見直されたビグアナイド〈メトホルミン〉　改訂版

出版社： フジメディカル出版
著者：
発行日： 2009-05-01
分野： 臨床医学：内科  >  糖尿病
ISBN： 9784862700223
電子書籍版： 2009-05-01 （改訂版第1刷）
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糖尿病の治療において、再評価されているメトホルミンについて、その効果、症例に見る効果的な使用法、使ってはいけない禁忌症例、副作用と服薬指導での注意点などを解説する。

目次

  • 見直されたビグアナイド〈メトホルミン〉　改訂版

    ―目次―

    1．糖尿病の薬物療法
    2．メトホルミンの再評価と理由
    3．症例にみるメトホルミンの効果的な使い方
    4．メトホルミンを使ってはいけない禁忌症例
    5．メトホルミンの副作用と服薬指導での注意点
    6．メトホルミンの相互作用

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I. 糖尿病の薬物療法

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II. メトホルミンの再評価と理由

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28) Mannucci E et al:Effect of metformin on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and leptin levels in obese nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes Care 24:484-489, 2001
 
29) Green BD et al:Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity by metformin enhances the antidiabetic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1. Eur J Pharmacol. 547:192-199, 2006
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30) Lindsay JR et al:Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity by oral metformin in type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 22:654-657, 2005
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31) Zander M et al:Additive glucose-lowering effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 and metformin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 24:720-725, 2001
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32) Lenhard JM et al:Reduced serum dipeptidy1 peptidase-IV after metformin and pioglitazone treatments. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 324:92-97, 2004
 
P.99 掲載の参考文献
1) Bailey CJ et al:Metformin. N Engl J Med 334:574-579, 1996
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2) Ikeda T et al:Inhibitory effect of metformin on intestinal glucose absorption in the perfused rat intestine. Biochem Pharmacol 59:887-890, 2000
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3) Bailey CJ:Biguanides and NIDDM. Diabetes Care 15:755-772, 1992
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4) Wu MS et al:Effect of metformin on carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care 13:1-8, 1990
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5) Jackson RA et al:Mechanism of metformin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes 36:632-640, 1987
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6) Mannucci E et al:Effect of metformin on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and leptin levels in obese nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes Care 24:489-494, 2001
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7) Zander M et al:Additive glucose-lowering effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 and metformin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 24:720-725, 2001
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8) Lindsay JR et al:Inhibition of dipeptidy1 peptidase IV activity by oral metformin in Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 22:654-657, 2005
 
9) Yasuda N et al:Enhanced secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 by biguanide compounds. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 298:779-784, 2002
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10) Yasuda N et al:Metformin Causes Reduction of Food lntake and Body Weight Gain and Improvement of Glucose Intolerance in Combination with Dipeptidy1 Peptidase IV Inhibitor in Zucker fa/fa Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 310:614-619, 2004
 
11) Kusaka I et al:Metformin, but not pioglitazone, decreases postchallenge plasma ghrelin levels in type 2 diabetic patients:a possible role in weight stability? Diabetes Obes Metab 10(11):1039-1046, 2008
 
12) English PJ et al:Metformin prolongs the postprandial fall in plasma ghrelin concentrations in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 23:299-303, 2007
PubMed
13) Landin K et al:Treating insulin resistance in hypertension with metformin reduces both blood pressure and metabolic risk factors. J Intern Med 229:181-187, 1991
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14) Landin K et al:Metformin and metoprolol CR treatment in non-obese men. J Intern Med 235:335-341, 1994
 
15) Giugliano D et al:Metformin improves glucose, lipid metabolism, and reduces blood pressure in hypertensive, obese women. Diabetes Care 16:1387-1390, 1993
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16) Velazquez EM et al:Metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and systolic blood pressure，while facilitating normal menses and pregnancy. Metabolism 43:647-654, 1994
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17) Dorella M et al:Improvement of insulin sensitivity by metformin treatment does not lower blood pressure of non obese insulin-resistant hypertensive patients with normal glucose tolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:1568-1574, 1996
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18) Snorgaard O et al:The effect of metformin on blood pressure and metabolism in nondiabetic hypertensive patients. J Intern Med 242:407-412, 1997
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19) Sundaresan P et al:Cornparative effects of glibenclamide and metformin on ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 20:692-697, 1997
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20) Tremoli E et al:Metformin reduces platelet hypersensitivity in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Atherosclerosis 41:53-60, 1982
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21) De Caterina R et al:The direct effects of metformin on platelet function in vitro. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 37:211-213, 1989
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22) Gin H et al:Study of the effect of metformin on platelet aggregation in insulin-dependent diabetics. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 6:61-67, 1989
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23) Gargiulo P et al:Metformin decreases platelet superoxide anion production in diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 18:156-159, 2002
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24) Verma S et al:Metformin treatment corrects vascular insulin resistance in hypertension. J Hypertens 18:1445-1450, 2000
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25) Mather KJ et al:Improved endothelial function with metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:1344-1350, 2001
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26) De Jager J et al:Effects of short-term treatment with metformin on markers of endothelial function and inflammatory activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus:a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Intern Med 257:100-109, 2005
 
27) de Aguiar LG et al:Metformin improves endothelial vascular reactivity in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 29:1083-1089, 2006
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P.106 掲載の参考文献
1) DeFronzo RA et al:Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 333:541-549, 1995
PubMed
2) UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group:Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 352:837-853, 1998
PubMed
3) Stratton IM et al:Association of glycemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35):prospective observational study. BMJ 321:405-412, 2000
 
4) Adler AI et al:Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36):prospective observational study. BMJ 321:412-419, 2000
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5) UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group:Effect of intensive glucose control with metformin on complication in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 352:854-865, 1998
 
6) Holman RR et al:10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 359:1577-1589, 2008
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7) Donnelly LA et al:The effect of obesity on glycaemic response to metformin or sulphonylureas in type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine 23:128-133, 2006
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8) Towler MC et al:AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and insulin signaling. Circ Res 100:328-341, 2007
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9) Katakami N et al:Metformin or gliclazide, rather than glibenclamide attenuates progression of carotid intima-media thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 47:1906-1913, 2004
 
10) Abbasi F et al:Effect of metformin treatment on multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 53:159-164, 2004
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P.112 掲載の参考文献
1) DeFronzo RA et al:Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group. N Engl J Med 333:541-549, 1995
 
2) UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group:Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS34). Lancet 352:854-865, 1998
PubMed
3) 加来浩平ほか:2型糖尿病治療におけるメトホルミン使用実態に関する観察研究 (MORE study). 糖尿病 49:325-331, 2006
 
4) 科学的根拠に基づく糖尿病診療ガイドライン策定に関する委員会:科学的根拠に基づく糖尿病診療ガイドライン, 日本糖尿病学会編, 南江堂, 東京, 2004, pp14-15
 
5) Kahn SE et al:Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy. N Engl J Med 355:2427-2443, 2006
 
6) Schernthaner S et al:Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone versus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:adouble-blind, randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:6068-6076, 2004
 
P.118 掲載の参考文献
1) Kahn SE et al:Glycemic durability of rosiglitanone, metformin, or glyburide monotheapy. N Engl J Med 355:2427-2443, 2006
 
2) Nathan DM:Thiazolidinediones for initial treatment of type2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 355:2477, 2006
 
P.126 掲載の参考文献
1) King H et al:Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025:prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 21:1414-1431, 1998
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2) Chiasson JL et al:Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus:the STOP-NIDDM randomized trial. Lancet 359:2072-2077, 2002
PubMed
3) Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group:Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346:393-403, 2002
PubMed
4) Fontbonne A et al:The effect of metformin on the metabolic abnormalities associated with upper-body fat distribution. Diabetes Care 19:920-926, 1996
 
5) The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group:Effects of withdrawal from metformin on the development of diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care 26:977-980, 2003
 
6) Herman WH et al:The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance. Ann Intern Med 142:323-332, 2005
 
P.132 掲載の参考文献
1) UKPDS Group:Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 352:837-853, 1998
 
2) UKPDS Group:Cost-effectiveness of an intensive blood glucose control policy in patients with type 2 diabetes:economic analysis alongside a randomized controlled trial. (UKPDS 41). BMJ 320:1373-1378, 2000
PubMed
3) UKPDS Group:Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 352:854-865, 1998
PubMed
4) Clarke P et al:Cost-effectiveness analysis of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin in overweight patients With type II diabetes (UKPDS No．51). Diabetologia 44:298-304, 2001
PubMed
5) Clarke PM et al:Cost-utility analyses of intensive blood glucose and tight blood pressure control in type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 72). Diabetologia 48:868-877, 2005
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6) Briggs A et al:Handling uncertainty when performing economic evaluation of health care intervention. Health Technol Assess 3:1-134, 1999
 
7) Goldman L et al:27th Bethesda Conference:matching the intensity of risk factor management with the hazard for coronary disease events. Task Force 6:cost-effectiveness of assessment and management of risk factors. J Am Coll Cardiol 27:1020-1030, 1996
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8) Gray A et al:Implementing intensive control of blood glucose concentration and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes in England:cost analysis (UKPDS 63) BMJ 325:860-865, 2002
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9) Nathan DM et al:Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes:A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy. Diabetes Care 29:1963-1972, 2006
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10) Ward AJ et al:Health and economic impact of combining metformin with nateglinide to achieve glycemic control:Comparison of the lifetime costs of complications in the U. K. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2:2, 2004
 
11) Neeser K et al:Cost-effectiveness of combination therapy with pioglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus from a German statutory healthcare perspective. Pharmacoeconomics 22:321-341, 2004
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12) Turner RC:The U. K. Prospective Diabetes Study. A review. Diabetes Care 21 Suppl 3:C35-C38, 1998
 
13) Shearer AT et al:Cost-effectiveness of rosiglitazone oral combination for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Germany. Pharmacoeconomics 24 Suppl 1:35-48, 2006
 
14) Bell DSH:Type 2 diabetes mellitus:What is the optimal treatment regimen? Am J Med 116:23S-29S, 2004
 

III. 症例に見るメトホルミンの効果的な使い方

P.139 掲載の参考文献
1) Lee A, Morley JE:Metformin decreases food consumption and induces weight loss in subjects with obestity with type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Obes Res 6:47-53, 1998
 
2) Trischitta V et al:Comparison of combined therapies in treatment of secondary failure to glyburide. Diabetes Care 15:539-542, 1992
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3) UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group:Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS34). Lancet 352:854-865, 1998
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P.143 掲載の参考文献
1) UKPDS Group:Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 352:854-865, 1998
PubMed
2) Zhou G et al:Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. J Clin Invest 108:1167-1174, 2001
PubMed
3) Shimomura I et al:Decreased IRS-2 and increased SREBP-1c lead to mixed insulin resistance and sensitivity in livers of lipodystrophic and ob/ob mice. Mol Cell 6:77-86, 2000
PubMed
4) Musi N et al:Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51:2074-2081, 2002
PubMed
5) DeFronzo RA et al:Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group. N Engl J Med 333:541-549, 1995
 
6) Abbasi F et al:Effect of metformin treatment on multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 53:159-164, 2004
PubMed
7) Wulffele MG et al:The effect of metformin on blood pressure, plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in type 2 diabetes:a systematic review. J Intern Med 256:1-14, 2004
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8) Kirpichnikov D et al:Metformin:an update. Review. Ann Intern Med 137:25-33, 2002
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9) Cusi K et al:Metformin:a review of its metabolic effects. Diabetes Rev 6:89-131, 1998
 
P.147 掲載の参考文献
1) Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group:Reduction in The Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin. N Engl J Med 346:393-403, 2002
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2) Orchard TJ et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group:The Effect of Metformin and Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on the Metabolic Syndrome:the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 142(8):611-619, 2005
 
3) UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group:Effect of Intensive Blood-glucose Control with Metformin on Complications in Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 352:854-865, 1998
PubMed
4) Bailey CJ et al:Metformin. N Engl J Med 334:574-579, 1996
PubMed
5) Wulffele MG et al:The Effect of Metformin on Blood Pressure, Plasma Cholesterol and Triglycerides in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:a Systematic Review. J Intern Med 256:1-14, 2004
PubMed
6) Marchesini G et al:Metformin in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Lancet 358:893-894, 2001
PubMed
P.151 掲載の参考文献
1) Ntuntas Y et al:Comparison of additional metformin or NPH insulin to mealtime insulin lispro therapy with mealtime human insulin therapy in secondary OAD failure. Diabetes Obes Metab 5:371-378, 2003
 
2) Kokic S et al:Lispro insulin and metformin versus other combination in the diabetes mellitus type 2 management after secondary oral antidiabeic drug failure. Coll Antropol 27:181-187, 2003
 
3) Malone JK et al:Therapy after single oral agent failure:adding a second oral agent or an insulin mixture? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 62:187-195, 2003
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4) 弘世貴久:これなら簡単, 今すぐできる外来インスリン導入. メディカルレビュー社, 東京, 2007
 
P.159 掲載の参考文献
1) Knowler WC et al:Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group:Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346:393-403, 2002
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2) Chiasson JL et al:The STOP-NIDDM Trial:an intemational study on the efficacy of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor to prevent type 2 diabetes in a population with impaired glucose tolerance:rationale, design, and preliminary screening data. Study to Prevent Non-lnsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 21:1720-1725, 1998
 
3) 片平 宏, 石田 均:α-グルコシダーゼ阻害薬の適応症例の選択と使用法ならびに副作用とその対策. 日本臨牀 60 増刊 9:399-408, 2002
 
4) Coniff RF et al:Reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin and postprandial hyperglycemia by acarbose in patients with NIDDM. A placebo-controlled dose-comparison study. Diabetes Care 18:817-824, 1995
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5) 河盛隆造ほか:糖質水解酵素阻害剤の追加療法がSU剤治療NIDDMの血糖管理に与える影響. 糖尿病 39:527-536, 1996
 
6) 飯島敏彦ほか:インスリン非依存型糖尿病患者に対するα-グルコシダーゼ阻害薬 (ボグリボース) とスルフォニル尿素薬との併用療法 特にSU剤の減量効果の検討. 薬理と治療 25:841-849, 1997
 
7) Holman RR et al:A randomized double-blind trial of acarbose in type 2 diabetes shows improved glycemic control over 3 years (U. K. Prospective Diabetes Study 44). Diabetes Care 22:960-964, 1999
 
8) Shinozaki K et al:Improvement of insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia with a new alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose, in nondiabetic hyperinsulinemic subjects. Metabolism 45:731-737, 1996
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9) 後藤由夫:ミグリトールの2型糖尿病に対する臨床効果-第II相・用量反応性試験-. 薬理と治療 33:1099-1111, 2005
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10) Zhou G et al:Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. J Clin Invest 108:1167-1174, 2001
PubMed
11) Hundal RS, Inzucchi SE:Metformin:new understandings, new uses. Drugs 63:1879-1894, 2003
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12) UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group:Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 352:854-865, 1998
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13) Phillips P et al:Acarbose improves glycemic control in overweight type 2 diabetic patients insufficiently treated with metformin. Diabetes Care 26:269-273, 2003
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14) Halimi S et al:Efficacy and safety of acarbose add-on therapy in the treatment of overweight patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin:a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 50:49-56, 2000
 
15) Chiasson JL et al:Miglitol Canadian University Investigator Group:The synergistic effect of miglitol plus metformin combination therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 24:989-994, 2001
 
P.163 掲載の参考文献
1) Kirpichnikov D et al:Metformin:An update. Ann Intem Med 137:25-33, 2002
 
2) Inzucchi SE et al:Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 338:867-872, 1998
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3) Einhorn D et al:Pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus:a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The Pioglitazone 027 Study Group. Chn Ther 22:1395-1409, 2000
 
4) Fonseca V et al:Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 283:1695-1702, 2000
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5) Gomez-Perez FJ et al:Efficacy and safety of rosiglitazone plus metformin in Mexicans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 18:127-134, 2002
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6) Dailey GE 3rd et al:Glycemic control with glyburide/metformin tablets in combination with rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes:a randomized, double-blind trial. Am J Med 116:223-229, 2004
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7) Charbonnel B et al:Long-term efficacy and tolerability of add-on pioglitazone therapy to failing monotherapy compared with addition of gliclazide or metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 48:1093-1094, 2005
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8) Matthews DR et al:Long-term therapy with addition of pioglitazone to metformin compared with the addition of gliclazide to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes:a randomized, comparative study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 21:167-174, 2005
PubMed
9) Derosa G et al:Long-term effects of glimepiride or rosiglitazone in combination with metformin on blood pressure control in type 2 diabetic patients affected by the metabolic syndrome:a 12-month, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Clin Ther 27:1383-1391, 2005
 
10) Weissman P et al:Effects of rosiglitazone added to submaximal doses of metformin compared with dose escalation of metformin in type 2 diabetes:the EMPIRE Study. Curr Med Res Opin 21:2029-2035, 2005
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11) Kendall DM et al:Improvement of glycemic control, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol levels with muraglitazar, a dual (alpha/gamma) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy:A double-blind, randomized, pioglitazone-comparative study. Diabetes Care 29:1016-1023, 2006
PubMed
12) Rosenstock J et al:Triple therapy in type 2 diabetes:insulin glargine or rosiglitazone added to combination therapy of sulfonylurea plus metformin in insulin-naive patients. Diabetes Care 29:554-559, 2006
PubMed
13) Umpierrez G et al:Glimepiride versus pioglitazone combination therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy:results of a randomized clinical trial. Curr Med Res Opin 22:751-759, 2006
PubMed
14) Chalmers J et al:Effects of early use of pioglitazone in combination with metformin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 23:1775-1781, 2007
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15) Belcher G:Tolerability profile of Pioglitazone in combination with a Sulfonylurea or Metformin in controlled clinical trials. Diabetes 50 (S12):416, 2001
 
16) 日本糖尿病学会編:(科学的根拠に基づく糖尿病診療ガイドライン第2版2004, 南江堂, 東京, 2004
 
P.170 掲載の参考文献
1) Inzucchi SE et al:Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 338:867-872, 1998
PubMed
2) Nagasaka S et al:Comparison of pioglitazone and metformin efficacy using homeostasis model assessment. Diabet Med 21:136-141, 2004
PubMed
3) Kusaka I et al:Metfomin, but not pioglitazone, decreases postchallenge plasma ghrelin levels in type 2 diabetic patients:a possible role in weight stability? Diabetes Obes Metab 10:1039-1046, 2008
 
4) Rosenstock J et al:Initial treatment with rosiglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy compared with monotherapy with either rosiglitazone or metformin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 8:650-660, 2006
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P.173 掲載の参考文献
1) UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group:Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 352:854-865, 1998
PubMed
2) 福田 元ほか:ナテグリニド投与における糖尿病患者の体重変化. Prog Med (JPN)21(9):2255-2258, 2001
 
P.177 掲載の参考文献
1) Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 352:854-865, 1998
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2) Wu E et al:Comparative glycemic goal achievement among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with oral antidiabetic monotherapies. Diabetes 57 (suppl 1):A136, 2008
 
3) Arslanian SA et al:Metformin therapy in obese adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance:amelioration of exaggerated adrenal response to adrenocorticotropin with reduction of insulinemia/insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:1555-1559, 2002
PubMed
4) Morin-Papunen L et al:Metformin reduces serum C-reactive protein levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:4649-4654, 2003
 
5) Jones KL et al:Effect of metformin in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes:a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 25:89-94, 2002
PubMed
6) Hale TW et al:Transfer of metformin into human milk. Diabetologia 45:1509-1514, 2002
PubMed
7) Meadows M:Pregnancy and the drug dilemma. FDA Consumer 35:16-20, 2001
PubMed
8) Jakubowicz DJ et al:Effects of metformin on early pregnancy loss in the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:524-529, 2002
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9) Haas DA et al:Effects of metformin on body mass index, menstrual cyclicity, and ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility Sterility 79:469-481, 2003
PubMed
10) Legro RS et al:Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 356:551-566, 2007
 
11) Rowan JA et al:Metformin versus insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes. N Engl J Med 358:2003-2015, 2008
PubMed
12) Salpeter SR et al:Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus:systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 163:2594-2602, 2003
PubMed
13) Clarke P et al (Study UGUKPD):Cost-effectiveness analysis of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin in overweight patients with type II diabetes (UKPDS No. 51). Diabetologia 44:298-304, 2001
PubMed
14) Diabetes Prevention Program Research G:Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346:393-403, 2002
PubMed
15) Pasquali R et al:Effect of long-term treatment with metformin added to hypocaloric diet on body composition, fat distribution, and androgen and insulin levels in abdominally obese women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:2767-2774, 2000
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P.182 掲載の参考文献
1) Yki-Jarvinen H:Combination therapies with insulin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 24:758-767, 2001
PubMed
2) Clarke P et al:Cost-effectiveness analysis of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin in overweight patients with type II diabetes (UKPDS No. 51). Diabetologia 44:298-304, 2001
PubMed
3) Lee A et al: Metformin decreases food consumption and induces weight loss in subjects with obesity with type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Obes Res 6:47-53, 1998
PubMed
4) Bailey CJ et al:Metformin. N Engl J Med 334:574-579, 1996
PubMed
5) UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 352:854-865, 1998
PubMed
6) 清水弘行ほか:2型糖尿病症例への塩酸メトフォルミン治療による体重変動への影響. Prog Med 22:450-453, 2002
Medical*Online
7) Nagasaka S et al:Comparison of pioglitazone and metformin efficacy using homeostasis model assessment. Diabetic Medicine 21:136-141, 2004
PubMed
8) Tamura Y et al:Effects of metformin on peripheral insulin sensitivity and intracellular lipid contents in muscle and liver of overweight Japanese subjects. Diabetes Obes Metab 10:733-738, 2008
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9) Matsumoto K et al:Metformin attenuates progression of carotid arterial wall thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 64:225-228, 2004
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10) 片上直人ほか:頸動脈エコーを用いたメトホルミンの動脈硬化進展抑制効果の検討. Prog Med 23:3038-3043, 2003
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IV. メトホルミンを使ってはいけない禁忌症例

P.188 掲載の参考文献
1) Stang M et al:lncidence of lactic acidosis in metformin users. Diabetes Care 22:925-927, 1999
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2) English P, Williams G:Hyperglycaemic crises and lactic acidosis in diabetes mellitus. Postgrad Med J 80:253-261, 2004
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3) Salpeter SR et al:Risk of fetal and nonfetal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intem Med 163:2594-2602, 2003
 
4) Misbin RI et al:Lactic acidosis in patients with diabetes treated with metformin. N Engl JMed 338:265-266, 1998
 
5) Stades AM et al:Metformin and lactic acidosis:cause or coincidence? A review of casereports. J Intern Med 255:179-187, 2004
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6) Lim VC et al:Lactate levels in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin and its association with dose of metformin and renal function. Int J Clin Pract 61:1829-1833, 2007
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7) Marchesini G et al:Metformin in non-alcholic steatohepatitis. Lancet 358:893-894, 2001
 
8) Luft FC:Lactic acidosis update for critical care clinicians. J Am Soc Nephrol 12:S15-S19, 2001
PubMed
9) Rowan JA et al:Metformin versus insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes. NEngl J Med 358:2003-2015, 2008
 

V. メトホルミンの副作用と服薬指導での注意点

P.196 掲載の参考文献
1) DeFronzo RA, Goodman AN and the Multicenter Metformin Study Group:Eficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 333:541-549, 1995
 
2) UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group:Effect of intensive blood glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 352:854-865, 1998
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3) Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group:Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346:393-403, 2002
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4) Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group:The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome:the Diabetes Prevention Program Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med 142:611-619, 2005
 
5) 加来浩平ほか:2型糖尿病治療におけるメトホルミンの使用実態に関する観察研究 (MORE study). 糖尿病 49:325-331, 2006
 
6) Bailey CJ:Biguanide and NIDDM. Diabetes Care 15:744-772, 1992
 
7) Bailey CJ:Metformin revisted:Its actions and indications for use. Diabetic Med 5:315-320, 1988
 
8) Stang M et al:Incidence of lactic acidosis in metformin users. Diabetes Care 22:925-927, 1999
PubMed
9) Misbin RI et al:Lactic acidosis in patients with diabetes treated with metformin. N Engl JMed 338:265-266, 1998
 
10) Bailey CJ et al:Drug Therapy, metformin. N Engl J Med 333:574-579, 1995
 
11) Salpeter SR et al:Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 163:2594-2602, 2003
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12) Cusi K et al:Metformin:a review of its metabolic effects. Diabetes Rev 6:89-131, 1998
 
13) Garber AJ et al:Efficacy of metformin in type 2 diabetes:results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response trial. Am J Med 102:491-497, 1997
 
14) Bytzer P et al:Oral hypoglycaemic drugs and gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes mellitus. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 15:137-142, 2001
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VI. メトホルミンの相互作用

P.202 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本糖尿病学会編:糖尿病治療ガイド2008-2009, 文光堂, 東京, 2008, p48
 
2) 堀田 饒 監修:メルビン(R)錠の適正使用のために, 大日本住友製薬, 2008
 
3) 杉山正康:薬の相互作用としくみ 第8版, 医歯薬出版, 東京, 2007, pp281-297
 
4) 日本糖尿病学会編:糖尿病専門医研修ガイドブック, 診断と治療社, 東京, 2006, pp118-119
 
5) 徳山尚吾:サプリメントと医薬品との相互作用. 薬局 治療増刊号 89:1148-1158, 2007
 

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