
5) Imai A, et al. : Rapidly progressive infantile cardiomyopathy with mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V deficiency due to loss of ATPase 6 and 8 protein. Int J Cardiol 2016 ; 207 : 203-205.
6) Pavlakis SG, et al. : Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes : a distinctive clinical syndrome. Ann Neurol 1984 ; 16 : 481-488.
7) Goto Y, et al. : A mutation in the tRNA (Leu) (UUR) gene associated with the MELAS subgroup of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Nature 1990 ; 348 : 651-653.
8) Imai-Okazaki A, et al. : Long-term prognosis and genetic background of cardiomyopathy in 223 pediatric mitochondrial disease patients. Int J Cardiol 2021 ; 341 : 48-55.
9) Kearns TP, et al. : Retinitis pigmentosa, external ophthalmophegia, and complete heart block : unusual syndrome with histologic study in one of two cases. AMA Arch Ophthalmol 1958 ; 60 : 280-289.
10) Kadoya T, et al. : Successful treatment of infantile-onset ACAD9-related cardiomyopathy with a combination of sodium pyruvate, beta-blocker, and coenzyme Q10. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019 ; 32 : 1181-1185.
11) Haack TB, et al. : Exome sequencing identifies ACAD9 mutations as a cause of complex I deficiency. Nat Genet 2010 ; 42 : 1131-1134.
12) Imai-Okazaki A, et al. : Cardiomyopathy in children with mitochondrial disease : Prognosis and genetic background. Int J Cardiol 2019 ; 279 : 115-121.
13) Hirono K, et al. : Mitochondrial complex deficiency by novel compound heterozygous TMEM70 variants and correlation with developmental delay, undescended testicle, and left ventricular noncompaction in a Japanese patient : A case report. Clin Case Rep 2019 ; 7 : 553-557.
14) Fernandez-Vizarra E, et al. : Mitochondrial disorders of the OXPHOS system. FEBS Lett 2021 ; 595 : 1062-1106.
15) Ware SM, et al. : Infantile cardiomyopathy caused by a mutation in the overlapping region of mitochondrial ATPase 6 and 8 genes. J Med Genet 2009 ; 46 : 308-314.
16) Baruffini E, et al. : MTO1 mutations are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and lactic acidosis and cause respiratory chain deficiency in humans and yeast. Hum Mutat 2013 ; 34 : 1501-1509.
17) Kopajtich R, et al. : Mutations in GTPBP3 cause a mitochondrial translation defect associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and encephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2014 ; 95 : 708-720.
18) El-Hattab AW, et al. : MELAS syndrome : Clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment options. Mol Genet Metab 2015 ; 116 : 4-12.
19) Hirono K, et al. : Increased Burden of Ion Channel Gene Variants Is Related to Distinct Phenotypes in Pediatric Patients With Left Ventricular Noncompaction. Circ Genom Precis Med 2020 ; 13 : e002940.
20) Ichida F : Left ventricular noncompaction- Risk stratification and genetic consideration. J Cardiol 2020 ; 75 : 1-9.
21) Takeda A, et al. : Barth syndrome diagnosed in the subclinical stage of heart failure based on the presence of lipid storage myopathy and isolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium. Eur J Pediatr 2011 ; 170 : 1481-1484.
22) Taylor C, et al. : Clinical presentation and natural history of Barth Syndrome : An overview. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022 ; 45 : 7-16.
23) Tokuyama T, et al. : Disease Modeling of Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy Using Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Biology (Basel) 2021 ; 10 : 981.
24) Stenton SL, et al. : Genetics of mitochondrial diseases : Identifying mutations to help diagnosis. EBioMedicine 2020 ; 56 : 102784.
25) Rahman S : Mitochondrial disease in children. J Intern Med 2020 ; 287 : 609-633.
26) Frazier AE, et al. : Mitochondrial energy generation disorders : genes, mechanisms, and clues to pathology. J Biol Chem 2019 ; 294 : 5386-5895.
27) Falk MJ : Mitochondrial Disease Gene Compendium-From Genes to Clinical Manifestations. Academic Press, 2020.
28) Nishioka M, et al. : An infant case of diffuse cerebrospinal lesions and cardiomyopathy caused by a BOLA3 mutation. Brain Dev 2018 ; 40 : 484-488.
29) Ogawa E, et al. : Mortality of Japanese patients with Leigh syndrome : Effects of age at onset and genetic diagnosis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020 ; 43 : 819-826.
30) Peters H, et al. : ECHS1 mutations in Leigh disease : a new inborn error of metabolism affecting valine metabolism. Brain 2014 ; 137 : 2903-2908.
31) Mayr JA, et al. : Spectrum of combined respiratory chain defects. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015 ; 38 : 629-640.
P.112 掲載の参考文献
1) Lev D, et al. : Clinical presentations of mitochondrial cardiomyopathies. Pediatr Cardiol 2004 ; 25 : 443-450.
2) Zaragoza MV, et al. : Mitochondrial cardiomyopathies : how to identify candidate pathogenic mutations by mitochondrial DNA sequencing, MITOMASTER and phylogeny. Eur J Hum Genet 2011 ; 19 : 200-207.
3) Imai-Okazaki A, et al. : Cardiomyopathy in children with mitochondrial disease : Prognosis and genetic background. Int J Cardiol 2019 ; 279 : 115-121.
4) Imai-Okazaki A, et al. : Long-term prognosis and genetic background of cardiomyopathy in 223 pediatric mitochondrial disease patients. Int J Cardiol 2021 ; 341 : 48-55.
5) 武田充人 : ミトコンドリア心筋症. 日小児循環器会誌 2017 ; 33 : 287-296.
6) Kubo T, et al. : Imaging of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy : a Practical Utility for Differential Diagnosis and Assessment of Disease Severity. Curr Cardiol Rep 2017 ; 19 : 65.
7) Takemura G, et al. : Ultrastructural aspects of vacuolar degeneration of cardiomyocytes in human endomyocardial biopsies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017 ; 30 : 64-71.
8) Takeda A, et al. : Advanced pathological study for definite diagnosis of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. J Clin Pathol 2020 ; jclinpath-2020-206801.
9) Mazzaccara C, et al. : Molecular Epidemiology of Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy : A Search Among Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2021 ; 22 : 5742.
10) Yilmaz A, et al. : Diagnostic approach and differential diagnosis in patients with hypertrophied left ventricles. Heart 2014 ; 100 : 662-671.
P.117 掲載の参考文献
1) Florian A, et al. : Characteristic cardiac phenotypes are detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with different clinical phenotypes and genotypes of mitochondrial myopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015 ; 17 : 40.
2) Duran J, et al. : Cardiovascular Manifestations of Mitochondrial Disease. Biology (Basel) 2019 ; 8 : 34.
3) Wahbi K, et al. : Cardiac involvement is frequent in patients with the m. 8344A > G mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Neurology 2010 ; 74 : 674-677.
4) Vydt TC, et al. : Cardiac involvement in adults with m. 3243A > G MELAS gene mutation. Am J Cardiol 2007 ; 99 : 264-269.
5) Kabunga P, et al. : Systematic review of cardiac electrical disease in Kearns-Sayre syndrome and mitochondrial cytopathy. Int J Cardiol 2015 ; 181 : 303-310.
6) Wahbi K, et al. : Long-term cardiac prognosis and risk stratification in 260 adults presenting with mitochondrial diseases. Eur Heart J 2015 ; 6 : 2886-2893.
7) Epsten AE, et al. : 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities : a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013 ; 61 : e6-e75.
8) Jeffrey AT, et al. : 2019 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation, risk stratification, and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2019 ; 16 : e301-e372.
9) Spencer CT, et al. : Cardiac and clinical phenotype in Barth syndrome. Pediatrics 2006 ; 118 : e337-e346.
10) Imamura T, et al. : The necessity of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome-systematic review of the articles. Int J Cardiol 2019 ; 279 : 105-111.
11) Hirano Y, et al. : Successful catheter ablation of premature ventricular contractions triggering torsade de pointes in a small infant with histiocytoid cardiomyopathy : a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2019 ; 3 : ytz091.
12) 小児循環器学会「小児不整脈の診断・治療に関する検討委員会」 : 小児不整脈の診断・治療ガイドライン. 日小児循環器会誌 2010 ; 26 (Suppl.) : 1-62.
P.119 掲載の参考文献
1) Goto Y, et al. : A mutation in the tRNA (Leu) (UUR) gene associated with the MELAS subgroup of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Nature 1990 ; 348 : 651-653.
2) Koga Y, et al. : Heterogeneous presentation in A3243G mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA (Leu (UUR)) gene. Arch Dis Child 2000 ; 82 : 407-411.
3) Manouvrier S, et al. : Point mutation of the mitochondrial tRNA (Leu) gene (A 3243 G) in maternally inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and sensorineural deafness. J Med Genet 1995 ; 32 : 654-656.
4) Hsu PC, et al. : Adult-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy manifested as initial major presentation of mitochondrial disease with A-to-G 3243 tRNA (Leu (UUR)) point mutation. Int J Cardiol 2008 ; 129 : 441-443.
5) Majamaa-Voltti K, et al. : Cardiac abnormalities in patients with mitochondrial DNA mutation 3243A > G. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2002 ; 2 : 12.
6) Momiyama Y, et al. : Rapid progression of cardiomyopathy in mitochondrial diabetes. Jpn Circ J 1999 ; 63 : 130-132.
P.121 掲載の参考文献
1) Ghirlanda G, et al. : Evidence of plasma CoQ10-lowering effect by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors : a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Pharmacol 1993 ; 33 : 226-229.
2) 日本循環器学会, 他 : 急性・慢性心不全診療ガイドライン (2017年改定版).
3) 日本循環器学会, 他 : 2021年JCS/JHFSガイドライン フォーカスアップデート版 急性・慢性心不全診療.
4) 村上智明, 他 : 日本小児循環器学会小児心不全薬物治療ガイドライン (平成27年改訂版). 日小児循環器会誌 2015 ; 31 (Suppl. 2) : S2.1-S2.36.
5) 日本循環器学会, 他 : 2021年改訂版 重症心不全に対する植込型補助人工心臓治療ガイドライン.
6) Weiner JG, et al. : Heart Transplantation in Children with Mitochondrial Disease. J Pediatr 2020 ; 217 : 46-51.e4.
7) Parikh S, et al. : Solid organ transplantation in primary mitochondrial disease : Proceed with caution. Mol Genet Metab 2016 ; 118 : 178-184.
P.124 掲載の参考文献
1) Gibson K, et al. : Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorders presenting in neonates : clinical manifestations and enzymatic and molecular diagnoses. Pediatrics 2008 ; 122 : 1003-1008.
2) Honzik T, et al. : Neonatal onset of mitochondrial disorders in 129 patients : clinical and laboratory characteristics and a new approach to diagnosis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012 ; 35 : 749-759.
3) Ebihara T, et al. : Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease : clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022 ; 107 : 329-334.
4) Piquereau J, et al. : Maturation of Cardiac Energy Metabolism During Perinatal Development. Front Physiol 2018 ; 9 : 959.
5) Naess K, et al. : Clinical Presentation, Genetic Etiology, and Coenzyme Q10 Levels in 55 Children with Combined Enzyme Deficiencies of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain. J Pediatr 2021 ; 228 : 240-251.
6) Barca E, et al. : Mitochondrial diseases in North America : An analysis of the NAMDC Registry. Neurol Genet 2020 ; 6 : e402.
P.126 掲載の参考文献
1) Ebihara T, et al. : Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease : clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022 ; 107 : 329-334.
2) Gibson K, et al. : Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorders presenting in neonates : clinical manifestations and enzymatic and molecular diagnoses. Pediatrics 2008 ; 122 : 1003-1008.
3) Naess K, et al. : Clinical Presentation, Genetic Etiology, and Coenzyme Q10 Levels in 55 Children with Combined Enzyme Deficiencies of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain. J Pediatr 2021 ; 228 : 240-251.
4) Uusimaa J, et al. : Reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency is a unique, genetically heterogenous mitochondrial disease. J Med Genet 2011 ; 48 : 660-668.
P.128 掲載の参考文献
1) Kohda M, et al. : A Comprehensive Genomic Analysis Reveals the Genetic Landscape of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex Deficiencies. PLoS Genet 2016 ; 12 : e1005679.
2) Ebihara T, et al. : Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease : clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022 ; 107 : 329-334.
3) Distelmaier F, et al. : Treatable mitochondrial diseases : cofactor metabolism and beyond. Brain 2017 ; 140 : e11.
4) 春山瑳依子, 他 : 遺伝カウンセリングと出生前診断. 小児内科 2022 ; 54 : 563-569.
5) Akiyama N, et al. : Prenatal diagnosis of severe mitochondrial diseases caused by nuclear gene defects : a study in Japan. Sci Rep 2021 ; 11 : 3531.
P.131 掲載の参考文献
1) Ebihara T, et al. : Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease : clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022 ; 107 : 329-334.
2) Naess K, et al. : Clinical Presentation, Genetic Etiology, and Coenzyme Q10 Levels in 55 Children with Combined Enzyme Deficiencies of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain. J Pediatr 2021 ; 228 : 240-251.
3) Honzik T, et al. : Neonatal onset of mitochondrial disorders in 129 patients : clinical and laboratory characteristics and a new approach to diagnosis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012 ; 35 : 749-759.
4) Gibson K, et al. : Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorders presenting in neonates : clinical manifestations and enzymatic and molecular diagnoses. Pediatrics 2008 ; 122 : 1003-1008.
5) Kruse O, et al. : Blood lactate as a predictor for in-hospital mortality in patients admitted acutely to hospital : a systematic review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2011 ; 19 : 74.
6) Saudubray JM, et al. : Defects of the Respiratory Chain. In : Inborn Metabolic Disease. 5th ed., Springer, 2012 : 224-238.
7) Sue CM, et al. : Neonatal presentations of mitochondrial metabolic disorders. Semin Perinatol 1999 ; 23 : 113-124
P.134 掲載の参考文献
1) チョッケ, 他, 松原洋一 (監訳) : 小児代謝疾患マニュアル. 改訂第2版 (原著第3版), 診断と治療社, 2013 : 1-5, 15-16.
2) Ebihara T, et al. : Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease : clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022 ; 107 : 329-334.
3) Murayama K, et al. : Recent topics : the diagnosis, molecular genesis, and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. J Hum Genet 2019 ; 64 : 113-125.
4) 村山圭 : ミトコンドリア病と臨床化学. 臨床化学 2020 ; 49 : 182-191.
5) 日本先天代謝異常学会 (編) : 新生児マススクリーニング対象疾患等診療ガイドライン 2019. 診断と治療社, 2019 : 2-3, 10.
P.137 掲載の参考文献
1) Ebihara T, et al. : Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease : clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022 ; 107 : 329-334.
2) Omata T, et al. : Drugs indicated for mitochondrial dysfunction as treatments for acute encephalopathy with onset of febrile convulsive status epileptics. J Neuro Sci 2016 ; 360 : 57-60.
3) 海老原知博, 他 : 新生児科医が遭遇する代謝救急疾患における診断と管理の実際. 日新生児成育会誌 2022 ; 34 : 21-29.
4) Danhauser K, et al. : Treatment options for lactic acidosis and metabolic crisis in children with mitochondrial disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015 ; 38 : 467-475.
5) 梶俊策 : ミトコンドリア病の治療・代謝救急. 小児内科 2022 ; 54 : 570-576.
6) Honzik T, et al. : Neonatal onset of mitochondrial disorders in 129 patients : clinical and laboratory characteristics and a new approach to diagnosis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012 ; 35 : 749-759.
7) Imai-Okazaki A, et al. : Cardiomyopathy in children with mitochondrial disease : Prognosis and genetic background. Int J Cardiol 2019 ; 279 : 115-121.
8) 加藤いづみ, 他 : 新生児期発症ミトコンドリア呼吸鎖異常症の兄妹例. 日小児会誌 2012 ; 116 : 1717-1723.
P.138 掲載の参考文献
1) Pavlakis SG, et al. : Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes : a distinctive clinical syndrome. Ann Neurol 1984 ; 16 : 481-488.
2) Goto Y, et al. : A mutation in the tRNA (Leu) (UUR) gene associated with the MELAS subgroup of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Nature 1990 ; 348 : 651-653.
3) Hasegawa H, et al. : Strongly succinate dehydrogenase-reactive blood vessels in muscles from patients with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. Ann Neurol 1991 ; 29 : 601-605.
4) Yoneda M, et al. : Vasogenic edema on MELAS : a serial study with diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Neurology 1999 ; 53 : 2182-2183.
5) Ohsawa Y, et al. : Taurine supplementation for prevention of stroke-like episodes in MELAS : a multicentre, open-label, 52-week phase III trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019 ; 90 : 529-536.
6) Yatsuga S, et al. : MELAS : a nationwide prospective cohort study of 96 patients in Japan. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012 ; 1820 : 619-624.
P.139 掲載の参考文献
1) Finsterer J : Manifestations of the mitochondrial A3243G mutation. Int J Cardiol 2009 ; 137 : 60-62.
2) Yatsuga S, et al. : MELAS : a nationwide prospective cohort study of 96 patients in Japan. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012 ; 1820 : 619-624.
3) La Morgia C, et al. : Mitochondrial diseases in adults. J Intern Med 2020 ; 287 : 592-608.
4) Ng YS, et al. : Forecasting stroke-like episodes and outcomes in mitochondrial disease. Brain 2022 ; 145 : 542-554.
5) Fan HC, et al. : Clinical Characteristics of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes. Life (Basel) 2021 ; 11 : 1111.
P.141 掲載の参考文献
1) Ayman W El-Hattab, et al. : MELAS. GeneReviews(R) 2001 [updated 2018].
2) Zhang Z, et al. : Survival analysis of a cohort of Chinese patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) based on clinical features. J Neurol Sci 2018 ; 385 : 151-155.
3) Yatsuga S, et al. : MELAS : a nationwide prospective cohort study of 96 patients in Japan. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012 ; 1820 : 619-624.
4) Bhatia KD, et al. : Acute Cortical Lesions in MELAS Syndrome : Anatomic Distribution, Symmetry, and Evolution. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020 ; 41 : 167-173.
5) Iizuka T, et al. : Neuronal hyperexcitability in stroke-like episodes of MELAS syndrome. Neurology 2002 ; 59 : 816-824.
6) Iizuka T, et al. : Slowly progressive spread of the stroke-like lesions in MELAS. Neurology 2003 ; 61 : 1238-1244.
7) Yoneda M, et al. : Vasogenic edema on MELAS : a serial study with diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Neurology 1999 ; 53 : 2182-2184.
8) Finsterer J, et al. : Metabolic stroke or stroke-like lesion : Peculiarities of a phenomenon. J Neurol Sci 2020 ; 412 : 116726.
9) Oyama M, et al. : Neuroimaging pattern and pathophysiology of cerebellar stroke-like lesions in MELAS with m.3243A > G mutation : a case report. BMC Neurol 2020 ; 20 : 167.
10) Li Y, et al. : Reversible Dilation of Cerebral Macrovascular Changes in MELAS Episodes. Clin Neuroradiol 2019 ; 29 : 321-329.
11) Wang R, et al. : Metabolic abnormality in acute stroke-like lesion and its relationship with focal cerebral blood flow in patients with MELAS : Evidence from proton MR spectroscopy and arterial spin labeling. Mitochondrion 2021 ; 59 : 276-282.
12) Whitehead MT, et al. : Black Toenail Sign in MELAS Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2017 ; 75 : 61-65.
13) Finsterer J, et al. : Stroke-Like Lesion in an m.3243A > G Carrier Presenting as Hyperperfusion and Hypometabolism. Cureus 2021 ; 13 : e15487.
14) Ikawa M, et al. : Molecular imaging for mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress in mitochondrial diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021 ; 1865 : 129832.
15) Nariai T, et al. : Discordance between cerebral oxygen and glucose metabolism, and hemodynamics in a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episode patient. J Neuroimaging 2001 ; 11 : 325-329.
16) Ikawa M, et al. : PET imaging of redox and energy states in stroke-like episodes of MELAS. Mitochondrion 2009 ; 9 : 144-148.
17) Ng YS, et al. : Forecasting stroke-like episodes and outcomes in mitochondrial disease. Brain 2022 ; 145 : 542-554.
18) Weiduschat N, et al. : Cerebral metabolic abnormalities in A3243G mitochondrial DNA mutation carriers. Neurology 2014 ; 82 : 798-805.
19) Ohsawa Y, et al. : Taurine supplementation for prevention of stroke-like episodes in MELAS : a multicentre, open-label, 52-week phase III trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019 ; 90 : 529-536.
20) Ohama E, et al. : Mitochondrial angiopathy in cerebral blood vessels of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Acta Neuropathol 1987 ; 74 : 226-233.
21) Katayama Y, et al. : Accumulation of oxidative stress around the stroke-like lesions of MELAS patients. Mitochondrion 2009 ; 9 : 306-313.
22) Li J, et al. : Epilepsy Associated With Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes. Front Neurol 2021 ; 12 : 675816.
23) Finsterer J : The metabolic hypothesis is more likely than the epileptogenic hypothesis to explain stroke-like lesions. Wellcome Open Res 2020 ; 5 : 51.
24) Anglin RE, et al. : The psychiatric manifestations of mitochondrial disorders : a case and review of the literature. J Clin Psychiatry 2012 ; 73 : 506-512.
25) Rikimaru M, et al. : Taurine ameliorates impaired the mitochondrial function and prevents stroke-like episodes in patients with MELAS. Intern Med 2012 ; 51 : 3351-3357.
P.144 掲載の参考文献
1) Gorman GS, et al. : Mitochondrial diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primer 2016 ; 2 : 16080.
2) El-Hattab AW, et al. : MELAS. GeneReviews(R) 2001 [updated 2018].
3) Yatsuga S, et al. : MELAS : a nationwide prospective cohort study of 96 patients in Japan. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012 ; 1820 : 619-624.
4) Baszynska-Wilk M, et al. : Endocrine disorders in a patient with a suspicion of a mitochondrial disease, MELAS syndrome-a case report and literature review. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2021 ; 27 : 213-218.
5) Fan HC, et al. : Clinical Characteristics of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes. Life (Basal) 2021 ; 11 : 1111.
6) Hsu YHR, et al. : MELAS syndrome and cardiomyopathy : linking mitochondrial function to heart failure pathogenesis. Heart Fail Rev 2016 ; 21 : 103-116.
7) Crundwell G, et al. : Cochlear Implantation in Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes Syndrome : Case Presentation. J Int Adv Otol 2022 ; 18 : 71-73.
8) Sekine Y, et al. : Characteristics of intestinal pseudo-obstruction in patients with mitochondrial diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2012 ; 18 : 4557-4562.
P.148 掲載の参考文献
1) Pavlakis SG, et al. : Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes : A distinctive clinical syndrome. Ann Neurol 1984 ; 16 : 481-488.
2) Goto Y, et al. : A mutation in the tRNA (Leu) (UUR) gene associated with the MELAS subgroup of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Nature 1990 ; 348 : 651-653.
3) 須藤章, 他 : 頻回の卒中様発作を呈したMELASに対するL-arginene静注療法 : -有効な投与時期について-. 脳と発達 2014 ; 46 : 39-43.
4) Mehrazin M, et al. : Longitudinal changes of mtDNA A3243G mutation load and level of functioning in MELAS. Am J Med Genet A 2009 ; 149A : 584-587.
5) Yatuga S, et al. : MELAS : A nationwide prospective cohort study of 96 patients in Japan. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012 ; 1820 : 619-624.
6) Miyahara H, et al. : Autopsied case with MERRF/MELAS overlap syndrome accompanied by stroke-like episodes localized to the precentral gyrus. Neuropathology 2019 ; 39 : 212-217.
7) Wei Y, et al. : MELAS/LS Overlap Syndrome Associated With Mitochondrial DNA Mutations : Clinical, Genetic, and Radiological Studies. Front Neurol 2021 ; 12 : 648740.
8) Lorenzoni PJ, et al. : When should MELAS (Mitochondrial myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes) be the diagnosis? Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2015 ; 73 : 959-967.
9) 井川正道, 他 : ミトコンドリア病. 日内会誌 2017 ; 106 : 1584-1590.
10) Foswiki : Mitomap's confirmed pathogenic mutations. https://www.mitomap.org/MITOMAP/ConfirmedMutations
P.151 掲載の参考文献
1) Mitomap's confirmed pathogenic mutations. https://www.mitomap.org/MITOMAP/ConfirmedMutations
2) El-Hattab AW, et al. : MELAS. GeneReviews(R) 2001 [updated 2018].
3) Cheldi A, et al. : POLG1 mutations and stroke like episodes : a distinct clinical entity rather than an atypical MELAS syndrome. BMC Neurol 2013 ; 13 : 8.
4) Garone C, et al. : Defective mitochondrial rRNA methyltransferase MRM2 causes MELAS-like clinical syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2017 ; 26 : 4257-4266.
5) Yoo DH, et al. : Identification of FASTKD2 compound heterozygous mutations as the underlying cause of autosomal recessive MELAS-like syndrome. Mitochondrion 2017 ; 35 : 54-58.
P.154 掲載の参考文献
1) Liufu T, et al. : Treatment for mitochondrial diseases. Rev Neurosci 2021 ; 32 : 35-47.
2) Hirano M, et al. : Emerging therapies for mitochondrial diseases. Essays Biochem 2018 ; 62 : 467-481.
3) Janssen MCH, et al. : The KHENERGY Study : Safety and Efficacy of KH176 in Mitochondrial m.3243A > G Spectrum Disorders. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019 ; 105 : 101-111.
4) Koga Y, et al. : Therapeutic regimen of L-arginine for MELAS : 9-year, prospective, multicenter, clinical research. J Neurol 2018 ; 265 : 2861-2874.
5) Ohsawa Y, et al. : Taurine supplementation for prevention of stroke-like episodes in MELAS : a multicentre, open-label, 52-week phase III trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019 ; 90 : 529-536.
6) Kirino Y, et al. : Codon-specific translational defect caused by a wobble modification deficiency in mutant tRNA from a human mitochondrial disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004 ; 101 : 15070-15075.
7) Rikimaru M, et al. : Taurine ameliorates impaired the mitochondrial function and prevents stroke-like episodes in patients with MELAS. Intern Med 2012 ; 51 : 3351-3357.
8) Parikh S, et al. : Patient care standerds for primary mitochondrial disease : a concensus statment from the Mitochondrial Medicine Society. Genet Med 2017 ; 19 : 1380-1397.
9) Ng YS, et al. : Consensus-based statements for the management of mitochondrial stroke-like episodes. Wellcome Open Res 2019 ; 4 : 201.
10) Stefanetti RJ, et al. : l-Arginine in Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes : A Systematic Review. Neurology 2022 ; 98 : e2318-e2328.
P.156 掲載の参考文献
1) 古賀靖敏 : ミトコンドリア脳筋症. 小児臨 2021 ; 65 : 853-859.
2) AW EL-Hattab, et al. : MELAS. GeneReviews(R) 2001 [updated 2018].
3) Jeppesen TD : Aerobic Exercise Training in Patients With mtDNA-Related Mitochondrial Myopathy. Front Physiol 2020 ; 11 : 349.
4) Wellcome Centre Mitochondrial Research : General information about mitochondria disease. https://www.newcastle-mitochondria.com/patient-andpublic-home-page/general-information-about-mitochondrial-disease/
5) 若年性認知症疾者の就労支援のための調査研究事業検討委員会委員 : 若年性認知症における治療と仕事の両立に関する手引き. 令和3年度厚生労働省老人保健健康増進事業, 2021 https://www.mizuho-rt.co.jp/case/research/pdf/r03mhlw_kaigo2021_01.pdf
P.157 掲載の参考文献
1) Kaufmann P, et al. : Natural history of MELAS associated with mitochondrial DNA m.3243A > G genotype. Neurology 2011 ; 77 : 1965-1971.
2) Malfatti E, et al. : High risk of severe cardiac adverse events in patients with mitochondrial m.3243A > G mutation. Neurology 2013 ; 80 : 100-105.
3) Zhang Z, et al. : Survival analysis of a cohort of Chinese patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) based on clinical features. J Neurol Sci 2018 ; 385 : 151-155.
4) Yatsuga S, et al. : MELAS : a nationwide prospective cohort study of 96 patients in Japan. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012 ; 1820 : 619-624.
P.158 掲載の参考文献
1) Fukuhara N, et al. : Myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibres (mitochondrial abnormalities) : disease entity or a syndrome? Light-and electron-microscopic studies of two cases and review of literature. J Neurol Sci 1980 ; 47 : 117-133.
2) DiMauro S, et al. : Clinical features and genetics of myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers. Adv Neurol 2002 ; 89 : 217-229.
3) Shoffner JM, et al. : Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fiber disease (MERRF) is associated with a mitochondrial DNA tRNA (Lys) mutation. Cell 1990 ; 61 : 931-937.
4) Yoneda M, et al. : A common mitochondrial DNA mutation in the t-RNA (Lys) of patients with myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibers. Biochem Int 1990 ; 21 : 789-796.
5) Shoffner JM, et al. : Mitochondrial genetics : principles and practice. Am J Hum Genet 1992 ; 51 : 1179-1186.
6) Yoneda M, et al. : Complementation of mutant and wild-type human mitochondrial DNAs coexisting since the mutation event and lack of complementation of DNAs introduced separately into a cell within distinct organelles. Mol Cell Biol 1994 ; 14 : 2699-2712.
7) Mancuso M, et al. : Phenotypic heterogeneity of the 8344A > G mtDNA "MERRF" mutation. Neurology 2013 ; 80 : 2049-2054.
8) Altmann J, et al. : Expanded phenotypic spectrum of the m.8344A > G "MERRF" mutation : data from the German mitoNET registry. J Neurol 2016 ; 263 : 961-972.
9) Velez-Bartolomei F, et al. : MERRF. GeneReviews(R) 2003 [updated 2021].
10) Finsterer J, et al. : MERRF Classification : Implications for Diagnosis and Clinical Trials. Pediatr Neurol 2018 ; 80 : 8-23.
P.162 掲載の参考文献
1) Fukuhara N, et al. : Myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibres (mitochondrial abnormalities) : disease entity or a syndrome? Light-and electron-microscopic studies of two cases and review of literature. J Neurol Sci 1980 ; 47 : 117-133.
2) DiMauro S, et al. : Clinical features and genetics of myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers. Adv Neurol 2002 ; 89 : 217-229.
3) Mancuso M, et al. : Phenotypic heterogeneity of the 8344A > G mtDNA "MERRF" mutation. Neurology 2013 ; 80 : 2049-2054.
4) Altmann J, et al. : Expanded phenotypic spectrum of the m.8344A > G "MERRF" mutation : data from the German mitoNET registry. J Neurol 2016 ; 263 : 961-972.
5) Hirano M, et al. : Clinical Features of Mitochondrial Myopathies and Encephalomyopathies. In : Handbook of Muscle Disease. Marcel Dekker Inc, 1996 : 479-504.
6) Finsterer J, et al. : MERRF Classification : Implications for Diagnosis and Clinical Trials. Pediatr Neurol 2018 ; 80 : 8-23.
7) Ozawa M, et al. : The 8,344 mutation in mitochondrial DNA : a comparison between the proportion of mutant DNA and clinico-pathologic findings. Neuromuscul Disord 1995 ; 5 : 483-488.
8) Berkovic SF, et al. : Myoclonus epilepsy and ragged-red fibres (MERRF). 1. A clinical, pathological, biochemical, magnetic resonance spectrographic and positron emission tomographic study. Brain 1989 ; 112 : 1231-1260.
9) Mancuso M, et al. : MERRF syndrome without ragged-red fibers : the need for molecular diagnosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007 ; 354 : 1058-1060.
10) Matsuoka T, et al. : Muscle histopathology in myoclonus epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF). J Neurol Sci 1991 ; 106 : 193-198.
P.164 掲載の参考文献
1) Finsterer J, et al. : MERRF Classification : Implications for Diagnosis and Clinical Trials. Pediatr Neurol 2018 ; 80 : 8-23.
2) Lorenzoni PJ, et al. : When should MERRF (myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibers) be the diagnosis? Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2014 ; 72 : 803-811.
3) Velez-Bartolomei F, et al. : MERRF. GeneReviews(R) 2003 [updated 2021].
4) DiMauro S, et al. : Clinical features and genetics of myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers. Adv Neurol 2002 ; 89 : 217-229.
5) Shoffner JM, et al. : Mitochondrial genetics : principles and practice. Am J Hum Genet 1992 ; 51 : 1179-1186.
6) Mancuso M, et al. : Phenotypic heterogeneity of the 8344A > G mtDNA "MERRF" mutation. Neurology 2013 ; 80 : 2049-2054.
7) Hammans SR, et al. : Mitochondrial encephalopathies : molecular genetic diagnosis from blood samples. Lancet 1991 ; 337 : 1311-1313.
8) Shahwan A, et al. : Progressive myoclonic epilepsies : a review of genetic and therapeutic aspects. Lancet Neurol 2005 ; 4 : 239-248.
9) Hallmann K, et al. : A homozygous splice-site mutation in CARS2 is associated with progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Neurology 2014 ; 83 : 2183-2187.
10) Chong PS, et al. : Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (Madelung's Disease) Caused by the MERRF (A8344G) Mutation : A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2003 ; 5 : 1-7.
P.167 掲載の参考文献
1) Shoffner JM, et al. : Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fiber disease (MERRF) is associated with a mitochondrial DNA tRNA (Lys) mutation. Cell 1990 ; 61 : 931-937.
2) Yoneda M, et al. : A common mitochondrial DNA mutation in the t-RNA (Lys) of patients with myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibers. Biochem Int 1990 ; 21 : 789-796.
3) Yasukawa T, et al. : Wobble modification deficiency in mutant tRNAs in patients with mitochondrial diseases. FEBS Lett 2005 ; 579 : 2948-2952.
4) Chomyn A, et al. : In vitro genetic transfer of protein synthesis and respiration defects to mitochondrial DNA-less cells with myopathy-patient mitochondria. Mol Cell Biol 1991 ; 11 : 2236-2244.
5) Wallace DC, et al. : Familial mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MERRF) : genetic, pathophysiological, and biochemical characterization of a mitochondrial DNA disease. Cell 1988 ; 55 : 601-610.
6) Yoneda M, et al. : Complementation of mutant and wild-type human mitochondrial DNAs coexisting since the mutation event and lack of complementation of DNAs introduced separately into a cell within distinct organelles. Mol Cell Biol 1994 ; 14 : 2699-2712.
7) Tanno Y, et al. : Uniform tissue distribution of tRNA (Lys) mutation in mitochondrial DNA in MERRF patients. Neurology 1993 ; 43 : 1198-1200.
8) Mancuso M, et al. : Phenotypic heterogeneity of the 8344A > G mtDNA "MERRF" mutation. Neurolog 2013 ; 80 : 2049-2054.
9) Shoffner JM, et al. : Mitochondrial genetics : principles and practice. Am J Hum Genet 1992 ; 51 : 1179-1186.
10) Finsterer J, et al. : MERRF Classification : Implications for Diagnosis and Clinical Trials. Pediatr Neurol 2018 ; 80 : 8-23.
11) MITOMAP. https://www.mitomap.org/MITOMAP (2022年8月29日アクセス)
12) Human DNA Polymerase Gamma Mutation Database. https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/polg/ (2022年8月29日アクセス)
13) Velez-Bartolomei F, et al. : MERRF. GeneReviews(R) 2003 [updated 2021].
14) Hirano M, et al. : Clinical Features of Mitochondrial Myopathies and Encephalomyopathies. In : Handbook of Muscle Disease. Marcel Dekker Inc, 1996 : 479-504.
P.169 掲載の参考文献
1) Velez-Bartolomei F, et al. : MERRF. GeneReviews(R) 2003 [updated 2021].
2) Mancuso M, et al. : Phenotypic heterogeneity of the 8344A > G mtDNA "MERRF" mutation. Neurology 2013 ; 80 : 2049-2054.
3) DiMauro S, et al. : Clinical features and genetics of myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers. Adv Neurol 2002 ; 89 : 217-229.
4) Parikh S, et al. : Diagnosis and management of mitochondrial disease : a consensus statement from the Mitochondrial Medicine Society. Genet Med 2015 ; 17 : 689-701.
5) Sharma H, et al. : Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy : A review. Heliyon 2020 ; 6 : e04643.
6) Wahbi K, et al. : Cardiac involvement is frequent in patients with the m.8344A > G mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Neurology 2010 ; 74 : 674-677.
7) Blakely EL, et al. : Distal weakness with respiratory insufficiency caused by the m.8344A > G "MERRF" mutation. Neuromuscul Disord 2014 ; 24 : 533-536.
P.171 掲載の参考文献
1) Finsterer J, et al. : Management of epilepsy in MERRF syndrome. Seizure 2017 ; 50 : 166-170.
2) Zsurka G, et al. : Mitochondrial dysfunction and seizures : the neuronal energy crisis. Lancet Neurol 2015 ; 14 : 956-966.
3) Ozawa M, et al. : The 8,344 mutation in mitochondrial DNA : a comparison between the proportion of mutant DNA and clinico-pathologic findings. Neuromuscul Disord 1995 ; 5 : 483-488.
4) So N, et al. : Myoclonus epilepsy and ragged-red fibres (MERRF). 2. Electrophysiological studies and comparison with other progressive myoclonus epilepsies. Brain 1989 ; 112 : 1261-1276.
5) Berkovic SF, et al. : Myoclonus epilepsy and ragged-red fibres (MERRF). 1. A clinical, pathological, biochemical, magnetic resonance spectrographic and positron emission tomographic study. Brain 1989 ; 112 : 1231-1260.
6) Finsterer J : Pharmacotherapeutic management of epilepsy in MERRF syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019 ; 20 : 1289-1297.
7) Mancuso M, et al. : Myoclonus in mitochondrial disorders. Mov Disord 2014 ; 29 : 722-728.
8) Michelucci R, et al. : Myoclonus and seizures in progressive myoclonus epilepsies : pharmacology and therapeutic trials. Epileptic Disord 2016 ; 18 : 145-153.
9) Finsterer J, et al. : Mitochondrial toxicity of antiepileptic drugs and their tolerability in mitochondrial disorders. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012 ; 8 : 71-79.
P.173 掲載の参考文献
1) Bau V, et al. : Update on chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Strabismus 2005 ; 13 : 133-142.
2) Kearns TP, et al. : Retinitis pigmentosa, external ophthalmophegia, and complete heart block : unusual syndrome with histologic study in one of two cases. AMA Arch Ophthalmol 1958 ; 60 : 280-289.
3) Shy GM, et al. : A generalized disorder of nervous system, skeletal muscle and heart resembling Refsum's disease and Hurler's syndrome. I. Clinical, pathologic and biochemical characteristics. Am J Med 1967 ; 42 : 163-168.
4) Zintz R, et al. : Elektronenmikroskopische Befunde bei 3 Fallen von chronisch progressiver okularer Muskeldystrophie. Ophthalmologica 1967 ; 153 : 439-459.
5) Holt IJ, et al. : Mitochondrial myopathies : clinical and biochemical features of 30 patients with major deletions of muscle mitochondrial DNA. Ann Neurol 1989 ; 26 : 699-708.
6) Rowland LP : Molecular genetics, pseudogenetics, and clinical neurology. The Robert Wartenberg Lecture. Neurology 1983 ; 33 : 1179-1195.
7) Petty RK, et al. : The clinical features of mitochondrial myopathy. Brain 1986 ; 109 : 915-938.
8) Berenberg RA, et al. : Lumping or splitting? "Ophthalmoplegia-plus" or Kearns-Sayre syndrome? Ann Neurol 1977 ; 1 : 37-54.
9) Mancuso M, et al. : Redefining phenotypes associated with mitochondrial DNA single deletion. J Neurol 2015 ; 262 : 1301-1309.
10) Goldstein A, et al. : Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Syndromes. GeneReviews(R) 2003 [updated 2019].
P.174 掲載の参考文献
1) Moraes CT, et al. : Mitochondrial DNA deletions in progressive
2) 後藤雄一 : 慢性進行性外眼筋麻痺症候群, Kearns-Sayre症候群. 別冊 日本臨牀 新領域別症候群シリーズ 骨格筋症候群 (第2版) 下, 2015 : 198-201.
3) McClelland C, et al. : Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016 ; 16 : 53.
4) Sommervillea EW, et al. : Adult-onset Mendelian PEO Associated with Mitochondrial Disease Article type. J Neuromuscul Dis 2014 ; 1 : 119-133.
5) Sommerville EW, et al. : Identification of a novel heterozygous guanosine monophosphate reductase (GMPR) variant in a patient with a late-onset disorder of mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Clin Genet 2020 ; 97 : 276-286.
6) Reyes A, et al. : RNASEH1 Mutations Impair mtDNA Replication and Cause Adult-Onset Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2015 ; 97 : 186-193.
7) Nicholls TJ, et al. : Topoisomerase 3α Is Required for Decatenation and Segregation of Human mtDNA. Mol Cell 2018 ; 69 : 9-23.
8) Feichtinger RG, et al. : Biallelic C1QBP Mutations Cause Severe Neonatal-, Childhood-, or Later-Onset Cardiomyopathy Associated with Combined Respiratory-Chain Deficiencies. Am J Hum Genet 2017 ; 101 : 525-538.
9) Olahova M, et al. : POLRMT mutations impair mitochondrial transcription causing neurological disease. Nat Commun 2021 ; 12 : 1135.
10) Van Goethem G, et al. : Mutation of POLG is associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia characterized by mtDNA deletions. Nat Genet 2011 ; 28 : 211-212.
11) Spelbrink JN, et al. : Human mitochondrial DNA deletions associated with mutations in the gene encoding Twinkle, a phage T7 gene 4-like protein localized in mitochondria. Nat Genet 2001 ; 28 : 223-231.
12) Tyynismaa H, et al. : A heterozygous truncating mutation in RRM2B causes autosomal-dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia with multiple mtDNA deletions. Am J Hum Genet 2009 ; 85 : 290-295.
13) Kaukonen J, et al. : Role of adenine nucleotide translocator 1 in mtDNA maintenance. Science 2000 ; 289 : 782-785.
14) Kornblum C, et al. : Loss-of-function mutamutations in MGME1 impair mtDNA replication and cause multisystemic mitochondrial disease. Nat Genet 2013 ; 45 : 214-219.
P.177 掲載の参考文献
1) Schaefer AM, et al. : The epidemiology of mitochondrial disorders--past, present and future. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004 ; 1659 : 115-120.
2) Schaefer AM, et al. : Prevalence of mitochondrial DNA disease in adults. Ann Neurol 2008 ; 63 : 35-39.
3) Gorman GS, et al. : Prevalence of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mutations related to adult mitochondrial disease. Ann Neurol 2015 ; 77 : 753-759.
4) Remes AM, et al. : Prevalence of large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions in an adult Finnish population. Neurology 2005 ; 64 : 976-981.
5) Chinnery PF, et al. : Risk of developing a mitochondrial DNA deletion disorder. Lancet 2004 ; 364 : 592-596.
6) Khambatta S, et al. : Kearns-Sayre syndrome : a case series of 35 adults and children. Int J Gen Med 2014 ; 7 : 325-332.
7) Bjorkman K, et al. : Phenotypic spectrum and clinical course of single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletion disease in the paediatric population : a multicentre study. J Med Genet 2021 ; jmedgenet-2021-108006 [Online ahead of print].
8) Orsucci D, et al. : Revisiting mitochondrial ocular myopathies : a study from the Italian Network. J Neurol 2017 ; 264 : 1777-1784.
9) 古賀靖敏 : ミトコンドリア病の診断と治療. 脳と発達 2010 ; 42 : 124-129.
10) 牧野道子, 他 : ミトコンドリア病の疫学. 後藤文男, 他 (編), Annual Review神経 1999. 中外医学社, 1999 : 406.
11) Yamashita S, et al. : Genotype and phenotype analyses in 136 patients with single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions. J Hum Genet 2008 ; 53 : 598-606.
P.181 掲載の参考文献
1) 牧野道子, 他 : ミトコンドリア病の疫学. 後藤文男, 他 (編), Annual Review神経 1999. 中外医学社, 1999 : 406-412.
2) Khambatta S, et al. : Kearns-Sayre syndrome : a case series of 35 adults and children. Int J Gen Med 2014 ; 7 : 325-332.
3) Richardson C, et al. : Ocular motility findings in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Eye (Lond) 2005 ; 19 : 258-263.
4) Yamashita S, et al. : Genotype and phenotype analyses in 136 patients with single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions. J Hum Genet 2008 ; 53 : 598-606.
5) Orsucci D, et al. : Revisiting mitochondrial ocular myopathies : a study from the Italian Network. J Neurol 2017 ; 264 : 1777-1784.
6) Lee SJ, et al. : Ophthalmoplegia in Mitochondrial Disease. Yonsei Med J 2018 ; 59 : 1190-1196.
7) Rodriguez-Lopez C, et al. : Clinical, pathological and genetic spectrum in 89 cases of mitochondrial progressive external ophthalmoplegia. J Med Genet 2020 ; 57 : 643-646.
8) Anteneova N, et al. : The Phenotypic Spectrum of 47 Czech Patients with Single, Large-Scale Mitochondrial DNA Deletions. Brain Sci 2020 ; 10 : 766.
9) Berio A, et al. : Multiple endocrinopathies (growth hormone deficiency, autoimmune hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus) in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Pediatr Med Chir 2013 ; 35 : 137-140.
10) Emma F, et al. : "Bartter-like" phenotype in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2006 ; 21 : 355-360.
11) Filosto M, et al. : Clinical and genetic heterogeneity in progressive external ophthalmoplegia due to mutations in polymerase gamma. Arch Neurol 2003 ; 60 : 1279-1284.
12) Baloh RH, et al. : Familial parkinsonism and ophthalmoplegia from a mutation in the mitochondrial DNA helicase twinkle. Arch Neurol 2007 ; 64 : 998-1000.
13) Carelli V, et al. : Syndromic parkinsonism and dementia associated with OPA1 missense mutations. Ann Neurol 2015 ; 78 : 21-38.
14) Garone C, et al. : MPV17 Mutations Causing Adult-Onset Multisystemic Disorder With Multiple Mitochondrial DNA Deletions. Arch Neurol 2012 ; 69 : 1648-1651.
P.183 掲載の参考文献
1) 古賀靖敏 : MELAS のL-アルギニン療法. 柳澤信夫, 他 (編), Annual Review神経 2007, 中外医学社, 2007 : 233-245.
2) 古賀靖敏 : ミトコンドリア病の診断と治療-update review-. 脳と発達 2010 ; 42 : 124-129.
3) Kiloh LG, et al. : Progressive dystrophy of the external ocular muscles (ocular myopathy). Brain 1951 ; 74 : 115-143.
4) Kearns TP, et al. : Retinitis pigmentosa, external ophthalmoplegia and complete heart block : unusual syndrome with histologic study in one of two cases. AMA Arch Ophthalmol 1958 ; 60 : 280-289.
5) 厚生労働科学研究費補助金難治性疾患政策研究事業網膜脈絡膜・視神経萎縮症に関する調査研究班網膜色素変性診療ガイドライン作成ワーキンググループ : 網膜色素変性診療ガイドライン. 日眼会誌 2016 ; 120 : 846-861.
6) Miyake Y : Kerns-Sayer syndrome. In Electrodiagnosis of Retinal Disease. Springer Tokyo, 2006 : 61-63
7) 木村亜希子 : 挙筋機能検査. 根木昭 (監), 飯田知弘, 他 (編), 眼科検査ガイド. 第3版, 文光堂, 2022 : 332-333.
P.184 掲載の参考文献
1) Kabunga P, et al. : Systematic review of cardiac electrical disease in Kearns-Sayre syndrome and mitochondrial cytopathy. Int J Cardiol 2015 ; 181 : 303-310.
2) Berenberg RA, et al. : Lumping or splitting? "Ophthalmoplegia-plus" or Kearns-Sayre syndrome? Ann Neurol 1977 ; 1 : 37-54.
3) Imamura T, et al. : The necessity of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome-systematic review of the articles. Int J Cardiol 2019 ; 279 : 105-111.
4) Kusumoto FM, et al. : 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay : A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019 ; 74 : 932-987.
5) Khambatta S, et al. : Kearns-Sayre syndrome : a case series of 35 adults and children. Int J Gen Med 2014 ; 7 : 325-332.
6) Quadir A, et al. : Systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiac involvement in mitochondrial myopathy. Neurol Genet 2019 ; 5 : e339.
7) Yilmaz A, et al. : Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) reveals characteristic pattern of myocardial damage in patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Clin Res Cardiol 2012 ; 101 : 255-261.
P.186 掲載の参考文献
1) Zupanc ML, et al. : Deletion of mitochondrial DNA in patients with combined features of Kearns-Sayre and MELAS syndromes. Ann Neurol 1991 ; 29 : 680-683.
2) Emmanuele V, et al. : MERRF and Kearns-Sayre overlap syndrome due to the mitochondrial DNA m.3291T > C mutation. Muscle Nerve 2011 ; 44 : 448-451.
3) DiMauro S, et al. : Mitochondrial respiratory-chain diseases. N Engl J Med 2003 ; 348 : 2656-2668.
4) Pearson HA, et al. : A new syndrome of refractory sideroblastic anemia with vacuolization of marrow precursors and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. J Pediatr 1979 ; 95 : 976-984.
5) Larsson NG, et al. : Progressive increase of the mutated mitochondrial DNA fraction in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Pediatr Res 1990 ; 28 : 131-136.
6) 後藤雄一 : Pearson症候群. 別冊 日本臨牀 新領域別症候群シリーズ 骨格筋症候群 (第2版) 下, 2015 : 202-204.
7) Farruggia P, et al. : Pearson syndrome. Expert Rev Hematol 2018 ; 11 : 239-246.
8) 原朋子, 他 : 膵外分泌機能異常を主としたPearson病で発症し, Kearns-Sayre症候群へ移行した1例. 小児内科 2022 ; 54 : 593-597.
9) Nishino I, et al. : Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy : an autosomal recessive disorder due to thymidine phosphorylase mutations. Ann Neurol 2000 ; 47 : 792-800.
10) Hirano M, et al. : Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) : Position paper on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment by the MNGIE International Network. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021 ; 44 : 376-387.
11) Fadic R, et al. : Sensory ataxic neuropathy as the presenting feature of a novel mitochondrial disease. Neurology 1997 ; 49 : 239-245.
12) Van Goethem G, et al. : Recessive POLG mutations presenting with sensory and ataxic neuropathy in compound heterozygote patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Neuromuscul Disord 2003 ; 13 : 133-142.
13) Hudson G, et al. : Sensory ataxic neuropathy due to a novel C10Orf2 mutation with probable germline mosaicism. Neurology 2005 ; 64 : 371-373.
14) Bohlega S, et al. : Multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions associated with autosomal recessive ophthalmoplegia and severe cardiomyopathy. Neurology 1996 ; 46 : 1329-1334.
P.189 掲載の参考文献
1) Rodriguez-Lopez C, et al. : Clinical, pathological and genetic spectrum in 89 cases of mitochondrial progressive external ophthalmoplegia. J Med Genet 2020 ; 57 : 643-646.
2) 埜中征哉 : 臨床のための筋病理. 第4版, 日本医事新報社 2011 : 171.
3) 埜中征哉, 他 (編) : ミトコンドリア病. 医学書院, 1997 : 109.
4) Goto Y, et al. : Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia : a correlative study of mitochondrial DNA deletions and their phenotypic expression in muscle biopsies. J Neurol Sci 1990 ; 100 : 63-69.
5) Mancuso M, et al. : Redefining phenotypes associated with mitochondrial DNA single deletion. J Neurol 2015 ; 262 : 1301-1309.
6) Pineda M, et al. : Cerebral folate deficiency and leukoencephalopathy caused by a mitochondrial DNA deletion. Ann Neurol 2006 ; 59 : 394-398.
7) Tondo M, et al. : Biochemical parameters to assess choroid plexus dysfunction in Kearns-Sayre syndrome patients. Mitochondrion 2011 ; 11 : 867-870.
8) Serrano M, et al. : Kearns-Sayre syndrome : cerebral folate deficiency, MRI findings and new cerebrospinal fluid biochemical features. Mitochondrion 2010 ; 10 : 429-432.
9) Barragan-Campos HM, et al. : Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies. Arch Neurol 2005 ; 62 : 737-742.
10) Carlow TJ, et al. : MR of extraocular muscles in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998 ; 19 : 95-99.
11) McClelland C, et al. : Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016 ; 16 : 53.
12) Okamoto K, et al. : Atrophy of bilateral extraocular muscles. CT and clinical features of seven patients. J Neuroophthalmol 1996 ; 16 : 286-288.
P.191 掲載の参考文献
1) Lee AG, et al. : Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2002 ; 2 : 413-417.
2) Bau V, et al. : Update on chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Strabismus 2005 ; 13 : 133-142.
3) Berenberg RA, et al. : Lumping or splitting? "Ophthalmoplegia-plus" or Kearns-Sayre syndrome? Ann Neurol 1977 ; 1 : 37-54.
4) DiMauro S : Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies--fifty years on : the Robert Wartenberg Lecture. Neurology 2013 ; 81 : 281-291.
5) Pfeffer G, et al. : Ophthalmoplegia and ptosis : mitochondrial toxicity in patients receiving HIV therapy. Neurology 2009 ; 73 : 71-72.
6) Fraunfelder FW, et al. : Diplopia, blepharoptosis, and ophthalmoplegia and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor use. Ophthalmology 2008 ; 115 : 2282-2285.
P.192 掲載の参考文献
1) Ogasahara S, et al. : Treatment of Kearns-Sayre syndrome with coenzyme Q10. Neurology 1986 ; 36 : 45-53.
2) Bresolin N, et al. : Clinical and biochemical correlations in mitochondrial myopathies treated with coenzyme Q10. Neurology 1988 ; 38 : 892-899.
3) Pfeffer G, et al. : Treatment for mitochondrial disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 ; 2012 : CD004426.
4) Pineda M, et al. : Cerebral folate deficiency and leukoencephalopathy caused by a mitochondrial DNA deletion. Ann Neurol 2006 ; 59 : 394-398.
5) Omar A, et al. : Tetracycline delays ocular motility decline in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Neurology 2007 ; 68 : 1159-1160.
6) Mancuso M, et al. : Tetracycline treatment in patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Acta Neurol Scand 2011 ; 124 : 417-423.
7) Quijada-Fraile P, et al. : Follow-up of folinic acid supplementation for patients with cerebral folate deficiency and Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014 ; 9 : 217.
8) Kusumoto FM, et al. : 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay : A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019 ; 74 : 932-987.
9) Lee AG, et al. : Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2002 ; 2 : 413-417.
10) Cejudo P, et al. : Exercise training in mitochondrial myopathy : a randomized controlled trial. Muscle Nerve 2005 ; 32 : 342-50.
11) Taivassalo T, et al. : Endurance training and detraining in mitochondrial myopathies due to single large-scale mtDNA deletions. Brain 2006 ; 129 : 3391-3401.
12) Murphy JL, et al. : Resistance training in patients with single, large-scale deletions of mitochondrial DNA. Brain 2008 ; 131 : 2832-2840.
13) Tachibana M, et al. : Towards germline gene therapy of inherited mitochondrial diseases. Nature 2013 ; 493 : 627-631.
P.194 掲載の参考文献
1) Eshaghi M, et al. : Surgical management of ptosis in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021 ; 31 : 2064-2068.
2) 三村治 : 神経眼科学を学ぶ人のために. 第3版, 医学書院, 2017 : 249-251.
3) Kim JY, et al. : Strabismus in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Acta Ophthalmol 2021 ; 99 : e274-e280.
P.196 掲載の参考文献
1) Leber T : Uber hereditare und congenital-angelegte Sehnervenleiden. Graefe's Arch Ophthalmol 1871 ; 17 : 249-291.
2) Yu-Wai-Man P, et al. : Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. GeneReviews(R) 2000 [update 2021].
3) 井街譲 : レーベル氏病 附 優性型幼児性視神経萎縮症. 日眼会誌 1973 ; 77 : 1658-1735, 表2枚.
4) Wallace DC, et al. : Mitochondrial DNA mutation associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Science 1988 ; 242 : 1427-1430.
5) Jancic J, et al. : Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in the population of Serbia. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2014 ; 18 : 354-359.
6) Ueda K, et al. : Nationwide epidemiological survey of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in Japan. J Epidemiol 2017 ; 27 : 447-450.
7) Takano F, et al. : Incidence of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in 2019 in Japan : a second nationwide questionnaire survey. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022 ; 17 : 319.
8) Hotta Y, et al. : Clinical features of Japanese Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with 11778 mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1995 ; 39 : 96-108.
9) 中村誠, 他 : Leber遺伝性視神経症認定基準. 日眼会誌 2015 ; 119 : 339-346.
10) Wakakura M, et al. : Evidence for preserved direct pupillary light response in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Br J Ophthalmol 1995 ; 79 : 442-446.
11) Sadun AA, et al. : Extensive investigation of a large Brazilian pedigree of 11778/haplogroup J Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2003 ; 136 : 231-238.
12) Nakamura M, et al. : Variable pattern of visual recovery of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2000 ; 84 : 534-535.
13) Carelli V, et al. : Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of optic neuropathies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2004 ; 23 : 53-89.
P.200 掲載の参考文献
1) Newman NJ, et al. : The clinical characteristics of pedigrees of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with the 11778 mutation. Am J Ophthalmol 1991 ; 111 : 750-762.
2) Brenner L, et al. : Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy A report of two unusual cases. Neuro-Ophthalmol 1999 ; 22 : 239-244.
3) Nikoskelainen EK, et al. : Ophthalmologic findings in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, with special reference to mtDNA mutations. Ophthalmology 1996 ; 103 : 504-514.
4) Riordan-Eva P, et al. : The clinical features of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy defined by the presence of a pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutation. Brain 1995 ; 118 : 319-337.
5) Nikoskelainen E, et al. : The early phase in Leber hereditary optic atrophy. Arch Ophthalmol 1977 ; 95 : 969-978.
6) Carroll WM, et al. : Leber's optic neuropathy : a clinical and visual evoked potential study of affected and asymptomatic members of a six generation family. Brain 1979 ; 102 : 559-580.
7) Wakakura M, et al. : Evidence for preserved direct pupillary light response in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Br J Ophthalmol 1995 ; 79 : 442-446.
8) Weiner NC, et al. : Atypical Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with molecular confirmation. Arch Neurol 1993 ; 50 : 470-473.
9) Smith JL, et al. : Ocular fundus in acute Leber optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1973 ; 90 : 349-354.
10) Mashima Y, et al. : Optic disc excavation in the atrophic stage of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy : comparison with normal tension glaucoma. Graefs Arch Clin Exp Ophthalnol 2003 ; 241 : 75-80.
11) Rose FC, et al. : The heart in Leber's optic atrophy. Br J Ophthlmol 1970 ; 4 : 388-393.
12) Mashima Y, et al. : High incidence of pre-excitation syndrome in Japanese families with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Clin Genet 1996 ; 50 : 535-537.
13) Nikoskelainen EK, et al. : Leber's "plus" : neurological abnormalities in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995 ; 59 : 160-164.
P.202 掲載の参考文献
1) 中村誠, 他 : Leber 遺伝性視神経症認定基準. 日眼会誌 2015 ; 119 : 339-346.
2) 井街譲 : レーベル氏病 附 優性型幼児性視神経萎縮症. 日眼会誌 1973 ; 77 : 1658-1735, 表2枚.
3) Yu-Wai-Man P, et al. : Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. GeneReviews(R). 2000 [update 2021].
4) Sadun AA, et al. : Extensive investigation of a large Brazilian pedigree of 11778/haplogroup J Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2003 ; 136 : 231-238.
5) Wakakura M, et al. : Evidence for preserved direct pupillary light response in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Br J Ophthalmol 1995 ; 79 : 442-446.
6) Ishikawa H, et al. : Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Optic Neuritis in Japan. Ophthalmology 2019 ; 126 : 1385-1398.
7) Ueda K, et al. : Nationwide epidemiological survey of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in Japan. J Epidemiol 2017 ; 27 : 447-450.
P.204 掲載の参考文献
1) 中村誠, 他 : Leber 遺伝性視神経症認定基準. 日眼会誌 2015 ; 119 : 339-346.
2) 橋谷臨, 他 : m.4171C > A 変異を呈したレーベル遺伝性視神経症の一例. 神経眼科 2019 ; 36 : 421-428.
3) LHON Mutations, MITOMAP. https://www.mitomap.org/MITOMAP (2022年7月22日アクセス)
4) Shidara K, et al. : Leber's hereditary optic neuropathu with the 3434, 9011 mitochondrial DNA point mutation. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2012 ; 56 : 175-180.
5) Wakakura M, et al. : Bilateral optic neuropathy with mitochondrial DNA 9804 mutation detected by non-isotopic single-strand conformational polymorphism. Neuro-Ophthalmology 1998 ; 19 : 7-12.
6) 設楽恭子, 他 : ミトコンドリアDNA点変異を有する3例に非典型的視神経症. 臨眼 2012 ; 66 : 1477-1482.
7) Yu-Wai-Man P, et al. : Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. GeneReviews(R) 2000 [update 2021].
8) Mashima Y, et al. : Spectrum of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations and clinical features in Japanese families with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Curr Eye Res 1998 ; 17 : 403-408.
9) Ueda K, et al. : Nationwide epidemiological survey of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in Japan. J Epidemiol 2017 ; 27 : 447-450.
10) LEBER OPTIC ATROPHY. OMIMR#535000
11) Nakamura M, et al. : Variable pattern of visual recovery of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2000 ; 84 : 534-535.
12) Hotta Y, et al. : Clinical features of Japanese Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with 11778 mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1995 ; 39 : 96-108.
P.206 掲載の参考文献
1) Thouin A, et al. : Raised intraocular pressure as a potential risk factor for visual loss in Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. PLoS One 2013 ; 8 : e63446.
2) Kirkman MA, et al. : Gene-environment interactions in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Brain 2009 ; 132 : 2317-2326.
3) Mashima Y, et al. : Remission of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with idebenone. Lancet 1992 ; 340 : 368-369.
4) Klopstock T, et al. : A randomized placebo-controlled trial of idebenone in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Brain 2011 ; 134 : 2677-2686.
5) Klopstock T, et al. : Persistence of the treatment effect of idebenone in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Brain 2013 ; 136 : e230.
6) Carelli V, et al. : Idebenone treatment in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Brain 2011 ; 134 : e188.
7) Carelli V, et al. : International Consensus Statement on the Clinical and Therapeutic Management of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 2017 ; 37 : 371-381.
8) Catarino CB, et al. : Real-World Clinical Experience With Idebenone in the Treatment of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 2020 ; 40 : 558-565.
9) Ishikawa H, et al. : Characteristics of Japanese patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and idebenone trial : a prospective, interventional, non-comparative study. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2021 ; 65 : 133-142.
10) Sadun AA, et al. : Effect of EPI-743 on the clinical course of the mitochondrial disease Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Arch Neurol 2012 ; 69 : 331-338.
11) Yu-Wai-Man P, et al. : Bilateral visual improvement with unilateral gene therapy injection for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Sci Transl Med 2020 ; 12 : eaaz7423.
12) Newman NJ, et al. : Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Gene Therapy for Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Treated within 6 Months of Disease Onset. Ophthalmology 2021 ; 128 : 649-660.
13) Yuan J, et al. : Seven-Year Follow-up of Gene Therapy for Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. Ophthalmology 2020 ; 127 : 1125-1127.
14) Kurimoto T, et al. : A Single-Arm, Prospective, Exploratory Study to Preliminarily Test Effectiveness and Safety of Skin Electrical Stimulation for Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. J Clin Med 2020 ; 9 : 1359.
15) Ueda K, et al. : Protocol to test the efficacy and safety of frequent applications of skin electrical stimulation for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy : a single-arm, open-label, non-randomised prospective study. BMJ Open 2021 ; 11 : e048814.
P.209 掲載の参考文献
1) Imasawa T, et al. : Clinicopathologic Features of Mitochondrial Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2022 ; 7 : 580-590.
2) Finsterer J, et al. : Renal manifestations of primary mitochondrial disorders. Biomed Rep 2017 ; 6 : 487-494.
3) Taniike M, et al. : Mitochondrial tRNA (Ile) mutation in fatal cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992 ; 186 : 47-53.
4) Mochizuki H, et al. : Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies preceded by de-Toni-Debre-Fanconi syndrome or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Clin Nephrol 1996 ; 46 : 347-352.
5) Tzen CY, et al. : Tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with a novel mitochondrial point mutation. Kidney Int 2001 ; 59 : 846-854.
6) Scaglia F, et al. : Novel homoplasmic mutation in the mitochondrial tRNATyr gene associated with atypical mitochondrial cytopathy presenting with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Am J Med Genet A 2003 ; 123A : 172-178.
7) Lopez LC, et al. : Leigh syndrome with nephropathy and CoQ10 deficiency due to decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2) mutations. Am J Hum Genet 2006 ; 79 : 1125-1129.
8) Diomedi-Camassei F, et al. : COQ2 nephropathy : a newly described inherited mitochondriopathy with primary renal involvement. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007 ; 18 : 2773-2780.
9) Heeringa SF, et al. : COQ6 mutations in human patients produce nephrotic syndrome with sensorineural deafness. J Clin Invest 2011 ; 121 : 2013-2024.
10) Ashraf S, et al. : ADCK4 mutations promote steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome through CoQ10 biosynthesis disruption. J Clin Invest 2013 ; 123 : 5179-5189.
11) Lemoine S, et al. : Renal Involvement in Neuropathy, Ataxia, Retinitis Pigmentosa (NARP) Syndrome : A Case Report. Am J Kidney Dis 2018 ; 71 : 754-757.
12) Fervenza FC, et al. : CKD Due to a Novel Mitochondrial DNA Mutation : A Case Report. Am J Kidney Dis 2019 ; 73 : 273-277.
13) Bakis H, et al. : Adult onset tubulo-interstitial nephropathy in MT-ND5-related phenotypes. Clin Genet 2020 ; 97 : 628-633.
14) Shayota BJ, et al. : Characterization of the renal phenotype in RMND1-related mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019 ; 7 : e973.
15) Gucer S, et al. : Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with mitochondrial cytopathy : report of two cases with special emphasis on podocytes. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2005 ; 8 : 710-717.
16) Bourdon A, et al. : Mutation of RRM2B, encoding p53-controlled ribonucleotide reductase (p53R2), causes severe mitochondrial DNA depletion. Nat Genet 2007 ; 39 : 776-780.
17) Kanako KI, et al. : BCS1L mutations produce Fanconi syndrome with developmental disability. J Hum Genet 2022 ; 67 : 143-148.
18) Viering D, et al. : Gitelman-Like Syndrome Caused by Pathogenic Variants in mtDNA. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022 ; 33 : 305-325.
P.212 掲載の参考文献
1) Duann P, et al. : Mitochondria Damage and Kidney Disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017 ; 982 : 529-551.
2) Imasawa T, et al. : Podocyte energy metabolism and glomerular diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013 ; 45 : 2109-2118.
3) Viering D, et al. : Gitelman-Like Syndrome Caused by Pathogenic Variants in mtDNA. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022 ; 33 : 305-325.
4) Govers LP, et al. : Mitochondrial DNA mutations in renal disease : an overview. Pediatr Nephrol 2021 ; 36 : 9-17.
5) Wilson FH, et al. : A cluster of metabolic defects caused by mutation in a mitochondrial tRNA. Science 2004 ; 306 : 1190-1194.
6) Imasawa T, et al. : Clinicopathologic Features of Mitochondrial Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2022 ; 7 : 580-590.
7) Korkmaz E, et al. : ADCK4-Associated Glomerulopathy Causes Adolescence-Onset FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016 ; 27 : 63-68.
8) Maeoka Y, et al. : A case report of adult-onset COQ8B nephropathy presenting focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with granular swollen podocytes. BMC Nephrol 2020 ; 21 : 376.
9) Drovandi S, et al. : Variation of the clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype associations in Coenzyme Q10 deficiency associated glomerulopathy. Kidney Int 2022 ; 102 : 592-603.
10) Massin P, et al. : Retinal and renal complications in patients with a mutation of mitochondrial DNA at position 3,243 (maternally inherited diabetes and deafness). A case-control study. Diabetologia 2008 ; 51 : 1664-1670.
11) Hall AM, et al. : The urinary proteome and metabonome differ from normal in adults with mitochondrial disease. Kidney Int 2015 ; 87 : 610-622.
12) Finsterer J, et al. : Renal manifestations of primary mitochondrial disorders. Biomed Rep 2017 ; 6 : 487-494.
13) Bargagli M, et al. : Recurrent kidney stones in a family with a mitochondrial disorder due to the m.3243A > G mutation. Urolithiasis 2019 ; 47 : 489-492.
14) Imasawa T, et al. : In Reply to "The Spectrum of Renal Abnormalities in Mitochondrial Disorders Is Broad". Kidney Int Rep 2022 ; 7 : 1723-1724.
P.218 掲載の参考文献
1) Imasawa T, et al. : Clinicopathologic Features of Mitochondrial Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2022 ; 7 : 580-590.
2) Govers LP, et al. : Mitochondrial DNA mutations in renal disease : an overview. Pediatr Nephrol 2021 ; 36 : 9-17.
3) Hotta O, et al. : Clinical and pathologic features of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with mitochondrial tRNALeu (UUR) gene mutation. Kidney Int 2001 ; 59 : 1236-1243.
4) Kobayashi A, et al. : Granular swollen epithelial cells : a histologic and diagnostic marker for mitochondrial nephropathy. Am J Surg Pathol 2010 ; 34 : 262-270.
5) Fervenza FC, et al. : CKD Due to a Novel Mitochondrial DNA Mutation : A Case Report. Am J Kidney Dis 2019 ; 73 : 273-277.
6) Bakis H, et al. : Adult onset tubulo-interstitial nephropathy in MT-ND5-related phenotypes. Clin Genet 2020 ; 97 : 628-633.
7) Imasawa T, et al. : Pathological similarities between low birth weight-related nephropathy and nephropathy associated with mitochondrial cytopathy. Diagn Pathol 2014 ; 9 : 181.
8) Hara S, et al. : Granular swollen epithelial cells in the kidney allograft : A clinicopathological study with special emphasis on possible marker for kidney allograft aging. Nephrology (Carlton) 2016 ; 21 Suppl 1 : 14-19.
9) Maeoka Y, et al. : A case report of adult-onset COQ8B nephropathy presenting focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with granular swollen podocytes. BMC Nephro 2020 ; 21 : 376.
P.221 掲載の参考文献
1) Maruo Y, et al. : A case report of Leigh syndrome diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021 ; 5 : ytab582.
2) Ghose A, et al. : Measurement of Respiratory Chain Enzyme Activity in Human Renal Biopsy Specimens. J Clin Med 2017 ; 6 : 90.
3) Imasawa T, et al. : In Reply to "The Spectrum of Renal Abnormalities in Mitochondrial Disorders Is Broad". Kidney Int Rep 2022 ; 7 : 1723-1724.
4) Yokoyama J, et al. : A case of rhabdomyolysis after status epilepticus without stroke-like episodes in mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2016 ; 56 : 204-207.
5) Finsterer J : The Spectrum of Renal Abnormalities in Mitochondrial Disorders Is Broad. Kidney Int Rep 2022 ; 7 : 1722.
6) Imasawa T, et al. : Clinicopathologic Features of Mitochondrial Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2022 ; 7 : 580-590.
P.222 掲載の参考文献
1) Imasawa T, et al. : Clinicopathologic Features of Mitochondrial Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2022 ; 7 : 580-590.
2) Drovandi S, et al. : Variation of the clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype associations in Coenzyme Q10 deficiency associated glomerulopathy. Kidney Int 2022 ; 102 : 592-603.
3) Korkmaz E, et al. : ADCK4-Associated Glomerulopathy Causes Adolescence-Onset FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016 ; 27 : 63-68.
P.224 掲載の参考文献
1) Yasukawa T, et al. : Modification defect at anticodon wobble nucleotide of mitochondrial tRNAs (Leu) (UUR) with pathogenic mutations of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. J Biol Chem 2000 ; 275 : 4251-4257.
2) Suzuki T, et al. : Taurine as a constituent of mitochondrial tRNAs : new insights into the functions of taurine and human mitochondrial diseases. EMBO J 2002 ; 21 : 6581-6589.
3) Rikimaru M, et al. : Taurine ameliorates impaired the mitochondrial function and prevents stroke-like episodes in patients with MELAS. Intern Med 2012 ; 51 : 3351-3357.
4) Ohsawa Y, et al. : Taurine supplementation for prevention of stroke-like episodes in MELAS : a multicentre, open-label, 52-week phase III trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019 ; 90 : 529-536.
5) Maeoka Y, et al. : A case report of adult-onset COQ8B nephropathy presenting focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with granular swollen podocytes. BMC Nephrol 2020 ; 21 : 376.
6) Atmaca M, et al. : Follow-up results of patients with ADCK4 mutations and the efficacy of CoQ10 treatment. Pediatr Nephrol 2017 ; 32 : 1369-1375.
7) Korkmaz E, et al. : ADCK4-Associated Glomerulopathy Causes Adolescence-Onset FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016 ; 27 : 63-68.
8) Nakanishi K, et al. : Pair analysis and custom array CGH can detect a small copy number variation in COQ6 gene. Clin Exp Nephrol 2019 ; 23 : 669-675.