神経科学 ―形態学的基礎― I.ニューロンとグリア

出版社： 金芳堂
著者：
発行日： 1995-04-01
分野： 臨床医学：内科  >  脳神経科学/神経内科学
ISBN： 9784765307710
電子書籍版： 1995-04-01 （第1版第1刷）
電子書籍
章別単位での購入はできません
ブラウザ、アプリ閲覧

34,174 円(税込)

購入する

商品紹介

本書は，神経科学の基礎をなす形態学的成果を史的観点に立って詳述し，膨大な内容を体系化した海外にも類例のない本格的な著作である。第I巻は神経形態学の総論に当たる部分であり，ニューロンとグリアの構造と機能を，組織細胞学的知見を土台とし，分子生物学的所見をまじえて詳述した。また，研究史は内外の文献を渉猟した著者の再発見が随所に光り，学問への情熱と挑戦に満ちた先覚者らの横顔を浮き彫りにしている。

目次

  • 表紙
  • 序にかえて
  • 総目次
  • 凡例
  • I 神経解剖学の輪郭
  • 1 神経科学と神経解剖学
  • 2 神経系とその構成
  • 3 神経組織の構成
  • 4 神経解剖学小史
  • 5 神経組織学研究史
  • A 研究前史
  • B Golgi前期の研究
  • C 組織学的研究法の確立
  • D Camillo Golgiと網状説
  • E Don Santiago Ramon y Cajalとニューロン説
  • F 連続か, 接触か
  • 6 神経細胞に関する用語
  • 7 文献
  • II ニューロンの形態と細胞体
  • 1 ニューロンの形態
  • A ニューロンの一般的形態
  • B 神経鍍銀法と標識法
  • C ニューロンの数
  • D ニューロンの自然死
  • E ニューロンの大きさと形
  • 2 細胞体
  • A 細胞 ( 形 ) 質 ( 核周部 )
  • B 細胞核
  • 3 文献
  • III 樹状突起と軸索
  • 1 史的考察
  • 2 分類と特徴
  • 3 樹状突起
  • A 一般形態
  • B 樹状突起棘
  • 4 軸索 ( 神経突起 )
  • A 軸索小丘と軸索初節
  • B 軸索
  • C 髄鞘 ( ミエリン鞘 )
  • 1) 史的考察
  • 2) 末梢神経線維
  • 3) 中枢神経線維
  • 4) 髄鞘形成
  • 5) ミエリンの化学
  • D 伝導速度と線維の分類
  • E 末梢神経の構造
  • 5 文献
  • IV 神経終末とシナプス
  • 1 史的考察
  • A 「シナプス」の誕生
  • B シナプスの概念
  • 2 神経回路
  • 3 電気 ( 的 ) シナプス
  • A 所在
  • B 構造
  • C 機能的意義
  • 4 化学 ( 的 ) シナプス
  • A 伝達物質研究史
  • B 化学的伝達
  • C 受容体とイオンチャネル
  • D シナプスの構造
  • 1) 史的考察
  • 2) ニューロン間化学シナプス
  • 3) ニューロン間結合様式
  • 4) ニューロン効果器間化学シナプス
  • E 伝達物質の放出機構
  • 5 感覚神経終末
  • A 感覚とその分類
  • B 感覚受容器とその分類
  • C 末梢神経終末の研究史
  • D 感覚受容器の構造と機能
  • 6 文献
  • V グリア細胞 ( 神経膠細胞 )
  • 1 史的考察
  • 2 グリア細胞の発生と分化
  • A グリア発生研究小史
  • B グリアの組織発生
  • 3 グリア細胞の構造と機能
  • A 星状膠細胞
  • B 希突起膠細胞
  • C 大膠細胞の死と補充
  • D 大膠細胞の機能
  • E 小膠細胞・脳大食細胞
  • F 末梢性グリア細胞の機能
  • 4 上衣組織
  • A 上衣細胞の構造
  • B 上衣下層
  • C 上衣細胞の機能
  • 5 脈絡叢上衣
  • A 脈絡叢上皮細胞の構造
  • B 脈絡叢上皮細胞の機能
  • C 脈絡叢の血管結合組織
  • D 上衣上細胞
  • 6 血液脳関門
  • A 研究小史
  • B 血液脳関門の構造
  • C 中枢神経系の血管
  • 7 文献
  • VI 機能的形態
  • 1 細胞骨格
  • A 基本構成線維
  • B 細胞骨格関連タンパク
  • C ニューロン各部の細胞骨格構造
  • 2 軸索流
  • A 研究小史
  • B 意義と種類
  • C 軸索流の阻害
  • D 軸索輸送
  • E 軸索輸送の機構
  • 3 成長円錐
  • A 研究小史
  • B 構造
  • C 動的機構
  • D 構成タンパク
  • 4 接着分子
  • A 研究小史
  • B 細胞接着分子
  • C 細胞基質接着分子
  • D 基質 ( 間 ) 接着分子
  • 5 軸索切断に伴う変性と再生
  • A 変性
  • B 再生
  • 6 可塑性
  • A 長期増強と長期減弱
  • B 発芽
  • C 樹状突起棘の変化
  • D 学習と可塑性
  • 7 文献
  • VII 神経系の発生と分化
  • 1 個体発生学前史
  • 2 初期発生 ( ヒト ) の輪郭
  • A 卵割と羊膜・卵黄嚢の形成
  • B 神経管の形成
  • C 脳胞の形成
  • D 中胚葉組織の分化と末梢神経
  • 3 初期発生における問題点
  • A 卵割
  • B 体形成プランと神経分節
  • C 誘導
  • 4 神経系の組織発生
  • A 研究小史
  • B 神経上皮における分裂と増殖
  • C 神経系における細胞死
  • D ニューロンの移動と回路形成
  • 5 文献
  • VIII 神経系の系統発生
  • 1 系統樹
  • 2 神経系の起原
  • 3 旧口動物系における神経系
  • 4 新口動物系における神経系
  • A 棘皮動物の神経系
  • B 原索動物と神経管の形成
  • 5 末梢神経の構成
  • A Bell - Magendieの法則
  • B 神経叢の形成
  • 6 中枢神経系の比較解剖
  • 7 脳のサイズ
  • A 脳重の絶対値
  • B 年齢に伴う絶対値の変動
  • C 脳重・体重比
  • D 脳重の相対値
  • E 古生物学的にみた脳サイズ
  • F 脳の進化とネオテニー
  • G 習性と脳
  • 8 文献
  • 人名索引
  • 日本語索引
  • 外国語索引
  • 奥付

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

I 神経解剖学の輪郭

P.36 掲載の参考文献
Brazier MAB : A History of Neurophysiology in the 17th and 18th Centuries. Raven Press, New York, 1984.
 
Clarke E and Dewhust K : An Illustrated History of Brain Function. Sandford, Oxford, 1972.
 
Clarke E and O'Malley CD : The Human Brain and Spinal Cord : A Historical Study Illustrated by Wrightings from Antiquity to the Twentieth Century. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1968.
 
Corsi P : The Enchanted Loom. Chapters in the History of Neuroscience. Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford 1991.
 
Einger S : Origins of Neuroscience. A History of Explorations into Brain Function. Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford, 1994.
 
Hecaen H et Lanteri-Laura G : Evolution des Connaissances et des Doctrines sur les Localisations Cerebrales. Desclee De Brouwer, Paris 1977. (浜中淑彦・大東祥孝共訳「大脳局在論の成立と展開」医学書院, 東京, 1983)
 
Luria AR : Higher Cortical Functions in Man. Basic Books, New York, 1980.
 
McHenry LC : Garrison's History of Neurology revised and enlarged with a Bibliography of Classical, Original and Standard Works in Neurology. C. C. Thomas Publ, Springfield, 1969. (豊倉康夫監訳, 萬年徹, 井上聖啓訳 : 神経学の歴史-ヒポクラテスから近代まで, 医学書院, 東京, 1977)
 
Singer C : A Short History of Anatomy and Physiology from the Greeks to Harvey. Dover, New York, 1957. (西村顕治, 川名悦郎訳 : C. シンガー解剖・生理学小史, 近代医学のあけぼの, 白揚社, 東京, 1983)
 
Young RM : Mind. Brain and Adaptation in the Nineteenth Century. Cerebral Localization and its Biological Context from Gall to Ferrier. History of Neuroscience No. 3. Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford, 1990.
 
Haymaker W and Schiller F : The Founders of Neurology. One Hundred and Forty-Six Bibliographical Sketches by Eighty Eight Authors. 2nd Edit C C Thomas Publ, Springfield, 1970.
 
Koelle K : Grosse Nervenarzte. Bd 1-3, 2. Aufl, G Thieme, Stuttgart, 1970.
 
Apathy St : Das leitende Element des Nervensystems and seine topographischen Beziehungen zu den Zeller. Mitt Zool Stat Neapel 12 : 495-748, 1987.
 
Bauer KF : Organisation des Nervengewebes and Neurencytiumtheorie. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munchen-Berlin, 1953.
 
Bethe A : Allgemeine Anatomie and Physiologie des Nervensystems. G Thieme, Leipzig, 1903.
 
Bethe A : Ein neuer Beweis fur die leitende Funktion der Neurofibrillen. Folia Neurobiol 1 : 63-76, 1907.
 
Bidder FR : Zur Lehre von dem Verhaltnis der Ganglienkorper zu den Nervenfasern. Neue Beitrage von Dr FR Bidder-Dorpat, nebst einem Anhang von Dr AW Volkmann-Halle. Breitkopf u Haertel, Leipzig, 1847.
 
Bielschowsky M : Nervengewebe. In : Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen. Edit by W v Mollendorff. Bd IV. Nervensystem, Teil 1 S1-142, Springer, Berlin, 1928.
 
Blum F : Der Formaldehyd als Hartungsmittel. Z Wiss Mikr 10 : 314, 1893.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Conexion general de los elementos nerviosos. La Medicina Practica 2 : 341-346, 1889.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Significacion fisiologica de las expansiones protoplasmicas y nerviosas de las celulas de la substancia gris. (Memoria leida en el Congresso Medico de Valencia. Sesion de 24 de junio de 1891) Riv Ciencias Med 17 : 673-688, 1891.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : El nuevo concepto de la histologia de los centros nerviosas. Rev Ciencias Med 18 : 457-476, 1892. (A new concept of the histology of the central nervous system. In : Neurological Classics in Modern Translation. Ed by DA Rottenberg and FH Hochberg. Vafner, New York, pp 7-29. 1977.)
 
Cajal S Ramon y : La retine des vertebres. Cellule 9 : 17-257, 1893. -German trans by R Graaf with addition by Cajal : Die Retina der Wirbelthiere. Wiesbaden 1894. Updated version in French : La retine des vertebras. Trav Lab Rech biol Univ Madrid 28, 1933, English trans by SA Thorpe and M Glickstein : The Structure of the Retina. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1972.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Leyes de la morfologia y dinamismo de las celulas nerviosas. Rev trim Micrograf, Madrid 2 : 1-12, 1897.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Textura del sistema nervioso del hombre y de los vertebrados. Moya, Madrid, 1899/1904. French translation : Histologie du systeme nerveux de l'homme et des vertebres, 2 vols. Maleine, Paris, 1909/1911 (Translated by L Azoulay). English translation : Histology of the Nervous System. 2 vols. Oxford University Press, New York/Oxford, 1995 (Translated by N Swanson and LW Swanson)
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Structure et connexions des neurones. Conference de Nobel faite a Stockholm le 12 decembre 1906. Archivos de Fisiologia volumen V, fasc 1°, noviembre 1907. (The structure and connexions of neurons. In : Nobel Lectures : Physiology or Medicine, 1901-1921, Elsevier, Amsterdam pp 220-253, 1967)
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Neuronismo o reticularismo? Las pruebas objectivas de la unidad anatomica, de las celulas nerviosas. Arch Neurobiol Psicol Madrid 13 : 217-291 y 579-646, 1933. French translation : Les preuves objectives de l'unite anatomique des cellules nerveuses. Trav Lab Invest Biol Univ Madrid 29 : 1-137, 1934. German translation : Die Neuronenlehre. In : Handbuch der Neurologie. Herausgeg von O Bumke and O Foerster. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Bd 1, S 887-944, 1935 (Translated by D Miskolczy) English translation : Neuron theory or reticular theory? Objective evidence of the anatomical unity of nerve cells. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas Instituto Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, 1954. (Translated by MU Purkiss and CA Fox)
 
Clarke E and Dewhurst K : An Illustrated History of Brain Function. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1972.
 
Clarke E and Jacyna LS : Nineteenth-Century Origins of Neuroscientific Concepts. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1987.
 
Clarke E and O'Malley CD : The Human Brain and Spinal Cord. A Historical Study Illustrated by Writtings from Antiquity to the Twentieth Century. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1968.
 
Da Fano C : Camillo Golgi. J Pathol Bacteriol 29 : 500-514, 1926.
 
Deiters O : Untersuchungen uber Gehirn and Ruckenmark des Menschen and der Saugetiere. Herausgeg von M Schultze, F Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig, 1865.
 
Delta Torre G : Nuove osservazioni microscopiche, Napoli, 1776.
 
Duval M : Precis de Technique Microscopique et Histologique. Paris, 1878.
 
Duval M : Technique de l'emploi du collodion humide pour la pratique des coupes microscopiques (1). J Anat Physiol 15 : 185-188, 1879.
 
Ehlers E : Albert von Kolliker. Z wiss Zool 84 : 1-26, 1906.
 
Ehrenberg CG : Notwendigkeit einer feineren mechanischen Zerlegung des Gehirns and der Nerven vor der chemischen, dargestellt an Beobachtungen von CG Ehrenberg in Poggendorf's Annalen der Physik and Chemie. Bd 28, Leipzig, 1833, p. 449-465.
 
Ehrenberg CG : Beobachtung einer bisher unbekannten auffallenden Struktur des Seelenorgans bei Menschen and Thieren (Ein in der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin im 24. Oktober 1833 gehaltener Vortrag). Abh physik-pathol Kl, Kgl Akad Wiss Berlin 1834, 665-721 mit Kupfertapfeln, Dummler, Berlin 1836. (Observations on the structur hitherto unknown of the nervous system in man and animals. Translat by D Craigie. Edinburgh Med Surg J 48 : 258-305, 1837).
 
Ehrlich P : Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Anillinfarbungen and ihrer Verwendung in der mikroskopischen Technik. Arch Mikr Anat 13 : 263-277, 1877.
 
Ehrlich P : Uber die specifischen Granulationen des Blutes. Arch Anat Physiol Physiol Abt (Verh Physiol Ges Berlin 1878-1879) 571-579, 1879.
 
Ehrlich P : Das Sauerstoffbedurfnis des Organismus. Fine farbenanalytische Studie. August Hirschwald, Berlin, 1885.
 
Ehrlich P : Die Methylenblaureaktion der lebenden Nervensubstanz. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 12 : 49-52, 1886.
 
Elsberg CA : The anatomy and surgery of the Edwin Smith surgical papyrus. J Mt Sinai Hosp 12 : 141-151, 1945.
 
Finger S : Origins of Neuroscience. A History of Explorations into Brain Function. Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford, 1994.
 
Fish PA : The terminology of the nerve cell. J Comp Neurol 4 : 171-175, 1894.
 
Fontana F : Traite sur le venin de la vipere ; … On y a joint des observations sur la structure primitive du corps animal. Differentes experiences sur la reproduction des nerfs. 2 Vols. Florence, 1781. (Treatise on the venom of the viper ; … To which are annexed, observations on the primitive structure of the animal body. Different experiments on the reproduction of the nerves. Translat by J Skinner, Murray, London 1787)
 
Fontana F : Ahhandlung uber das Viperngift die Amerikanischen Gifte, das Kirschlorbeergift and einige andere Pflanzengifte nebst einigen Beobachtungen uber den ursprunglichen Bau des thierischen Korpers, uber die Wiedererzeugung der Nerven and der Beschreibung eines neuen Augenkanals. Aus dem Franzosischen ubersetzt. CF Himburg, Berlin, 1787.
 
Forel A : Einige hirnanatomische Betrachtungen und Ergebnisse. Arch Psychiatr 18 : 162-198, 1887.
 
Forel A : Out of My Life and Work. Norton, New York, 1937.
 
Gerlach Jv : Mikroskopische Studien aus dem Gebiet der menschlichen Morphologic. Erlangen 1858.
 
Gerlach Jv : Uber die Structur der graven Substanz des menschlichen Gehirns. Med Zbl 10 : 237-239, 1872.
 
Gibson WC : Czechoslovakia honors her medical patriot Jan Purkyne. JAMA 210 : 2292-2293, 1969.
 
Golgi C : Sulla struttura della sostanza grigia del cervello. Gazz med ital Lombardia 33 : 244-246, 1873. (On the structure of the grey matter of the brain. In : Golgi Centennial Symposium. Edit and trasl by M Santini. Raven Press, New York, pp 647-650, 1975)
 
Golgi C : Sulla fina anatomia degli organi centrali del sistema nervoso. Riv sper Freniatria 8 : 165-195, 361-391, 1882 ; 9 : 1-17, 161-192, 385-402, 1883 ; 11 : 72-123, 193-220, 1885. (Opera omnia, Hoepli, Milano 295-393 e 397-536, 1903)
 
Golgi C : La Doctrine du Neurone. Theorie et Faits. In : Les Prix Nobel en 1906. Imprimerie Royale, PA Norstedt et Fils, Stockholm. (The neuron doctrine-Theory and facts. In : Nobel Lectures : Physiology or Medicine, 1901-1921. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 189-217, 1967.)
 
Gudden B von : Experimentaluntersuchungen uber das peripherische und centrale Nervensystem. Arch Psychiat 2 : 693-723, 1870.
 
Hannover A : Mikroskopiske Undersogelser af Nervesystemet. Kgl Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Afhandl 10 : 1-113, 1843.
 
Hannover A : Die Chromsaure : ein vorzugliches Mittel bei mikroskopischen Untersuchungen. Mullers Arch Anat Physiol wiss Med 549-588. 1840.
 
Hannover A : Recherches microscopiques sur le systeme nerveux. Philipsen, Brockhaus & Avenarius, Copenhague-Paris-Leipzig, 1844. (Mikroskopiske Undersogelser af Nerve-systemet. Mem Konigl Ges Wiss Kopenhagen 1842のフランス語訳)
 
Held H : Beitrage zur Struktur der Nervenzellen and ihrer Fortsatze. I Arch Anat u Physiol Anat Abt 1895, 396-416 ; II Abhandlung. ibid 1897, 204-294 ; III Abhandlung. ibid 1897, Suppl 273-312.
 
Held H : Lehre von den Neuronen and vom Neurencytium and ihr heutiger Stand. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin-Wien, 1929 (Fortschritte der Naturwiss Forsch, Herausgeg von E Abderhalden, Neue Folge, Heft 8, 51-44, 1929)
 
Helmholtz Hv : De fabrica systematis nervosi evertebratorum. Berolini, Nietackianis, Inaug Diss Berlin 1842, 2 Nov 29 pp. 8° C I tab.
 
His W : Die Entwicklung der ersten Nervenbahnen beim menschlichen Embryo. Ubersichtliche Darstellung. Arch Anat Physiol Anat Abt 368-378, 1887.
 
His W : Die Neuroblasten und deren Entstehung in embryonalen Marke. Abh Konig Sachs Ges Wiss, math-physik Kl 15 : 311-372, 1889.
 
Jacobson M : Foundations of Neuroscience. Planum Press, New York and London, 1993.
 
John HJ : Jan Evangelista Purkyne. Czech Scientist and Patriot (1787-1869). Proc Roy Soc Med 46 : 933-940, 1953.
 
Klebs : Die Einschmelzungsmethode, ein Beitrag zur mikroskopischen Technik. Arch Mikr Anat 5 : 164-166, 1869.
 
Koelliker RAv : Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Geschlechtsverhaltnisse und der Samenflussigkeit wirbelloser Thiere. Logier, Berlin, 1841.
 
Koelliker RAv : Die Selbstandigkeit and Abhangigkeit des sympathischen Nervensystems, durch anatomische Beobachtungen bewiesen. Ein akademisches Programm. Meyer & Zeller, Zurich, 1844.
 
Koelliker RAv : Mikroskopische Anatomic oder Gewebelehre des Menschen. II. Band, Spezielle Gewebelehre. W Engelmann, Leipzig, Heft 1, 1850 ; Heft 2, 1854.
 
Koelliker RAv : Handbuch der Gewebelehre der Menschen fur Arzte and Studierende. W Engelmann, Leipzig 1852 ; 2 Aufl 1855, 3 Aufl 1859, 4 Aufl 1863, 5 Aufl 1867 ; 6 Aufl (I Bd : Die allgemeine Gewebelehre und die Systeme der Haut, Knochen and Muskeln, II Bd : Nervensystem des Menschen und der Tiere) ; 6 Aufl Bd II, Heft 1 1893 ; Heft 2 1896 ; Bd III V v Ebner 1899.
 
Koelliker RAv : Uber die Dawinische Schopfungstheorie. Z Wiss Zool 14 : 174-186, 1864.
 
Koelliker RAv : Die Untersuchungen von Golgi uber den feineren Bau des centralen Nervensystems. Anat Anz 2 : 480-483, 1887.
 
Koelliker RAv : Golgis Untersuchungen uber den feineren Bau des centralen Nervensystems. Sitzber Physik Med Ges Wurzburg 1887 : 56-62.
 
Lauth EA : Recherches sur l'organisation du tissu nerveux. L'Institut 2 : 324-325, 1834.
 
Marchi V e Algeri G : Sulla degenerazioni discendenti consecutive a lesioni sperimentali in diverse zone della corteccia cerebrale. Riv Sper Freniatria Med Legal 11 : 492 494 e 12 : 208-252, 1885-1886.
 
Meyer A : Historical Aspects of Cerebral Anatomy. Oxford University Press, 1971.
 
Monro A : Bemerkungen uber die Struktur und Verrichtungen des Nervensystems. Schwickertscher Verlag, Leipzig. 1787. (S Fh v Soemmerring監修, 英文からの翻訳, 訳者不明).
 
Nissl F : Uber eine neue Untersuchungsmethode des Centralorgans speziell zur Feststellung der Localisation der Nervenzellen. Neurol Centralbl 13 : 507-508, 1894.
 
Nissl F : Uber die sogenannten Granula der Nervenzellen. Neurol Centralbl 13 : 676-685, 1894.
 
Nissl F : Die Neuronenlehre and ihre Anhanger. G Fisher, Jena, 1903.
 
Posner E : Evangelista Purkyne. Brit Med J 3 : 107-109, 1969.
PubMed
Prochaska G : De structura nervorum. tractatus anatomicus tabulis aeneis illustratus. Sectio I complectens succinctam enarrationem eorunt quae omnis aevi Auctores notabilia circa nervorum structuram memoriae tradidere, p. 6-44. Vindobonae 1779.
 
Purkinje JE : Ueber die Struktur des Seelenorgans. Uebersicht der Arbeiten and Veranderungen der Schlesischen Ges vaterl Cultur im Jahre 1836. 1837 : 56 (Jan Ev Purkyne Opera omnia. Purkynova Spolecnost, Prague. 2 : 87-88, 1937).
 
Purkinje JE : Uber die gangliosen Natur bestimmter Hirntheile. Ber vers Dtsch Naturf Arzte, Prague 1837. 15 : 174-175, 1838.
 
Purkinje JE : Neueste Beobachtungen uber die Struktur des Gehirns. Uebersicht der Arbeiten und Veranderungen der schlesischen Ges vaterl Cultur im Jahre 1837. 1838 : 87-88 (Opera omnia 2 : 87-88, 1937)
 
Purkinje JE : Beobachtungen, betreffend die innerste Struktur der Nerven. Uebersicht der Arbeiten und Veranderungen des schlesischen Ges vaterl Cultur im Jahre 1837. 1838 : 88 (Opera omnia 2 : 88-89, 1937)
 
Purkinje JE : Neueste Untersuchungen aus der Nerven- and Hirn-anatomie. Ber Vers dtsch Naturf u Arzte in Prag im Sep 1837. Herausgeg von K Sternberg and JV von Krombholz. Hasse, Prague 177-180, 1838 (Opera omnia 3 : 45-49, 1937)
 
Purkinje JE (Purkyne) : Opera omnia. Purkynova Spolecnost, Prague, 1 : 1918 ; 2 : 1937 ; 3 : 1939 ; 4 : 1941 ; 5 : 1951. このほかにOpera selectaが1948年に出版.
 
Ranvier LA : Contribution a l'histologie et a la physiologie des nerfs peripheriques. Compt rend hebd Acad Sci Paris 73 : 1168-1171, 1871.
 
Ranvier LA : Recherches sur l'histologie du systeme nerveux. Arch Physiol norm Pathol 4 : 129-149, 1872.
 
Ranvier LA : De la degenerescence des nerfs apres leur section. Compt rend Acad Sci Paris 75 : 1831-1835, 1872.
 
Ranvier LA : De la regeneration des nerfs sectionnes. Compt rend Acad Sci Paris 76 : 491-495, 1873.
 
Ranvier LA : De l'emplom de l'alcool dilue en histologie. Arch Physiol Normale et Pathol 1 : 781-796, 1874.
 
Ranvier LA : Des preparations du tissu osseux avec le bleu d'aniline insoluble dans l'alcool. Travaux Lab Histol 16-21, 1875.
 
Rauber A : Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. G Thieme, Leipzig, 1894.
 
Reil JC : Exercitationum anatomicarum fasciculus primus de structura nervovum tribus tubulis aenis illustratus. Halae : Officina Curtiana, 1796.
 
Reil JC : Fragmente uber die Bildung des kleinen Gehirns im Menschen. Arch Physiol 8 : 1-58, 1807/1808.
 
Reil JC : Das Balken-System oder die Balken-Organisation in groβen Gehirn. Arch Physiol 9 : 172-195, 1809.
 
Reiser KA : Die Nervenzelle. In : Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen. Herausgeg von W Mollendorff and W Bargmann. Bd IV, Teil 4, S 185-514, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Gottingen-Heidelberg, 1959.
 
Remak R : Vorlaufige Mitteilung mikroskopischer Beobachtungen uber den inneren Bau der Cerebro-spinalnerven und uber die Entwicklung uber Formelemente. Arch Anat Physiol wiss Med 1836, 145-161.
 
Remak R : Weitere mikroskopische Beobachtungen uber die Primitivfasern des Nervensystems der Wirbelthiere. Frorieps Neue Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und Heilkunde 1837, 36-41.
 
Remak R : Neurologische Notizen. Frorieps Neue Notizen aus dem Gebiete der-Natur- and Heilkunde 1837, 216.
 
Remak R : Observationes Anatomicae et Microscopicae de Systematis Nervosi Structura. Berolini, Reimerianis, Inaug Diss, 1838.
 
Remak R : Ueber die Struktur des Nervensystems. Frorieps Neue Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- and Heilkunde 1838, 342-346.
 
Remak R : Neurologische Erlauterungen. Arch Anat Physiol u wiss Med 209-210, 1851.
 
Remak R : Ueber den Bau der grauen Saulen im Ruckenmarke der Saugethiere. Goschens Dentsche Klinik 7 : 295, 1855.
 
Robin Ch : Sur la structure des ganglions nerveux des Vertebres. L'Institut, Section I 12, No. 687, 74-77, 1847.
 
Robin Ch : Sur la structure des ganglions nerveux des Raies. L'Institut, I Sect 15 : 171, 1847.
 
Schafer EA : Observations on the nervous system of Aurelia aurita. Phil Trans Roy Soc 169 : 563-575, 1879.
 
Schafer EA : The spinal cord and brain. In : Quains' Elements of Anatomie, 10th edition, Vol 3, Part 1. Ed by EA Schafer and GD Thane. Longmans, Green, London, 1893.
 
Schafer EA : The nerve cell considered as the basis of neurology. Brain 16 : 134-169, 1893.
 
Scharf J-H : Neuronenlehre and Reticulumtheorie als mogliche Bauprinzipien des Nervensystems. Wiss Z Univ Halle Math-Nat IX/1, 81-98, 1960.
 
Schiefferdecker P : Uber die Verwendung des Zelloidins in der anatomischen Technik. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abt 199-203, 1882.
 
Schleiden MJ : Beitrage zur Phyrogenesis. Mullers Arch 1838, 137-176.
 
Schultze M : Die Anwendung mit Jod konservierter tierischer Flussigkeiten als mazerierendes und konservierendes Mittel bei histologischen Untersuchungen. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 30 : 263-265, 1864.
 
Schwann Th : Uber die Analogie in der Structur und dem Wachsthume der Thiere and Pflanzen. Neue Not Geb Natur-u Heilk ges v LF v Froriep 5 : 33-36, 1838.
 
Schwann Th : Mikroskopische Untersuchungen uber die Ubereinstimmung in der Struktur und dem Wachstum der Thiere and Pflanzen. Sandersche Buch handlung, Berlin, 1839.
 
Shepherd GM : Foundations of the Neuron Doctorine. Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford, 1991.
 
Sherrington CS : The Central Nervous System. In : M Fosters A Text Book of Physiology. 7th Edit, Macmillan, London, 1897.
 
Smith GE and Dawson WR : Egyptian Mummies. G Allen & Unwin, London, 1924.
 
Spitzka EA : A study of the Brains of Six Eminent Scientists and Scholars. Amer Philosoph Soc, Philadelphia, 1907.
 
Stieda L : Geschichte der Entwicklung der Lehre von den Nervenzellen und Nervenfasern wahrend des 19. Jahrhunderts. I Teil : Von Summering bis Deiters. In Festschrift zum 70 Geburtstag von CV Kupffer S. 79-106, G Fischer, Jena, 1899.
 
Stilling B : Untersuchungen uber die Funktionen des Ruckenmarks und der Nerven. O Wignand, Leipzig, 1842.
 
Stilling B : Ueber die Textur und die Funktionen der Medulla oblongata. F Enke, Erlangen, 1843.
 
Stilling B : Anatomische und mikroskopische Untersuchungen uber den feineren Bau der Nerven-Primitivfasern und der Nervenzellen. Verlag von literarischer Anstalt, Frankfurt, 1856.
 
Stilling B : Neue Untersuchungen uber den Bau des Ruckenmarks. Hotop, Cassel, 1859.
 
Stilling B and Wallach : Untersnuchungen uber den Bau des Nervensystems. I Heft, Untersuchungen uber die Textur des Ruckenmarks. Leipzig, 1842.
 
Stohr Ph jr : Mikroskopische Anatomic des vegetativen Nervensystems. In : Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomic des Menschen. Herausgeg von W Mollendorff und W Bargmann, Bd IV, Teil 5, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Gottingen-Heidelberg, 1957.
 
Treviranus GR : Uber die organischen Elemente des thierischen Korpers. In : Vermischte Schriften des anatomischen und physiologischen Inhalts von GR Treviranus und LC Treviranus. Bd. 1 S. 117-144, JR Rower, Gottingen, 1816.
 
Valentin G : Ueber den Verlauf and das letzten Ende der Nerven. Bei der Akademie eingegangen den 9. Februar 1836. Acta Acad Leopold-Carol. T. 10 Pars I, Breslau and Bonn 1836, 50-240, mit 8 Tafeln II-X.
 
Valentin G : Uber die Scheide der Ganglienkugel und deren Fortsetzung. Mullers Arch 1839, 138-164, Mit Tafel VI.
 
Van der Loos H : The history of the neuron. In : The Neuron. Ed by H Hyden. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1-47. 1967.
 
Van Leeuwenhoek A : Send-brieven, zoo aan de Hoog-edele Heeren van de Koninklyke Societeit to Londen. als aan andere Aansienelyke en Geleerde Lieden.... Adrianum Beman, Delphis, 1718.
 
Van Leeuwenhoek A : Epistolae Physiologicae Super Compluribus Naturae Arcanis.... Adrianum Beman, Delphis, 1719.
 
Van Leeuwenhoek A : The Select Works ; Containing His Microscopical Discoveries in Many Works of Nature. Translat by S Hoole. Vol 1 Fry, London ; Vol 2 Philantropic Society, London, 1798-1807.
 
Van Zuylen J : The microscopes of Antoni van Leeuwenhoeck. J Microscopy 121 : 309-328, 1981.
 
Viets HR : Camillo Golgi. Arch Neurol Psychiat 15 : 623-627, 1926.
 
Viets HR and Garrison FH : Purkinje's original description of the pearshaped cells in the cerebellum. Bull Hist Med 8 : 1397-1398, 1940.
 
Volkmann AW : In : Bidder FH, Zur Lehre von dem Verhaltnis der Ganglien-Korper zu den Nervenfasern. Neue Beitr, nebst einen Anhange von AW Volkmann Breitkopf & Haertel, Leipzig, 1847.
 
Wagner R : Sympathischer Nerv, Ganglienstruktur und Nervenendigungern. In : Handworterbuch der Physiologic, Bd III 1 Abt, Vieweg, Braunschweig 360-406, 1846.
 
Wagner R : Neue Untersuchungen uber den Bau und die Endigungen der Nerven und die Struktur der Ganglien. Suppl zu den Icones Physiologicae Voβ, Leipzig, 1847.
 
Waldeyer HWG : Uber einige neuere Forschungen im Gebiete der Anatomie des Centralnerven-systems. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 17 : 1213-1218, 1244-1246, 1267-1269, 1287-1289, 1331-1332 und 1352-1356, 1891.
 
Waller A : Sur la reproduction des nerfs sur la structure et les functions des ganglions spinaux. Arch Anat Physiol wiss Med 392-401, 1852.
 
Waller A : Observations sur les effects de la section des racines spinales et du nerf pneumogastrique au-dessus de son ganglion inferieur chez les Mammiferes. Compt Rend Acad Set Paris 34 : 582-587, 1852.
 
Weigert C : Uber eine neue Untersuchungsmethode des Centralnervensystems. Centralbl Med Wiss Nr 42 : 753-757 und Nr 43 : 772-774, 1882.
 
Weigert C : Zur Markscheidenfarbung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr Nr 42 : 1184-1186. 1891.
 

II ニューロンの形態と細胞体

P.100 掲載の参考文献
Addison WHF : The development of Purkinje cells and of the cortical layers in the cerebellum of the albino rat. J Comp Neurol 21 : 459-487, 1911.
 
Allen RA : Isolated cilia in inner retinal neurons and in retinal pigment epithelium. J Ultrastruct Res 12 : 730-747, 1965.
PubMed
Altmann R : Die Elementarorganismen und ihre Beziehungen zu den Zellen. Veit Leipzig, 1890/94.
 
Angelmuller S and Fahimi HD : Cytochemical localization of β-NADP ase in rat hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. J Histochem Cytochem 32 : 541-546. 1984.
 
Aoyania F : Fine Modifikation der Cajalschen Methode zur Darstellung des Golgischen Binnennetzapparates. Z Wiss Med 46 : 489-491, 1929.
 
Apathy S : Das leitende Element des Nervensystems und seine topographischen Beziehungen zu den Zeller. Mitt Zool Stat Napoli 12 : 495-748, 1897.
 
Arens M and Straznicky C : The development of trigeminal (V) motor nucleus in normal and tubocurare treated chick embryos. Anat Embrvol 174 : 67-72, 1986.
PubMed
Armstrong UM and Schild R : A quantitative study of the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the albino rat. J Comp Neurol 139 : 449-456. 1970.
 
Baffoni GM : Osservazioni sulla morfogenesi e sull'istogenesi del cerevelletto di uccelli e sulciclo vitale dei neuroni cerebellari. Riv Neurobiol (Perugia) 9 : 453 580, 1963.
 
Barden H : The histochemical relationship of neuromelanin and lipofuschin. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 28 : 419-441, 1969.
 
Barden H and Martin E : Electron probe microanalysis of neurumelanin and lipofusein. In : Pigmentation : Its Genesis and Biologic Control. Ed by V Riley. Appleton Century Croftz, New York, pp 631-638, 1972.
 
Barr ML : The significance of the sex chromatin. Int Rev Cytol 19 : 35-95, 1966.
 
Barr ML and Bertrum EG : A morphological distinction between neurons of the male and female and the behavior of the nuclear satellite during accelerated nucleoprotein synthesis. Nature 163 : 676-677, 1949.
 
Barr ML. Bertrum LF and Lindsay HA : The morphology of the nerve cell nucleus, according to sex. Anat Rec 107 : 283-297, 1950.
 
Baserga R : The Biology of Cell Reproduction. Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1985.
 
Benda C : Uber die Spermatogenese der Vertebraten and hoherer Certebraten. Verh Physiol Ges Berlin 14-17, 1897/98.
 
Bennett MR and Pettigrew AG : The formation of synapses in amphibian striated muscle during development. J Physiol (Load) 252 : 203-239, 1975.
 
Beasley RR and Gersh I : Studies on cell structure by the freezing-drying method. III. The distribution is cell of the basophilic substances, in particular the Nissl substance of the nerve cell. Anat Rec 57 : 369-385, 1933.
 
Berger H : Untersuchungen uber den Zellgehalt der menschlichen Grosshirnrinde. Z ges Neurol Psychiat 69 : 46-60, 1921.
 
Bergh RS : Beifrage zur vergleichenden Histologie. Anat Hefte 14 : 379-407, 1900.
 
Bernocchi G, Redi CA and Scherini E : Feulgen-DNA content of the Purkinje neuron : "diploid" or "tetraploid"? Basic Appl Histochem 23 : 68-88, 1976.
PubMed
Berry M, McConnell P and Sievers J : Dendritic growth and the control of neuronal form. Current Topics in Dev Biol 15 : 67-101, 1980.
 
Bethe A : Das Nervensystem von Carcinus maenas. Ein anatomisch-physiologischer Versuch. Arch mikr Anat 50 : 460-546, 589-639, 1897 und 51 : 382-452, 1898.
 
Bethe A : Uber die Neurofibrillen in den Ganglienzellen von Wirbeltieren und ihre Beziehungen zu den Golginetzen. Arch Mikr Anat 55 : 513-558, 1900.
 
Bethe A : Allgemeine Anatomie und Physiologie des Nervensystems G Thieme, Leipzig. 1903.
 
Bethe A : Der heutige Stand der Neurontheorie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 30 : 1201-1204, 1904.
 
Bielschowsky M : Die Silberimpragnation der Achsenzylinder. Neurol Centralbl Nr 21 : 579-584, 1902.
 
Bielschowsky M : Die Silberimpragnation der Neurofibrillen. J Psychol Neurol 3 : 169-189, 1904.
 
Bielschowsky M : Die Darstellung der Axenzylinder peripherischer Nervenfasern and der Axenzylinder zentraler markhaltiger Nervenfasern. J Psychol Neurol 4 : 227-231. 1905.
 
Bielschowsky M : Die histologische Seite des Neuronenlehe. J Psychol Neurol 5 : 128-150, 1905.
 
Bielschowsky M : Nervengewebe. In : Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomic des Menschen. Herausgeg von W v Mollendorff. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Bd 4, Teil 1, S 1-142, 1928.
 
Blackstad TW : Mapping of experimental axon degeneration by electron microscopy of Golgi preparation. Z Zellforsch 67 : 819-834, 1965.
PubMed
Bodian D : The generalized vertebrate neuron. Science 137 : 323-326, 1962.
PubMed
Bohn RC and Mitchell RB : Cvtophotometric identification of tetraploid Purkinje cells in young and aged rats. J Neurobiol 7 : 255-258, 1976.
 
Borges MM, Paula-Barbosa MM and Volk B : Chronic alcohol consumption induces lipofuscin deposition in the rat hippocampus. Neurobiol Aging 7 : 347-355, 1986.
PubMed
Bourrat E and Sotelo C : Postnatal development of the inferior olivary complex in the rat. III. A morphometric analysis of volumetric growth and neuronal cell number. Dev Brain Res 16 : 241-251, 1984.
 
Bowen RH : The origin of secretory granules. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 9 : 349-352, 1923.
PubMed
Braak II : Architectonics as seen by lipofuscin stains. In : Cerebral Cortex. Vol 1. Cellular Components of the Cerebral Cortex. Ed by A Peters and EG Jones. Plenum Press, New York, pp 59-104, 1984.
 
Brachet J : The use of basic dyes and ribonuclease for the cytochemical detection of ribonucleic acid. Quart J Micr Sci 94 : 1-10, 1953.
 
Braitenberg V and Atwood RP : Morphological observations on the cerebellar cortex. J Comp Neurol 109 : 1-27, 1958.
PubMed
Brawer JW : The role of the arcuate nucleus in the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. J Comp Neurol 143 : 411-446, 1971.
 
Bregnard A, Knusel A and Knenzle CC : Are all neuronal nuclei polyploid? Histochemistry 43 : 59-61, 1975.
 
Brenner S : The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 77 : 71-94, 1974.
PubMed
Broadwell RD and Cataldo A : The neuronal endoplasmic reticulum : its cytochemistry and contribution to the endomembrane system. I. Cell bodies and dendrites. J Histochem Cytochem 3 : 1077-1088, 1983.
 
Broadwell RD and Cataldo A : II. Axons and terminals. J Comp Neurol 23 : 231-248, 1984.
 
Broadwell RD and Oliver C : Golgi apparatus GERL and secretory granule formation within neurons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of control and hyperosmotically stressed mice. J Cell Biol 90 : 474-484, 1981.
PubMed
Brodskji V Ja and Kusc AA : Izmenenie cisla polyploidnych kletok v postembryonalnom razvitiji tkanej krysy. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR Otd Biol 162 : 713-716, 1962.
 
Brody H : Organization of the cerebral cortex. III. A study of aging in the human cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 102 : 511-556, 1955.
 
Buell SJ and Coleman PD : Individual differences in dendritic growth in human aging and semile dementia. In : The Psychociology of Aging Problems and Perspectives. Ed by DC Stein. Elsevier, New York, pp 283-296, 1980.
 
Burgoyne RD : The Neuronal Cytoskeleton. John Wiley & Son Inc, New York, 1991.
 
Buttlar-Brentano K von : Zur Lebensgeschichte des Nucleus basalis, tuberomammillaris, supraopticus, and paraventricularis unter normalen und pathogenen Bedingungen. J Hirnforsch 1 : 337-419, 1954.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Estructura de los centros nerviosos de las ayes. Rev Trimestr Histol 1 : 1-10, 1888.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sobre las fibras nerviosas de la capa molecular del cerebelo. Rev Trimestr Histol 1 : 33-49, 1888.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Manuel de Histologia Normal y de Tecnica Micrografica. Libreria de Pascuel Aguilar, Valencia 1889. (この書は1895年にN. Moya, Madridから再販, 2版1897, 3版1901, 4版1905として出版されている)
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Recuerdos de mi vida Recollections of my life. Translated by EH Craigie and J Cane. The MIT Press, Cambridge Mass. -London, 1889.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Uber einige Methoden der Silberimpragnierung zur Untersuchung der Neurofibrillen, der Achsenzylinder und der Endverzweigungen. Z Wiss Mikrosk 20 : 401-408, 1903.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Methode nouvelle pour la coloration des neurofibrilles. Comp Rend Hebd des Seances et Mem de la Soc Biol 55 : 1565-1568, 1903.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Une methode simple pour la coloration elective du reticulum protoplasmatique et sea resultats dans des divers centres nerveux. Bibliogr Anat 13 : 242-275, 1905.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Histologie du Systdme Nerveux de l'Homme et des Vertebres. Vols I et II. Maloine, Paris, 1909/1911.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Alguuas variaciones fisiologicas y patologicas del aparato reticular de Golgi. Trab Lab Invest Biol Univ Madrid 12, fasc 2°, 1915.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Ncuronismo o reticularismo? Las pruebas objectivas de la unidad anatomica, de las celulas nerviosas. Arch Neurobiol Psicol Madrid 13 : 217-291 y 579-646, 1933. (仏訳はTrab Lab Invest Biol Univ Madrid 29 : 2-137, 1934, 独訳はBumke-Foersters Handbuch der Neurologie, Bd 1, S887-994, 1935, 英訳はConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid 1954から出版)
 
Caspersson T : Die Untersuchung der Nukleinsaureverteilung im Zellkern. Z Wiss Mikr 53 : 403-419, 1936.
 
Caspersson T : Uber den chemischen Aufbau der Strukturen des Zellkernes. Acta Physiol Scand 73 : Suppl 8, 1-151, 1936.
 
Caspersson T : Cell Growth and Cell Function. A Cytochemical Study, Norton. New York, 1950.
 
Castel M, Gainer H and Delmann H-D : Neuronal secretory systems. hit Rev Cytol 88 : 303 459. 1984.
 
Chalfie M : Neuronal development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Trends in Neurosci 9 : 197-202, 1984.
 
Cheetham RD, Morre DJ, Pannek C and Friend DS : Isolation of a Golgi apparatus-rich fraction from rat liver. IV. Thiamine pyrophosphatase. J Cell Biol 49 : 899-905, 1971.
PubMed
Chu-Wang I-W : Cell death of motoneurons in the chick embryo spinal cord. 11, A quantitative and qualitative analysis of degeneration in the ventral root, including evidence for axon outgrowth and limb innervation prior to cell death. J Comp Neurol 177 : 59-86, 1978.
 
Chu-Wang I-W and Oppenheim RW : Cell death of motoneurons in the chick embryo spinal cord. I. Light and electron microscopic study of naturally occurring and induced cell loss during delevopment. J Comp Neurol 177 : 33-58, 1978.
 
Clarke PGH : The genuineness of isthmooptic neuronal death in chick embryos. Anat Embryol 165 : 389 404, 1982.
 
Cohen S. Levi-Montalcini R and Hamberger V : A nerve growth-stimulating factor isolated from sarcomas 37 and 180. Proc Natl Acad Sci 40 : 1014-1018, 1954.
 
Collin R : Recherches cytologiques sur le development de la cellule nerveuse. Nevraxe 8 : 181-308, 1906.
 
Colonnier M : Synaptic patterns on different cell types in the different laminae of the cat visual cortex. Brain Res 9 : 268-287, 1968.
PubMed
Count EW : Brain an body weight in man. The antecedents in growth and evolution. Ann NY Acad Sci 46 : 993-1122, 1947.
 
Cox WH : Impragnation des zentralen Nervensystems mit Quecksilbersalzen. Arch Mikr Anat 37 : 16-21. 1981.
 
Critchley M : Aging of the nervous system. In : Problems of Aging. Ed by EV Cowdry. Williams and Wilkins Co, Baltimore. 2nd ed, pp 518-534, 1942.
 
Cullheim S and Kellerth J : Combined light and electron microscopic tracing of neurons including axons and synaptic terminals after intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Neurosci Lett 2 : 307-313. 1976.
PubMed
Dabauvalle MC, Benavente R and Chaly N : Monoclonal antibodies to a Mr 68000 pore complex glycoprotein interfere with nuclear protein up-take in Xenopus oocytes. Chromosoma 97 : 193-197, 1988-
 
Da Fano C : On Golgi's internal apparatus in different physiological conditions of the mammary gland. J Physiol (Lond) 56 : 549-576, 1922.
 
Da Fano C : Methods for the demonstration of Golgi's internal apparatus. Med Sci Abstr 11, 1925. (Romeis 13 : Mikroskopische Technik. Leibniz Verlag. Munchen, 1948から引用).
 
D'Agnostino AJ and Lose SA : Electron microscopic observations on the human substantia nigra. Neurology 14 : 529-536, 1964.
 
Dahl HA : The fine structure of cilia in rat cerebral cortex. Z Zellforsch 60 : 369-386. 1963.
PubMed
Dalton A, 1 and Felix MD : Cytologic and cytochemical characteristics of the Golgi substance of epithelial cells of the epididymis in situ, in homogenates and after isolation. Amer J Anat 94 : 171-207, 1953.
 
Danielli JE and Davson HA : A contribution to the theory of permeability of thin films. J Cell Comp Physiol 5 : 495-508, 1935.
 
Davis L and Blobel G : Identification and characterization of a nuclear pore complex protein. Cell 45 : 699-709, 1986.
PubMed
De Duve C : The lysosome concept. In : Lysosomes. Ed by AVS Reuck and MP Cameron. Little Brown and Co., Boston, pp 1-31, 1963.
 
De Duve C : The peroxisome : a new cytoplasmic organelle. Proc Roy Soc (Lond) 173 : 71, 1969.
 
De Dove C, Pressman BC, Gianetto R, Wattiaux R and Appelmans F : Tissue fractionation studies. VI. Intracellular distribution patterns of enzymes in rat liver tissue. Biochem J 60 : 604-617. 1955.
 
Deitch AD and Moses MJ : The Nissl substance of living and fixed spinal ganglion cells. II. An ultraviolet absorption study. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 3 : 449-456, 1957.
 
Deitch AD and Murray MR : The Nissl substance of living and fixed spinal ganglion cells. I. A phase contrast study. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2 : 433-444, 1956.
 
Detwiler SR : Experiments on the transplantation of limbs in Ambystonia. The formation of nerve plexuses and the function of the limbs. J Exper Zool 31 : 117-169, 1920.
 
Detwiler SR : On the hyperplasia of nerve centers resulting from excessive peripheral loading. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 6 : 96-101, 1920.
PubMed
Dingwall C and Laskey RA : Protein import into the cell nucleus. Ann Rev Cell Biol 2 : 367-390, 1986.
PubMed
Donaldson HH : The Growth of the Brain. Scribnor, London-New York, 1895.
 
Duffy CJ and Rakic P : Differentiation of granule cell dendrites in the dentate gyros of the rhesus monkey. A quantitative Golgi study. J Comp Neural 214 : 224-237, 1983.
 
Duffy PE and Tennyson VM : Phase and electron microscope observations of Lewy bodies and melanin granules in the substantia nigra and locus caeruleus in Parkinson's disease. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 24 : 398-414, 1965.
 
Duncan D, Willianis V and Morales R : Centrioles and cilia-like structures in spinal gray natter. Tex Rep Biol Med 21 : 185-187. 1963.
 
Dunphy WG and Rothman JE : Compartmental organization of the Golgi stack. Cell 42 : 13-21, 1985.
PubMed
Dustin P : Microtubules. Springer-Verlag. New York, 2nd Edit. 1984.
 
Ebbesson SOE : A quantitative study of human superior cervical sympathetic ganglia. Anat Rec 146 : 353-356. 1963.
 
Ebbesson SOE : Quantitative studies of superior cervical sympathetic ganglia in a variety of primates including man. I. The ratio of preganglionic fibers to ganglionic neurons. J Morphol 124 : 117-131, 1968.
 
Ebbesson SOE : Quantitative studies of superior cervical sympathetic ganglia in a variety of primates including man. II. Neuronal packing density. J Morphol 124 : 181-185, 1968.
 
Eccles JC, Ito M and Szentagothai J : The Cerebellum as a Neuronal Machine. Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg, 1967.
 
Economo C von and Koskinas GN : Die Cytoarchtektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen. Springer-Verlag, Wien and Berlin, 1925.
 
Ehrenreich JH, Bergeron JJM, Siekevitz P and Palade GE : Golgi fractions prepared from rat liver homogenates. I. Isolation procedure and morphological characterization. J Cell Biel 59 : 45-72, 1973.
 
Einarson L : A method for progressive selective staining of Nissl- and nuclear substance in nerve cells. Amer J Pathol 8 : 295-308, 1932.
 
Einarson L : Notes on the morphology of the chromophil material of nerve cells and its relation to nuclear substances. Amer J Anat 53 : 151-175, 1933.
 
Einarson L : Die Gallocyanin-Chromlackreaktion als Grundlage eines Nervenzellaquivalentbildes. Laeknabladid 20 : 1-142, 1934.
 
Einarson L : Histological analysis of the Nissl-pattern and -substance of nerve cells. J Comp Neurol 61 : 101-133, 1935.
 
Einarson L and Bentsen K : Bemerkungen zur progressiv-selektiven farberischen Darstellung der Nervenzellen in Paraffin- and Zelloidin-Schnitten. Z Wiss Mikr 56 : 265-272, 1939.
 
Ellis HM and Horvitz HR : Genetic control of programmed cell death in the nematode C elegans. Cell 44 : 817-829, 1986.
PubMed
Ellis RS : A preliminary quantitative study of Purkinje cells in normal, subnormal, and senescent human cerebella, with some notes on functional localization. J Comp Neurol 30 : 229-252, 1919.
 
Faberge AC : Direct demonstration of eight-fold symmetry in nuclear pores. Z Zellforsch 136 : 183-190, 1973.
PubMed
Faberge AC : The nuclear pore complex : Its free existence and hypothesis as to its origin. Cell Tissue Res 151 : 403-415, 1974.
PubMed
Farquhar MG : Membrane recyching in secretory cells : implications for traffic of products and specialized membranes within the Golgi complex. Methods Cell Biol 23 : 399-427, 1981.
PubMed
Farquhar MG : Progress in unraveling pathways of Golgi traffic. Ann Rev Cell Biol 1 : 447-488, 1985.
PubMed
Farquhar MG and Palade GE : The Golgi apparatus (complex)-(1954-1981)-from artefact to center stage. J Cell Biel 91 (Suppl) : 77-103, 1981.
 
Fawcett DW : On the occurrence of a fibrous lamina on the inner aspect of the nuclear envelope in certain cells of vertebrates. Amer J Anat 119 : 129-146, 1966.
PubMed
Feldherr CM, Kallenbach E and Schultz N : Movement of a karyophilic protein through the nuclear pores of oocytes. J Cell Biol 99 : 2216-2222, 1984.
PubMed
Finlay BL and Slattery M : Local differences in the amount of cell death in neocortex predict local specialization. Science 219 : 1349-1351, 1983.
PubMed
Finlay DR, Newmeyer DD, Price TM and Forbes DJ : Inhibition of in vitro nuclear transport by a lectin that binds to nuclear pores. J Cell Biol 104 : 189-200, 1987.
PubMed
Forley JM and Baxter D : On the nature of pigment granules in the cells of the locus coeruleus and substantia nigra. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 17 : 586-598, 1958.
 
Fox CA and Bernard JW : A quantitative study of the Purkinje cell dendritic branchlets and their relationship to afferent fibres. J Anat 91 : 299-313, 1957.
 
Franke WW : Structure biochemistry and functions of the nuclear envelope. Int Rev Cytol Suppl 4 : 71-236, 1974.
 
Franke WW : Nuclear envelopes, Structure and biochemistry of the nuclear envelope. Phil Trans Roy Soc Set B 268 : 67-93, 1974.
 
Franke W, Scheer U, Krohne G and Jarasch E : The nuclear envelope and the architecture of the nuclear periphery. J Cell Biol (Suppl) 91 : 39s-50s, 1981.
 
Fregerslev S, Blackstad TW, Fredens K and Holm MJ : Golgi potassium-dichromate silver nitrate impregnation. Nature of the precipitate studied by X-ray powder diffraction methods. Histochemie 25 : 63-71, 1971.
PubMed
Friedrich VL and Brand S : Density and relative number of granule and Purkinje cells in cerebellar cortex of cat. Neuroscience 5 : 349-356, 1980.
PubMed
Friend DS and Murray MH : Osmium impregnation of the Golgi apparatus. Amer J Anat 117 : 135-150, 1965.
 
Fujita S : DNA constancy in neurons of the human cerebellum, and spinal cord as revealed by Feulgen cytophotometry and cytofluorometry. J Comp Neurol 155 : 195-202, 1974.
PubMed
Fujita S, Hattori T, Fukuda M and Kitamura T : DNA contents in Purkinje cells and inner granule neurons in the developing rat cerebellum. Dev Growth Differ 16 : 205-211, 1974.
 
Furicchia JV and Goshgarian HG : Dendritic organization of phrenic motoneurons in the adult rat. Exper Neurol 96 : 621-634, 1987.
 
Garcia-Segura LM, Lafarga M, Berciano MT, Hernandez P and Andres MA : Distribution of nuclear pores and chromatin organization in neurons and glial cells of the rat cerehellar cortex. J Comp Neurol 290 : 440-450, 1990.
 
Garnier C : Contribution a l'etude de la structure et du fonctionement des cellules glandulaires sereuses. J Anat (Paris) 36 : 22-98, 1900.
 
Gerace L and Blobel G : Nuclear lamina and the structural organization of the nuclear envelope. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 46 : 967-978, 1982.
PubMed
Gerace L, Ottaviano Y and Kondor-Koch C : Identification of a major polypeptide of the nuclear pore complex. J Cell Biol 95 : 826-837, 1982.
 
Giordano DL, Murray M and Cunningham TJ : Naturally occurring cell death in the optic leyers of superior colliculus of the postnatal rat. J Neurocytol 9 : 603-614, 1980.
 
Golgi C : Sulla struttura della sostanza grigia del cervello. Gaz Med Ital Lombardia 6 : 244-246, 1873 (Opera Omnia Vol 2, 91-98, Hoepli, Milano, 1903). 英訳 : On the structure of the grey matter of the brain. Translat by M Santini. In : Golgi Centennial Symposium. Ed by M Santini. Raven Press, New York, pp 647-650, 1975.
 
Golgi C : Di una nuova reazione apparentemente nera della cellule nervose cerebrali ottenuta col bicloruro di mercurio. Arch Sci Med 3 : 1-7, 1879.
 
Golgi C : Sur l'anatomie microscopique der organs centraux du systeme nerveux. Arch Itsl Biol 7 : 15-47, 1886.
 
Golgi C : La rete nervosa diffusa degli organi centrali del sistemo nervosa : Suo significato fisiologico. Rendiconti R Ist Lombardo Sci Lett. Ser 2, 24 : 595-656, 1891.
 
Golgi C : Le reseau nerveux dittos des centres du systeme nerveux, ses attributes physiologiques ; methode suivie dans les recherches histologiques. Arch Ital Biol 15 : 434-46 : 3, 1891.
 
Golgi C : Das diffuse nervose Netz der Centralorgane des Nervensystems. In : Untersuchungen uber den feineren Ban des centralen und peripherischen Nervensystems. (Ubersetzt von R. Teuscher). Fischer, Jena 5245-260, 1894.
 
Golgi C : Intorno alla struttura delle cellule nervose. (Bollettino della Societa medico-chirurgica di Pavia. 19. April 1898). Arch Ital Biol 30 : 60-71, 1898. (Lipsky NGによる英訳 : On the structure of nerve cells. J Microscopy 155 : 3-7, 1989).
 
Golgi C : Sulla struttura delle cellule nervose di gangli spinali. (Bollettino della Societa Medico-Chirurgica di Padva. 15. July 1898). Arch Ital Biol 30 : 278-286, 1898. (Lipsky NGによる英訳 : On the structure of the nerve cells of the spinal ganglia. J Microscopy 155 : 9-14, 1989).
 
Golgi C : Di nuovo sulla struttura delle cellule nervose di gangli spinali. Arch Ital Biol 31 : 273-280, 1899.
 
Golgi C : Di una minuta particolarita die struttura dell'epitelio della mucosa gastrica ed intestinale di alcuni vertebrati. Opera omnia IV : 1299-1333, 1930.
 
Gonatas NK : Presidential address. The role of neuronal Golgi apparatus in a centripetal membrane vesicular traffic. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 41 : 6-17, 1982.
 
Gorter E and Grendel F : On bimolecular layers of lipoids on the chromocytes of the blood. J Exper Med 41 : 439-443, 1925.
 
Graham DG : Oxidative pathways for catecholamines in the genesis of neuromelanin and cytotoxic quinones. Mol Pharmacol 14 : 633-643, 1978.
PubMed
Graham DG : On the origin and significance of neuromelanin. Arch Pathol Lab Med 103 : 359-362, 1979.
PubMed
Grasse P-P : Ultrastructure polarite et reproduction de l'appareil de Golgi. Compt Rend Hebd Seances Acad Sci 245 : 1278-1281, 1957.
 
Gray EG and Guillery R W : Synaptic morphology in the normal and degenerating nervous system. Int Rev Cytol 19 : 111-182, 1966.
 
Grillo MA : Cytoplasmic inclusions resembling nucleoli in sympathetic neurons of adult rats. J Cell Biol 45 : 100-117, 1970.
PubMed
Haguenau F and Bernhard W : L'appareil de Golgi dans les cellules normales et cancereuses de vertebres ; rappel historique et etude au microscope electronique. Arch Anat Micr Morphol exper 44 : 27-55, 1955.
 
Hamburger V : The effects of wing bud extirpation on the development of the central nervous system of chick embryos. J Exper Zool 68 : 449-494, 1934.
 
Hamburger V : The development and innervation of transplanted limb primordia of chick embryos. J Exper Zool 80 : 347-385, 1939.
 
Hamburger V : Motor and sensory hyperplasia following limb-bud transplantations in chick embryos. Physiol Zool 12 : 268-284, 1939.
 
Hamburger V : Regression versus peripheral control of differentiation in motor hypoplasia. Amer J Anat 102 : 365-410, 1958.
PubMed
Hamburger V : Cell death in the development of the lateral motor column of the chick embryo. J Comp Neurol 160 : 535-546, 1975.
PubMed
Hamburger V : The developmental history of the motor neuron. The FO Schmidt Leture in Neuroscience 1976. Neurosci Rees Prog Bull 15 (Suppl 3) : 1-37, 1977.
 
Hamburger V, Brunso-Bechtold JK and Yip J : Neuronal death in the spinal ganglia of the chick embryo and its reduction by nerve growth factor. J Neurosci 1 : 60-71, 1981.
PubMed
Hamburger V and Levi-Montalcini R : Proliferatiton differentiation and degeneration in the spinal ganglia of the chick embryo under normal and experimental conditions. J Exper Zool 162 : 133-160, 1949.
 
Hardesty I : Observations on the medulla spinalis of the elephant with some comparative studies of the intumescentia cervicalis and the neurones of the columna anterior. J Comp Neurol 12 : 125-182, 1902.
 
Harms JW : Alterserscheinungen im Hirn von Affen und Menschen. Zool Anz 74 : 249-256, 1927.
 
Harris JR and Marshall P : The nuclear envelope and the nuclear pore complex : Some electron microscopic and biochemical considerations. In : Electron Microscopy of Proteins. Ed by Harris JR. Acad Press, London, 1981.
 
Hasan M and Glees P : Genesis and possible dissolution of neuronal lipofuscin. Gerontologia 18 : 217-236, 1972.
PubMed
服部貞吉 : 中枢神経系統の色素に就いて. 日病理会誌 4 : 293-299, 1911.
 
Henneberg R : Messungen der Oberflache der Groβhirnrinde. J Psychol Neurol 17 : 144-158, 1910/11.
 
Herman CJ and Lapham LW : DNA content of neurons in the cat hippocampus. Science 160 : 537, 1968.
PubMed
Herrup K, Letsou A and Diglio TJ : Cell lineage relationships in the development of the mammalian CNS : The facial nerve nucleus. Dev Biol 103 : 329-336, 1984.
PubMed
Hillman DE and Chen S : Vulnerability of cerebellar development in malnutrition. I. Quantitation of layer volume and neuron numbers. Neuroscience 6 : 1249-1262, 1981.
 
Hinds JW and McNelly NA : Aging of the rat olfactory bulb : Growth and atrophy of constituent layers and changes in size and number of mitral cells. J Comp Neurol 171 : 345-368, 1977.
 
Hirsch GC : Form- and Stoffwechsel der Golgi Korper. Protoplasma-Monographien, Bd 18, Gebr Borntrager, Berlin, 1939.
 
Hirsch GC : Das Lamellen-Vakuolen-Feld, Handbuch der Biologie, Bd 1, 409-452 (Dynamik der tierischen Zelle Kap VII), Akad Verlagsgesell Athenaion, Dr A Hachfeld, Konstanz, 1962.
 
Hirschberg CB and Snider MD : Topography of glycosylation in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Annu Rev Biochem 56 : 63-87, 1987.
PubMed
Hirschler J : Uber die Plasmastrukturen (Mitochondrien, Golgischer Apparat u. a.) in den Geschlechts-zellen der Ascariden. Arch Zellforsch 9 : 351-398, 1913.
 
Hodge CF : Changes in ganglion cells from birth to senile death. Observations on man and honey bee. J Physiol 17 : 129-134, 1894.
 
Hodgkin AL and Huxley AF : A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. J Physiol 117 : 500-544, 1952.
PubMed
Hollyday M and Hamburger V : Reduction of the naturally occurring motor neuron loss by enlargement of the periphery. J Comp Neurol 170 : 311-320, 1976.
PubMed
Holt G, Snow CM, Senior A, Haltiwanger R, Gerace L and Hart G : Nuclear pore complex glycoproteins contain cytoplasmically disposed O-linked N-acetylglucosamine. J Cell Biol 104 : 1157-1164, 1987.
PubMed
Holtzman E : Peroxisomes in nervous tissue. Ann NY Acad Sci 386 : 523-525, 1982.
 
Holtzman E : Lysosomes. Plenum, New York 1989.
 
Holtzman E and Mercurio AM : Membrane circulation in neurons and photoreceptors. Some unresolved issues. In Rev Cytol 67 : 1-67, 1980.
PubMed
Hopkins WG, Brown MC and Keynes RJ : Postnatal growth of motor nerve terminals in muscles of the mouse. J Neurocytol 14 : 525-540, 1985.
PubMed
Horvitz HR : Neuronal cell lineages in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In : Development of the Nervous System. Ed by D Garrod and J Feldman. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp. 331-345, 1981.
 
Hughes AF : Cell degeneration in the laval ventral horn of Xenopus laevis (Daudin). J Embryol Exper Morphol 9 : 269-284, 1961.
 
Hughes WF and McLoon SC : Ganglion-cell death during normal retinal development in the chick : Comparisons with cell death induced by early target field destruction. Exper Neurol 66 : 587-601, 1979.
 
Ide C : The development of melanosomes in the pigment epithelium of the chick embryo. Z Zellforsch 131 : 171-186, 1972.
PubMed
Isenberg I : Histones. Annu Rev Biochem 48 : 159-191, 1979.
PubMed
Ito S and Winchester RJ : The fine structure of the gastric mucosa in the bat. J Cell Biol 16 : 511-577, 1963.
 
Jacobson M : Developmental Neurobiology. Plenum, New York, 1978.
 
Jankowska E, Rastad J and Westman J : Intracellular application of horseradish peroxidase and its light and electron microscopical appearance in spinocervical tract cells. Brain Res 105 : 557-562, 1976.
PubMed
Janowsky JS and Finlay BL : Cell degeneration in early development of the forebrain and cerebellum. Anat Embryol 167 : 439-447, 1983.
PubMed
Jeffrey G and Perry VH : Evidence of ganglion cell death during development of the ipsilateral projection in the rat. Dev Brain Res 2 : 176-180, 1982.
 
Jerison HJ : Quantitative analysis of evolution of the brain in mammals. Science 133 : 1012-1014, 1961.
PubMed
Jerison HJ : Evolution of the Brain an Intelligence. Acad Press, New York, 1973.
 
Jones EG and Powell TPS : Electron microscopy of the somatic sensory cortex of the cat. I. Cell types and synaptic organization. Phil Trans Roy See London, Set B 257 : 1-11, 1970.
 
Kaiserman-Abramof IR and Palay SL : Fine structural studies of the cerebellar cortex in a mormyrid fish. In : Neurobiology of Cerebellar Evolution and Development. Ed by R Llinas. American Medical Association, Chicago, pp 171-205, 1969.
 
Karnovsky MJ : Use of ferrocyanide reduced osmium tetroxide in electron microscopy. Proc of the 11th Amer Sue for Cell Biol Meeting. The Society Chicago, pp 146, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1971.
 
Kater SB and Nicholson CA : Intracellular Staining in Neurobiology. Springer Verlag, Berlin-New York, 1973.
 
Kawana E, Sandri C and Akert K : Ultrastructure of growth cones in the cerebellar cortex of the neonatal rat and cat. Z Zellforsch 115 : 284-298, 1971.
PubMed
Kerr JFR, Wyllie AH and Currie AR : A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Brit J Cancer 26 : 239-257, 1972.
 
Kimble J and Hirsch D : The postembryonic cell lineages of the hermaphrodite and male gonads in Caenorkabditis elegans. Dev Biol 70 : 396-417, 1979.
 
Kimmel CB and Warga RW : Tissue-specific cell lineages originate in the gastrula of zebrafish. Science 231 : 365-368, 1986.
 
Kimmel CB and Warga RW : Cell lineages generating axial muscle in the zebrafish embryo. Nature 327 : 234-237, 1987.
 
Kimmel CB and Warga RW : Intermediate cell lineage of zebrafish embryo. Dev Biol 124 : 269-280, 1987.
 
Kitai ST, Kocsis JD, Preston RJ and Sugimori M : Monosynaptic input to caudate neurons identified by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Brain Res 109 : 601-606, 1976.
PubMed
Koelliker A : Die Untersuchungen von Golgi uber den feineren Bau des centralen Nervensystems. Anat Anz 2 : 480-483, 1887.
 
Koelliker A : Golgis Untersuchungen uber den feineren Bau des centralen Nervensystems. Wurzb Sitz-Ber. S56-62, 1887.
 
Kolatschev A : Recherches cytologiques sur les cellules nerveuses des Mollusques. Arch Russ d'Anat d'Histol et d'Embryol 1 : 383-423, 1916.
 
Kopsch F : Erfahrumgen uber die Verwendungen des Formaldehyds bei der Chromsilber-Impragnation. Anat Anz 11 : 727, 1896.
 
Kornberg RD and Klug A : The nucleosome. Sci Amer 244 : 52-64, 1981.
PubMed
Kreuzfuchs S : Die Grosse der Oberflache des Kleinhirns. Arb Neurol Inst Univ Wien 9 : 274-278, 1902.
 
Kristensson K and Olsson Y : Retrograde axonal transport of protein. Brain Res 29 : 363-365, 1971.
PubMed
Kristenssun K, Olsson Y and Sjostrand J : Axonal uptake and retrograde transport of exogenous proteins in the hypoglossal nerve. Brain Res 32 : 399-406, 1971.
 
Kristensson K and Sjostrand J : Retrograde transport of protein tracer in the rabbit hypoglossal nerve during regeneration. Brain Res 45 : 175-181, 1972.
PubMed
Kuno M, Turkanis SA and Weakly JN : Correlation between nerve terminal size and transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction of the frog. J Physiol (Lond) 213 : 545-556, 1971.
PubMed
Lacy D and Challice CE : Studies on the Golgi apparatus by electron microscopy with particular reference to Aoyama's technique. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2 : 395-402, 1956.
 
Lafarga M, Hervas JP, Santa-Cruz MC, Villegas J and Crespo D : The "Accessory body" of Cajal in the neuronal nucleus. Anat Embryol 166 : 19-30, 1983.
 
Lange W : Regional differences in the distribution of Golgi cells in the cerebellar cortex of man and some other mammals. Cell Tissue Res 153 : 219-226, 1974.
PubMed
Lange W : Cell number and cell density in the cerebellar cortex of man and some other mammals. Cell Tissue Res 157 : 115-124, 1975.
PubMed
Lapham LW : The tetraploid DNA content of normal human Purkinje cells and its development during the perinatal period. A quantitative cytochemical study. Proc V Internat Congr Nearopathol, Excerpta Med Internat Congr Ser 100 : 445-449, 1965.
 
Lapham LW : Tetraploid DNA content Purkinje neurons of human cerebellar cortex. Science 159 : 310-312, 1968.
PubMed
La Vail JH and La Vail MM : Retrograde axonal transport in the central nervous system. Science 176 : 1416-1417, 1972.
PubMed
Le Beux YJ : An ultrastructural study of the neurosecretory cells of the medial vascular prechiasmatic gland the preoptic recess and the anterior part of the suprachiasmatic area. 1. Cytoplasmic inclusions resembling nucleoli. Z Zellforsch 114 : 404-440, 1971.
 
Le Beux YJ : An ultrastructural study of a cytoplasmic filamentous body, terminated nematosome, in the neurons of the rat and cat substantia nigra. The association of nematosomes with the other cytoplasmic organelles in the neuron. Z Zellforsch 133 : 289-325, 1972.
 
Le Beux YJ : Subsurface cisterns and lamellar bodies : particular forms of the endoplasmic reticulum in the neurons. Z Zellforsch 133 : 327-352, 1972.
PubMed
Le Beux YJ : An ultrastructural study of the synaptic densities nematosmnes neurotubules neurofilaments and of a further three-dimensional filamentous network as disclosed by the E-PTA staining procedure. Z Zellforsch 143 : 239-272, 1973.
 
Le Beux YJ. Langelier P and Poirier LJ : Further ultrastructural data on the cytoplasmic nucleolus resembling bodies or nematosomes. Their ralationship with the subsynaptic web and a cytoplasmic filamentous network. Z Zellforsch 118 : 147-155, 1971.
PubMed
Levi G : Studi sulla grandezza delle cellule. Arch Ital Anat Embriol 5 : 291-358, 1905.
 
Levi R e Sacerdote E : Ricerche quantitative sul sistema nervoso di mus musculus. Variazioni nel numero dei neuroni sensitivi spinali in esemplari della stessa famiglia e della stessa specie. Monitore Zool Ital 45 : 162-172, 1934.
 
Levi-Montalcini R and Booker B : Destruction of the sympathetic ganglia in mammals by an antiserum to a nerve growth protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci 46 : 384-391, 1960.
PubMed
Levi-Montalcini R, Meyer H and Hamburger V : In vitro experiments on the effects of mouse sarcomas 180 and 37 on the spinal and sympathetic ganglia of the chick embryo. Cancer Res 14 : 49-57, 1954.
PubMed
Lichtman JW, Magrassi L and Purves D : Visualization of neuromuscular junctions over periods of several months in living mice. J Neurosci 7 : 1215-1222, 1987.
PubMed
Lindsay JD and Ellisman MH : The neuronal endomembrane system : I. Direct links between rough endoplasmic reticulum and the cis element of the Golgi apparatus. J Neurosci 5 : 3111-3123, 1985.
 
Lindsay JD and Ellisman MH : The neuronal endomembrane system : III. The origins of the axoplasmic reticulum and discrete axonal cisternae at the axon hillock. J Neurosci 5 : 3135-3144, 1985.
 
Litchy WJ : Uptake and retrograde transport of HRP in frog sartorius nerve in vitro. Brain Res 56 : 377-381, 1973.
 
Littlefield JW, Keller E, Gross J and Zamecnik PC : Studies on cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein particles from the liver of the rat. J Biol Chem 217 : 111-123, 1955.
 
Malchiodi F, Rambourg A, Clermont Y and Caroff A : Ultrastructural localization of concanavalin A-binding sites in the Golgi apparatus of various types of neurons in rat dorsal root ganglia : functional implications. Amer J Anat 177 : 81-95, 1986.
PubMed
Mann DMA and Yates PO : Polyploidy in the human nervous system. I. The DNA content of neurons and glia of the cerebellum. J Neurol Sci 18 : 183-196, 1973.
 
Mann DMA and Yates PO : Lipoprotein pigments-Their relationship to aging in the human nervous system. I. The lipofuscin content of nerve cells. Brain 97 : 481-488, 1974.
 
Mann DMA and Yates PO : Lipoprotein pigments-Their relationship to aging in the human nervous system. II. The melanin content of pigmented nerve cells. Brain 97 : 489-498, 1974.
 
萬年甫 : 細胞内脂質含有色素顆粒の分布より見たる被蓋網様核と橋核との関係に就いて. 東京医会誌 59 : 151-158, 1950.
 
萬年甫 : 脂質含有色素粒子の分布より見たる人脳の細胞構築に就いて. 解剖誌 30 : 151-174, 1955.
 
萬年甫 : 石井毅 : 脂質・リポフスチンおよび老人性細胞体内の顆粒. 脳と神経 20 : 666-674, 1968.
 
Manuelidis L : Active nucleolus organizers are precisely positioned in adult central nervous system cells but not in neuroectodermal tumor cells. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 43 : 225-241, 1984.
PubMed
Manuelidis L : Different central nervous system cell types display distinct and nonrandom arrangements of satellite DNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 : 3123-3127, 1984.
PubMed
Manuelidis L and Manuelidis EE : On the DNA content of cerebellar Purkinje cells in vivo and in vitro. Exper Neurol 43 : 192-206, 1974.
 
Mares V, Lodin Z and Sacha J : A cytochemical and autographic study of nuclear DNA in mouse Purkinje cells. Brain Res 53 : 273-289, 1973.
 
Maul GG : The nuclear and the cytoplasmic pore complex : Structure dynamics distribution and evolution. Int Rev Cytol 〔Suppl〕 6 : 75-186, 1977.
PubMed
McKay SE and Oppenheim RW : An apparent absence of cell death among spinal cord interneurons in the chick embryo. Abs Sue Neurosci 14 : 1116, 1988.
 
McLoon SC and Lund RD : Transient retinofugal pathways in the developing chick. Exper Brain Res 45 : 277-284, 1982.
 
Meynert Th : Der Ban des Grosshirnrinde and seine ortlichen Verschiedenheiten, nebst einem pathologisch-anatomischen Corollarium. Viertiel Jahrsch fur Psychiatric. I : 77-93, 125-217, 381-403 und II : 88-113, 1867.
 
Michaelis L : Die vitae Farbung eine Darstellungsmethode der Zellgranula. Arch mikr Anal 55 : 558-575, 1900.
 
Mizukawa K, Matsuura T, Nojyo Y, Ibata Y and Sano Y : Retrograde transport and interneuronal fate of exogenous horseradish peroxidase in the nervous system- nigroneostriatal system and sciatic nerve of adult rats-light and electron microscopic investigation. Acta histochem cytochem 11 : 160-170, 1978.
 
Mlonyeni M : The number of Purkinje cells and inferior olivary neurones in the cat. J Comp Neurol 147 : 1-10, 1973.
 
Mollenhauer HH and Whaley WG : An observation of the functioning of the Golgi apparatus. J Cell Biol 17 : 222-226, 1963.
PubMed
Moore KL and Barr ML : Morphology of the nerve cell nucleus in mammals with special reference to the sex chromatin. J Comp Neurol 165 : 125-136, 1953.
 
Morales R. Duncan D and Rehmet R : A distictive laminated cytoplasmic body in the lateral geniculate body neurons of the cat. J Ultrastruct Res 10 : 116-123, 1964.
 
Morgan DL and Proske V : Vertebrate slow muscle : Its structure pattern of innervation and mechanical properties. Physiol Rev 64 : 103-169, 1984.
 
Moses HL, Ganote CE, Beaver DL and Schuffman SS : Light and electron microscopic studies of pigment in human and rhesus monkey substantia nigra and locus coeruleus. Anat Rec 155 : 167-183, 1966.
PubMed
Muller H-A : Cytophotometrische DNA-Messungen an Ganglienzellkernen du Nucleus dentatus beim Menschen. Naturwiss 49 : 243, 1962.
 
Nakamura H and O'Leary DDM : Inaccuracies in initial growth and arborization of chick retinotectal axons followed by course corrections and axon remodeling to develop topographic order. J Neurosci 9 : 3776-3795, 1989.
 
Nanda BS and Getty K : Occurrence of aging pigment (lipofuscin) in the nuclei and cortices of the canine brain. Exper Gerontol 8 : 1-17, 1973.
 
Nandy K : Properties of neuronal lipofuscin pigment in mice. Acta Neuropathol 19 : 25-32, 1971.
 
Nassonov D : Das Golgische Binnennetz and seine Beziehungen zu der Sekretion. Arch Mick Anat Mikr-mech 97 : 136-186, 1923.
 
Nassonov D : Das Golgische Binnennetz und seine Beziehungen zu der Sekretion (Fortsetzung) Morphologische und experimentelle Untersuchungen an einigen Saugetierdrusen. Arch Mikr Anat u Entw-mech 100 : 433-472, 1924.
 
Newmeyer DD and Forbes DJ : Nuclear import can be separated into distinct steps in vitro : Nuclear pore binding and translocation. Cell 52 : 641-653, 1988.
PubMed
Newport JW and Forbes DJ : The nucleus : Structure function and dynamics. Ann Rev Biochem 56 : 535-565, 1987.
PubMed
Nissl F : Uber die Veranderungen der Ganglienzellen am Facialiskern des Kaninchens nach Ausreissung der Nerven. Allg Z Psychiat u Psychisch-Ger Med 48 : 197-198, 1892.
 
Nissl F : Uber Rosin's neue Farbemethode des gesammten Nervensystems und dessen Bemerkungen uber Ganglienzellen. Neurol Centralbl 13 : 98-106 und 141-144, 1894.
 
Nissl F : Uber die sogenannten Granula der Nervenzellen. Neurol Centralbl 13 : 676-685 und 781-789, 1894.
 
Nissl F : Uber einige Beziehungen zwischen Nervenzellenerkrankungen and gliosen Erscheinungen bei verschiedenen Psychosen. Arch Psychiat u Nervenkh 32 : 656-676, 1899.
 
Novikoff AB : GERL its torm and function in neurons of rat spinal ganglia. Biol Bull (Woods Hole) 127 : 358, 1964.
 
Novikoff AB : Enzyme localization and ultrastructure of neurons. In : The Neuron. Ed by H Hyden. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 255-318, 1967.
 
Novikoff AB : Lysosomes in nerve cells. In : The Neuron. Ed by H Hyden. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 319-377, 1967.
 
Novikoff AB : The endoplasmic reticulum : A cytochemist's view (a review). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73 : 2781-2787, 1976.
PubMed
Novikoff AB and Goldfischer S : Nucleoside-diphoophatase activity in the Golgi apparatus and its usefulness for cytological studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 47 : 802-810, 1961.
PubMed
Nudell BM and Grinnell AD : Regulation of synaptic position, size and strength in anuran skeletal muscle. J Neurosci 3 : 161-176, 1983.
PubMed
Nystrom B : Histochemical studies of endplate bound esterase in "slow-red" and "fast white" cat muscles during postnatal development. Acta Neurol Scand 44 : 295-318, 1968.
 
Nystrom B : Postnatal development of motor nerve terminals in "slow-red" and "fast-white" cat muscles. Acta Neurol Scand 44 : 363-383, 1968.
 
Obersteiner H : Uber das hellgelbe Pigment in den Nervenzellen und das Vorkommen weiterer fettahnlichen Korper im Zentralnerven system. Arb Neurol Inst Wien 10 : 245-274, 1903.
 
Okabe S and Hirokawa N : Turnover of fluorescently labelled tubulin and actin in the axon. Nature 343, 479-482, 1990.
PubMed
Okado N, Homma S, Ishihara R and Kohno K : Distribution patterns of dendrites in motor neuron pools of lumbosacral spinal cord of the chicken. Anat Embryol 182 : 113-121, 1990.
PubMed
O'Leary DDM and Cowan WM : Further sudies on the development of the isthmooptic nucleus with special reference to the occurrence and fate of ectopic and ipsilaterally projecting neurons. J Comp Neurol 212 : 399-416, 1982.
 
Oppenheim RW and Chu-Wang I-W : Spontaneous cell death of spinal motoneurons following peripheral innervation in the chick embryo. Brain Res 125 : 154-160, 1977.
 
Oppenheim RW, Chu-Wang I-W and Maderdrut JL : Cell death of motoneurons in the chick embryo spinal cord. III. The differentiation of motoneurons prior to their induced degeneration following limbbud removal. J Comp Neurol 177 : 87-112, 1978.
PubMed
Oppenheim RW, Maderdrut JL and Wells DJ : Cell death of motoneurons in the chick embryo spinal cord. VI. Reduction of naturally occurring cell death in the thoracolumbar column of Terni by nerve growth factor. J Comp Neurol 210 : 174-189, 1982.
 
Pakkenberg J : The number of nerve cells in the cerebellar cortex of man. J Comp Neurol 128 : 17-20, 1966.
 
Palade GE : An electron microscopic study of mitochondrial structure. J Histochem Cytochem 1 : 188-211, 1953.
PubMed
Palade GE : A small particulate component of the cytoplasm. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1 : 59-68, 1955.
PubMed
Palay SL : The morphology of secretion. In : Frontiers of Cytology. Ed Palay SL. Yale Univ Press, New Haven, 1958.
 
Palay SL : The fine structure of secretary neurons in the preoptic nucleus of the goldfish (Carassius auratus), Anat Rec 138 : 417-443, 1960.
 
Palay SL : Structural peculiarities of the neurosecretory cells in the preoptic nucleus of the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Anat Rec 139 : 262, 1961.
 
Palay SL : Multivesicular bodies in Purkinje cells of the rat's cerebellum. J Cell Biol 19 : 54A-55A, 1963.
 
Palay SL, Billings-Gagliardi SM and Chan-Palay V : Neuronal perikarya with dispersed, single ribosomes in the visual cortex of Macaca mulatta. J Cell Biol 63 : 1074-1089, 1974.
 
Palay SL and Chan-Palay V : Cerebellar Cortex, Cytology and Organization. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1974.
 
Palay SL and Palade GE : The fine structure of neurons. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1 : 69-88, 1955.
PubMed
Palkovits M, Magyer P and Szentagothai J : Quantitative histological analysis of the cerebellar cortex in the cat. I. Number and arrangement in space of the Purkinje cells. Brain Res 32 : 1-13, 1971.
 
Palkovits M, Magyar P and Szentagothai J : Quantitative histological analysis of the cerebellar cortex in the cat. II. Cell numbers and densities in the granular layer. Brain Res 32 : 15-30, 1971.
PubMed
Palkovits M, Magyar P and Szentagothai J : Quantitative histological analysis of the cerebellar cortex in the cat. III. Structural organization of the molecular layer. Brain Res 34 : 1-18, 1971.
 
Pappas GD and Purpura DP : Fine structure of dendrites in the superficial neocortical neuropil. Exper Neurol 4 : 507-530, 1961.
 
Pappenheim A : Zur Kenntnis and Wurdigung der Methylgrun-Pyronin-Reaktion. Folia Haematol 6 : 51-65, 1908.
 
Pilar G, Landmesser L and Burstein L : Competition for survival among developing ciliary ganglion cells. J Neurophysiol 43 : 233-254, 1980.
 
Pollard TD and Cooper JA : Actin and actinbinding proteins. A critical evaluation of mechanisms and functions. Ann Rev Biochem 55 : 987-1035, 1986.
PubMed
Purta G and Searle AG : Biochemical sites of gene action for melanogenesis in mammals. Ann Genet Sel Anim 10 : 1-8, 1978.
 
Porta G and Thomson RH : Melanin pigmentation in mammals. Endeavour 35 : 32-38, 1976.
 
Porter KR. Claude A and Fullam EF : A study of tissue culture cells by electron microscopy. Methods and preliminary observations. J Exper Med 81 : 233-241, 1945.
 
Prestige MC : The control of cell number in the lumbar ventral horns during the development of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. J Embryol Expa Morphol 18 : 359-387, 1967.
 
Purves D : Body and Brain. A Trophic Theory of Neural Connections. Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA, 1988.
 
Purves D and Lichtman JW : Geometrical differences among homologous neurons in mammals. Science 228 : 298-302, 1985.
PubMed
Purves D, Rubin E, Snider WD and Lichtman JW : The relation of animal size to convergence divergence and neuronal number in peripheral sympathetic pathways. J Neurosci 6 : 153-163, 1986.
 
Rager G and Rager U : Generation and degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in the chicken. Exper Brain Res 25 : 551-553, 1976.
 
Rambourg A and Clermont Y : Presence of an osmiophilic feltwork distinct from the Golgi apparatus in spinal ganglion cells of the rat. J Neurocytol 13 : 911-921, 1984.
 
Rambourg A and Clermont Y : Tridimensional structure of the Golgi apparatus in type A ganglion cells of the rat. Amer J Anat 176 : 393-409, 1986.
PubMed
Rambourg A, Clermont Y and Beaudet A : Ultrastructural features of six types of neurons in rat dorsal root ganglia. J Neurocytol 12 : 47-66, 1983.
PubMed
Rambourg A, Clearmont Y and Hermo L : Three-dimensional structure of the Golgi apparatus. Methods Cell Biol 23 : 155-166, 1981.
 
Rambourg A, Clermont Y and Marraud A : 3 Dimensional structure of osmium impregnated Golgi apparatus as seen in high voltage electron microscope. Amer J Anat 140 : 27-45, 1974.
 
Remak R : Neurologische Erlauterungen. Arch Anat Physiol (Leipzig) 463, 1844.
 
Riese W : The cerebral cortex in the very old human brain. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 5 : 160-164, 1946.
 
Robertson JD : The ultrastructure of cell membranes and their derivatives. In : Biochemical Society Symposia. Vol 16. The Structure and Function of Subeellular Components. Ed by EM Crook. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp 3-43, 1959.
 
Rockel AJ, Hiorns RW and Powell TRS : The basic uniformity in structure of the neocortex. Brain 103 : 221-244, 1980-
 
Rodgers AD and Curzon G : Melanin formation by human brain in vitro. J Neurochem 24 : 1123-1129, 1975.
PubMed
Rosenbluth J : Subsurface cisterns and their relationship to the neuronal plasma membrane. J Cell Biol 13 : 405-421, 1962.
 
Rosenbluth J and Wissig SL : The distribution of exogenous ferritin in toad spinal ganglia and the mechanism of its uptake by neurons. J Cell Biol 23 : 307-325. 1964.
PubMed
Rothman JE : Protein sorting by selective retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi stack. Cell 50 : 521-522, 1987.
PubMed
Sano Y and Knoop A : Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am kaudalen neurosekretorischen System von Tinca vulgaris. Z Zellforsch 49 : 464-492, 1959.
 
Santolaya RC : Nucleolus-like bodies in the neuronal cytoplasm of the mouse arcuate nucleus. Z Zellforsch 146 : 319-328, 1973.
PubMed
Schmied R and Holtzman E : A phosphatase activity and synaptic vesicle antigen in multivesicular bodies of frog retinal photoreceptor terminals. J Neurocytol 16 : 627-637, 1987.
PubMed
Schultze M : Allgemeines uber die Strukturelelemente des Nervensystems. In : Strickers Handbuch der Lehre von den Geweben des Menschen und Tiere. Bd. 1, Engelmann, Leipzig, 1871.
 
Schultze O : Neues zur mikroskopischen Untersuchung des Zentralnervensystems. Sitz-Ber Physik Med Ges Wurzbung 1-5, 1918.
 
Seiji M : Subcellular particles and melanin formation in melanocytes. In : Advances in Biology of Skin. Ed by W Montagna and F Hu. Vol 8 Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 189, 1967.
 
Seiji M, Fitzpatrik TB and Birbeck MSC : The melanosome : A distinctive subcellular particle of mammalian melanocytes and the site of melanogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 36 : 243-252, 1961.
 
Seiji M, Fitzpatrik TB, Simpson RT and Birbeck MSC : Chemical composition and terminology of specialized organelles (melanosomes and melanin granules) in mammalian melanocytes. Nature 197 : 1082-1084, 1963.
 
Seiji M, Scimao K, Birbeck MSC and Fitzpatrik TB : Subcellular localization of melanin biosynthesis. Am New York Acad Sci 100 : 497-533, 1963.
 
Sekhon SS and Maxwell DS : Ultrastructural changes in neurons of the spinal anterior horn of aging mice with particular reference to the accumulation of lipofuscin pigment. J Neurocytol 3 : 59-72, 1974.
 
Seki M : Zur Theorie der histologischen Silberschwarzung. I. Gliazellendarstellung. Z Zellforsch 30 : 529-547, 1940.
 
Seki M : Zur Theorie der histologischen Silberschwarzung. II. Neurofibrillendarstellung. Z Zellforsch 30 : 548-566, 1940.
 
Shorey ML : The effect of the destruction of peripheral areas on the differentiation of the neuroblasts. J Exper Zool 7 : 25-63, 1909.
 
Siegelbaum SA and Koester J : Ion channels. In : Principles of Neural Science. Ed by ER Kandel, JH Schwartz and TM Jessell. Prentice-Hall International Inc. Tokyo, 3rd Ed, pp 66-79, 1991.
 
Singer SJ and Nicolson GL : The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 175 : 720-731, 1972.
PubMed
Sjostrand F : Electron microscopy of mitochondria and cytoplasmic double membranes. Nature 171 30-32, 1953.
PubMed
Sjostrand FS and Hanzon V : Ultrastructure of Golgi apparatus of exocrine cells of mouse pancreas. Exper Cell Res 7 : 415-429, 1954.
 
Sloper JJ : An electron microscope study of the neurons of the primate motor and somatic sensory cortices. J Neurocytol 2 : 351-359, 1973.
PubMed
Sloper JJ, Hiorns RW and Powell TPS : A qualitative and quantitative electron microscopic study of the neurons in the primate motor and somatic sensory cortices. Phil Trans Roy Soc Land Ser B 285 : 141-171, 1978.
 
Smith CE : Ultrastructural localization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase to the intermediate saccules of the Golgi apparatus in rat incisor ameloblasts. J Histochem Cytochem 28 : 16-26, 1980.
 
Smoljaninov VW : Some special features of organization of the cerebellar cortex. In : Models of the Structural-Functional Organization of Certain Biological Systems. Ed by IM Gelfand. VS Garfinkel, SV Fomia and ML Tsetlin. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass, pp 250-423, 1971.
 
Snider WD : The dendritic complexity and innervation of submandibular neurons in five species of mammals. J Neurosci 7 : 1760-1768, 1987.
PubMed
Snow CM, Senior A and Gerace L : Monoclonal antibodies identify a group of nuclear pore glycoproteins. J Cell Biol 104 : 1143-1156, 1987.
PubMed
Snow PJ, Rose PK and Brown AG : Tracing axons and axon collaterals of spinal neurons using intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Science 191 : 312-313, 1976.
 
Sohal GS : An experimental study of cell death in the developing trochlear nucleus. Exper Neurol 51 : 684-698, 1976
 
Sohal GS : Development of the oculomotor nucleus with reference to the time of cell origin and cell death. Brain Res 138 : 217-228, 1977.
 
Sohal GS and Holt RK : Cell death during normal development of the abducens nucleus. Exper Neural 54 : 533-545, 1977.
 
Sotelo C and Palay SL : The fine structure of the lateral vestibular nucleus in the rat. 1. Neurons and neuroglial cells. J Cell Biol 36 : 151-179, 1968.
 
Spacek J : Dynamics of the Golgi method : A time-apse study of the early stages of impregnation in single section. J Neurocytol 18 : 27-38, 1989.
 
Steinbach JH : Developmental changes in acetylcholine receptor aggregates at rat skeletal neuromuscular junctions. Dev Biol 84 : 267-276, 1981.
PubMed
Steinert PM and Roop DR : Molecular and cellular biology of intermediate filaments. Ann Rev Biochem 57 : 593-625, 1988.
PubMed
Stell WK : Correlation of retinal cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure in Golgi preparations. Anat Res 153 : 389-397, 1965.
 
Sternberg PW and Horvitz HR : Pattern formation during vulval development in C elegans. Cell 74 : 761-772, 1986.
 
Stewart M and Whytock S : The structure and interactions of components of nuclear envelopes fron Xenopus oocyte germinal vesicles observed by heavy metal shadowing. J Cell Sci 90 : 409-423, 1988.
 
Stewart WW : Functional connections between cells as revealed by dye-coupling with a highly fluorescent naphthalimide tracer. Cell 14 : 741-759, 1978.
PubMed
Stretton AOW and Kravitz EA : Neuronal geometry : Determination with a technique of intracellular dye injection. Science 162 : 132-134, 1968.
 
Stretton AOW and Kravitz EA : Intracellular dye injection : The selection of procion yellow and its application in preliminary studies of neuronal geometry in the lobster nervous system. In : Intracellular Staining in Neurobiology. Ed by Kater SB and Nicholson CA. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-New York, pp. 21-40, 1973.
 
Sulston JE and Horvitz HR : Post-embryonic cell lineages of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Biol 56 : 110-156, 1977.
PubMed
Sulston JE, Schierenberg E, White JG and Thomson JN : The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabdis elegans. Dev Biol 100 : 64-119, 1983.
 
Sulston JE and White JG : Regulation and cell autonomy during postembryonic development of Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Biol 78 : 577-597, 1980.
PubMed
Swartz FJ and Bhatnager KP : Are CNS neurons polyploid? A critical analysis based upon cytophotometric study of the DNA content of cerebellar and olfactory bulbar neurons of the bat. Brain Res 208 : 267-281, 1981.
 
Szentagolhai J : Architecture of the cerebral cortex. In : Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. Ed by HH Jasper, AA Ward and A Pope. Churchill, London, pp 13-28, 1969.
 
Takahashi K and Hama K : Some observations on the fine structure of nerve cell bodies and their satellite cells in the ciliary ganglion of the chick. Z Zellforsch 67 : 835-843, 1965.
PubMed
Tamiya M : Histological studies on the hypothalamic neurosecretory nucleus. VI. Cytological findings on the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells of dog. Arch histol jap 13 : 331-344, 1957.
 
Tartakoff AM : The confined function model of the Golgi-complex : center for ordered processing of biosynthetic products of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Int Rev Cytol 85 : 221-252, 1983.
PubMed
Tavares MA and Paula- Barbosa MM : Lipofuscin granules in Purkinje cells after long-term alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exper Res 7 : 302-306, 1983.
 
Teichberg 5, Holtzman E, Crain SM and Peterson ER : Circulation and turnover of synaptic vesicle membrane in cultured spinal cord neurons. J Cell Biol 67 : 215-230, 1975.
 
Teissier G : Biometrie de la cellule. Tabulae Biologicae 19 (pt. 1) : 1-64, 1939.
 
Tennyson VM : The fine structure of the axon and growth cone of the dorsal root neuroblast of the rabbit embryo. J Cell Biol 44 : 62-79, 1970.
PubMed
Thiery C and Rambourg A : A new staining technique for studing thick sections in the electron microscope. J Micr Biol Cellulaire 26 : 103-106, 1976.
 
Thompson DW : On Growth and Form. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, 1917.
 
Thompson HB : The total number of functional cells in the crebral cortex of man. J Comp Neurol 9 : 113-140, 1899.
 
Trojanowski JQ, Gonatas JO and Gonatas NK : Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates of cholera toxin and lectins are more sensitive retrogradely transported markers than free HRP. Brain Res 231 : 33-50, 1982.
PubMed
Truman JW and Reiss SE : Dendritic reorganization of an identified motoneuron during metamorphosis of the tobacco hornworm moth. Science 192 : 477-479, 1976.
PubMed
Tsukita S and Ishikawa H : The movement of membranous organelles in axons. Electron microscopic identification of anterogradedly and retrogradedly transported organelles. J Cell Biol 84 : 513-530, 1980.
 
Unwin PNT and Milligan RA : A large particle associated with the perimeter of the nuclear pore complex. J Cell Biol 93 : 63-75, 1982.
 
Van Woert MH and Ambani LM : Biochemistry of neuromelanin. Advances in Neurology. Vol 5, Raven Press, New York, pp 215-223, 1974.
 
Voyvodic JT : Development and regulation of dendrites in the rat superior cervical ganglion. J Neurosci 7 : 904-912, 1987.
PubMed
Wagner H : Maβbestimung der Hirnoberflache. Gottingen, 1864.
 
Wan XST, Trojanowski JQ, Gonatas JO and Liu CN : Cytoarchitecture of the extranuclear and commissural dendrites of hypoglossal nucleus neurons as revealed by conjugates of horseradish peroxidase with cholera toxin. Exper Neurol 78 : 167-175, 1982.
 
White JG, Southgate E, Thomson JN and Brenner S : The structure of the ventral nerve cord of Caenorhabditis elegans. Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond, Set B 275 : 327-348, 1976.
 
Whitington PM, Bate M, Seifert E, Ridge K and Goodman CS : Survival and differentiation of identified embryonic neurons in the absence of their target muscles. Science 215 : 973-975, 1982.
PubMed
Wilcox HH : Structural changes in the nervous system related to the process of aging. Present status of knowledge. In : The Process of Aging in the Nervous System. Ed by JE Birren, II Imus and W Windle. CC Thomas, Springfield, III. pp 16-23, 1959.
 
Wilder BG : Exhibition of, and preliminary note upon, a brain of about one-half the average size from a white man of ordinary weight and intelligence. J Nerv Ment Dis 30 : 95-97, 1911.
 
Williams RW and Herrup K : The control of neuron number. Ann Rev Neurosci 11 : 423-453, 1988.
PubMed
Winfield DA, Gatter KC and Powell TPS : An electron microscopic study of the types and proportions of neurons in the cortex of the motor and visual areas of the cat and rat. Brain 103 : 245-258, 1980.
 
Winklbauer R and Hausen P : Development of the lateral line system in Xenopus laevis. III. Development of the supraorbital system in triploid embryos and larvae. J Embryol Exper Morphol 88 : 183-192, 1985.
 
Winklbauer R and Hausen P : Development of the lateral line system in Xeropus laevis. IV. Pattern formation in the supraorbital system. J Embryol Exper Morphol 88 : 193-207, 1985.
 
Wood JG, McLaughlin BJ and Barber RP : The visualization of concanavalin A binding sites in Purkinje cell somata and dendrites of rat cerebellum. J Cell Biol 63 : 541-549, 1974.
PubMed
Wright LL : Time of cell origin and cell death in the avian dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. J Comp Neurol 199 : 125-132, 1981.
PubMed
Wuerker RB : Neurofilaments and glial filaments. Tissue Cell 2 : 1-10, 1970.
PubMed
Wuerker RB and Kirkpatrick JB : Neuronal microtubules neurofilaments and microfilaments. Int Rev Cytol 33 : 45-75, 1972.
PubMed
Wuerker RB and Palay SL : Neurofilaments and microtubules in anterior horn cells of the rat. Tissue Cell 1 : 387-402, 1969.
PubMed
Yamada E : The fine structure of the gall bladder epithelium of the mouse. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1 : 445-458, 1955.
PubMed
Yamada KM, Spooner BS and Wessells NK : Ultrastructure and function of growth cones and axons in cultured nerve cells. J Cell Biol 49 : 614-635, 1971.
PubMed
Zagon IS, McLaughlin PJ and Smith S : Neural populations in the human cerebellum : Estimations from isolated cell nuclei. Brain Res 127 : 279-282, 1977.
PubMed
Zeiger K : Physiko-chemische Grundlagen der Histologischen Methodik. Dresden-Leipzig, 1938.
 
Ziehen Th : Centralnervensystem In : Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. Herausg HV Eggeling, Bd IV, I Abt, G Fisher, Jena, 1903.
 

III 樹状突起と軸索

P.219 掲載の参考文献
Abrahams PH, Day A and Allt G : Schwann cell plasma membrane changes induced by nerve crush. A freeze-fracture study. Acta Neuropathol 50 : 85-90, 1980.
PubMed
Adamo NJ and Daigneault EA : Ultrastructural features of neurons and nerve fibers in the spiral ganglia of cats. J Neurocytol 2 : 91-103, 1973.
 
Aguayo AJ and Bray GM : Pathology and pathophysiology of unmyelinated nerve fibers. In : Peripheral Neuropathy. Vol. 1 Ed by PJ Dyck, PK Thomas and HL Lambert. WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia, pp. 363-390, 1975.
 
Aguayo AJ, Bray GM, Terry LC and Sweezey E : Three dimensional analysis of unmyelinated fibers in normal and pathologic autonomic nerves. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 35 : 136-151, 1976.
 
Alonso G and Assenmacher I : The smooth endoplasmic reticulum in neurohypophyseal axons of the rat. Possible involvement in transport, stor age and release of neurosecretory material. Cell Tissue Res 199 : 415-429, 1979.
 
Alpers BJ and Haymaker W : The participation of the neuroglia in the formation of myelin in prenatal infantile brain. Brain 57 : 195-205, 1934.
 
Andres KH : Uber die Feinstruktur besonderer Einrichtungen in markhaltigen Nervenfasern des Kleinhirns der Ratte. Z Zellforsch 65 : 701-712, 1965.
PubMed
Andres KH : Der Feinbau der Regio olfactoria von Makrosmatikern. Z Zellforsch 69 : 140-154, 1966.
PubMed
Andres KH : Uber die Feinstruktur der Arachnoidea and Dura mater von Mammalia. Z Zellforsch 79 : 272-295, 1967.
PubMed
Araki T and Otani T : Response of single motoneurons to direct stimulation in toad's spinal cord. 3 Neurophysiol 18 : 472-485, 1955.
 
Arnold G and Holtzman E : Peroxisomes in rat sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. Brain Kes 83 : 509-515, 1975.
 
Arquint M, Roder J, Chia L-S, Down J, Wilkinson D, Bayley H, Braun P and Dunn R : Molecular cloning and primary structure of myelin-associated glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 : 1-5, 1986.
 
Arvidsson B : Cellular uptake of exogenous H RP in mouse peripheral nerve. Acta Neuropathol 37 : 35-41, 1977.
 
Arvidsson B : Evidence for vesicular transport of horseradish peroxidase across endoneural vessels of the sciatic nerve in normal mice. Acta Neuropathol 64 : 1-5, 1984.
 
Arvidsson B, Kristensson K and Olsson Y : Vascular permeability to fluorescent protein tracer in trigeminal nerve and Gasserian ganglion. Acta Neuropathol 26 : 199-205, 1973.
PubMed
Asbury AK : Recant bodies. A forgotten endoneural structure. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 32 : 334-343, 1973.
 
Asbury AK and Johnston PC : Pathology of Peripheral Nerve, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1978.
 
Bain JR, Mackinnon SE, Hudson AR, Falk RE, Falk JA and Hunter DA : The peripheral nerve allograft : a dose-response curve in the rat immunosuppressed with Cyclosporin A. Plast Reconstr Surg 82 : 447-457, 1988.
PubMed
Bain JR, Mackinnon SE, Hudson AR, Falk RE, Falk JA, Hunter DA and Makino A : Preliminary report of peripheral nerve allografing in primates immunosuppressed with Cyclosporin A. Transplant Proc 21 : 3176-3177, 1989.
PubMed
Bain JR, Mackinnon SE, Hudson AR, Falk RE and Hunter DA : The nerve allograft response in the rat immunosuppressed with Cyclosporin A. Plast Reconstr Surg 82 : 1052-1066, 1988.
 
Babizs R, Brooksbank BWL, Davison AN, Eayrs JT and Wilson DA : The effect of neonatal thyroidectomy on myelination in the rat brain. Brain Res 15 : 219 232, 1969.
 
Barber PC and Lindsay RM : Schwann cells of the olfactory nerves contain glial fibrillary acidic protein and resemble astrocytes. Neuroscience 7 : 3077-3090, 1982.
PubMed
Bargmann W and Lindner E : Uber den Feinhau des Nebennierenmarkes des Igels (Erinaceus europaeus L). Z Zellforsch 64 : 868-912, 1964.
 
Bartlett WP, Knapp PE and Skoff RP : Glial conditioned medium enables jimpy oligodendrocytes to express properties of normal oligodendrocytes : Production of myelin antigens and membranes. Glia 1 : 253-259, 1988.
PubMed
Bartlett WP and Skoff RP : Expression of the jimpy gene in the spinal cords of heterozygous female mice. 11. Oligodendroglial and endothelial cell hyperplasia. Dev Brain Res 47 : 1-11, 1989.
 
Bass NH, Netsky MG and Young E : Effect of neonatal malnutrition on developing cerebrum. I. Microchemical and histologic study of cellular differentiation in the rat. Arch Neurol 23 : 289-302, 1970.
 
Bass NH, Netsky MG and Young E : Effect of neonatal malnutrition on developing cerebrum : II. Microchemical and histologic study of myelin formation in the rat. Arch Neurol 23 303-313, 1970.
 
Beal JA and Cooper MH : Myelinated nerve cell bodies in the dorsal horn of the monkey (Saiariri sciureus). Anat Rec 147 : 33-48, 1976.
 
Beale LS : On the distribution of nerves to the elementary fibres of striped muscle. Phil Trans Roy Soc, London, 611-618, 1860.
 
Bedford EA : The early history of the olfactory nerve in swine. J Comp Neurol 14 : 390-410, 1904.
 
Bedi KS : Effects of undernutrition on brain morphology : a critical review of methods and results. In : Current Topics in Research on Synapses. Vol 2 Ed by DG Jones. Alan R Liss Inc, New York, pp. 93-163, 1984.
 
Behse F, Buchtal F, Carlsen F and Knappeis GG : Unmyelinated fibres and Schwann cells of sural nerve in neuropathy. Brain 98 : 493-510, 1975.
 
Benjamin JA, Morell P, Hartman BK and Agrawal HC : CNS myelin. In : Handbook of Neurochemistry, Vol 7. Ed by A Lajtha. Plenum, New York, 2nd ed. pp. 361-415, 1984.
 
Benjamins JA and Smith ME : Metabolism of myelin. In : Myelin. Ed by P Morell. Plenum, New York, pp. 117-141, 1984.
 
Berard DR, Burgess JW and Coss RG : Plasticity of dendritic spine formation : A state-dependent stochastic process. Int J Neurosci 13 : 93-98, 1981.
PubMed
Berkley JH : The psychical nerve cell in health and disease. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 7 : 162-164, 1896.
 
Berkley JH : Studies on the lesion produced by the action of certain poisons on the cortical nerve cell. Johns Hopkins Hosp Reports 6 : 1-93, 1897.
 
Bernstein JJ : Relationship of cortico-spinal tract growth to age and body weight in the rat. J Comp Neurol 127 : 207-218, 1966.
 
Berry M and Bradley P : The application of net work analysis to the study of branching patterns of large dendritic fields. Brain Res 109 : 111-132, 1976.
 
Berry M, Hollingworth T, Anderson EM and Flinn RM : Application of network analysis to the study of the branching patterns of dendritic fields. In : Physiology and Pathology of Dendrites. Ed by GW Kreutzberg. pp. 217-245, Raven Press, New York, 1975.
 
Berthold C-H : Ultrastructure of the node-paranode region of mature feline ventral lumbar spinal root fibers. Acta Sac Med Upsal 73 : 37-73, 1968.
 
Berthold C-H : A comparative morphological study of the developing node -paranode region in lunr bar spinal roots. I. Electron microscopy. Neurobiol 4 : 82-104, 1974.
 
Berthold C-H : Morphology of normal peripheral axons. In Physiology and Pathology of Axons. Ed by SG Waxman. Raven Press, New York, pp. 3-63. 1978.
 
Berthold C-H : Some aspects of the ultrastructural organization of peripheral myelinated axons in the cat. In Axoplasmic Transport. Ed by DG Weiss. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 40-54. 1982.
 
Berthold C-H and Carlstedt T : Myelination of S1 dorsal root axons in cat. J Comp Neurol 209 : 225-232. 1982.
 
Berthold C-H and Skoglund S : Histochemical and ultrastructural demonstration of mitochondria in the paranodal region of developing feline spinal roots and nerves. Acta See Med Upsaliensis 72, 37-70, 1967.
 
Bidder FH : Zur Lehre von dem Verhaltnis der Ganglienkorper zu den Nervenfasern. Neue Beitrage von Dr. FR Bidder-Dorpat, nebst einem Anhang von Dr. Volkmann-Halle. Breitkopf u Hartel, Leipzig, 72S, 1847.
 
Bidder FH and Kupffer C : Untersuchungen uber die Textur des Ruckenmarks and die Entwicklung seiner Formelemente. Breitkopf and Hartel, Leipzig, 1857.
 
Bidder FH and Volkmann AW : Die Selbstandigkeit des sympathischen Nervensystems durch anatomische Untersuchungen nachgewiesen. Breitkopf and Haertel, Leipzig, 1842.
 
Bielschowsky M : Nervengewebe. In : Mollendorffs Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomic des Menschen. Ed 4, Teil 1, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, S 1-142, 1928.
 
Billings-Gagliardi S : Mode of locomotion of Schwann cells migrating in vivo. Amer J Anat 150 : 73-88, 1977.
PubMed
Billings-Gagliardi S, Webster H deF and O'Connell MF : In vivo and electron microscopic observations on Schwann cells in developing tadpole nerve fibers. Amer J Anat 141 : 375-392, 1974.
 
Bischoff A and Moor H : Ultrastructural differences between myelin sheaths of peripheral nerve fibers and CNS white matter. Z Zellforsch 81 : 303-310, 1967.
PubMed
Bischoff A and Moor H : The ultrastructure of the "difference factor" in the myelin. Z Zellforsch 81 : 571-580, 1967.
PubMed
Bischoff A and Thomas PK : Microscopic anatomy of myelinated nerve fibers. In : Peripheral Neuropathy. Ed by Dyck PJ, Thomas PK and Lambert EH. Vol 1 WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 104-130, 1975.
 
Bishop TW, Heinbecker P and O'Leary JL : The function of non-myelinated fibers of the dorsal roots. Amer J Physiol 106 : 647-669, 1933.
 
Black JA, Foster RE and Waxman SG : Rat optic nerve : freeze-fracture studies during development of myelinated axons. Brain Res 250 : 1-20, 1982.
PubMed
Black JA, Waxman SG and Hildebrand C : Aro-glial relations in the retina-optic nerve junction of the adult rat : freeze-fracture observations on axon membrane structure. J Neurocytol 14 : 887-907, 1985.
 
Blackstad TW : Cortical grey matter. A correlation of light and electron microscopic data. In : The Neuron. Ed by H Hyden. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 49-118, 1967.
 
Blakeniore WF : Schmidt- Lantermann incisures in the central nervous system. J Ultrastruct Res 29 : 496-498, 1969.
 
Blakemore WF : Observations on myelination and remyelination in the central nervous system. In : Development in the Nervous System. Ed by DR Garrod and JD Feldman. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 289-308, 1981.
 
Blakemore WE, Crang AJ and Evans RJ : The effect of chemical injury on oligodendrocytes. In : Viruses and Demyelinating Diseases. Ed by CC Nimms. Academic Press, New York, pp. 167-190, 1984.
 
Blaurock A : Evidence of bilayer structure and of membrane interactions from x-ray diffraction analysis. Biochem Biophys Acta 650 : 167-207, 1982.
PubMed
Blinzinger K, Anzil AP and Miller W : Myelinated nerve cell perikarya in the mouse spinal cord. Z Zellforsch 128 : 135-138, 1972.
 
Blunt MJ, Baldwin F and Wendell-Smith CP : Gliogenesis and myelination in kitten optic nerve. Z Zellforsch 124 : 293-310, 1972.
PubMed
Bock P, Hanak H and Stockinger L : The penetration of exogenous protein into mesaxonal and periaxonal space. An electron microscopic study on unmyelinated nerves using horseradish peroxidase as a tracer. J Submicr Cytol 2 : 189-192, 1970.
 
Bodian D : Further notes on the vertebrate synapse. J Comp Neurol 73 : 323-343, 1940.
 
Bohn MC and Friedrich VL : Recovery of myelination in rat optic nerve after developmental retardation by cortisol. J Neurosci 2 : 1292-1298, 1982.
PubMed
Bondareff W : An intercellular substance in rat cerebral cortex submicroscopic distribution of ruthenium red. Anat Rec 157 : 527-535, 1967.
 
Borelli GA : De Motu Animalium. Angelo Bernado, Romae, 1681.
 
Braak E, Braak H and Strenge H : The fine structure of myelinated nerve cell bodies in the bulbus olfactorius of man. Cell Tissue Res 182 : 221-233, 1977.
PubMed
Bradley P and Horn G : Neuronal plasticity in the chick brain : Morphological effects of visual experience on neurons in hyperstriatum accessorium. Brain Res 162 : 148-153, 1979.
PubMed
Bradley WG, Jaros E and Jenkinson M : The nodes of Ranvier in the nerves of mice with muscular dystrophy. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 36 : 797-806, 1977.
 
Bradley WG and Jenkinson M : Abnormalities of peripheral nerve in routine muscular dystrophy. J Neurol Sci 18 : 227-247. 1973.
 
Braitenberg V and Atwood RP : Morphological observations on the cerebellar cortex. J Comp Neurol 109 : 1-27, 1958.
PubMed
Brandon JG and Coss RG : Rapid dendritic spine stem shortening during one-trial learning : The honeybee's first orientation flight. Brain Res 162 : 148-153, 1982.
 
Braun PE : Molecular organization of myelin. In : Myelin. Ed by P Morell. 2nd ed. Plenum, New York, pp. 97-113, 1984.
 
Broadwell RD and Cataldo AM : The neuronal endoplasmic reticulum : its cytochemistry and contribution to the endomembrane system. I. Cell bodies and dendrites. J Histochem Cytochem 3 : 1077-1088, 1983.
 
Broadwell RD and Cataldo AM : The neuronal endoplasmic reticulum : its cytochemistry and contribution to the endomembrane system. II. Axons and terminals. J Comp Neurol 23 : 231-248, 1984.
 
Brockes JP, Fields KL and Raff MC : Studies on cultured rat Schwann cells. I. Establishment of purified populations from cultures of peripheral nerve. Brain Res 165 : 105-118, 1979.
PubMed
Brockes JP, Fryell KJ and Lemke GE : Studies on cultured Schwann cells : The induction of myelin synthesis, and the control of their proliferation by a new growth factor. J Exper Biol 95 : 215-230, 1981.
 
Brockes JP, Raff MC, Nishiguchi DJ and Winter J Studies on cultured rat Schwann cells. III. Assays for peripheral myelin proteins. J Neurocytol 9 : 67-77, 1979.
 
Brosnan CF and Tansey F : Delayed onset of experimental allergic neuritis in rats treated with reserpine. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 43 : 84-93, 1984.
 
Brown MJ and Asbury AK : Schwann cell proliferation in the postnatal mouse : timing and topography. Exper Neurol 74 : 170-186, 1981.
 
Bruchmuller W and Scharf J-H : Morphologic and Histotopochemie der π-Granula (Reich) in den Schwannschen Zellen von Mensch, Hausrind and Pferd. Morphol Jb 108 : 71-121, 1965.
 
Bulae CO : Zur Morphologic der Neuroglia im Nerves opticus and in der Retina nach Methoden der spanischen Schule (Ramon y Cajal). Z Augenheilk 74 : 248-267, 1931.
 
Bunge MB, Bunge RP and Pappas GD : Electron microscopic demonstration of connections between glia and myelin sheaths in the developing mammalian central nervous system. J Cell Biol 12 : 448-453, 1962.
PubMed
Bunge MB, Bunge RP, Peterson ER and Murray MR : A light and electron microscope study of long-term organized cultures of rat dorsal root ganglia. J Cell Biol 32 : 439 466, 1967.
 
Bunge MB, Bunge RP and Ris H : Ultrastructural study of remyelination in an experimental lesion in adult cat spinal cord. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 10 : 67-94, 1961.
 
Bunge RP : Glial cells and the central myelin sheath. Physiol Rev 48 : 197-251, 1968.
PubMed
Bunge RP and Bunge MB : Cues and constraints in Schwann cell development. In : Studies in Developmental Neurobiology. Ed by WM Cowan. Oxford University Press. New York, pp. 322-353. 1981.
 
Bunge RP, Bunge MB and Bates M : Movements of the Schwann cell nucleus implicate pragress of the inner (axonrelated) Schwann cell process during myelination. J Cell Biol 109 : 273-284, 1989.
PubMed
Bunge RP, Bunge MB and Eldridge CF : Linkage between asocial ensheathment and basal lamina production by Schwann cells. Ann Rev Neurosci 9 : 305-328, 1986.
 
Bunge RP and Glass PM : Some observations on myelin-glial relationships and on the etiology of the cerebrospinal fluid exchange lesion. Ann NY Acad Sci 122 : 15-28, 1965.
PubMed
Burd GD : Myelinated dendrites and neuronal perikarya in the olfactory bulb of the mouse. Brain Res 181 : 450-454, 1980.
PubMed
Burkel WE : The histological fine structure of perineurium. Anat Rec 158 : 177-190, 1967.
PubMed
Caceres A. Payne MR. Binder LI and Steward O : Immunocytochemical localization of actin and microtubule-associated protein MAP2 in dentritic spines. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 80 : 1738-1742, 1983.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Morfologia y conexiones de los elementos nerviosos de la retina de las ayes. Rev trim Histol norm patol 1° Mayo, 1888.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sobre his fibras nerviosas de la capa molecular del cerebelo. Rev trim Histol norm patol 1 : 33-49, 1888.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Estructura del cerebelo. Gac med Catalana 11 : 449-457, 1888.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Connexion general de los elementos nerviosos. La Medicina Practica 2 : 341-346, 1889.
 
Cajal S Rannin y : Sur la morphologie et les connexions des elements de la retine des oiseaux. Anat Anz 4 : 111-121, 1889.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Origen y terminacion de las fibras nerviosas olfactorias. Gaceta sanitaria de Barcelona. Diciembre, 1890.
 
Cajal S Ramon N : Signihcacion fisiologica de las expansions protoplasmaticas y nerviosas de las celulas de la sustancia gris. Memoria leida en el Congreso medico de Valenciano. Sesion del 24. Junio de 1891. Rev Ciencias Med 17 (22y 23) : 1-15, 1891.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sur la structure de l'ecorce cerebrale de quelques mammiferes. La Cellule 7 : 125-176. 1891.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : El nuevo concepto de la histologia de los centros nerviosos. Rev Ciencias Med 18 : 457-476, 1892.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Neue Darstellung vom histologischen Ban des Centralnervemsystems. (H. Held訳) Arch Anat Physiol Anat Abt 319-428, 1893.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Nuevo concepto de la histologia de los centros nerviosos. Henrich, Barcelona, 1893.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : La fine structure des centres nerveux. The Coronian Lecture. Proc Roy Soc London 55 : 444-468, 1894.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Algunas conjecturas sobre el mecanismo anatomico de la ideation, association y atencion. Rev med cirurg pract. Madrid 36 : 497-508, 1895 (独訳 : Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abt 4/6 : 367-378, 1895).
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Estructura del protoplasma nervioso. Rev Trim Microgr 1 : 1-30, 1896.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Las espinas colaterales de las celulas del cerebro tedidas con el azul de metileno. Rev Trim Microgr 1 : 123-136, 1896.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Leyes de la morfologla y dinamismo de las celulas nerviosas. Rev trine Microgr Madrid 2 : 1-12, 1897.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Textura del Sistema Nervioso del Hombre y de los Vertebrados. Moga, Madrid 1897. (2 Vols in 3)
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Un sencillo methodo de Color acion selectiva del reticulo protoplasmatico y sus efectos en los diversos centros nerviosos de vertebrados e invertebrados. Trab del Lab de Invest Biol 11 129-221, 1903.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Les structures et les connexions des cellules nerveux. In : Les Prix Nobel 1904-1906, Norstedt, Stockholm. 1906. (The structure and connexions of neurons. In : Nobel Lectures : Physiology or Medicine. 1901-1921. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 220-253, 1967)
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Histologic du Systeme Nerveux de l'Homme et des Vertebras. Vol I et II. Maloine Paris. 1909 1911. (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid 1952から再版).
 
Cajal S Ramon y : El aparato endocellular de Golgi de la cellule de Schwann y agunas observations sobre la estructura de los tubos nerviosos. Trab Lab Invest Biol Univ Madrid 10 : 221-246, 1912.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Estudios sobre In Degeneracibn y Regeneracion del Systema Nervioso. Volt Degeneracibn y Regeneration de los Nerviosos. Moya, Madrid, 1913.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Estudios sobre la Degeneracibn y Regeneracion del Systema Nervioso. Vol 2 Degeneracion y Regeneration de los Centros Nerviosos. Moya, Madrid, 1914.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System. Translat by RM May. Hafner, New York, 1928. Edited, with an Introduction and Additional Translations, by J DeFelipe and EG Jones. Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford, 1991.
 
Cajal S Ramon y et Tello y Munoz JF : Elementos de Histologia normal. 10 Edit, Tipografia artistica, Madrid, 1931.
 
Caley DW : Ultrastructural differences between central and peripheral myelin sheath formation in the rat. Anat Rec 157 : 223, 1967.
 
Calev DW and Butler AB : Formation of central and peripheral myelin sheaths in the rat : an electron microscopic study. Amer J Anat 140 : 339-348, 1974.
 
Campagnoni AT, Campagnoni CW, Bourre JM, Jacque C and Baumann N : Cell-free synthesis of myelin basic proteins in normal and dysmyelinating mutant mice. J Neurochem 42 : 733-739, 1984.
PubMed
Carey DJ and Bunge RP : Factors influencing the release of proteins in cultured Schwann cells. J Cell Biol 91 : 666-672, 1981.
PubMed
Carey DJ, Eldridge CF, Cornbrooks CJ, Timple R and Bunge RP : Biosynthesis of type IV collagen by cultured rat Schwann cells. J Cell Biol 97 : 473-479, 1983.
 
Carlin RK, Grab DJ and Siekevitz P : Postmortem accumlation of tubulin in postsynaptic density preparations. J Neurochem 38 : 94-100, 1982.
 
Carlsen F and Behse F : Three dimensional analysis of Schwann cells associated with unmyelinated nerve fibres in human sural nerve. J Anat 130 : 545-547, 1980.
PubMed
Carlsen F, Knappeis GG and Behse F : Schwann cell length in unmyelinated fibres of human sural nerve. J Anat 117 : 463-467, 1974.
PubMed
Carlstedt T : Observations on the morphology at the transition between the peripheral and the central nervous system. I-V. Acta Physiol Stand 100, Suppl 446 : 5-85, 1977.
 
Caspar DLD and Kirschner DA : Myelin membrane structure at 10E resolution. Nature 231 : 46-52, 1971.
 
Causey G and Barton AA : The cellular content of the endoneurium of peripheral nerve. Brain 82 : 594-598, 1959.
PubMed
Chan-Palay V : The tripartie structure of the undercoat in initial segments of Purkinje cell axon. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 139 : 1-10, 1972.
 
Chan-Palay V, Palay SL and Billings-Gagliardi SM : Meynert cells in the primate visual cortex. J Neurocytol 3 : 631-658, 1974.
PubMed
Chang FL and Greenough WT : Lateralized effects of monocular training on dendritic branding in adult split-brain rats. Brain Res 232 : 283-292, 1982.
 
Chang F-L and Greenough WT : Transient and enduring morphological correlates of synaptic activity and efficacy change in the rat hippocampal slice. Brain Res 309 : 35-46, 1984.
PubMed
Chase HP, Canosa CA, Dabiere CS, Welch NN and O'Brien D : Postnatal undernutrition and human brain development. J Ment Defic Res 18 : 355-366, 1974.
 
Chase HP, Dorsey J and McKhann GM : The effect of undernutrition on the synthesis of a myelin lipid. Pediatrics 40 : 551-559, 1967.
PubMed
Chinn P : Palarization optical studies of structure of nerve cells. J Cell Comp Physiol 12 : 1-21, 1938.
 
Chinn P and Schmitt FO : On the birefringence of nerve sheaths as studied in cross sections. J Cell Comp Physiol 9 : 289 296, 1937.
 
Citkowitz E and Holtzman E : Peroxisomes in dorsal root ganglia. J Histochem Cytochem 21 : 34-41, 1973.
PubMed
Clark JAL : Researches into the structure of the spinal cord. Phil Trans Roy See, London 141 : 607-621, 1851.
 
Clos J and Legrand J : Influence de la deficience thyroidienne et de la sousalimentation sur la croissance et la myelinisation des fibres nerveuses de la moelle cervicale et do nerf sciatique chez le jeune rat blanc. Arch Anat Mikr Morphol Exper 58 : 339-354, 1969.
 
Clos J and Legrand J : Influence de la deficience thyroidienne et de la sousalimentaion sur la croissance et la myelinisation des fibres nerveux du nerf sciatique chez le jeune rat blanc. Etude au microscope elecronique. Brain Res 22 : 285-297, 1970.
 
Clos J, Legrand C, Legrand J, Ghandour MS, Labourdette G, Vincendon G and Gombos G : Effects of thyroid state and undernutrition on S 100 protein and astroglia development in rat cerebellum. Dev Neurosci 5 : 285-292, 1982.
 
Clos J, Legrand J, Limozin N, Dalmasso C and Laurent G : Effects of abnormal thyroid state and undernutrition on carbonic anhydrase and oligodendroglia development in the rat cerebellum. Dev Neurosci 5 : 243-251, 1982.
PubMed
Cloyd MW and Low FN : Scanning electron microscopy of the subarachnoid space in the dog. I. Spinal cord levels. J Comp Neurol 153 : 325-368, 1974.
 
Coggeshal RE : A fine structural analysis of the myelin sheath in rat spinal roots. Anat Rec 194 : 201-212, 1979.
 
Cohen LB : Changes in neuron structure during action potential propagation and synaptic transmission. Physiol Rev 53 : 373-418, 1973.
PubMed
Cohen LB, Keynes RD and Hille B : Light scattering and birefringence changes during nerve activity. Nature 218 : 438-441, 1968.
PubMed
Connor JR and Diamond MC : A comparison of dendritic spine number and type on pyramidal neurons of old rat from social or isolated environments. J Comp Neurol 210 : 99-106, 1982.
PubMed
Conradi S : Ultrastructure and distribution of neuronal and glial elements on the motoneuron surface in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the adult cat. Acta Physiol Stand, Suppl 332 : 5-48, 1969.
 
Conradi S : Ultranstructure and distribution of neuronal and glial elements on the surface of the proximal part of a motoneuron dendrite, as analysed by serial sections. Acta Physiol Scand, Suppl 332 : 49-64, 1969.
 
Conradi S : Observations on the ultrastructure of the axon hillock and initial axon segment of lumbosacral motoneurons in the cat. Acta Physiol Scand, Suppl 332 : 65-84, 1969.
PubMed
Conradi S and Ronnevi L : Ultrastructure and synaptology of the initial axon segment of cat spinal motoneurons during early postnatal development. J Neurocytol 6 : 195-210, 1977.
PubMed
Conradi S and Skoglund S : Observations on the ultrastructure of the initial neuraxon segment and dorsal root boutons on the motoneurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the cat during postnatal development. Acta Physiol Scand (Suppl) 333 : 53-76, 1969.
PubMed
Coombs JS, Curtis DR and Eccls JC : The interpretation of spike potentials of motoneurons. J Physiol 139 : 198-231, 1957.
 
Cooper MH and Beal JA : Myelinated granule cell bodies in the cerebellum of the monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Anat Rev 187 : 249-256, 1977.
 
Cooper MH and Beal JA : The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology. Oxford University Press, New York, 5th ed, 1977.
 
Cooper NA and Kidman AD : Quantitation of the Schmidt-Lanterman incisures in juvenile, adult, remyelinated and regenerated fibers of the chicken sciatic nerve. Acta Neuropathol 64 : 251-258, 1984.
PubMed
Cornbrooks CJ, Carey DJ, McDonald JA, Timple R and Bunge RP : In vivo and in vitro observations on laminin production by Schwann-cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80 : 3850-3854, 1983.
 
Coss RG : The function of dendritic spines : A review of theoretical issues. Behav Neurol Biol 44 : 151-185, 1985.
 
Coss RG. Brandon JG and Globus A : Changes in morphology of dendritic spines on honeybee calycal interneurons associated with cumulative nursing and foraging experiences. Brain Res 192 : 49-59, 1980.
PubMed
Coss RG and Globus A : Spine stems on tectal interneurons in jewel fish are shortened by social stimulation. Science 200 : 787-789, 1978.
PubMed
Coss RG and Globus A : Social experience affects the development of dendritic spines and branches on tectal interneurons in the jewel fish. Dev Psychobiol 12 : 347-358. 1979.
PubMed
Coss RG and Perkel DH : The function of dendritic spines : A review of theoretical issues. Behav Neural Biol 44 : 151-185, 1985.
PubMed
Cragg BG : The density of synapses and neurons in the motor and visual areas of the cerebral cortex. J Anat 101 : 639-654, 1967.
PubMed
Cragg BG and Thomas PK : The relationships between conduction velocity and the diameter and internodal length of peripheral nerve fibres. J Physicl (Lond) 136 : 606-614, 1957.
 
Craggs RI and Webster H deF : Ia antigens in the normal rat nervous system and in lesions of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Acta Neuropathol 68 : 263-272. 1985,
 
Cravioto H : The role of Schwann cells in the development of human peripheral nerves. An electron microscope study. J Ultrastruct Res 12 : 634-651, 1965.
PubMed
Crome L, Tymms V and Woolf LI : A chemical investigation of the defects of myelination in phenylketonuria. J Neurol Neurosurg. Psychiat 25 : 143-153, 1962.
PubMed
Culley WJ and Mertz ET : Effect of restricted food intake on growth and composition of preweaning rat brain. Proc Soc Exper Biol N. Y. 118 : 233-235, 1965.
 
Cuschieri A and Bannister LH : The development of the olfactory mucosa in the mouse : light-microscopy. J Anat 119 : 277-286, 1975.
PubMed
Cuschieri A and Bannister LH : The development of the olfactory mucosa in the mouse : electron-microscopy. J Anat 119 : 471-498, 1975.
PubMed
Dahl D, Chi NH, Miles LE, Nguyen BT and Bignami A : Glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein in Schwann cells : fact or artifact? J Histochem Cytochem 30 : 912-918, 1982.
PubMed
Davison AN and Dobbing MB : Myelination as a vulnerable period in brain development. Brit Med Bull 22 : 40-44, 1966.
 
Davison AN, Duckett S and Oxberry JM : Correlative morphological and biochemical studies of the human fetal sciatic nerve. Brain Res 57 : 327-373, 1973.
PubMed
De Lemos C and Pick J : The fine structure of thoracic sympathetic neurons in the adult rat Z Zellforsch 71 : 189-206, 1966.
PubMed
De Lorenzo AJ : Electron microscopic observations of the olfactory mucosa and olfactory nerve. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 3 : 839-863, 1957.
PubMed
De Lorenzo AJ : Electron microscopic observations of the olfactory mucosa and olfactory nerve. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 7 : 31-36, 1960.
 
Deiters OFK : Untersuchungen uber Gehirn and Ruckenmark des Menschen and der Saugethiere. (Herausgeg von M Schultze), F Vieweg u Sohn, Braunschweig, 1865.
 
de Renyi GS : Structure of cells in tissues as revealed by microdissection ; physical properties of living axis cylinder in myelinated nerve uber of frog. J Comp Neurol 47 : 405-425, 1929.
 
de Renyi G St : The structure of cells in tissues as revealed by microdissection. III. Observations on the sheaths of myelinated nerve fibers of the frog. J Comp Neurol 48 : 293-310, 1929.
 
de Renyi G St : The structure of cells in tissues as revealed by microdissection. IV. Obervations on neurofibrils in the living nervous tissue of the lobster (Homarus americanus). J Comp Neurol 48 : 441-457, 1929.
 
Dermietzel R : Junctions in the central nervous system of the cat. I. Membrane fusion in central myelin. Cell Tissue Res 148 : 565-576, 1974.
PubMed
Dermietzel R : Junctions in the central nervous system of the cat. II. A contribution to the tertiary structure of the axonal-glial junctions in the paranodal region of the node of Ranvier. Cell Tissue Res 148 : 577-586, 1974.
 
Dermietzel R and Kroczak H : Interlamellar tight junctions of central myelin. I. Developmental mechanisms during myelogenesis. Cell Tissue Res 213 : 81-94, 1980.
 
Dermietzel R, Leibstein AG and Schunke D : Interlamellar tight junctions of central myelin. II. A freeze-fracture and cytochemical study on their arrangement and composition. Cell Tissue Res 213 : 95-108, 1980.
 
De Robertis E : Submicroscopic morphology and function of the synapse. Exper Cell Res (Suppl) 5 : 347-369, 1958.
 
De Robertis E, Gerschenfeld H and Wald F : Cellular mechanisms of myelination in the central nervous system. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 4 : 651-658, 1958.
PubMed
Desmond NL and Levy WB : Synaptic correlates of associative potentiation/depression : An ultrastructural study in the hippocampus. Brain Res 265 : 21-30, 1983.
 
Desmond NL and Levy WB : Changes in the postsynaptic density with long term potentiation in the dentate gyrus. J Comp Neurol 253 : 476-482, 1986.
 
Desmond NL and Levy WB : Anatomy of associative long term synaptic modification. In : Long-term Potentiation : From Biophysics to Behavior. Ed by PW Lanfield and SA Deadwyler. Liss, New York, pp 265-305, 1988.
 
Detwiler SR and Kehoe K : Further observations on the origin of the sheath cells of Schwann. J Exper Zool 81 : 415-435, 1939.
 
Diaz-Florez L, Gayoso JM and Garrido M : Origin of the myelin sheath in myelinated cell bodies of the olfactory bulb. Morfol normal si pat 1 : 339-342, 1977.
 
Dixon AD : The ultrastructure of nerve fibers in the trigeminal ganglion of the rat. J Ultrastruct Res 8 : 107-121, 1963.
 
Dixon AD : The fine structure of parasympathetic nerve cells in the otic ganglia of the rabbit. Anat Rec 156 : 239-251, 1966.
 
Dabbing J : The influence of early nutrition on the development and myelination of the brain. Proc Roy Soc, Ser B 159 : 503-509, 1963.
 
Doggenweiler CF and Frank S : Staining properties of lanthanum on cell membrances. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 53 : 425-430, 1965.
 
Dogiel AS : Di Nervenelemente im Kleinhirne der Vogel and Saugetiere. Arch Mikr Anat 47 : 707-719, 1896.
 
Dogiel AS : Der Ban der Spinalganglien des Menschen and der Saugetiere. Fischer, Jena 1908.
 
Doinikow B : Histologische and histopathologische Untersuchungen am peripheren Nervensystem mittels vitaler Farbung. Folia Neuro-biol 7 : 731, 1913.
 
Doolittle CH and Schweikart KM : Myelin deficient, a new neurological mutant in the mouse. J Hered 68 : 331-332, 1977.
 
Droz B : Synthetic machinery and axoplasmic transport : maintenance of neuronal connectivity. In : The Nervous System. Vol I Ed by BD Tower. Raven Press, New York, pp. 111-127, 1976.
 
Droz B, Rambourg A and Koenig HL : The smooth endoplasmic reticulum : structure and role in the renewal of axonal membrane and synaptic vesicles by fast axonal transport. Brain Res 193 : 1-13, 1975.
 
Dubois-Dalcq M, Behar TN, Hudson L and Lazzarini RA : Emergence of three myelin proteins in oligodendrocytes cultured without neurons. J Cell Biol 102 : 384-392, 1986.
 
du Bois-Reymond E : Untersuchungen uber thierische Elektricitat. Reimer, Berlin. Bd 1, 1848 ; Bd 2, Teil 1, 1849 ; Bd 2, Teil 2, S 1-384, 1860 ; Bd 2, Teil 2, S. 385-579, 1884.
 
Duckett S and Scott T : Glycogen in human fetal sciatic nerve. Rev Can Biol 31 : 147-151, 1972.
PubMed
Duncan D : A relation between axon diameter and myelination determined by measurement of myelinated spinal root fibers. J Comp Neurol 60 : 437-472, 1934.
 
Duncan JD, Hammang JP and Jackson KF : Jimpy myelin lacks PLP and has a defect in the intraperiod line. Soc Neurosci Abstr 13 : 118, 1987.
 
Duncan JD, Hammang JP and Trapp BD : Abnormal compact myelin in the myelin deficient rat : Absence of proteolipid protein corralates with a defect in the intraperiod line. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 6287-6291, 1987.
 
Duval M : Hypothese sur la physiologic des centre nerveux ; theorie histologique du sommeil. Compt Rend Soc Biel Paris 10 : 74-77, 1895.
 
Eames RA and Gamble HJ : Schwann cell relationship in normal human cutaneous nerves. J Anat 106 : 417-435, 1970.
PubMed
Ehrenberg CG : Nothwendigkeit einer feineren mechanischen Zerlegung des Gehirns and der Nerven vor der chemischen, dargestellt aus Beobachtungen von C. G. Ehrenberg. Annalen der Physik and Chemie (Poggendorff's) 28 : 449-473, 1833.
 
Ehrenberg CG : Beobachtung einer auffallenden bisher unerkannten Struktur des Seelenorgans bei Menschen and Thieren. Konig Akad Wiss zu Berlin im 24. Oktober 1833 gehaltener Vortrag. Abh Kl kgl Akad Wiss Berlin 1834, 665-721, 1836. 57 pp mit 6 Kupfertafeln. English transl, with additions and notes, by David Craigie in Edinburgh Med Surg J 48 : 258-304, 1837.
 
Ehrlich P : Sauerstoffbedurfnis des Organismus. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1885.
 
Ehrlich P : Uber die Methylenblaureaktion der lebenden Nervensubstanz. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 12 : 49-52, 1886.
 
Eldridge CF, Bunge MB, Bunge RP and Wood PM : Differentiation of axon-related Schwann cells in vitro. I. Ascorbic acid regulates basal lamina assembly and myelin formation. J Cell Biol 105 : 1023-1034, 1987.
PubMed
Elfvin L-G : The ultrastructure of unmyelinated fibers in the splenic nerve of the cat. J Ultrastruct Res 1 : 428-454, 1958.
 
Elfvin L-G : The ultrastructure of the node of Ranvier in cat sympathetic nerve fibers. J Ultrastruct Res 5 : 374-387, 1961.
PubMed
Elfvin L-G : The structure and composition of motor, sensory and autonomic nerves and fibers. In : The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue. Ed by GH Bourne. Academic Press, New York, Vol 1 pp. 325-377, 1968.
 
Ellisman MH : Molecular specializations of the axon membrane at nodes of Ranvier are not dependent upon myelination. J Neurocytol 8 : 719-735, 1979.
 
Ellisman MH and Lindsey JD : The axoplasmic reticulum within myelinated axons is not rapidly transported. J Neurocytol 12 : 393-411, 1983.
PubMed
Engstrom A and Finean JB : Biological Ultrastructure. Acad Press, New York, 1958.
 
Erlanger J and Gasser HS : Electrical Signs of Nervous Activity. Univ of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, pp. 1-221, 1937.
 
Ernyei S and Young MR : Pulsatile and myelin-forming activities of Schwann cells in vivo. J Physiol 183. 469-480, 1966.
 
Ewald A and Kuhne W : Uber einen neuen Bestand-theil des Nervensystems. Verh. naturhist med Vereins zu Heidelberg. NF 1 : 357, 1877.
 
Falconer DS : Two new mutation, trembler and reeler with neurological action in the house mouse. J Genet 50 : 192-201. 1951.
 
Famiglietti EV and Peters A : The synaptic glomerulus and the intrinsic neuron in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 144 : 285-334, 1972.
 
Farquhar MG and Hartmann JF : Neuroglial structure and relationships as revealed by electron microscopy. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 16 : 18-39, 1957.
 
Feder N : Microperoxidase : an ultrastructural tracer of low molecular weight. J Cell Biol 51 : 339-343, 1971.
PubMed
Feder N, Reese TS and Brightman MW : Microperoxidase, a new tracer of low molecular weight. A study of the interstitial compartments of the mouse brain. J Cell Biol 43 : 35A, 1969.
 
Feldman M1L and Dowd C : Loss of dendritic spines in aging cerebral cortex. Z Anat Entw gesch 148 : 279 301, 1975.
 
Fernandez Moran H : Electron microscope observations on the structure of the myelinated nerve uber sheath. Exper Cell Res 1 : 143-149, 1950.
 
Fernandez-Moran H : Sheath and axon structures in the internode portion of vertebrate myelinated nerve fibers. Exper Cell Res 1 : 309-340, 1950.
 
Fernandez-Moran H : The submicroscopic structure of nerve fibres. Prog Biophysics 4 : 112-147, 1954.
 
Fernandez-Moran H and Finean JB : Electron microscope and low angle x-ray diffraction studies of the nerve myelin sheath. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 3 : 725-748, 1957.
PubMed
Fields KL and Yen S-H : A subset of Schwann cells in peripheral nerves contain a 50-KDa protein antigenically related to astrocyte intermediate filaments. J Neuroimmunol 8 : 311-330, 1985.
PubMed
Fifkova E : The effects of monocular deprivation on the synaptic contacts of the visual cortex. J Neurobiol 1 : 285-294. 1970.
 
Fifkova E : Actin in the nervous system. Brain Res 356 : 187-215, 1985.
PubMed
Fifkova E : The effects of monocular derivation of the synaptic contacts of the visual cortex. J Neurobiol 1 : 285-315. 1985-
 
Fifkova E, Anderson CL, Young SJ and van Harreveld A : Effect of anisomyosin on stimulation-induced changes in dendritic spines of the dentate granule cells. J Neurocytol 11 : 183-210, 1982.
 
Fifkova E and Delay RJ : Cytoplasmic actin in neuronal processes as a possible mediator of synaptic plasticity. J Cell Biol 95 : 345-350, 1982.
PubMed
Fifkova E, Markham JA and Delay RJ : Calcium in the spine apparatus of dendritic spines in the dentate molecular layer. Brain Res 266 : 163-168, 1983.
PubMed
Fifkova F and van Harreveld A : Long-lasting morphological changes in dendritic spines of dentate granular cells following stimulation of the entorhinal area. J Neurocytol 6 : 211-280, 1977.
 
Finean JB : Phospholipid-cholesterol complex in the structure of myelin. Experientia 9 : 17-19, 1953.
PubMed
Finean JB : The effects of osmiam tetroxide fixation on the structure of myelin in sciatic nerve. Exper Cell Res 6 : 283-292, 1954.
 
Finean JB : X-ray diffraction studies of the myelin sheath in peripheral and central nerve fibres. Exper Cell Res (Suppl) 5 : 18-32, 1958.
 
Finean JB : Electron microscope and x-ray diffraction studies of the effects of dehydration on the structure of nerve myelin. II. Optic nerve. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 8 : 31-37. 1960.
 
Finean JB : X-ray diffraction and electron microscope studies of nerve myelin. In : Electron Microscopy in Anatomy. Ed by JD Boyd, FR Johnson and JD Lever. Arnold. London, pp. 114-125, 1961.
 
Finean JB, Hawthorne HN and Patterson JDE : Structural and chemical differences between optic and sciatic nerve myelins. J Neurochem 1 : 256-259, 1957.
 
Flechsig P : Uber eine neue Farbungsmethode des centralen Nervensystems und deren Ergebnisse bezuglich des Zusammenhanges von Ganglienzellen und Nervenfasern. Arch Anat Physiol, Physicl Abt 537-538, 1889.
 
Fleischhauer K : On different patterns of dendritic bundling in the cerebral cortex of the cat, Z Anat Entw-gesch 143 : 115-126, 1974.
 
Fleischhauer K, Perche H and Wittkowski W : Vertical bundles of dendrites in the neocortex. Z Anat Entw-gesch 136 : 213-223, 1972.
 
Follenius E : Organisation scalariforme du reticulum endoplasmique dans certains processus nerveux de l'hypothalamus de Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Z Zellforsch 106 : 61-68, 1970.
 
Fontana FGF : Traite sur le Venin de la Vipere-auquel on y a joint des observations sur la structure primitive du corps animal. Differentes experiences sur la reproduction des nerfs. 2 Vols, Florence, 1781. この本はFelice Fontana's Abhandlung uber das Viperngift, nebst einigen Beobachtungen uber den ursprunglichen Bau des tierischen Korpers u. s. w. としてドイツ語訳され, Berlin 1787 (500 pp) で出版. またTraitise on the venom of the viper ; To which are annexed, observations on the primitive structure of the animal body. Different experiments on the reproduction of the nerves. Transl from the French by J. Skinner, Murray, Londonとしても出版.
 
Forel A : Einige hirnanatomische Betrachtungen and Ergebnisse. Arch Psychiatr Nerv Krankh 18 : 162-198, 1887.
 
Fox CA and Barnard JW : A quantitative study of the Purkinje cell dendritic branchlets and their relationship to afferent fibres. J Anat (Lond) 91 : 299-313, 1957.
 
Fox JH, Fishman MA, Dodge PR and Prensky AL : The effect of malnutrition on human central nervous system myelin. Neurology 22 : 1213-1216. 1972.
PubMed
Fraher JP : A quantitative study of anterior root fibers during early myelination. J Anat 112 : 99-124, 1972.
PubMed
Fraher JP : A quantitative study of anterior root fibers during early myelination. II. Longitudinal variation in sheath thickness and axon circumference. J Anat 115 : 421-444, 1973.
PubMed
Fraher JP : The growth and myelination of central and peripheral segments of ventral motoneuron axons. A quantitative ultrastructural study. Brain Res 105 : 193-211, 1976.
PubMed
Fraher JP : The maturation of the ventral root-spinal cord transitional zone. J Neurol Sci 36 : 427-449, 1978.
 
Fraher JP : Quantitative studies on the maturation of central and peripheral parts of individual ventral motoneuron axons. I. Myelin sheath and axon calibre. J Anat 126 : 509-533, 1978.
PubMed
Fraher JP : Quantitative studies on the maturation of central and peripheral parts of individual ventral motoneuron axons. II. Internodal length. J Anat 127 : 1-15, 1978.
PubMed
Fraher JP and Kaar GF : The maturation of the ventral root-spinal cord transitional zone. 2. A quantitative ultrastructural study of the dynamics of its early development. J Neurol Sci 53 : 63-65, 1982.
PubMed
Fraher JP and Kaar GF : The transitional node of Ranvier at the juction of the central and peripheral nervous systems : an ultrastructural study of its development and mature form. J Anat 139 : 215-238, 1984.
 
Fraher JP, Kaar GF, Bristol DC and Rossiter JP : Development of ventral spinal motoneurons fibres : a correlative study of the growth and maturation of central and peripheral segments of large and small fibre classes. Frog Neurobiol 31 : 199-240, 1988.
 
Fraher JP and McDougall RD : Macrophages related to leptomeninges and ventral roots. An ultrastructural study. J Anat 120 : 537-549, 1975.
PubMed
Friede RL : Control of myelin formation by axon caliber (with a model of the control mechanism). J Comp Neurol 144 : 233-252, 1972.
 
Friede RL : Effect of pH on interlamellar spacing in rat sciatic myelin. Exper Neurol 94 : 368-378, 1986.
 
Friede RL and Miyagishi T : Adjustment of the myelin sheath to changes in axon caliber. Anat Rec 172 : 1-14, 1972.
PubMed
Friede RL and Samorajski T : Relation between the number of myelin lamellae and axon circumference in fibers of vagus and sciatic nerves of mice. J Comp Neurol 130 : 223-231, 1967.
PubMed
Friede RL and Samorajski T : Myelin formation in the sciatic nerve of the rat. A quantitative electron microscopic, histochemical and radioactive study. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 27 : 546-571, 1968.
 
Friede RL and Samorajski T : The clefts of Schmidt-Lantermann : a quantitative electron microscopic of their structure in developing and adult sciatic nerves of the rat. Anat Rec 165 : 89-102, 1969.
 
Friedrich VL jr : Hyperplasia of oligodendrocytes in quaking mice. Anat Embryol 147 : 259-271, 1975.
PubMed
Friedrich VL and Mugnaini E : Myelin sheath thickness in CNS is regulated near the axon. Brain Res 274 : 329-331, 1983.
PubMed
Fulcrand J and Privat A : Neuroglial reactions secondary to Wallerian degeneration in the optic nerve of the postnatal rat : ultrastructural and quantitative study. J Comp Neurol 176 : 189-224, 1977.
PubMed
Gamble HJ : Comparative electron-microscopic observations on the connective tissues of a peripheral nerve and a spinal nerve root in the rat. J Anat 98 : 17-25, 1964.
 
Gamble HJ : Further electron microscope studies of human foetal peripheral nerves. J Anat 100 : 487-502, 1966.
PubMed
Gamble HJ and Breathnach AS : An electron microscopic study of human fetal peripheral nerves. J Anat 99 : 573-584, 1965.
PubMed
Gamble HJ and Eames RA : An electron microscope study of the connective tissues of human peripheral nerve. J Anat 98 : 655-663, 1964.
PubMed
Garcia-Segura LM and Perrelet A : Climbing uber destruction affects dendrite and spine membrane organization in Purkinje cells. Brain Res 236 : 253-260, 1982.
 
Gasser HS : Discussion of a paper by B Frankenhauser. In : Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. Vol 17 The Neuron. Ed by KB Warren. The Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp. 32-36, 1952.
 
Gasser HS : Olfactory nerve fibers. J Gen Physiol 38 : 473-496, 1956.
 
Gasser HS and Grundfest H : Axon diameters in relation to the spike dimensions and the conduction velocity in mammalian A fibers. Amer J Physiol 127 : 393-414, 1939.
 
Geren BB : The formation from the Schwann cell surface of myelin in the peripheral nerves of chick embryos. Exper Cell Res 7 : 558-562, 1954.
 
Gerlach J : Mikroskopische Studien aus dem Gebiet der menschlichen Morphologie. F Enke, Erlangen, 1858. 2版は1865に出版.
 
Ghabriel MN and Allt G : Incisures of Schmidt-Lanterman. Prog Neurobiol 17 : 25-58, 1981.
PubMed
Ghotak NR, Hirano A, Doron Y, Zimmerman HM : Remyelination in multiple sclerosis with peripheral type myelin. Arch Neurol 29 : 262-267, 1973.
 
Globus A and Scheibel AB : Loss of dendritic spines as an index of presynaptic terminal patterns. Nature 212 : 463-465, 1966.
 
Globus A and Scheibel AB : Synaptic loci on visual cortical neurons of the rabbit. The specific afferent radiation. Exper Neurol 18 : 116-131, 1967.
 
Globus A and Scheibel AB : The effects of visual deprivation on cortical neurons : A Golgi study. Exper Neurol 19 : 331-345, 1967.
 
Globus A and Scheibel AB : Synaptic loci on parietal cortical neurons : terminations of corpus callosum fibers. Science 156 : 1127-1129, 1967.
PubMed
Goldenring JR, McGuire JS and DeLorenzo RJ : Identification of a major postsynaptic density protein as homologous with the major calmodulinbinding subunit of a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. J Neurochem 42 : 1077-1084, 1984.
 
Golgi C : Sulla struttura della sostanza grigia del cervello. Gaz Med Ital Lombardia 33 : 244-246, 1873. 英訳On the structure of the grey matter of the brain. In : Golgi Centennial Symposium. (M. Santini訳). Raven Press, New York, 1975.
 
Golgi C : Studi istologici sul midollo spinale. Communicatione fatta al terzo congresso freniatrico italiano tenure in Reggio-Emilia nel Sett. 1880. この論文はArch ital per le malattie nervose, anno 18, 1881とAnat Anz 5 : 431, 1881にも掲載.
 
Golgi C : Recherches sur l'histologie des centres nerveux. Arch Ital Biol 3 : 285-317, 1883 e ibid 4 : 92-123, 1883.
 
Gould RM and Sinatra RS : Internodal distribution of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic activity in teased peripheral nerve fibers an autoradiographic study. J Neurocytol 10 : 161-167, 1981.
PubMed
Gray EG : Axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses of the cerebral cortex : An electron microscope study. J Anat (Lond) 93 : 420-433, 1959.
 
Gray EG : Electron microscopy of presynaptic organelles of the spinal cord. J Anat 97 : 101-106, 1963.
PubMed
Gray EG : Tissue of the central nervous system. In : Electron Microscopic Anatomy. Ed by SM Kurtz. Academic Press, New York, pp. 369-417, 1964.
 
Gray EG : The fine structure of nerve. Comp Biochem Physiol 36 : 419-448, 1970.
PubMed
Gray EG and Guillery RW : The basis for silver staining of synapses of the mammalian spinal cord. A light and electron microscope study. J Physiol 157 : 581-588, 1961.
PubMed
Gray EG and Guillery RW : Synaptic morphology in the normal and degenerating nervous system. Int Rev Cytol 19 : 111-182, 1966.
 
Griffith LM and Pollard TD : The interaction of actin filaments with microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins. J Biol Chem 257 : 9143-9151, 1982.
PubMed
Griffiths IR, Mitchell LS, McPhilemy K, Morrison S, Kyriakides E and Barrie JA : Expression of myelin protein genes in Schwann cells. J Neurocytol 18 : 345-352, 1989.
PubMed
Grundfest H : The properties of mammalian B fibers. Amer J Physiol 127 : 252-262, 1939.
 
Grundfest H : Bioelectric potentials. Ann Rev Physiol 2 : 213-242, 1940.
 
Gudden B von : Experimentaluntersuchungen uber das peripherische and centrale Nervensystem. Arch Psychiat 2 : 693-723, 1870.
 
Gumpel M, Lachapelle F, Baulac M, Baron van Evercooren A, Lubetzki C, Gansmuller A, Lombrail P, Jacque C and Baumann N : Myelination in the mouse by transplanted oligodendrocytes. In : Glial and Neuronal Communication in Development and Regeneration. Ed by HH Althaus and W Seifert. Spinger-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 819-830, 1987.
 
Guth L : Functional recovery following vagosympathetic anastomosis in the cat. Amer J Physiol 185 : 205-208, 1956.
PubMed
Guth L : Regeneration in the mammalian peripheral nervous system. Physiol Rev 36 : 441-478, 1956.
PubMed
Gutherie PB, Segal M and Kater SB : Independent regulation of calcium revealed by imaging dendritic spines. Science 354 : 76-79, 1991.
 
Hahn AF, Chang Y and Webster H de F : Development of myelinated nerve fibers in the sixth cranial nerve of the rat : A quantitative electron microscope study. J Comp Neurol 260 : 491-500, 1987.
 
Hahn AF, Feasby TE and Gilbert JJ : Blood-nerve barrier studies in experimental allergic neuritis. Acta Neuropathol 68 : 101-109, 1985.
PubMed
Hall SM and Williams PL : Studies on the "incisures" of Schmidt and Lanterman. J Cell Sci 6 : 767-792, 1970.
 
Hall SM and Williams PL : The distribution of electron dense tracers in peripheral nerve fibres. J Cell Sci 8 : 541-555, 1971.
PubMed
Haller FR, Haller AC and Low FN : The fine structure of cellular layers and connective tissue space at spinal root attachments in the rat. Amer J Anat 133 : 109 124, 1972.
 
Haller FR and Low FN : The fine structure of the peripheral nerve root sheath in the subarachnoid space in the rat and other laboratory animals. Amer J Anat 131 : 1-20, 1971.
PubMed
Hamlyn LH : The fine structure of the mossyfibre endings in the hippocampus of the rabbit. J Anat (Lond) 96 : 112-120, 1962.
 
Hamori J and Szentagothai J : Identification of synapes formed in the cerebellar cortex by Purkinje axon collaterals : an electron microscope study. Exper Brain Res 5 : 118-128, 1968.
 
Haninec P : Study of the origin of connective tissue sheaths of peripheral nerves in the limb of avian embryos. Anat Embryol 178 : 553-557, 1988.
PubMed
Hannover A : Recherches Microscopiques sur la Systeme Nerveux. Copenhague-Paris-Leipzig 1844. これはMikroskopiske Undersogelser of Nervesystemet-Kjobenhavnのフランス語訳である.
 
Harkin JC : A series of desmosomal attachments in the Schwann cell sheath of myelinated mammalian nerves. Z Zellforsch 64 : 189. 195, 1964.
 
Harrison RG : An experimental study of the relation of the nervous system to the developing musculature in the embryo of the frog. Amer J Anat 3 : 197-220, 1904.
 
Harrison RG : The outgrowth of the nerve fibers as a mode of protoplasmic movement. J Exper Zool 9 : 787 846, 1910.
 
Harrison RG : Neuroblast versus sheath cell in the development of peripheral nerves. J Comp Neur of 37 : 123-203, 1924.
 
Hartman BK, Agrawal HC, Agrawal D and Kalm bach S : Development and maturation of central nervous system myelin : comparison of immunohistochemical localization of proteolipid protein and basic protein in myelin and oligodendrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 : 4217-4220, 1982.
 
Hartmann JF : Electron microscopy of myelin sheath in sections of spinal cord. Exper Cell Res 2 : 126-132, 1951.
 
Heath JW : Double myelination of axons in the sympathetic nervous system. J Neurocytol 11 : 249-262, 1982.
PubMed
Hedley-Whyte ET and Meuser CS : The effect of undernutrition on myelination of rat sciatic nerve. Lab Invest 24 : 156-161, 1971.
PubMed
Hedley-Whyte ET, Rawlins FA, Salpeter MM and Uzman BG : Distribution of cholesterol-1, 2-H3 during matumation of mouse peripheral nerve. Lab Invest 21 : 536-547, 1969.
PubMed
Heinbecker P, Bishop GH and O'Leary JL : Functional and histologic studies of somatic and autonomic nerves of man. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 35 : 1233-1255, 1936.
 
Held H : Beitrage zur Struktur der Nervenzellen and ihre Fortsatze. Zweite Abhandlung. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abt 204-294, 1897.
 
Held H : Beitrage zur Struktur der Nervenzellen und ihre Fortsatze. Dritte Abhandlung. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abt (Suppl) 273-312, 1897.
 
Held H : Uber den Ban der grauen and weissen Substanz. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abt 189-224, 1902.
 
held H : Die Lehre you den Neuronen and vom Neuroncytium and ihr heutiger Stand. Fortschr Naturwiss Forsch, Neue Folge, Heft 8, S44. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin-Wien, 1929.
 
Helmholtz H : De fabrica systematis nervosi evertebratorum. Inaug-Diss. Berlin, 1842.
 
Hendelman WJ and Bunge RP : Radioautographic studies of choline incorporation into peripheral nerve myelin. J Cell Biol 40 : 190-208, 1969.
PubMed
Henkart MP, Reese TS and Brinkley FJ : Endoplasmic reticulum sequesters calcium in the squid giant axon. Science 202 : 1300-1303, 1978.
 
Henry EW and Sidman RL : Long lives for homozygous trembler mutant mice despite virtual absence of peripheral nerve myelin. Science 241 : 344-346, 1988.
PubMed
Hensen V : Uber die Entwicklung des Gewebes und der Nerven im Schwanze der Froschlarve. Arch Pathol Anat 31 : 51-73, 1864.
 
Herndon RM : The fine structure of the Purkinje cell. J Cell Biol 18 : 167-180. 1963.
PubMed
Herschkowitz N, Vassella F and Bischoff A : Myelin differences in the central and peripheral nervous systems in "jimpy " mouse. J Neurochem 18 : 1361-1363, 1971.
PubMed
Hess A : The fine structure of young and old spinal ganglia. Anat Rec 123 : 399-423, 1955.
 
Hess A : Developmental changes in the structure of the synapse on the my elinated cell bodies of the chicken ciliary ganglion. J Cell Biol 25 : 1-19, 1965.
 
Hess A and Lansing AI : The fine structure of peripheral nerve fibers. Anat Rec 117 : 175-200, 1953.
PubMed
Hess A and Young JZ : Correlation of internodal length and fibre diameter in the central nervous system. Nature 164 : 490-491, 1949.
 
Hild W : Myelogenesis in cultures of mammalian central nervous tissue. Z Zellforsch 46 : 71-95, 1957.
PubMed
Hildebrand C : Ultrastructural and light-microscopic studies of the nodal region on large myelinated fibers of the adult feline spinal cord white matter. Acta Physiol Scand, Suppl 364 : 43-80, 1971.
PubMed
Hildebrand C : Ultrastructural and light microscopic studies of the developing feline spinal cord white matter. I. The nodes of Ranvier. Acta Physiol Scand, Suppl 364 : 81-107, 1971.
PubMed
Hildebrand C : Ultrastructural and light microscopic studies of the developing feline spinal cord white matter : II. Cell death and myelin sheath disintegration in the early postnatal period. Acta Physiol Scand, Suppl 364 : 109-144, 1971.
PubMed
Hildebrand C : Evidence for a correlation between myelin period and number of myelin lamellae in fibers of the feline spinal cord white mater. J Neurocytol 1 : 223-232, 1972.
 
Himango WA and Low FN : The fine structure of a lateral recess of the subarachnoid space in the rat. Anat Rec 171 : 1-20, 1971.
PubMed
Hinds JW : Early neuron differentiation in the mouse olfactory bulb. II. Electron microscopy. J Comp Neural 146 : 253-276, 1972.
 
Hinds JW and Hinds PL : Reconstruction of dendritic growth cones in neonatal mouse olfactory bulb. J Neurocytol 1 : 169-187, 1972.
PubMed
Hirano A : A confirmation of the oligodendroglial origin of myelin in the adult rat. J Cell Biol 38 : 637-640, 1968.
 
Hirano A : The pathology of the central myelinated axon. In : The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue, Vol V. Ed by GH Bourne. Academic Press, New York, pp. 73-162, 1972.
 
Hirano A : Review of the morphological aspects of remyelination. Dev Neurosci 11 : 112-117, 1989.
PubMed
Hirano A, Becker NH and Zimmerman HM : Isolation of the periaxonal space of the central myelinated uber with regard to diffusion of peroxidase. J Histochem Cytochem 17 : 512-516, 1969.
 
Hirano A and Dembitzer HM : A structural analysis of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. J Cell Biol 34 : 555-567, 1967.
PubMed
Hirano A and Dembitzer HM : The transverse bands as a means of access to the periaxonal space of the central myelinated nerve uber. J Ultrastruct Res 28 : 141-149, 1969.
 
Hirano A and Dembitzer HM : Morphology of normal central myelinated axons. In : Physiology and Pathobiology of Axons. Ed by SG Waxman. Raven Press, New York, pp. 65-82, 1978.
 
Hirano A, Dembitzer HM, Becker NH and Zimmer man HM : The distribution of peroxidase in the triethyltin-intoxicated rat brain. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 28 : 507-511, 1964.
 
Hirano A, Zimmerman HM and Levine S : The fine structure of cerebral fluid accumulation. III. Extracellular spread of cryptococcal polysaccharide in the acute stage. Amer J Pathol 45 : 1-19, 1964.
 
Hirano A, Zimmerman HM and Levine 5 : Myelin in the central nervous system as observed in experimentally induced edema in the rat. J Cell Biol 31 : 397-411, 1966.
 
Hirano A, Zimmerman HM and Levine S : Intramyelinic and extracellular spaces in triethyltin intoxication. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 27 : 571-580, 1968.
 
Hirata Y : Some observations on the fine structure of synapses in the olfactory bulb of the mouse with particular reference to the atypical synaptic configurations. Arch Histol Jap 24 : 303-317, 1964.
 
His W : Zur Geschichte des menschlichen Ruckenmarks and der Nervenwurzeln. Abh kgl sachs Ges. Wiss math-phys Kl 13 : 147-209 u 477-513, 1886.
 
His W : Die Entwicklung der ersten Nervenbahnen beim menschlichen Embryo. Ubersichliche Dar stellung. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abth 92 : 368-378, 1887.
 
His W : Zur Geschichte des Gehirns sowie der centralen and peripherischen Nervenbahnen beim menschlichen Embryo. Abh kgl sachs Ges Wiss math-phys Kl 24 : 339-392, 1888.
 
His W : Die Neuroblasten and deren Entstehung im embryonalen Mark. Abh kgl sachs Ges Wiss math-phys Kl 15 : 311-372, 1889.
 
His W : Die Formentwicklung des menschlichen Vorderhirns vom Ende des ersten his zum Beginn des dritten Monats. Abh kgl sachs Ges Wiss math-phys Kl 15 : 673-736, 1889.
 
His W : Histogenese and Zusammenhang der Nervenelemente. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abt (Suppl) 95 : 95-119, 1890.
 
Hiscoe HB : Distribution of nodes and incisures in normal and regenerated nerve fibers. Anat Rec 99 : 447-476, 1947.
PubMed
Hogan EL and Greenfield S : Animal models of genetic disorders of myelin. In : Myelin. Ed by P Morell. Plenum, New York, 2nd edit, pp. 489-534, 1984.
 
Holland GR : The extent of axonal exposure and axo-axonal apposition in the non-myelinated fibres of peripheral nerve trunks and their dependence on buffer molarity. J Anat 134 : 255-263, 1982.
PubMed
Holz A and Weber W : Periodische auftretende Querstrukturen in Nervenfasern des Bulbus olfactorius des Elritze, Phoxinus luevis. Experientia 26 : 1349-1350, 1970.
 
本陣良平 : 中枢神経系における有髄神経線維の電子顕微鏡的研究. 解剖誌 34 : 43-44, 1959.
 
Honjin R and Changus GW : Electron microscopy of nerve fibers. VIII. Again on the radial component in the myelin sheath. Folia anat jap 39 : 251-261, 1964.
 
Honjin R, Kosaka T, Takano I and Hiramatsu K : Electron microscopy of nerve fibers. VII. On the electron dense radial component in the laminated myelin sheath. Folia anat jap 39 : 39-53, 1963.
 
Hyden H : The Neurone. In : The Cell Biochemistry, Physiology and Morphology. Ed by Brachet J and Missky AE. Vol 4, pp. 215-324, Acad Press, New York, 1960.
 
Itoyama Y, Webster H deF, Richardson EP jr and Trapp BD : Schwann cell remyelination of demyelinated axons in spinal cord multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol 14 : 339 346, 1983.
 
Jacobs JM : Penetration of systemically injected horseradish peroxidase into ganglia and nerves of the autonomic nervous system. J Neurocytol 6 : 607-618, 1977.
PubMed
Jacobson S : Dimensions of the dendritic spine in the sensorimotor cortex of the rat, cat, squirrel monkey and man. J Comp Neural 129 : 49-58, 1967.
 
Jakob A : Uber die feinere Histologic der sekundaren Faserdegeneration in der weissen Substanz des Ruckenmarks (mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Abbauvorgange). In : Histologische und histopathologische Arbeiten uber die Grosshirnrinde. Ed by F Nissl and A Alzheimer. Fischer, Jena, Vol V pp. 1-181, 1912/1913.
 
Jaros E and Bradley WG : Atypical axon-Schwann cell relationship in the common peroneal nerve of the dystrophic mouse : An ultractructural study. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 5 : 133-147, 1979.
 
Jessen KR and Mirsky R : Nonmyelin-forming Schwann cells coexpress surface proteins and intermediate filaments not found in myelin-forming cells : a study of Ran-2, A5E3 antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein. J Neurocytol 13 : 923-934, 1984.
PubMed
Johnston MC, Bhakdinaronk A and Reid YC : An expanded role of the neural crest in oral and pharyngeal development. In : Fourth Symposium on Oral Sensation and Perception. Ed by JF Bosma. U. S. Government Printing Office. Washington DC, pp. 37-52, 1972.
 
Johnston MC and Listgarten MA : The migration, interaction and early differentiation of oro-facial tissues. In : Developmental Aspects of Oral Biology. Ed by HS Slavkin and LA Bavetta. Academic Press, New York, pp. 55-80, 1972.
 
Jones EG and Powell TPS : Morphological variations in the dendritic spines of the neocortex. J Cell Sci 5 : 509-529, 1969.
 
Jordan C, Friedrich V jr and Dubois-Dalcq M : In situ hybridization analysis of myelin gene transcripts in developing mouse spinal cord. J Neurosci 9 : 248-257, 1989.
PubMed
Kaiserman-Abramof IR and Peters A : Some aspects of the morphology of Betz cells in the cerebral cortex of the cat. Brain Res 43 : 527-546, 1972.
PubMed
Katsumaru H, Murakami F and Tsukahara N : Actin filaments in dendritic spines of red nucleus neurons demonstrated by immunoferritin localization and heavy meromyosin binding. Biomed Res 3 : 337-340, 1982.
 
Kerjaschki D and Stockinger L : Zur Struktur und Funktion des Perineuriums. Z Zellforsch 110 : 386-400, 1970.
PubMed
Key AH and Retzius G : Studien in der Anatomie des Nervensystems. Arch Mikr Anat 9 : 308-386, 1873.
 
Key AH and Retzius G : Studien in der Anatomie des Nervensystems and des Bindegewebes. Samson & Wallin, Stockholm, 1876.
 
Keynes RD : Evidence for structural changes during nerve activity and their relation to the conduction mechanism. In : The Neurosciences. Second Study Program. Ed by FO Schmitt. The Rockefeller Univ Press, New York, pp. 707-714, 1970.
 
Kidd GJ and Heath JW : Double myelination of axons in the sympathetic nervous system of the mouse. I. Ultrastructural features and distribution. J Neurocytol 17 : 245 261, 1988.
 
Kidd GJ and Heath JW : Double myelination of axons in the sympathetic nervous system of the mouse. II. Mechanisms of formation. J Neurocytol 17 : 263 276, 1988.
 
Kimura M, Inoko H, Katsuki M, Ando A, Sato T, Hirose T, Takashima T, Inayama S, Okano H, Takamatsu K. Mikoshiba K. Tsukada Y and Watanabe I : Molecular genetic analysis of myelin-deficient mice : Shiverer mutant mice show deletion in gene(s) coding for myelin basic protein. J Nearochem 44 : 692-696, 1985.
 
Kimura M, Sato M, Akatsuka A, Nozawa-Kimura S, Takahashi R, Yokoyama M, Nomura T and Katsuki M : Restoration of myelin formation by a single type of myelin basic protein in transgenic shiverer mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 : 5661-5665, 1989.
PubMed
Kirschner DA, Ganser AL and Caspar DLD : Diffraction studies of molecular organization and membrane interactions in myelin. In : Myelin. Ed by P Morell. 2nd ed. Plenum, New York, pp. 51-91, 1984.
 
Klemm H : Das Perineurium als Diffusionsbarriere gegenuber Peroxydase bei epi- und endoneuraler Applikation. Z Zellforsch 108 : 431-445, 1970.
PubMed
Knobler RL and Stenipak JG : Serial section analysis of myelin development in the central nervous system of the albino rat : an electron microscopical study of early axonal ensheathment. In : Progress in Brain Research. Vol 40 Neurobiological Aspects of Maturation and Aging. Ed by DH Ford. Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, pp. 407-423, 1973.
 
Knobler RL, Stempak JG and Laurencin M : Oligodendroglial ensheathment of axons during myelination in the developing rat central nervous system. A serial section electron microscopical study. J Ultrastruct Res 49 : 34-49, 1974.
PubMed
Koch C, Zador A and Brown TH : Dendritic spines : convergence of theory and experiment. Science 256 : 973-974, 1992.
 
Koelliker RA : Die Selbstgndigkeit and Abhangigkeit des sympathischen Nervensystems durch anatomische Beobachtungen beweisen. Ein akademisches Programm, 540. Meyer u. Zeller, Zurich, 1844.
 
Koelliker RA : Neurologische Bemerkungen. Z Wiss Zool 1 : 135-163, 1848.
 
Koelliker RA : Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen. Engelmann, Leipzig, 1852.
 
Koelliker RA : Histologische Studien an Batrachierlarven. Z Wiss Zool 43 : 1-40, 1886.
 
Koelliker RA : Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen. Bd 2. Nervensystem des Menschen and der Thiere. W Engelmann, Leipzig, 2. Aufl. 1896.
 
Kohno, K : Neurotubules contained within the dendrite and axon of Purkinje cell of frog. Bull Tokyo Med Dental Univ 11 : 411-442, 1964.
 
Kojima T, Saito K and Kakimi S : Electron microscopic quantitative observations on the neuron and the terminal boutons contacted with it in the ventrolateral part of the anterior horn (C6-7) of the adult cat. Folia anat jap 49 : 175-226, 1972.
 
Koling A, Rask-Andersen H and Deuschl H : A freeze-fracture study of receptor axons and Schwann cells in the human olfactory mucosa. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 102 : 494-499, 1986.
PubMed
Konat G, Trojanowska M, Gantt G and Hogan EL : Expression of myelin protein genes in quaking mouse brain. J Neurosci Res 20 : 19-22, 1988.
 
Kosaka T : Ruffted cell : A new type neuron with a distinctive initial unmyelinated portion of the axon in the olfactory bulb of the goldfish (Carassius auratus). II. Fine structure of the ruffed cell. J Comp Neurol 193 : 119-145, 1980.
 
Kosaka T and Hama K : Ruffted cell : A new type neuron with a distinctive initial unmyelinated portion of the axon in the olfactory bulb of the goldfish (Carassius auratus). I. Golgi impregnation and serial thin sectioning studies. J Comp Neurol 186 : 301-320, 1979.
PubMed
Koziol JA and Tuckwell HC : Analysis and estimation of synaptic densities and their spatial variation on the motoneuron surface. Brain Res 150 : 617-624, 1978.
PubMed
Kraus-Ruppert R, Laissue J, Burki H and Odartchenko N : Proliferation and turnover of glial cells in the forebrain of young adult mice as studied by repeated injections of 3H-thymidine over a prolonged period of time. J Comp Neurol 148 : 211-216, 1973.
 
Krigman MR and Hogan EL : Undernutrition in the developing rat : Effect upon myelination. Brain Res 107 : 239-255, 1976.
PubMed
Krishman N and Singer M : Penetration of peroxidase into peripheral nerve fibers. Amer J Anat 136 : 1-14, 1973.
 
Kristensson K : Transport of fluorescent protein tracer in peripheral nerves. Acts Neuropathol 16 : 293-300, 1970.
 
Kristensson K and Olsson Y : The perineurium as a diffusion barrier to protein tracers, Differences between mature and immature animals. Acta Neuropathol 17 : 127-138, 1971.
PubMed
Kristensson K and Olsson Y : Diffusion pathways and retrograde axonal transport of protein tracers is peripheral nerves. In : Progress in Neurobiology. Ed by GA Kerkut and JW Phillis. Pergamon Press, Vol 1, Part 2, pp. 85-109, 1973.
 
Kristensson K, Zeller NK, Dubois-Dacq ME and Lazzarini RA : Expression of myelin basic protein gene in the developing rat brain as revealed by in situ hybridization. J Histochem 34 : 476-473, 1986.
 
Kristol C, Sandri C and Akert K : Intramembranous particles at the nodes of Ranvier of the cat spinal cord : a morphometric study. Brain Res 142 : 391-400, 1978.
PubMed
Kruger L and Maxwell DS : Electron microscopy of oligodendrocytes in normal rat cerebrum. Amer J Anat 118 : 411-435, 1966.
PubMed
Kruger L, Stolinsky C, Martin BGH and Gross MB : Membrane specializations and cytoplasmic channels of Schwann cells in mammalian peripheral nerve as seen in freeze-fracture replicas. J Comp Neurol 186 : 571-602, 1979.
 
Kuhne W and Chittenden RH : Uber das Neurokeratin. Z Biol 26 : 291-323, 1890.
 
Kultschizky N : Uber Farbung der markhaltigen Nervenfasern in den Schnitten des Zentralnervensystems mit Hamatoxylin and Karmin. Anat Anz 5 : 519-584, 1890.
 
Laatsch RH and Cowan WM : Electron microscope studies of the dentate gyros of the rat. I. Normal structure with reference to synaptic organization. J Comp Neurol 128 : 359-396, 1966.
 
Laatsch RH and Cowan WM : A structural specialization at nodes of Ranvier in the central nervous system. Nature 210 : 757-758, 1966.
PubMed
Lai C, Brow MA, Nave K-R, Noronha AB, Quarles RH, Bloom FE, Miller RJ and Sutcliffe JG : Two forms of 1B236/myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a cell adhesion molecule for postnatal neural development, are produced by alternative splicing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 4337-4341, 1987.
 
Lai M and Lewis PD : Effects of undernutrition on myelination in rat corpus callosum. J Comp Neurol 193 : 973-982, 1980.
PubMed
Lai M, Lewis PD and Patel AJ : Effects of undernutrition on gliogenesis and glial maturation in rat corpus callosum. J Comp Neurol 193 : 965-972, 1980.
PubMed
Laidlaw GF : Silver staining of the skin and of its tumors. Amer J Pathol 5 : 239-248, 1929.
 
Laidlaw GF : Silver staining of the endoneural fibers of the cerebrospinal nerves. Amer J Pathol 6 : 435-444, 1930.
 
Lampert PW : Demyelination and remyelination in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 24 : 371-385, 1965.
 
Lampert PW : Comparative electron microscopic study of reactive, degenerating, regenerating and distrophic axons. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 26 : 345-368, 1967.
 
Landis DMD and Reese TS : Cytoplasmic organization in cerebellar dendritic spines. J Cell Biol 97 : 1169-1178, 1983.
 
Landon DN : The Peripheral Nerve. Chapman & Hall, London, 1976.
 
Landon DN and Hall S : The myelinated nerve uber. In : The Peripheral Nerve. Ed by DN Landon. Chapnian & Hall, London, pp. 1-105, 1976.
 
Landon DN and Langley OK : The local chemical environment of nodes of Ranvier : a study of cation binding. J Anal 108 : 419-432, 1971.
 
Landon DN and Williams PL : Ultrastructure of the node of Ranvier. Nature 199 : 575-577, 1963.
PubMed
Langley OK and Landon DN : A light and electron histochemical approach to the node of Ranvier and myelin of peripheral nerve fibres. J Histochem Cytochem 15 : 722-731, 1968.
 
Lanterman AJ : Uber den feineren Bau der markhaltigen Nervenfasern. Arch mikr Anat Entwickl-gesch 13 : 1-8, 1877.
 
Larson DL, Rodin AE, Robertson DK, O'Steen WK, Rapperport AS and Lewis SR : Perineural lymphatics : Myth or fact. Amer J Surg 112 : 488-492, 1966.
PubMed
Lascelles RG and Thomas PK : Changes due to age in internodal length in the sural nerve in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 29 : 40-44, 1966.
 
Lassmann H. Vass K, Brunner C and Wisniewski HM : Peripheral nervous system lesions in experimental allergic encephalomyelintis. Ultrastructural distribution of T-cells and Ia-antigen. Acta Neuropathol 69 : 193-204, 1986.
PubMed
Latker CH, Lynch KJ, Shinowara NL and Rapoport SI : Vesicular profiles in frog perineurial cells preserved by rapid freezing and freeze substitution. Brain Res 345 : 170-175. 1985.
PubMed
Le Beaux YJ and Willemot J : An ultrastructural study of the microfilaments in rat brain by means of E-PTA staining and heavy meromyosin labeling II. The synapses. Cell Tissue Res 160 : 37-68, 1975.
 
Le Douarin N : The Neural Crest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982.
 
Lees MB and Brostoff SW : Proteins of myelin. In : Myelin. Ed by P Morell. 2nd ed, Plenum, New York, pp. 197-217, 1984.
 
Leeuwenhoek A van : Letter written to publisher, concerning observations by him made of carneous fibers of a muscle and the cortical and medullar part of the brain. Phil Trans Roy Soc, London 136 : 899, 1677.
 
Leeuwenhoek A van : An abstract of a letter from Mr. Anthony Leeuwenhoek. Fellow of The Royal Society, concerning the part of brain of several animals. Phil Trans Roy Soc, London 15 : 883-895, 1685.
 
Leeuwenhoek A van : Send-brieven, zoo aan de Hoog-edele Heeren van de Koninklyke Societeit to London, als aan andere Aansienelyke en Geleerde Lieden. Beman, Delft, 1718.
 
Leeuwenhoek A van : Epistolae physiologicae super compluribus naturae arcanis. Beman, Delft, 1719.
 
Leeuwenhoek A van : The select works ; containing his microscopical discoveries in many works of nature. Transl from Dutch and Latin. Ed by S Hoole. Fry, London (Vol 1) 1798, and Philantropic Society, London (Vol 2) 1807.
 
Lehmann HJ : Die Nervenfaser. In : Handbuch der Mikroskopischen Anatomic des Menschen. Bd IV, Teil 4, Herausgeg von W. Bargmann, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, S 515-701, 1959.
 
Lemke G : Unwrapping the myelin genes. Neuron 1 : 535-543, 1988.
PubMed
Lemke G : Myelin and myelination. In : An Introduction to Melecular Neurobiology. Ed by ZW Hall. Sinauer Associates Inc Publ, Sunderland, Mass. pp 281-309, 1992.
 
Lemke G and Axel R : Isolation and sequence of a cDNA encoding the major structural protein of peripheral nerve. Cell 40 : 501-508, 1985.
PubMed
Lieberman AR : The connective tissue elements of the mammalian nodose ganglion. An electron microscope study. Z Zellforsch 89 : 95-111, 1968.
PubMed
Lieherman AR : Microtubule associated smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the frog's brain. Z Zellforsch 116 : 564-577, 1971.
 
Lieberman AR : Sensory ganglia. In : The Peripheral Nerve. Ed by DN Landon. Chapman and Hall, London. pp. 188-278, 1976.
 
Liebreich O : Uber die chemische Beschaffenheit der Gehirnsubstanz. Annal der Chemie u Pharmacie 134 : 29-44, 1865.
 
Lindsey JD and Ellisman MH : The neuronal endomembrane system : I. Direct links between rough endoplasmic reticulum and the cis element of the Golgi apparatus. J Neurosci 5 : 3111-3123, 1985.
PubMed
Lindsey JD and Ellisman MH : The neuronal endomembrane system : III. The origins of the axoplasmic reticulum and discrete axonal cisterne at the axon hillock. J Neurosci 5 : 3135-3144, 1985.
 
Linell EA and Tom MI : The postnatal development of the oligodendroglia cell in the brain of the white rat and the possible role of this cell in myelogenesis. Anat Rec 48 : Suppl 27, 1931.
 
Livingston RB, Pfenninger K, Moor H and Akert K : Specialized paranodal and interparanodal glial-axonal junctions in peripheral and central nervous system : a freeze-etching study. Brain Res 58 : 1-24, 1973.
 
Lloyd DPC : Conduction and synaptic transmission of reflex response to stretch in spinal cats. J Neurophysiol 6 : 317-326, 1943.
 
Lubinska L : "Intercalated" internodes in nerve fibers. Nature 181 : 957-958, 1958.
PubMed
Lubinska L : Sedentary and migratory states of Schwann cells. Exper Cell Res (Suppl) 8 : 74-90, 1961.
 
Luft LH : Ruthenium red and violet. Anat Rec 171 : 369-415, 1971.
 
Lundborg G : Mechanical effects on circulation and nerve function. In : Posttraumatic Nerve Regeneration. Ed by A Gorio, H Mellesi and S Mingerino. Raven Press, New York, pp. 157-158, 1981.
 
Lose SA : Formation of myelin in CNS of mice and rabbits with electron microscopy. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2 : 777-784, 1956.
 
MacKenzie ML, Ghabriel MN and Allt G : Nodes of Ranvier and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures : an in vivo lanthanum tracer study. J Neurocytol 13 : 1043-1055, 1984.
 
Madrid RE, Jaros E, Cullen MJ and Bradley WG : Genetically determined defect of Schwann cell basement membrane in dystrophic mouse. Nature 257 : 319-321, 1975.
PubMed
Malloy JJ and Low FN : Scanning electron microscopy of the subarachnoid space in the dog. II. Spinal nerve exits. J Comp Neurol 157 : 87-107, 1974.
PubMed
Malmgren LT and Brink JJ : Permeability barriers to cytochrome-C in nerves of adult and immature rats. Anat Rec 181 : 755-766, 1975.
PubMed
Mannen H : "Noyau ferme" et "noyau ouvert". Contribution a l'etude cytoarchitectonique du tronc cerebral envisagee du point de vue du mode d'arborisation dendritique. Arch ital Biol 98 : 333-350, 1960.
 
Mannen H : Arborisations dendritiques. Etude topographique et quantitative dans le noyou vestibulaire du chat. Arch ital Biol 103 : 197-219, 1965.
PubMed
Mannen H : Contribution to the morphological study of dendritic arborization in the brain stein. Prag. Brain Res 21A : 131-162. 1966.
 
萬年甫 : 神経学の源流 (2) カハールとともに, 東大出版会, 東京, 1969. (「ラモニ・カハール」と改題して増補. 1992)
 
Marcarian HQ and Smith RD : An quantitative study on the vasa nervorum in the altar nerve of cats. Anat Rec 161 : 105-110, 1968.
 
Marchesani O : Die Morphologie der Glia im Nervus opticus and in der Retina, dargestellt nach den neuesten Untersuchungsmethoden and Untersuchungs-ergebnissen. I. Mitteilung. Graefes Arch Ophthalmol 117 : 575-605, 1926.
 
Marchi V e Algieri G : Sulla degenerazioni discendenti consecutive a lesioni sperimentali in diverse zone delta corteccia cerebrate. Riv Sper Freniatria Med Legal 11 : 492-494, 1885, 12 : 208-252, 1886.
 
Markus EJ and Petit TL : Synaptic structural plasticity : Role of synaptic shape. Synapse 3 : 1-11, 1989.
PubMed
Martin-Padilla M : Number and distribution of the apical dendritic spines of the layer V pyramidal cells in man. J Comp Neurol 131 : 475-490, 1967.
 
Martin-Padilla M : Structural organization of the cerebral cortex (motor area) in human chromosomal aberrations. A Golgi study. LD1 (13-15) trisomy, Patau syndrome. Brain Res 66 : 375-391, 1974.
 
Martin-Padilla M : Pyramidal cell abnormalities in the motor cortex of a child with Down's syndrome : a Golgi study. J Comp Neurol 167 : 63-82, 1976.
 
Martin JR and Webster H deF : Mitotic Schwann cells in developing nerve : their changes in shape, fine structure and axon relationships. Dev Biol 32 : 417-431, 1973.
 
Martini R and Schachner M : Immuno electron microscopic localization of neural cell adhesion molecules (L1, N-CAM and MAG) and their shared carbohydrate epitope and myelin basic protein in developing sciatic nerve. J Cell Biol 103 : 2439-2448, 1986.
 
Mathieu AM and Colonnier M : Electron microscopic observations in the molecular layer of the cat cerebellar cortex after section of the parallel fibers. Anat Rec (Abstract) 160 : 391, 1968.
 
Matthews MA : An electron microscopic study of the relationship between axon diameter and the imitiation of myelin production in the peripheral nervous system. Anat Rec 161 : 337-351, 1968.
 
Matthews MA and Duncan D : A quantitative study of the morphological changes accompanying the initiation and progress of myelin production in the dorsal funiculus of the rat spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 142 : 1-22, 1971.
 
Maturana HR : The fine anatomy of the optic nerve of Anurans-An electron microscopic study. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 7 : 107-120, 1960.
PubMed
Matus A, Ackermann M, Pehling G, Byers HR and Fujiwara K : High actin concentration in brain dendritic spine and postsynaptic densities. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 79 : 7590-7594, 1982.
PubMed
Maxwell DS, Kruger L and Pineda A : The trigeminal nerve root with special reference to the central-peripheral transition zone : an electron microscope study in the Macaque. Anat Rec 164 : 113-126, 1969.
 
McDonald WJ and Ohlrich GD : Quantitative anatomical measurements on simple isolated fibers from the cat spinal cord. J Anat 110 : 191-202, 1971.
 
McIntosh JR : Bridges between microtubules. J Cell Biol 61 : 166-187, 1974.
PubMed
Meier C and Bischoff A : Oligodendroglial cell development in jimpy mice and controls, and electron- microscopic study in optic nerve. J Neurol Sci 26 : 5517-5528, 1975.
 
Meinecke DL and Webster H deF : Fine structure of dividing astroglia and oligodendroglia during myelin formation in the developing mouse spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 222 : 47-55, 1984.
 
Metuzals J : Ultrastructure of myelinated nerve fibers in the central nervous system of the frog. J Ultrastruct Res 8 : 30-47, 1963.
PubMed
Michelson AM, Russel ES and Harman PJ : Dystrophic muscularis : A hereditary primary myopathy in the house mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 61 : 1079-1084, 1985.
 
Miller BG, Woods RI, Bohlen HG and Evan AP : A new morphologieal procedure for viewing microvessels a scanning electron microscopic study of the vasculature of small intestine. Anat Rec 203 : 493-503, 1982.
PubMed
Mirsky R, Winter J, Abney ER, Pruss RM, Gavrilovic J and Raff MC : Myelin-specific proteins and glycolipids in rat Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in culture. J Cell Biol 84 : 483-494, 1980.
PubMed
Monge M, Kadiiski D, Jacque CM and Zalc B : Oligodendroglial expression and deposition of four major myelin constituents in the myelin sheath during development. An in vivo study. Dev Neurosci 8 : 222-235, 1986.
 
Morales R and Duncan D : Multilamiated bodies and other on usual configurations of endoplasmic reticulum in the cerebellum of the cat. An electron microscopic study. J Ultrastruct Res 15 : 480-489, 1966.
 
Morell P, Quarles RH and Norton WT : Formation, structure, and biochemistry of myelin. In : Basic Neurochemistry : Moxecular Cellular, and Medical Aspects. 4th Ed. Ed by GJ Sieggel. Raven Press, New York, pp. 109-136, 1989.
 
Morest DK : The growth of dendrites in the mammalian brain. Z Anat Entw-gesch 128 : 290-317, 1969.
 
Morest DK : The differentiation of cerebral dendrites : a study of the post-migratory neuroblast in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. Z Anat Entw-gesch 133 : 216-246, 1969.
 
Morris JH, Hudson AR and Weddell G : A study of degereration and regeneration in the divided rat sciatic nerve based on electron microscopy. IV. Changes in fascicular microtopography, perineurium and endoneurial fibroblasts. Z Zellforsch 124 : 165-203, 1972.
 
Morrison LR : The role of oligodendroglia in myelinogenesis. Trans Amer Neurol Assoc 57 : 444-450, 1931.
 
Mugnaini E, Kirsten KO, Schnapp B and Friedrich VL jr : Distribution of Schwann cell cytoplasm and plasmalemmal vesicles (caveolae) in peripheral myelin sheaths. An electron microscopic study with thin sections and freez furacturing. J Neurocytol 6 : 647-668, 1977.
 
Mugnaini E, Osen KR, Schnapp B and Friedrich VL : Distribution of Schwann cell cytoplasm and plasmalemmal vesicles (caveolae) in periplaeral myelin sheaths. An electron microscopic study with thin sections and freeze-fracturing. J Neurocytol 6 : 647-668, 1977.
 
Mugnaini E and Schnapp B : Possible role of zonula occludens of the myelin sheath in demyelinating conditions. Nature 251 : 725-727, 1974.
PubMed
Muller W and O'Connor JA : Dendritic spines as individual neuronal compartments of synaptic Ca2+ responses. Science 354 : 73-76, 1991.
 
Mungai JM : Dendritic patterns in the somatic sensory cortex of the cat. J Anat (Lond) 101 : 403-418, 1967.
 
Murray MR : Factors bearing on myelin formation in vitro. The biology of myelin. Prog Neurobiol 4 : 201-221, 1959.
 
Murray MR : Nervous tissue in vitro. In : Cells and Tissues in Culture. Ed by ED Wilmer. Academic Press, New York, 1965.
 
Nagara H and Suzuki K : Radial component of central myelin in normal and quaking mice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 7 : 151-160, 1981.
PubMed
Nageotte J : Let etranglements de Ranvier et les espaces interannulaires des fibres nerveuses a myeline. C R Ass Anat 12 : 30-45, 1910.
 
Nageotte J : Seaths of the peripheral nerves. Nerve degeneration and regeneration. In : Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System. Ed by W Penfield. Vol 1, PB Hoeber, New York, pp. 189-239, 1932.
 
Napolitano LM and Scallen TJ : Observations on the fine structure of peripheral nerve myelin. Anat Rec 163 : 1-6, 1969.
PubMed
Napper RMA and Harvey R-J : Quantitative study of the Purkinje cell dendritic spines in the rat cerebellum. J Comp Neurol 274 : 158-167, 1988.
 
Nave K-A, Lai C, Bloom FE and Milner RJ : Jimpy mutant mouse : A 74 base deletion in the mRNA for myelin proteolipid protein and evidence for a primary defect in RNA splicing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 : 9264-9268, 1986.
 
Nemiloff A : Uber die Beziehung der sog. 'Zellen der Schwannschen Scheide' zum Myelin in den Nervenfasern von Saugetieren. Arch Mikr Anat Entw-gesch 76 : 329-348, 1910/11.
 
Newman S, Kitamura K and Campagnoni AT : Identification of a cDNA coding for a fifth form of myelin basic protein in mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 886-890, 1987.
PubMed
Norton WT : Biochemistry of myelin. Adv Neurol 31 : 93-121, 1981.
PubMed
Norton WT : Recent advances in myelin biochemistry. Ann NY Acad Sci 436 : 5-10, 1984.
PubMed
Norton WT and Cammer W : Isolation and characterization of myelin. In : Myelin. Ed by P Morell. Plenum, New York, pp. 147-180, 1984.
 
Norton WT and Poduslo SE : Myelination in rat brain : Changes in myelin composition during brain maturation. J Neurochem 21 : 759-773, 1973.
PubMed
Ochoa J : The sural nerve of the human fetus : electron microscope observations and counts of axons. J Anat 108 : 231-245, 1971.
PubMed
Ochoa J : Microscopic anatomy of unmyelinated nerve fibers. In : Peripheral Neuropathy. Vol I. Ed by PJ Dyck, PK Thomas and Eli Lambert. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 131-150, 1975.
 
Ochoa J : The unmyelinated nerve fiber. In : The Peripheral Nerve. Ed by DN Landon. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 106-158, 1976.
 
Ochoa J and Mair WGP : The normal sural nerve in man. I. Ultrastructure of numbers of fibers and cells. Acta Neuropathol 13 : 197-216, 1969.
 
Ohara S, Takahashi H and Ikuta F : Specialized contacts of endoneurial fibroblasts with macrophages in Wallerian degeneration. J Anat 148 : 77-85, 1986.
PubMed
Okada E, Mizuhira V and Nakamura H Dysmyelination in the sciatic nerves of dystrophic mice. J Neurol Sci 28 : 505-520, 1976.
PubMed
Oldfield BJ and Bray GM : Differentiation of the nodal and internodal axolemma in the optic nerves of neonatal rats. J Neurocytol 11 : 627-640, 1982.
PubMed
Oldfors A : Macrophages in peripheral nerves. An ultrastructural and enzyme histochemical study on rats. Acta Neuropathol 49 : 43-49, 1980.
 
Oldfors A : Permeability of the perineurium of small nerve fascicles : an ultrastructural study using ferritin in rats. Neuropathol Appl Neuro biol 7 : 183-194, 1981.
 
Oldfors A and Johansson BR : Barrier and transport properties of the perineurium. An ultrastructural study with 125I-labeled albumin and HRP in normal and protein-deprived rats. Acta Neuropathol 47 : 139-143, 1979.
 
Oldfors A and Sourander P : Barriers of peripheral nerve towards exogenous peroxidase in normal and protein deprived rats. Acta Neuropathol 43 : 129-134, 1978.
PubMed
Olsson Y : Topographical differences in the vascular perimeability of the peripheral nervous system. Acta Neuropathol 10 : 26-33, 1968.
PubMed
Olsson Y : Studies on vascular perimeability in peripheral nerves. IV. Distribution of intravenously injected protein tracers in the peripheral nervous system of various species. Acta Neuropathol 17 : 114-126, 1971.
PubMed
Olsson Y, Holmdahl R, Klareskog L, Forsum L and Kristensson K : Dynamics of la-expressing cells and T-lymphocytes of different subsets during experimental allergic neuritis in the Lewis rat. J Neurosci Sci 66 : 141-149, 1984.
 
Olsson Y and Reese TS : Permeability of vasa nervorum and perineurium in mouse sciatic nerve studied by fluorescence and electron microscopy. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 30 : 105-119, 1971.
 
Omlin FX, Webster H deF, Palkovitz CG and Cohen SR : Immunocytochemical localization of basic protein in major dense line regions of central and peripheral myelin. J Cell Biol 95 : 242-248, 1982.
 
Osawa T and Ide C : Changes in thickness of collagen fibrils in the endo- and epineurium of the mouse sciatic nerve during development. Acta Anat 125 : 245-251, 1986.
PubMed
Owsjannikow P : Bull Acad St. Petersbourg 7 : 58, 1864 (Koelliker 1896から引用).
 
Pal J : Ein Beitrag zur Nervenfarbetechnik. Med Jahrb 619-631, 1886.
 
Pal J : Notiz zur Nervenfarbung. Med Jahrb 589, 1887.
 
Palay SL : The structural basis for neural action. In : Brain Function, Vol 2 RNA and Brain Function, Memory and Learning. Ed by MAB Brazier. Univ California Press, Berkeley, pp. 69-108, 1964.
 
Palay SL and Chan-Palay V : Cerebellar Cortex, Cytology and Organization. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1974.
 
Palay SL, Sotelo C, Peters A and Orkand PM : The axon hillock and the initial segment. J Cell Biol 38 : 193-201, 1968.
PubMed
Pannese E : Observations on the morphology, submicroscopic structure and biological properties of satellite cells (sc) in sensory ganglia of mammals. Z Zellforsch 52 : 567-597, 1960.
PubMed
Pannese E : The histogenesis of the spinal ganglia. Adv Anat Embryol 47, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1974.
 
Pannese E : The satellite cells of the sensory ganglia. Adv Anat Embryol 65, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1981.
 
Pannese E, Bianchi R, Calligaris B, Ventura R and Weibel ER : Quantitative relationships between nerve and satellite cells in spinal ganglia. An electron microscopical study. I. Mammals. Brain Res 46 : 215-234, 1972.
 
Pappas GD and Bennett MVL : Specialized junc tions involved in electrical transmission between neurons. Ann NY Acad Sci 137 : 495-508, 1966.
 
Pappas GD and Purpura DP : Fine structure of dendrites in the superficial neocortical neuropil. Exper Neurol 4 : 507-530, 1961.
 
Pappas GD and Waxman SG : Synaptic fine strut ture-morphological correlations of chemical and electronic transmission. In : Structure and Function of Synapses. Ed by GD Pappas and DP Purpura. Raven Press, New York, pp. 1-43, 1972.
 
Parnavelas JG, Lynch G, Brecha N, Cotman CW and Globus A : Spine loss and regrowth in hippocampus following deafferentation. Nature 248 : 71-73, 1974.
PubMed
Patton HD : Special properties of nerve trunks and tracts. In : TC Ruch et al Neurophysiology. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Chap 3 : pp. 66-95, 1961.
 
Penfield W : Oligodendroglia and its relation to classical neuroglia. Brain 47 : 430-452, 1924.
 
Penfield W : Neuroglia : normal and pathological. In : Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System. Ed by W Penfield. Hoeber, New York, Vol 2 pp. 421-479, 1932.
 
Peracchia C and Robertson JD : Increase in osmiophilia of axonal membranes of crayfish as a result of electrical stimulation, asphyxia, or treatment with reducing agents. J Cell Biol 51 : 223-239, 1971.
PubMed
Persson LA : Growth of nerve cell body and myelogenesis in mouse trigeminal ganglion and root : a combined cytofluorometric and morphometric study. J Neurocytol 10 : 169-182, 1981.
 
Peters A : The structure of myelin sheaths in central nervous system of Xenopus laevis (Daudin). J Biophys Biochem Cytol 7 : 121, 126, 1960.
 
Peters A : A radial component of central myelin sheaths. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 11 : 733-735, 1961.
 
Peters A : The development of peripheral nerves in Xenopus laevis. In : Electron Microscopy in Anatomy. Ed by JD Boyd, FR Johnson and JD Lever. Arnold, London, pp. 142-159, 1961.
 
Peters A : Plasma membran contacts in the central nervous system. J Anat 96 : 237-248, 1962.
 
Peters A : Further observations on the structure of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system. J Cell Biol 20 : 281-296, 1964.
PubMed
Peters A : Observations on the connexions between myelin sheaths and glial cells in the optic nerves of young rats. J Anat 98 : 125-134, 1964.
PubMed
Peters A : The node of Ranvier in the central nervous system. QJ Exper Physiol 51 : 229-236, 1966.
 
Peters A : The morphology of axons of the central nervous systems. In : The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue. Ed by GH Bourne. Academic Press, New York, Vol 1 pp. 141-186, 1968.
 
Peters A : Number of neurons and synapses in primary visual cortex. In : Cerebral Cortex, Vol 6. Further Aspects of Cortical Function, Including Hippocampus. Ed by EG Jones and A Peters. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 267-294, 1987.
 
Peters A and Kaiserman-Abramof IR : The small pyramidal neuron of the rat cerebral cortex. The synapses upon dendritic spines. Z Zellforsch 100 : 487-506, 1969.
PubMed
Peters A and Kaiserman-Abramof IR : The small pyramidal neuron of the rat cerebral cortex. The perikaryon, dendrites and spines. Amer J Anat 127 : 321-356, 1970.
PubMed
Peters A and Muir AR : The relationship between axons and Schwann cells during development of peripheral nerves in the rat. QJ Exper Physiol 44 : 117-130, 1959.
 
Peters A and Palay SL : The morphology of laminae A and A, of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body of the cat, J Anat (Land) 100 : 451-486, 1966.
 
Peters A, Palay SL and Webster H deF : The Fine Structure of the Nervous System. Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford, 1991.
 
Peters A, Proskauer CC and Kaiserman-Abramof IR : The small pyramidal neuron of the rat cerebral cortex : the axon hillock and initial segment. J Cell Blot 39 : 604-619, 1968.
 
Peters A and Vaughn JE : Morphology and development of the myelin sheath. In : Myelination. Ed by AN Davison and A Peters. CC Thomas, Springfield, III. pp. 3-79, 1970.
 
Peterson AC and Bray GM : Normal basal laminae are realized on dystrophic Schwann cells in dystrophic⇔shiverer chimera nerves. J Cell Biol 99 : 1831-1837, 1984.
 
Peterson ER and Crain SM : Reinnervation of denervated mammalian skeletal muscle in vitro. Anat Rec 160 : 408-409, 1968.
 
Peterson ER, Crain SM and Murray MR : Activities of Schwann cells during myelin formation in vitro. Anat Rec 130 : 357, 1958.
 
Peterson ER and Murray MR : Myelin sheath formation in cultures of avian spinal ganglia. Amer J Anat 96 : 319-355, 1955.
PubMed
Peterson ER and Murray MR : Patterns of peripheral demyelination in vitro. Research in demyelinating disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 122 : 39-49, 1965.
PubMed
Peterson RG and Pease DC : Myelin embeded in polymerized glutaraldehydeurea. J Ultrastruct Res 41 : 115-132, 1972.
PubMed
Peyronnard J-M, Aguayo AJ and Bray GM : Schwann cell internuclear distances in normal and regenerating unmyelinated nerve fibers. Arch Neurol 29 : 56-59, 1973.
PubMed
Phillips DD, Hibbs RG, Ellison P and Shapiro H : An electron microscopic study of central and peripheral nodes of Ranvier. J Anat 111 : 229-238, 1972.
 
Phillips RJS : Jimpy, a totally new sex-linked gene in the house mouse. Z Vererbungsl 86 : 322-326, 1954.
 
Pinching AJ : Myelinated dendritic segments in the monkey olfactory bulb. Brain Res 29 : 133-138, 1971.
PubMed
Pineda A, Maxwell DS and Kruger L : The fine structure of neurons and satellite cells in the trigeminal ganglion of cat and monkey. Amer J Anat 121 : 461-487, 1967.
 
Pinner B and Campbell JB : Alkaline phosphatase activity of incisures and nodes during degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerve fibers. Exper Neurol 12 : 159-172, 1965.
 
Plenk H : Uber argyrophile Fasern (Gitterfasern) und ihre Bildungszellen. Erg Anat Entwicklgesch 27 : 302-412, 1927.
 
Plenk H : Die Schwannsche Scheide der markhaltigen Nervenfasern. Z mikr-anat Forsch 36 : 191-214, 1934.
 
Poduslo JF, Berg CT and Dyck PJ : Schwann cell expression of a major myelin glycoprotein in the absence of myelin assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 : 1864-1866, 1984.
 
Politis MJ, Sternberger N, Ederle K and Spencer PS : Studies on the control of myelogenesis. IV. Neuronal induction of Schwann cell myelin-specific protein synthesis during nerve fiber regeneration. J Neurosci 2 : 1252-1266, 1982.
 
Pomerat CM, Hendelman WJ, Raiborn CW and Massey JF : Dynamic activities of nervous tissue in vitro. In : The Neuron. Ed by H Hyden. Elsevier Science Publ Co Inc, New York, pp. 120-178, 1967.
 
Prensky AL, Carr S and Moser HW : Development of myelin in inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism. Arch Neurol 19 : 522-558, 1968.
 
Provost JL et Dumas JBA : Sur les phenomones qui accompagnent la contraction de la fibre musculaire. J Physiol Exper Pathol, Paris 3 : 301-344, 1823.
 
Price JL and Powell TPS : The mitral and short axon cells of the olfactory bulb. J Cell Sci 7 : 631-651, 1970.
 
Privat AC. Jacque JM, Bourre P, Dupouey P and Baumann N : Absence of the major dense line in myelin of the mutant mouse "shiverer". Neurosci Lett 12 : 107-112, 1979.
 
Purkinje JE : Ueber die Struktur des Seelenorgans. Uebersicht der Arbeiten and Veranderungen der schlesischen Ges vaterl Cultur im Jahre 1836. 56, 1837 (In : Jan Ev Purkyne, Opera omnia, Purkynova Spolecnost, Prague 2 : 87-88, 1937.)
 
Purkinje JE : Neueste Beobachtungen uber die Struktur des Gehirns. Uebersicht der Arbeiten und Veranderungen der schlesischen Ges vaterl Cultur im Jahre 1837. 87-88, 1838 (In : Jan Ev Purkyne, Opera omnia, Purkynova Spolecnost, Prague 2 : 88, 1937.)
 
Purkinje JE : Beobachtungen, betreffend die innerste Struktur der Nerven. Uebersicht der Arbeiten and Veranderungen der Schlesischen Ges vaterl Curtur im Jahre 1837. 88, 1838 (In : Jan Ev Purkyne, Opera omnia, Purkyneva Spolecnost, Prague 2 : 88-89, 1937.)
 
Purkinje JE : Neueste Untersuchungen aus der Nerven- und Hirn-anatomie. Her Vers dtsch Naturf u Arzte in Prag im Sep 1837. Herausgeg von K Sternberg and JV von Krombholz. Hasse, Prague 177-180, 1838 (In : Jan Ev Purkyne, Opera omnia, Purkyneva Spolecnost, Prague 3 : 45-49, 1937.)
 
Purpura DP : Dendritic spines, "dysgenesis" and mental retardation. Science 186 : 1126-1128, 1974.
PubMed
Quarles RH : Myelin-associated glycoprotein in development and disease. Dev Neurosci 6 : 285-303, 1985.
 
Quensel W : Uber die Faserspezifitat in sensiblen Hautnerven. Pflugers Arch ges Physiol 248 : 1-20, 1944.
 
Quilliam TA and Sato M : The distribution of myelin on nerve fibres from Pacinian corpuscles. J Physiol (Lond) 129 : 167-176, 1955.
PubMed
Rabl - Ruckhard H : Sind die Ganglienzellen amoboid? Fine Hypothese zur Mechanik psychischer Vorgange. Neurol Centralbl Leipzig 9 : 199, 1890.
 
Radek A, Thomas PK and King RHM : Perineurial differentiation in interchange grafts of rat peripheral nerve and spinal root. J Anat 147 : 207-217, 1986.
 
Raine CS : Differences between the nodes of Ranvier of large and small diameter fibres in the PNS. J Neurocytol 11 : 935-947, 1982.
PubMed
Raine CS : Morphology of myelin and myelination. In : Myelin. Ed by P Morell. Plenum, New York, pp. 1-41, 1984.
 
Rakic P and Sidman RL : Sequence of developmental abnormalities leading to granule cell dificit in cerebellar cortex of weaver mutant mice. J Comp Neurol 152 : 103-132, 1973.
 
Rakic P and Sidman RL : Organization of cerebellar cortex secondary to deficit of granule cells in weaver mutant mice. J Comp Neurol 152 : 133-162, 1973.
PubMed
Rall W : Dendritic neuron theory and dendro-den dritic synapses in a simple cortical system. In : The Neurosciences : Second Study Program. Ed by FO Schmitt. Rockefeller Univ. Press, New York, pp. 175-187, 1970.
 
Rall W : Cable properties of dendrites and effects of synaptic location. In : Excitatory Synaptic Mechanisms. Ed by P Andersen and JKS Jansen. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, pp. 175-187, 1970.
 
Rall W and Rinzel J : Dendritic spine function and synaptic attenuation calculations. Abs Soc for Neurosci 1 : 64, 1971.
 
Rall W and Segev I : Synaptic integration and excitable dendritic spine clusters. Neurol Neurobiol 37 : 263-282, 1988.
 
Rall W, Shepherd GM, Reese TS and Brightman MW : Dendrodendritic synaptic pathway for inhibition in the olfactory bulb. Exper Neurol 14 : 44-56, 1966.
 
Ramon-Moliner E : A study on neuroglia. The problem of transitional forms. J Comp Neurol 110 : 157-171, 1958.
 
Ramon-Moliner E : The histology of the postcruciate gyros in the cat. I. Quantitative studies. J Comp Neurol 117 : 43-76, 1961, III. Further observations. J Comp Neurol 117 : 229-249, 1961.
 
Ramon-Moliner E : An attempt at classifying nerve cells on the basis of their dendritic patterns. J Comp Neurol 119 : 211-227, 1962.
PubMed
Ranvier L-A : Contributions a l'histologie et a la physiologic des nerfs peripheriques. Compt rend hebd Acad Sci Paris 73 : 1168-1171, 1871.
 
Ranvier L-A : Recherches sur ]'histologie systeme nerveux. Arch Physiol norm pathol 4 : 129-149, 1872.
 
Ranvier L-A : De quelque relatifs a Phistologie et la physiologic des muscles stries. Arch Physiol Norm Pathol 2 Ser 1 : 5-15, 1874.
 
Ranvier L-A : Lecons sur l'Histologie du Systeme Nerveux. F Savy, Paris, 1878.
 
Rawlins FA : A time-sequence autoradiographic study of the in vivo incorporation of (1, 2-3H) cholesterol into peripheral nerve myelin. J Cell Biol 58 : 42-53, 1973.
PubMed
Rawlins FA and Uzman BG : Effect of AY-9944, a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor on peripheral nerve myelination. Lab Invest 23 : 184-189, 1970.
PubMed
Rawlins FA and Uzman BG : Retardation of peripheral nerve myelination in mice treated with inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. A quantitative electron microscopic study. J Cell Biol 47 : 505-517, 1970.
 
Reale E, Luciano L and Spitznas M : Zonulae occludens of the myelin lamellae in the nerve fibre layer of the retina and in the optic nerve of the rabbit. A demonstration of the freeze-fracture method. J Neurocytol 4 : 131-140, 1975.
 
Reale E, Luciano L and Spitznas M : Freeze-fracture faces of the perineurial sheath of the rabbit sciatic nerve. J Neurocytol 4 : 261-270, 1975.
PubMed
Reale E, Luciano L and Spitznas M : Freeze-fracture aspects of the perineurium of spinal ganglia. J Neurocytol 5 : 385-394, 1976.
PubMed
Reich F : Uber eine neue Granulation in der Nervenzelle. Arch Anat Physiol, Physiol Abt 208-214, 1903.
 
Reich F : Uber den zelligen Aufbau der Nervenfaser auf Grund mikrohistochemischer Untersuchungen. I. Teil. Die chemischen Bestandteile des Nervenmarks, ihr mikrochemisches and farberisches Verhalten. J Psychol Neurol 8 : 244-273, 1907.
 
Reier PJ, Froelich JS, Sawchak JA and Hughes AFW : Maturation of nonmyelinated fiber bundles in a strain of dwarf (Snell's) mice. Anat Rec 178 : 103-118, 1974.
 
Remahl S and Hildebrand C : Myelinated nonaxonal neuronal elements in the feline olfactory bulb lack sites with a nodal structural differentiation Brain Res 325 : 1-11, 1985.
PubMed
Remak R : Uber die Verrichtungen des organischen Nervensystems. Frorips Notizen 7 : 65-70, 1838.
 
Remak R : Observationes Anatomicae et Microscopicae de Systematis Nervosi Structura. G Reimer, Berlin, 1838. (Inaug Diss)
 
Remak R : Uber ganglibse Nervenfasern beim Menschen und bei den Wirbeltieren. Ber Verh Konig Preuss Akad Wiss Berlin 293-298, 1853.
 
Remak R : Ueber multipolare Ganglienzellen. Verh Konig Preuss Akad Wiss Berlin 19 : 26-32, 1854 (English translation in Monthly J Medical Sci, Edinburgh 18 : 362-365, Professor Remak : On multipolar ganglion cells.)
 
Remak R : Uber den Bau der graven Saulen im Ruckenmark der Saugethiere. Dtsch Klinik 7 : 295, 1855.
 
Remak R : Untersuchungen uber die Entwicklung der Wirbelthieren. G Reimer, Berlin, 1855.
 
Renaut J : Recherche sur quelque points particulier d'histologie des nerfs. Arch Physiol (Paris) 8 : 180-190, 1881.
 
Renaut J : Systbme hyalin de soutenement des centres nerveux et de quelques organes des sens. Arch Physiol (Paris) 8 : 846-859, 1881.
 
Rered B : Contribution to the knowledge of postnatal development of the peripheral nervous system in man. Acta Psychiat Neurol Scand 33 : 1-206, 1944.
 
Retzius G : Zur Kenntnis des centralen Nervensystems der Crustaceen. Biol Untersuch, Neue Folge 1 : 1-50, 1890.
 
Retzius G : Zur Kenntnis des centralen Nervensystems der Warmer. Biol Untersuch, Neue Folge 2 : 1-28, 1891.
 
Retzius G : Zur Kenntnis des centralen Nervensystems von Amphioxus lanceolatus. Biol Untersuch, Neue Folge 2 : 29-46, 1891.
 
Retzius G : Uber den Bau der uberflachenschichteder Groβhirnrinde beim Menschen and bei den Saugethiere. Biologiska Foreningens Forhandlingar, 1891.
 
Revel JP and Hamilton DW : The double nature of the intermediate dense line in the peripheral nerve myelin. Anat Rec 163 : 7-16, 1969.
PubMed
Riccio RV and Matthews MA : Effects of intraocular tetrodotoxin on dendritic spines in the developing rat visual cortex : a Golgi analysis. Dev Brain Res 19 : 173-182, 1985.
 
Riccio RV and Matthews MA : The postnatal development of the rat primary visual cortex during optic nerve impulse blockade by intraocular tetrodotoxin : a quantitative electron microscopic analysis. Dev Brain Res 20 : 55-68, 1985.
 
Richardson KC : Studies on the structure of autonomic nerves in the small intestine, correlating the silver-impregnated image in light microscopy with the permanganate-fixed ultrastructure in electron microscopy. J Anat 94 : 457-472, 1960.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : Estudios sobre la neuroglia. La glia de escasas radiaciones (oligodendroglia). Bol Real Soc Espan Hist Nat 21 : 63-92, 1921.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : Tercera aportaction al conocimiento morfologico e interpretation functional de la oligodendroglia. Mem Real Soc Espan Hist Nat 14 : 5-122, 1928.
 
Ritchie JM : Physiological basis of conduction in myelinated nerve fibers. In : Myelin. Ed by P Morell. 2nd ed, Plenum, New York, pp. 117-141, 1984.
 
Robain J and Ponsot G : Effects of on ernutrition on glial maturation. Brain Res 149 : 379-397, 1978.
 
Robertson JD : The ultrastructure of adult vertebrate peripheral myelinated nerve fibers in relation to myelogenesis. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1 : 271-278, 1955.
 
Robertson JD : The ultrastructure of Schmidt-Lanterman clefts and related shearing defects of the myelin sheath. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 4 : 39-46, 1958.
PubMed
Robertson JD : Preliminary observations on the ultrastructure of nodes of Ranvier. Z Zellforsch 50 : 553-560, 1959.
 
Robertson JD : The molecular structure and contact relationships of cell membranes. Progr Biophys 10 : 343-418, 1960.
PubMed
Robertson JD : The unit membrane. In : Electron Microscopy in Anatomy. Ed by JD Boyd, FR Johnson and JD Lever. Arnold, London, pp. 74-99, 1961.
 
Robertson JD : Current problems of unit membrane structure and contact relationships. In : Nerve as a Tissue. Ed by K Rodahl and B Issekutz, Jr. Hoeber, New York, pp. 11-48, 1966.
 
Robertson JD, Bodenheimer TS and Stage DE : The ultrastructure of Mauthner cell synapses and nodes in goldfish brains. J Cell Biol 19 : 159-199, 1963.
 
Romand R and Romand M-R : Myelination kinetics of spiral ganglion cells in the kitten. J Comp Neurol 204 : 1-5, 1982.
 
Romand R, Romand M-R, Mulle Ch and Marty R : Early stages of myelination in the spiral ganglion cells of the kitten during development. Acta Otolaryngol 90 : 391-397, 1980.
 
Rosenbluth J : The fine structure of acoustic ganglia in the rat. J Cell Biol 12 : 329-359, 1962.
 
Rosenbluth J : Intramembranous particle distribution at the node of Ranvier and adjacent axoplasma in myelinated axons of the frog brain. J Neurocytol 5 : 731-745, 1976.
 
Rosenbluth J : Membrane specialization at the nodes of Ranvier and paranodal and juxtanodal regions of myelinated central and peripheral nerve fibers. In : The Node of Ranvier. Ed by JC Zagoren and S Fedoroff. Academic Press, pp. 31-68. 1984.
 
Rosenbluth J and Palay SL : The fine structure of nerve cell bodies and their myelin sheaths in the eighth nerve ganglion of the goldfish. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 9 : 853-877, 1961.
PubMed
Rosenheim O and Tebb MC : Die Nicht-Existenz des sogenannten 'Protagons' im Gehirn. Biothem Zeit 25 : 151, 1910.
 
Rosenthal : De formatione granulosa in nervis aliisque partibus organismi animalis. Diss inaug anat physol Vratislavial, pp. 40, 1839. (In : Jan Evangelista Purkyne Opera omnia. Ed by V Kruta et Z Hornof. Statni Zdravotnicke Nakladatelstvi 6 : 239-263, 1954.)
 
Ross LL : Peripheral nervous tissue. In : Electron Microscopic Anatomy. Ed by SM Kurtz. Acad Press, New York, pp. 341-367, 1964.
 
Ross LL, Bornstein MB and Lehrer GM : Electron microscopic observations of rat and mouse cerebellum in tissue culture. J Cell Biol 14 : 19-30, 1962.
 
Roth HJ, Hunkeler MJ and Campagnoni AT : Expression of myelin basic protein genes in several dysmyelinating mouse mutants during early postnatal brain development. J Neurochem 45 : 572-580, 1985.
PubMed
Roussel G and Nussbaum JL : Comparative localization of Wolfgram WI and myelin basic protein in the rat brain during ontogenesis. Histochem J 13 : 1029-1047, 1981.
 
Rozsa G, Morgan C, Szent-Gy0rgyi A and Wyckoff RWG : The electron microscopy of myelinated nerve. Biochem Biophys Acta 6 : 13-27, 1950.
 
Ruiz-Marcos A, Cartagena Abella P, Garcia Garcia A, Escobar del Rey F and Morreale de Escobar G : Rapid effects of adult-onset hypothyroidism on dendritic spines of pyramidal cells of the rat cerebral cortex. Exper Brain Res 73 : 583-588, 1988.
 
Rumbsy M : Structural organization and stability of central nervous system myelin. In : A Multidisciplinary Approach to Myelin Diseases. Ed by GS Crescenzi. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 111-132, 1987.
 
Saito K : The initial segment of dorsal spino-cerebellar tract neurons in the cat. J Electron Micr 21 : 325-326, 1972.
 
Salzer JL and Bunge RP : Studies of Schwann cell proliferation. I. An analysis in tissue culture of proliferation during development, Wallerian degeneration and direct injury. J Cell Biol 84 : 739-752, 1980.
PubMed
Salzer JL, Holmes WP and Colman DR : The amino acid sequences of the myelin-associated glycoproteins : Homology to the immunoglobulin gene super-family. J Cell Biol 104 : 957-965, 1987.
 
Samorajski T and Friede RL : Size-dependent distribution of axoplasm, Schwann cell cytoplasm, and mitochondria in the peripheral nerve fibers of mouse. Anat Rev 161 : 281-292, 1968.
 
Samorajski T, Friede RL and Reimer PR : Hypomyelination in the quaking mouse. A model for the analysis of disturbed myelin formation. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 29 : 507-523, 1970.
 
Sandri C, Van Buren JM and Akert K : Membrane Morphology of the Vertebrate Nervous System. A Study with Freeze-etch Technique. Prog in Brain Res 46, Elsevier Sci Publ Co, Amsterdam, 1977.
 
Sanes J : Laminin, fibronectin, and collagen in synaptic and extrasynaptic portions of muscle fiber basement membrane. J Cell Biel 93 : 442-451, 1982.
 
Sanes J and Chin AY : The basal lamina of the neuromuscular junction. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 48 : 667-678, 1983.
 
Sattilaro RF, Dentler WL and Le Cluyse EL : Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and the organization of actin filaments in vitro. J Cell Biol 90 : 467-473, 1981.
PubMed
Schade JP and Caveness WF : Alterations in dendritic organization. Brain Res 7 : 59-86, 1968.
 
Schade JP and Ford DH : Introduction to the structure and functions of nervous system. In : Basic Neurology, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1965.
 
Scharf J-H : Die markhaltigen Ganglienzellen und ihre Beziehung zu den myelogenetischen Theorien. Morphol Jahrb 91 : 187-252, 1951.
 
Scheibel ME and Scheibel AB : Some structural and functional substrates of development in young cats. Prog Brain Res 9 : 6-25, 1964.
 
Schiff R and Rosenbluth J : Ultrastructural localization of laminin in rat sensory ganglia. J Histochem Cytochem 34 : 1691-1699, 1986.
PubMed
Schlaepfer WW and Myers FK : Relationship of myelin internode elongation and growth in the rat sural nerve. J Comp Neurol 147 : 255-266, 1973.
PubMed
Schmidt HD : On the construction of the dark or double-bordered nerve fibre. Mon Microsc J (London) 11 : 200-221, 1874.
 
Schmidt WJ : Doppelbrechung und Feinbau der Markscheide der Nervenfasern. Z Zellforsch 23 : 657-676, 1936.
 
Schmitt FO : Nerve ultrastructure as revealed by x -ray diffraction and polarized light studies. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 4 : 7-12, 1936.
 
Schmitt FO : The ultrastructure of protoplasmic constituents. Physiol Rev 19 : 270-302, 1939.
 
Schmitt FO and Bear RS : The ultrastructure of the nerve axon sheath. Biol Rev 14 : 27-50, 1939.
 
Schmitt FO, Bear RS and Clark GL : X-ray diffraction studies on nerve. Radiology 25 : 131-151, 1935.
 
Schmitt FO, Bear RS and Palmer KJ : X-ray diffraction studies on the structure of the nerve myelin sheath. J Cell Comp Physiol 18 : 31-41, 1941.
 
Schnabel R und Sir G : Histochemische Untersuchungen fiber die a-Granula (Reich) der peripheren markhaltigen Nervenfasern. Z Zellforsch 56 : 1-19, 1962.
 
Schnapp B and Mugnaini E : The myelin sheath : electron microscopic studies with thin sections and freeze-fracture. In : Golgi Centennial Symposium : Perspective in Neurobiology. Ed by M Santini. Raven Press, New York, pp. 209-233, 1975.
 
Schnapp B and Mugnaini E : Membrane architecture of myelinated fibers as seen by freeze-fracture. In : Physiology and Pathobiology of Axons. Ed by SG Waxman. Raven Press, New York, pp. 83-123, 1978.
 
Schnapp B, Parracchia C and Mugnaini E : The paranodal axo-glial junction in the central nervous system studied with thin sections and freeze-fracture. Neuroscience 1 : 181-190, 1976.
 
Schoultz TW and Swett JE : The fine structure of the Golgi tendon organ. J Neurocytol 1, 1-26. 1972.
PubMed
Schubert T and Friede RL : The role of endoneurial fibroblasts in myelin degradation. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 40 : 134-154, 1981.
 
Schultze M : Allgemeines uber die Struktur elemente des Nervensystems. In : Strickers Handbuch der Lehre von den Geweben des Menschen and Thiere. Bd 1, Engelmann, Leipzig, 1871.
 
Schultz RL, Maynard EA and Pease DC : Electron microscopy of neurons and neuroglia of cerebral cortex and corpus callosum. Amer J Anat 100 : 369-407, 1957.
PubMed
Schwann T : Mikroskopische Untersuchungen uber die Ubereinstimmung in der Struktur and dem Wachstum der Thiere and Pflanzen. GE Reimer, Berlin, 1839. (English translat by H Smith : Microscopical Researches into the Accordance in the Structure and Growth of Animals and Plants. The New Sydenham Society, London 1847, Reprinted by Kraus Reprint Co, New York 1969.)
 
Schwarz AM, Parakkal M and Gulley RL : Postnatal development of spiral ganglion cells in the rat. Amer J Anat 167 : 33-41, 1983.
 
Shantha TR and Bourne GH : The perineural epithelium-A new concept. In : The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue. Ed by GH Bourne. Academic Press, New York and London, Vol 1, pp. 379-459, 1968.
 
Shinowara NL, Beutel WB and Revel JP : Comparative analysis of junctions in the myelin sheath of central and peripheral axons of fish, amphibians and mammals : a freeze-fracture study using complimentary replicas. J Neurocytol 9 : 15-38, 1980.
 
Shinowara NL, Michel ME and Rapoport SI : Morphological correlates of permeability in the frog perineurium : vesicles and "transcellular channels". Cell Tissue Res 227 : 11-22, 1982.
PubMed
Shivers RR : Occluding-like junctions at mesaxons of central myelin in Anolis caroinensis are not tight. A freeze-fracture-protein tracer analysis. Tissue Cell 11 : 253-358, 1979.
PubMed
Sholl DA : The quantitative investigation of the vertebrate brain and the applicability of allometric formulae to its study. Proc Roy Soc 135 : 243-258, 1948.
 
Sholl DA : Dendritic organization in the neurons of the visual and motor cortices of the cat. J Anat (Lond) 87 : 387-406, 1953.
 
Sholl DA : The organization of the visual cortex in the cat. J Anat (Lond) 89 : 33-46, 1955.
 
Sidman RL, Dickie MN and Appel SH : Mutant mice (quaking and jimpy) with deficient myelination in the central nervous system. Science 144 : 309-311, 1964.
 
Singer M and Bryant SV : Movements in the myelin Schwann sheath of the vertebrate axon. Nature 221 : 1148-1150, 1969.
PubMed
Sjostrand FS : Electron microscopic demonstration of a membrane structure isolated from nerve tissue. Nature 165 : 482-483, 1950.
 
Sjostrand FS : The lamellated structure of the nerve myelin sheath as revealed by high resolution electron microscopy. Experientia 9 : 68-69, 1953.
PubMed
Sjostrand FS : The structure and formation of the myelin sheath. In : Mechanisms of Demyelination. Ed by AS Rose and CM Pearson. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, pp. 1-43, 1963.
 
Skoff RP and Hamburger V : Fine structure of dendritic and axonal growth cones in embryonic chick spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 153 : 107-148, 1974.
PubMed
Skoff RP, Price DL and Stocks A : Electron microscopic studies of gliogenesis in rat optic nerve. I. Cell proliferation. J Comp Neurol 169 : 291-312, 1976.
PubMed
Skoff RP, Price DL and Stocks A : Electron microscopic studies of gliogenesis in rat optic nerve. II. Time of origin. J Comp Neurol 169 : 313-333. 1976.
PubMed
Sloper JJ and Powell TPS : Observations on the axon initial segment and other structures in the neocortex using conventional staining and ethanolic phosphotungstic acid. Brain Res 50 : 163-169, 1973.
 
Smith KJ, Blakemore WF, Murray JA and Petterson RC : Internodal myelin volume and axon surface area. A relationship determing myelin thickness? J Neurol Sci 55 : 231-246, 1982.
 
Smith ME : Peripheral nervous system myelin properties and metabolism. In : Handbook of Neurochemistry, Vol 3. Ed by A Lajtha. Plenum, New York, 2nd ed, pp. 201-223, 1983.
 
Smith RS, Chan H and Schapp CJ : Intermittent myelination of small diameter sciatic axons in Xenopus laevis. J Neurocytol 14 : 269-278, 1985.
 
Sotelo C : Permanence and fate of paramembranous synaptic specializations in "mutants" and experimental animals. Brain Res 62 : 345-351, 1973.
PubMed
Sotelo C and Changeux J-P : Transsynaptic degeneration "en cascade" in the cerebellar cortex of staggerer mutant mice. Brain Res 67 : 519-526, 1974.
PubMed
Sotelo C and Palay SL : The fine structure of the lateral vestibulas nucleus in the rat. I. Neurons and neuroglial cells. J Cell Biol 36 : 151-179, 1968.
 
Sotelo C and Palay SL : Altered axons and axon terminals in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the rat. Possible example of axonal remodelling. Lab Invest 25 : 653-671, 1971.
PubMed
Spacek J : Three dimensional analysis of dendritic spines. II. Spine apparatus and other cytoplasmic components. Anat Embryol 171 : 235-243, 1985.
PubMed
Spacek J : Relationships between synaptic junctions, puncta adherentia and the spine apparatus at neocortical axo-spinous synapses. A serial section study. Anat Enbryol 173 : 129-135, 1985.
 
Speidel CC : Studies of living nerves. I. The movement of individual sheath cells and nerve sprouts correlated with the process of myelin-sheath formation in amphibian larve. J Exper Zool 61 : 279-331, 1932.
 
Speidel CC : Studies of living nerves. II. Activities of ameboid growth cones, sheath cells, and myelin segments, as revealed by prolonged observation of individual nerve fibers in frog tadpoles. Amer J Anat 52 : 1-79, 1933.
 
Speidel CC : Studies of living nerves. III. Phenomena of nerve irritation and recovery, degeneration and repair. J Comp Neurol 61 : 1-80, 1935.
 
Speidel CC : Studies of living nerves. IV. Growth, regeneration, and myelination of peripheral nerves in salamanders. Biol Bull 68 : 140-161, 1935.
 
Spencer PS, Raine C and Wisniewski H : Axon diameter and myelin thickness-unusual relationship in dorsal root ganglia. Anat Rec 176 : 225-244, 1973.
PubMed
Spielmeyer W : Technik der Mikroskopischen Untersuchung des Nervensystems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 3. Aufl 1924, 4. Aufl 1930.
 
Sprinkle TJ, McMorris FA, Yoshino J and DeVries GH : Differential expression of 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase in cultured central, peripheral, and extraneural cells Neurochem Res 10 : 919-931, 1985.
PubMed
Stempak JG and Knobler RL : Bidirectionality in the tongue processes of the oligodendroglial cell investment of axons in the albino rat. Amer J Anat 135 : 287-292, 1972.
 
Sternberger NH, Itoyama Y, Kies MW and Webster H deF : Immunocytochemical method to identify basic protein in myelin-forming oligodendrocytes of newborn rat CNS. J Neurocytol 7 : 251-263, 1978.
PubMed
Sternberger NH, Itoyama Y, Kies MW and Webster H deF : Myelin basic protein demonstrated immunocytochemically in oligodendroglia prior to myelin sheath formation. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 75 : 2521-2524, 1987.
 
Sternberger NH, Quarles RH, Itoyama Y and Webster H deF : Myelin-associated glycoprotein demonstrated immunohistochemically in myelin and myelin-forming cells of developing rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76 : 1510-1514, 1979.
 
Steward O : Alterations in polyribosomes associated with dendritic spines during the reinnervation of the dentate gyros of the adult rat. J Neurosci 3 : 177-188, 1982.
 
Steward O : Polyribosomes at the base of dendritic spines of central system neurons. Their possible role in synapse construction and modification. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quart Biol 48 : 745-759, 1983.
 
Steward O, Davis L, Reeves TM and Banker G : Microcompartmentation of the protein synthetic machinery of neurons : polyribosome localization under postsynaptic sites. In : Intrinsic Determinants of Neuronal Form and Function. Ed by RJ Lasek and MN Black. Alan R Liss, New York, pp. 521-544, 1988.
 
Steward O and Falk PM : Protein-synthetic machinery at postsynaptic sites during synaptogenesis. A quantitative study of the association between polyrihosomes and developing synapses. J Neurosci 6 : 412-413, 1986.
 
Steward O and Levy WB : Preferential localization of polyribosomes under the base of dendritic spines in granule cells of the dentate gyros. J Neurosci 2 : 284-291, 1982.
 
Steward O and Reeves TM : Protein-synthetic machinery beneath postsynaptic sites on CNS neurons : association between polyribosomes and other organelles at the synaptic site. J Neurosci 8 : 176-184, 1988.
 
Stieda L : Geschichte der Entwicklung der Lehre von den Nervenzellen and Nervenfasern wahrend des XIX Jahrhunderts. I. Teil : Von Summering bis Deiters. Gustav Fischer, Jena 1899. (Sommerringが正しい)
 
Sturrock RR : A quantitative electronmicroscopic study of myelination in the anterior limb of the anterior commissure of the mouse brain. J Anat 119 : 67-75, 1975.
 
Sturrock RR : A quantitative and morphological study of vascularization of the developing mouse spinal cord. J Anat 132 : 203-221, 1981.
PubMed
Sturrock RR : Gliogenesis in the prenatal rabbit spinal cord. J Anat 134 : 771-793, 1982.
PubMed
Sturrock RR : A quantitative study of vascularization of the prenatal rabbit spinal cord. J Anat 135 : 89-96, 1982.
PubMed
Suetsugu M and Mehraein P : Spine distribution along the apical dendrites of the pyramidal neurons in Down's syndrome. A quantitative Golgi study. Acta Neuropathol 50 : 207-210, 1980.
PubMed
Sugar O and Gerard RW : Spinal cord regenaration in the rat. J Neurophysiol 11 : 175-184, 1940.
 
Sunderland S : The connective tissue of peripheral nerves. Brain 88 : 841-854, 1965.
PubMed
Sunderland S : Nerves and Nerve Injuries. Churchill Livingstone, 2nd ed, pp. 37-60, 1978.
 
Sutcliffe JG : mRNA in the mammalian central nervous system. Ann Rev Neurosci 11 : 157-198, 1988.
PubMed
Suyeoka O : Small myelinated perikarya in the cerebellar granular layer of mammals including man. Experientia 24 : 472-473, 1968.
PubMed
Szentagothai J : The structure of the synapse in the lateral geniculate body. Acta Anat 55 : 166-185, 1963.
PubMed
Tabira T : Electron microscopic demonstration of polysaccharides in central and peripheral myelin by thiosemicarbazide-protein-silver staining. J Neurocytol 14 : 781-794, 1985.
PubMed
Tabira T, Cullen MJ, Reier PJ and Webster H deF : An experimental analysis of interlamellar tight junctions in amphibian and mammalian CNS myelin. J Neurocytol 7 : 489-503, 1978.
PubMed
Takahashi K and llama K : Some observations on the fine structure of the synaptic area in the ciliary ganglion of the chick. Z Zellforsch 67 : 174-184, 1965.
 
Tao-Cheng J-H and Rosenbluth J : Nodal and paranodal membrane structure in complementary freeze-fracture replicas of amphibian peripheral nerves. Brain Res 199 : 249-265, 1980.
PubMed
Tasaki I, Carnay L, Sandlin R and Watanabe A : Fluorescence changes during conduction in nerves stained with acridine orange. Science 163 : 683-685, 1969.
PubMed
Tauber H, Waehneldt TV and Neuhoff V : Myelination in rabbit optic naves is accelerated by artificial eye opening. Neurosci Lett 16 : 235-238, 1980.
 
Tetzlaff W : The development of a zonula occludens in peripheral myelin of the chick embryo. A freeze-Fracture study. Cell Tissue Res 189 : 187-201, 1978.
PubMed
Thomas PK : Growth changes in the myelin sheath of peripheral nerve fibres. Proc Roy Soc. Ser B 143 : 380 391, 1955.
 
Thomas PK : Growth changes in the diameter of peripheral nerve fibres in fishes. J Anat 90 : 5-14, 1956.
PubMed
Thomas PK : The connective tissue of peripheral nerve : an electron microscope study. J Anat 97 : 35-44, 1963.
PubMed
Thomas PK : Changes in the endoneurial sheaths of pepipheral myelinated nerve fibers during Wallerian degeneration. J Anat 98 : 175-182, 1964.
 
Thomas PK : The deposition of collagen in relation to Schwann cell basement membrane during peripheral nerve regeneration. J Cell Biol 23 : 375-382, 1964.
PubMed
Thomas PK and Bhagat S : The effect of extraction of the intrafascicular contents of peripheral nerve trunks on perineurial structure. Acta Neuropathol 43 : 135-142, 1978.
PubMed
Thomas PK and Jones DG : The cellular response to nerve injury. 2. Regeneration of the perineurium after nerve section. J Anat 101 : 45-55, 1967.
 
Thomas PK and Olsson Y : Microscopic anatomy and function of the connective tissue components of peripheral nerve. In : Peripheral Neuropathy. Ed by PJ Dyck, PK Thomas, EH Lambert and R Burge. WB Saunders Co. Philadelphia 2nd ed, Vol 1, pp. 97-120, 1984.
 
Thomas PK and Slatford J : Lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm of Schwann cells. J Anat 98 : 691, 1964.
 
Thomas PK and Young JZ : Internode length in the nerves of fishes. J Anat 83 : 336-350, 1949.
 
Thudichum JLW : A Treatise on the Chemical Constitution of the Brain. Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, London, 1884.
 
Tigges M and Tigges J : Distribution and morphology of perikarya and dendrites in the olfactory bulb of primates. J Neurocytol 9 : 825-834, 1980.
PubMed
Tomonaga M and Sulga E : Zur Ultrastruktur des π-Granula. Acta Neuropathol 15 : 56-69, 1970.
 
Trapp BD : Distribution of the myelin-associated glycoprotein and Po protein during myelin compaction in quaking mouse peripheral nerve. J Cell Biol 107 : 675-685, 1988.
 
Trapp BD, Hauer P and Lemke G : Axonal regulation of myelin protein mRNA levels in actively myelinating Schwann cells. J Neurosci 8 : 3515-3521, 1988.
PubMed
Trapp BD, Itoyama Y, Sternberger NH, Quarles RH and Webster H deF : Immunocytochemical localization of Po protein in Golgi complex membranes and myelin of developing rat Schwann cells. J Cell Biol 90 : 1-6, 1981.
 
Trapp BD, Moench T, Pulley M, Barbosa E, Tennekoon G and Griffin J : Spatial segregation of mRNA encoding myelin-specific proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 7773-7777, 1987.
PubMed
Trapp BD and Quarles RH : Presence of the myelin-associated glycoprotein correlates with alterations in the periodicity of peripheral myelin. J Cell Biol 92 : 877-882, 1982.
PubMed
Trapp BD and Quarles RH : Immunocytochemical localization of the myelin-associated glycoprotein. Fact or artefact? J Neuroimmunol 6 : 231-249, 1984.
PubMed
Treviranus GR : Neue Untersuchungen uber die organischen Elemente der tierischen Korper and deren Zusammensetzungen. JG Heyse, Bremen, 1835.
 
Treviranus GR : Beitrage zur Aufklarung der Er scheinungen and Gesetze des organischen Lebens. Bd 1, Heft 2 and Tafeln Bd 1, Heft 4, Bremen 1836.
 
Ueda S, Ito H, Masai H and Kawahara T : Abnormal organization of the cerebellar cortex in the mutant Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. Brain Res 177 : 183-188, 1979.
PubMed
Ueda S, Ito H, Masai H, Kawahara T and Sakamoto N : Decreased synaptic area on Purkinje spines in the cerebellar cortex of the mutant Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. Brain Res 232 : 17-28, 1982.
PubMed
Ukai S : Beitrage zur Kenntnis der π-Granula in den peripheren Nervenfastern. Mitt allg Pathol u pathol Anat 2 : 65-105, 1923.
 
Unger F, Piscopo I, Letizia J and Holtzman E : Uptake of calcium by the endoplasmic reticulum of the frog photoreceptor. J Cell Biol 98 : 1645-1656, 1984.
 
Ushiki T and Ide C : Three-dimensional architecture of the endoneurium with special reference to the collagen fibril arrangement in relation to nerve fibers. Arch Histol Jap 49 : 553-563, 1986.
 
Ushiki T and Ide C : Scanning electron microscopic studies of the myelinated nerve fibers of the mouse sciatic nerve with special reference to the Schwann cell cytoplasmic network external to the myelin sheath. J Neurocytol 16 : 737-747, 1987.
 
Ushiki T and Ide C : A modified KOH・collagenase method applied to scanning electron microscopic observations of peripheral nerves. Arch Histol Cytol 51 : 223-232, 1988.
 
Uzman BG and Nogueira-Graf G : Electron microscope studies of the formation of nodes of Ranvier in mouse sciatic nerves. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 3 : 589-598, 1957.
PubMed
Valentin GG : Uber den Verlauf and die letzten Enden der Nerven. Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareal Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum 10 : 51-240, 541-543, 1836.
 
Valentin GG : Ueber die Scheiden der Ganglienkugeln and deren Fortsetzen. Arch Anat Physiol wiss Med : 139-164, 1839.
 
Valverde F : Apical dendritic spines of the visual cortex and light de privation in the mouse. Exper Brain Res 3 : 337-352, 1967.
 
Valverde F : Structural changes in the area striata of the mouse after enucleation. Exper Brain Res 5 : 274-292, 1968.
 
Valverde F : Rate and extent of recovery from dark rearing in the visual cortex of the mouse. Brain Res 33 : 1-11, 1971.
PubMed
van Campenhout E : Le development embryonnaire compare des nerfs olfactifs et auditifs. Acta Oto-Rhino-Laryng Belg 11 : 279-287, 1956.
 
van der Loos, H : On dendro-dendritic junctions in the cerebral cortex. In : Structure and Function of the Cerebral Cortex. Ed by Tower DB and Schade JP. 36-42, Elsevier, Amsterdam (Proc. 2nd Int. Meeting of Neurobiologists), 1960.
 
van der Stricht H : Le neuroepithelium olfactif et sea parties constitantes superficielles. CR Ass Nat 11, reunion 30-33, 1909.
 
Vaughn JE, Henrikson CK and Grieshaber JA : A quantitative study of synapses on motor neuron dendritic growth cones in developing mouse spinal cord. J Cell Biol 60 : 664-672, 1974.
PubMed
Vaughn JE and Peters A : The morphology and development of neuroglial cells. In : Cellular Aspects of Neural Growth and Differentiation. Ed by DC Pease. Univ of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 103-134, 1971.
 
Verity AN and Campagnoni AT : Regional expression of myelin protein genes in the developing mouse brain : In situ hybridization studies. J Neurosci Res 21 : 238-248, 1988.
PubMed
Vignal W : Recherches sur le developpement des elements des couches corticales do cerveau et du cervelet chez l'homme et les mammiferes. Arch Physiol Norm Pathol (Paris) 4 : 228-254 et 311-338, 1888.
 
Vignal W : Developpement des elements du systeme nerveux cerebro-spinal. Paris, 1889.
 
Virchow R : Uber das ausgebreitete Vorkommen einer dem Nervenmark analogen Substanz in den tierischen Geweben. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 6 : 562-572, 1854.
 
Vizoso AD and Young JZ : Internode length and fibre diameter in developing and regenerating nerves. J Anat 82 : 110-134, 1948.
 
Waggener JD : The ultractructure of the glial-Schwann cell junction of the rat. Anat Rec 145 : 296, 1963.
 
Waggener JD and Beggs J : The membraneous coverings of neural tissues : an electron microscopy study. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 26 : 412-426, 1967.
 
Waggener JD, Bunn SM and Beggs J : The diffusion of ferritin within the peripheral nerve sheath : an electron microscopy study. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 24 : 430-443, 1965.
 
Wagner R : Sympathischer Nerv, Ganglienstructur and Nervenendigungen. In : Ilandworterbuch der Physiologic. Herausgeg von R Wagner, Bd 3, Abt 1, 360-406, Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1846.
 
Wagner R : Fortgesetzte Untersuchungen Uber die Verbreitung des Nerven im elektrischen Organ des Zitterochens. Nachr G. A. Univers u Konigl Ges Wiss Gottingen. Nr 6, April 1847.
 
Wagner R : Neue Untersuchungen Uber den Ban and die Endigung der Nerven and die Struktur der Ganglienzellen. (cones Physiol Suppl, Leipzig, 1847.
 
Waksman BH : Experimental study of diphtheritic polyneuritis in the rabbit and guinea pig. III. The blood-nerve barrier in the rabbit. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 20 : 35-77, 1961.
 
Walberg F : Further electron microscopical investigations of the inferior olive of the cat. In : Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 6 Topics in Basic Neurology. Ed by W Bargmann and JP Schade. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 59-75, 1964.
 
Waldeyer HWG : Uber einige neuere Forschungen im Gebiete der Anatomic des Centralnervensystems. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 17 : 1213-1218, 1891 (p. 1215の脚注).
 
Waller A : Experiments on the section of the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves of the frog, and observations of the alterations produced thereby in the structure of their primitive fibres. Phil Trans Roy See (London) Set B 140 : 423-429, 1850 and Edinburgh Med Surg J 76 : 369-376, 1851.
 
Waller A : Nouvelle methode pour l'etude du systeme nerveux applicable a l'investigation de la distribution anatomique des cordons nerveux. Compt rend Acad Sci Paris 33 : 606-611, 1851.
 
Waller A : Sur la reproduction des nerfs et sur la structure et les fonetions des ganglions spinaux. Arch Anat Physicl 11 : 392-401, 1852.
 
Waller A : Nouvelles recherches sur la regeneration der fibres nerveuses. Compt rend hebd Acad Sci Paris 34 : 675-679, 1852.
 
Waller A : Examen des alterations qui ont lieu dans les filets d'origine do nerf pneumogastrique et des nerfs rachidiens, par suite de la section de ces nerfs au-dessus de leers ganglions. Compt rend hebd Acad Sci Paris 34 : 842-847, 1852.
 
Waxman SG : Physiology and Pathobiology of Axons. Raven Press, New York, 1978.
 
Waxman SG and Ritchie JM : Organization of ion channels in the myelinated nerve uber. Science 228 : 1502-1507, 1985.
 
Waxman SG and Sims TJ : Specificity in central myelination : evidence for local regulation of myelin thickness. Brain Res 292 : 179-185, 1984.
PubMed
Webster H deF : Transient, focal accumulation of axonal mitochondria during the early stages of Wallerian degeneration. J Cell Biol 12 : 361-383, 1962.
 
Webster H deF : The relationship between Schmidt-Lanterman incisures and myelin segmentation during Wallerian degeneration. Ann NY Acad Sci 122 : 29-38, 1965.
 
Webster H deF : The geometry of peripheral myelin sheaths during their formation and growth in rat sciatic nerves. J Cell Biol 48 : 348-367, 1971.
 
Webster H deF and Billings SM : Myelinated nerve fibers in Xenopus tadpoles : in vivo observations and fine structure. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 31 : 102-112, 1972.
 
Webster H deF, Martin RR and O'Connell MF : The relationships between interphase Schwann cells and axons before myelination. A quantitative electron microscopic study. Dev Biol 32 : 401-416, 1973.
 
Webster H deF and Spiro D : Phase and electron microscopic studies of experimental demyelination. I. Variations in myelin sheath contour in normal guinea pig sciatic nerve. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 19 : 42-69, 1960.
 
Weddell G : The pattern of cutaneous innervation in relation to cutaneous sensibility. J Anat 75 : 346-367, 1941.
PubMed
Weigert C : Uber eine neue Untersuchungsmethode des Centralnervensystems. Centraibl Med Wiss, No 42 : 753-757, 1882.
 
Weigert C : Uber eine neue Untersuchungsmethode des Cenralnervensystems. Centraibl Med Wiss, No 43 : 772-774, 1882.
 
Weigert C : Zur pathologischen Histologie des Neurogliafasergerustes. Zbl allg Pathol pathol Anat 1 : 729-737, 1890.
 
Weigert C : Bemerkungen uber das Neurogliagerust des menschlichen Zentralnervensystems. Anat Anz 5 : 543-556, 1890.
 
Weigert C : Zur Markscheidenfarbung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr, No 42 : 1184-1186, 1891.
 
Weigert C : Beitrage zur Kenntnis der normalen menschlichen Neuroglia. Festschr z 50 jahrig Jub d arztl Ver Frankfurt aM 1895. Abh Senkenberg Naturforsch Ges Abh 19 : 65-215, 1896.
 
Weigert C : Die Markscheidenfarbung. Erg Anat Entw-gesch 6 : 3-25, 1897.
 
Weller RO and Herzog I : Schwann cell lysosomes in hypertrophic neuropathy and in normal human nerves. Brain 93 : 347-356, 1970.
PubMed
Wendell-Smith CP, Blunt MJ and Baldwin F : The ultrastructural characterization of macroglial cell types. J Comp Neurol 127 : 219-239, 1966.
PubMed
Wesolowski H : Morphological and histochemical studies on the development of the olfactory epithelium in the hen. Folia Biol 18 : 71-80, 1970.
PubMed
Weston JA : The regulation of normal and abnormal neural crest development. In : Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen Disease) Genetics, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry. Ed by VM Riccardi and JJ Mulvihill. Raven Press, New York, pp. 77-95, 1981.
 
Westrum LE : Observations on initial segments of axons in the prepyriform cortex of the rat. J Comp Neurol 139 : 337-356, 1970.
 
Westrum LE, White LE and Ward AA : Morphology of the experimental epileptic focus. J Neurosurg 21 : 1033-1046, 1964.
PubMed
White EL : Synaptic organization in the olfactory glomerulus of the mouse. Brain Res 37 : 69-80, 1972.
PubMed
White EL : Synaptic organization of the mammalian olfactory glomerulus : new findings including intraspecific variation. Brain Res 60 : 299-313, 1973.
PubMed
Whitear M : Internodal length in the skin plexuses of fish and the frog. QJ Microsc Sci 93 : 307-313, 1952.
 
Wiggins RC : Myelin development and nutritional insufficiency. Brain Res Rev 4 : 151-175, 1982.
 
Wiggins RC and Fuller GN : Early postnatal starvation causes lasting brain hypomyelination. J Neurochem 30 : 1231-1237, 1978.
PubMed
Wiley CA and Ellisman MH : Rows of dimeric particles within the axolemma and juxtaposed particles within glia, incorporated into a new model for the paranodal glial-axonal junction at the node of Ranvier. J Cell Biol 84 : 261-280, 1980.
PubMed
Willey TJ : The ultrastructure of the cat olfactory bulb. J Comp Neurol 152 : 211-232, 1973.
PubMed
Williams PL and Hall SM : Chronic Wallerian degeneration-an in vivo and ultrastructural study. J Anat 109 : 487-503, 1971.
 
Williams PL and Kashef R : Asymmetry of the node of Ranvier. J Cell Sci 3 : 341-356, 1968.
 
Williams PL and Wendel-Smith CP : Some additional parametric variations between peripheral nerve fibre populations. I Anat 109 : 502-526, 1971.
 
Willison HJ, Ilyas AI, O'Shannessy DJ, Pulley MJ, Trapp BD and Quarles RH : Myelin-associated glycoprotein and related glycoconjugates in developing cat peripheral nerve : A correlative biochemical and morphometric study. J Neurochem 49 : 1853-1862, 1987.
 
Willison HJ, Trapp BD, Bacher JD and Quarles RH : The expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein during remyelination in cat sciatic nerve. Brain Res 444 : 10-16, 1988.
 
Wilson CJ, Groves PM, Kitai ST and Linder JC : Three-dimensional structure of dendritic spines in the rat neostriatum. J Neurosci 3 : 383-398, 1983.
PubMed
Wilson CJ, Murakami F, Katsumaru H and Tsukahara N : Dendritic and somatic appendages of identified rubrospinal neurons of the cat. Neuroscience 22 : 113-130, 1987.
PubMed
Wlassak R : Die Herkunft des Myelins. Arch Entwickl-mech Organ 6 : 453-493, 1889.
 
Wood JG and McLaughlin BJ : The visualization of concanavalin-A binding sites in the interperiod line of rat sciatic nerve myelin. J Neurochem 24 : 233-235, 1975.
PubMed
Wood PM and Bunge RP : Evidence that sensory axons are mitogenic for Schwann cells. Nature 256 : 662-664, 1975.
PubMed
Wood PM and Bunge RP : The biology of the oligodendrocytes. In : Oligodendroglia. Ed by WT Norton. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 1-46, 1984.
 
Wyburn GM : The capsule of spinal ganglion cells. J Anat 92 : 528-533, 1958.
 
Yokota R : Occurrence of long non-myelinated axonal segments intercalated in myelinated, presumably sensory axons : electron microscopic observations in the dog atrial endocardium. J Neurocytol 13 : 127-143, 1984.
PubMed
Young JZ : The functional repair of nervous tissue. Physiol Rev 22 : 318-374, 1942.
 
Young JZ : History of the shape of a nerve fibre. In : Essays on Growth and Form, presented to d'Arcy Wentworth Thompson. Ed by WE Le Gros Clark and PB Medawar. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 41-94, 1945.
 
Zagoren JC and Fedoroff S : The Node of Ranvier. Academic Press, Orlando, 1984.
 
Zeller NK, Behar TN, Dubois-Dalcq ME and Lazzarini RA : The timely expression of myelin basic protein gene in cultured rat brain oligoden drocytes is independent of continuous neuronal influences. J Neurosci 5 : 2955-2962, 1985.
 
Zeller NK, Hunkeler MJ, Campagnoni AT, Sprague J and Lazzarini RA : Characterization of mouse myelin basic protein messenger RNAs with a myelin basic protein cDNA clone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 : 18-22, 1984.
PubMed

IV 神経終末とシナプス

P.487 掲載の参考文献
Abdel-Halim MS and AnggSrd E : Regional and species differences in endogenous prostaglandin biosynthesis by brain homogenates. Prostaglandins 17 : 411 418, 1979.
 
Abdel-Halim MS, Hamberg M, Sjoquist B and Anggard E : Identification of prostaglandin D2 as a major prostaglandin in homogenates of rat brain. Prostaglandins 14 : 633-643, 1977.
 
Abel JJ : Further observations on the chemical nature of the active principle on the suprarenal capsule. Johns Hopk Hosp Bull 9 : 215-218, 1898.
 
Abel JJ : Ueber den blutdruckerregenden Bestandtheil der Nebenniere, das Epinephrin. Z Physiol Chem 28 : 318-362, 1899.
 
Abel JJ and Crawford AC : On the blood-pressureraising constituent of the suprarenal capsule. Johns Hopk Hosp Bull 8 : 151 156, 1897.
 
Abel JJ and Kubota S : On the presence of histamine (β-imidazolylethylamine) in the hypophysis cerebri and other tissues of the body and its occurrence among the hydrolytic decomposition products of proteins. J Pharmacol Exper Therap 13 : 243-300, 1919.
 
Acher R and Chanvet J : La structure de la vasopressine de boeuf. Biochim Biophys Acta 12 : 487-488, 1953.
 
Ackermann D : Uber ein Neues auf bakteriellen Wege gewinnbores Aporrhegma. Z Physiol Chem 69 : 273-281, 1910.
 
Ackermann D and Kutscher F : Uber Aporrhegmen. Z Physiol Chem 69 : 1265-1272, 1910.
 
Adal MN and Barker D : Intramuscular branching of fusimotor fibres. J Physiol 177 : 288-299, 1965.
PubMed
Adam HM : histamine in the central nervous system and hypophysis of the dog. In : Regional Neurochemistry. Ed by SS Kety and J Elkes. Pergamon Press, London, pp. 293-305, 1961.
 
Adam HM and Bye HKA : Concentration of histamine in different parts of brain and hypophysis of cat and its modification by drugs. Brit J Pharmacol Chemotherap 28 : 137-152, 1966.
 
Addison T : Anaemia-disease of the suprarenal capsules. London Med Gaz 8 : 517-518, 1849.
 
Addison T : On the Constitutional and Local Effects of Diseases of the Suprarenal Capsules. Samuel Highly, London, 1855〔Dr. Addison's Work (1868) Sydenham Society pp 211-239, Reprinted in Medical Classics 2, No3, 1937〕
 
Adinolfi AM : The organization of synaptic junctions in cat putamen. Brain Res 32 : 53-67, 1971.
PubMed
Adrian ED : Some recent work on inhibition. Brain 47 : 399-416, 1924.
 
Aghajanian GK and Bloom FE : The formation of synaptic junctions in developing rat brain a quantitative electron microscopic study. Brain Res 6 : 716-727, 1967.
 
Ahlquist RP : A study of the adrenotropic receptors. Amer J Physiol 153 : 586-600, 1918.
 
Aiba K : On the sensory innervation of the foot-sole in human adults. Arch Histol Jap 10 : 329-350, 1956.
 
Akert K, Cuenod M and Moor II : Further observations on the enlargement of synaptic vesicles in degenerating optic nerve terminals of the avian tectum. Brain Res 25 : 255-263. 1971.
 
Akert K, Kawana E and Sandri C : ZIO-positive and Z10-negative vesicles in nerve terminals. Prog Brain Res 34 : 305-317, 1971.
 
Akert K, Moor H, Pfenninger K and Sandri C : Contributions of new impregnation methods and freeze etching to the problems of synaptic fine structure. In : Progress in Brain Research, Vol 31, Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission. Ed by K Akert and PG Waser. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 223 240, 1969.
 
Akert K and Pfenninger K : Synaptic fine structure and neural dynamics. In : Cellular Dynamics of the Neuron, ISCB Symposium, Vol 8. Ed by SH Barondes. Academic Press, New York, pp245-260, 1969.
 
Akert K, Pfenninger K and Sandri C : The fine structure of synapses in the subfornical organ of the cat Z Zellforsch 81 : 537 556, 1967.
 
Akert K, Pfenninger K, Sandri C and Moor II : Freeze etching and cytochemistry of vesicles and membrane complexes in synapses of the central nervous system. In : Structure and Function of Synapses. Ed by GD Pappas and DP Purpura. Raven Press, New York, pp 67-86, 1972.
 
Akert K and Sandri C : An electron microscopic study of zinc iodide osmium impregnation of neurons. I. Staining of synaptic vesicles at cholinergic junctions. Brain Res 7 : 286 295, 1968.
 
Akert K and Sandri C : Identification of the active synaptic region by means of histochemical and freeze-etching techniques. In : Excitatory Synaptic Mechanisms. Ed by P Andersen and JKS Jansen. Universitatsforlaget Oslo, pp 27-41, 1970.
 
Albertini DF, Fawcett DW and Olds PJ : Morphological variations in gap junctions of ovarian granulosa cells. Tissue Cell 7 : 389-405, 1975.
PubMed
Alder J. Lu B, Valtorta F, Greengard P and Poo M-m : Calcium-dependent transmitter secretion reconstituted in Xenopus oocytes : requirement for synaptophysin. Science 257 : 657, 1992.
PubMed
Alder J, Xie Z-P, Valtorta F, Greengard P and Poo M-m : Antibodies to synaptophysin interfere with transmitter secretion at neuromuscular synapses. Neuron 9 : 759-768, 1992.
 
Aldrich TB : A preliminary report on the active principle of the suprarenal gland. Amer J Physiol 5 : 457-461. 1901.
 
Aldrich TB : Adrenalin, the active principle of the suprarenal gland? Amer J Physical 7 : 359-368, 1902.
 
Aldrich TB : Adrenalin, the active principle of the suprarenal glands. J Amer Chem Sue 27 : 1074-1091, 1905.
 
Allen GV and Hopkins DA : Mamillary body in the rat : a cytoarchitectonic, Golgi, and ultrastruetural study. J Comp Neural 275 : 39-64, 1988.
 
Allen J, Tatemoto K, Polak J, Hughes J and Bloom S : Two novel related peptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) inhibit the contraction of the electrically stimulated mouse vas deferens. Neuropeptides 3 : 71-77, 1982.
PubMed
Allen T, Baerwald R and Potter LT : Postsynaptic membranes in the electric tissue of Narcine. II. A freeze-fracture study of nicotinic receptor molecules. Tissue and Cell 9 : 595-608, 1977.
 
Almers W and Tse FW : Transmitter release from synapses : does a preassembled fusion pore initiate exocytosis? Neuron 4 : 813-818, 1990.
PubMed
Alnaes E : Static and dynamic properties of Golgi tendon organs in the anterior tibial and soleus muscles of the cat. Acta Physiol Scand 70 : 176-187, 1967.
 
Alpers BJ and Haymaker W : The participation of the neuroglia the formation of myelin in prenatal infantile brain. Brain 57 : 195-205, 1934.
 
Altman J : Coated vesicles and synaptogenesis. A developmental study in the cerebellar cortex of the rat. Brain Res 30 : 311*322, 1971.
 
Altschuler RA, Betz H, Parakkal MH, Reeks KA and Wenthold RJ : Identification of glycinergic synapses in the cochlear nucleus through immunocytochemical localization of the postsynaptic receptor. Brain Res 369 : 316-320, 1986.
PubMed
Amara SG. Jonas V, O'Neil JA, Vale W. Rivier J, Rocs BA. Evans RM and Rosenfeld MG : Calcitonin COOH-terminal cleavage peptide as a model for identification of novel neuropeptides predicted by recombinant DNA analysis. J Biol Chem 257 : 2129-2132, 1982.
 
Amara SG, Jonas V, Rosenfeld MG, Ong ES and Evens RM : Alternative RNA processing in calcitonin gene expression generates mRNAs encoding different polypeptide products. Nature 298 : 240-244, 1982.
 
Amin AH, Crawford TBB and Gaddum JH : The distribution of substance P and 5-hvdroxytryptamine in the central nervous system of the dog. J Physiol 126 : 596-618, 1914.
 
Amoss M, Burgos R, Blackwell R, Vale W, Fellow R and Guillemin R : Purification amino acid composition and N-terminus of the hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) of ovine origin. Biochem Biophys Res Common 44 : 205-210, 1971.
 
Andersen AE and Nafstad PHJ : An electron microscopic investigation of the sensory organs in the hard palate region of the hen (Gallus domnesticus). Z Zellforsch 91 : 391-401, 1968.
 
Andersen P and Eccles JC : Locating and identifying postsynaptic inhibitory synopses by the correlation of physiological and histological data. Symp Biol Hung 5 : 219-242, 1965.
 
Andersen P, Eccles JC and Voorhoeve PH : Inhibitory synapses on somas of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Nature 199 : 655-656, 1961
 
Anderson CA and Westrum LE : An electron microscopic study of the normal synaptic relationships and early degenerative changes in the rat olfactory tubercle. Z Zellforsch 127 : 462-482, 1972.
PubMed
Anderson CR and Stevens CF : Voltage clamp analysis of acetylcholine produced end-plate current fluctuations at frog neuronmscular junction. J Physiol 235 : 655-691, 1973.
 
Andersson-Cedergren ELC : Ultrastructure of motor end plate and sarcoplasmic components of mouse skeletal muscle fiber as revealed by threedimensional reconstructions from serial sections. J Ultrastruct Res (Suppl 1) 1-191, 1959.
 
Andres KH : Mikropinozytose irn Zentralnervensystem. Z Zellforsch 64 : 63-73, 1964.
 
Andres KH : Der Feinbau des Bulbus olfactorius der Ratte unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der synaptischen Verbindungen. Z Zellforsch 65 : 530-561, 1965.
PubMed
Andres KH : Uber die Feinstruktur der Rezeptoren und Sinneshaaren. Z Zellforsch 75 : 339-365, 1966.
 
Andres KH and von During M : Morphology of cutaneous receptors. In : Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Ed by A Iggo. Vol II Somatosensory System, Springer, New York, pp. 3-28. 1973.
 
Apathy S : Das leitende Element des Nervensystems und seine topographischen Beziehung zu den Zellen. Mitt Zool Stat Neapel 12 : 495-748, 1897.
 
Appenzeller O : Electron microscopic study of the innervation of the auricular artery in the rat. J Anat 98 : 87-91, 1964.
 
Applegate MD, Kerr DS and Landfield PW : Redistribution of synaptic vesicles during long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Brain Res 401 : 401-406, 1987.
PubMed
Applegate MD and Landfield PW : Synaptic vesicle redistribution during hippocampal frequency potentiation and depression in young and aged rats. J Neurosci 8 : 1096-1111, 1988.
 
Aprison MH and Werman R : The distribution of glycine in cat spinal cord and roots. Life Sci 4 : 2075-2083, 1965.
PubMed
Aprison MH and Werman R : A combined neurochemical and neurophysiological approach to the identification of central nervous system transmitters. In : Neuroscience Review. Ed by S Ehrenpreis and OC Solnitzky. Academic Press. New York. Vol 1, pp. 143-156, 1968.
 
Arbuthnott ER, Ballard KJ, Boyd IA. Gladden MH and Sutherland FI : The ultrestructure of cat fusimotor endings and their relationship to foci of sarcomere convergence in intrafusal fibres. J Physiol 331 : 285-309, 1982.
 
Archer BT III, Ozselik T, Jahn R, Francke U and Sudhof TC : Structures and chromosomal localizations of two human genes endoding synaptobrevins I and 2. J Biol Chem 265 : 17267-17273, 1990.
 
Arimura A : Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) : discovery and current status of research. Regal Peptides 37 : 287-303, 1992.
 
Arimura A, Somogyvari-Vigh A, Miyata A, Mizuno K, Coy DH and Kitada C : Tissue distribution of PACAP as determined by RIA : highly abundant in the rat brain and testes. Endocrinology 129 : 2787-2789, 1991.
PubMed
Arndt R : Was sind Pacinische Korperchen? Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 65 : 131-137, 1875.
 
Aronson : Beitrage zur Kenntnis der centralen und peripheren Nervenendigungen. Dissert, Berlin 1886. (Kallius E 1896から引用)
 
Arstila AU : Electron microscopic studies on the structure and histochemistry of the pineal gland of the rat. Neuroendocrinology 2 : Suppl 1-10, 1967.
 
Arstila AU and Hopsu-Havu VK : Studies in the rat pineal gland. I. Ultrastructure. Ann Acad Sci Fenn. A. II 113 : 3 -21, 1964.
 
Arvanitaki A : Effects evoked in an axon by the electric activity of a contiguous one. J Neurophysiol 5 : 89-108, 1942.
 
Auerbach, L : Nervenendigung in den Centralorganen. Neurol Chi 17 : 445-454, 1898.
 
Avrameas S : Peroxidase labeled antibody and Fab conjugates with enhanced intracellular penetration. Immunochemistry 8 : 1175-1179, 1971.
PubMed
Awapara J : The taurine concentration of organs from fed and facted rats. J Biol Chem 218 : 571-576, 1966.
 
Awapara J, Landua AJ, Fuerst R and Seale B : Free r-aminobutyric acid in brain. J Biel Chem 187 : 35-39, 1950.
 
Axelrod H and Korn H : Field effect and chemical transmission : Dual inhibitory system of basket cells in the rat cerebellar cortex. Exper Brain Res, Suppl 6 : 412-436, 1982.
 
Bacq ZM : La pharmacologie do systeme nerveux autonome, et particulierement du sympatique, d'apres la theorie neurohumorale. Ann Physicl Physicochim biol 10 : 407-528, 1934.
 
Bacq ZM : L'acetylcholine et l'adrenaline. Leur role dans la transmission de l'imflux nerveux. Georges Thone, Liege, Bibl Sci Belge 1937.
 
Bahler M and Greengard P : Synapsin I bundles F-actin in a phosphorylatiomdependent manner. Nature 326 : 704-707, 1987.
 
Baines AJ : Synapsin I and the cytoskeleton. Nature 326 : 646, 1987.
PubMed
Baines AJ and Bennett V : Synapsin I is a spectrin-binding protein immunologically related to erythrocyte protein 4. 1. Nature 315 : 410-413, 1985.
PubMed
Baines A and Bennett V : Synapsin I is a microtubule-binding protein. Nature 319 : 145-147, 1986.
PubMed
Bak IJ and Choi WB : Electron microscopic investigation of synaptic organization of the trochlear nucleus in cat. I. Normal ultrastructure. Cell Tissue Res 150 : 409-423, 1974.
PubMed
Baker PF, Hodgkin AL and Shaw TI : Replacement of the axoplasm of giant nerve fibres with artificial solutions. J Physiol 164 : 330-354, 1962.
PubMed
Baker PF, Hodgkin AL and Shaw T1 : The effects of changes in internal ionic concentrations on the electrical properties of perfused giant axons. J Physiol 164 : 355-374, 1962.
 
Baker R and Llinas R : Electrotonic coupling between neurons in the mesencephalic root of the Vth nerve in the rat. Biophys J 10 : 64a, 1970.
 
Baker R and Llinas R : Electrotonic coupling between neurons in the rat mesencephalic nucleus. J Physiol (Lond) 212 : 45-63, 1971.
PubMed
Balcar VJ and Johnston GAR : The structural specificity of high affinity uptake of [-glutamate and L-aspartate by rat brain slices. J Neurochent 19 : 2657-2666, 1972.
 
Baldwin, KM : Cardiac gap junction configuration after an uncoupling treatment as a function of time. J Cell Biol 82 : 66-75, 1979.
PubMed
Banks RW : A histological study of the motor innervation of the cat's muscle spindle. J Anat 133 : 571-591, 1981.
PubMed
Banks RW, Barker D, Bessou P. Pages B and Stacey MJ : Histological analysis of cat muscle spindles following direct observation of the effects of stimulating dynamic and static motor axons. J Physiol 283 : 605-619, 1978.
PubMed
Banks RW, Barker D, Marker DW and Stacey MJ : Correlation between ultrastructure and histochemistry of mammalian intrafusal muscle fibres. J Physiol 252 : 16-17p, 1975.
 
Banks RW, Barker D and Stacey MJ : Structural aspects of fusimotor effects on spindle sensitivity. In : Muscle Receptors and Movement. Ed by A Taylor and A Prochazka. Macmillan. London, pp5-16, 1981.
 
Banks RW, Harker DW and Stacey MJ : A study of mammalian intrafusal muscle fibres using a combined histochemical and ultrastructural technique. J Anat 123 : 783-796, 1977.
PubMed
Bannister LH : Sensory terminals of peripheral nerves. In : The Peripheral Nerve. Ed by DN Landon. Chapman & Hall, London, pp396-463, 1976.
 
Barajas L : The innervation of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Lab Invest 13 : 916-922, 1964.
PubMed
Barber RP, Vaughn JE, Saito K, McLaughlin BJ and Roberts E : GABAergic terminals are presynaptic to primary afferent terminals in the substantia gelatinosa of the rat spinal cord. Brain Res 141 : 35-55, 1978.
 
Barchas JD, Akil H, Elliott GR, Holman RB and Watson SJ : Behavioral neurochemistry : Neuroregulators and behavioral states. Science 200 : 964-973, 1978.
PubMed
Barchi RL : Protein components of the purified sodium channel from rat skeletal muscle sarcolemma. J Neurochem 40 : 1377-1385, 1983.
PubMed
Barer R and Lederis K : U It rastructu re of the rabbit neurohypophysis with special reference to the release of hormones. Z Zellforsch 75 : 201-239, 1966.
 
Barger G and Dale HH : Chemical structure and sympathonii nietic action of amines. J Physiol 41 : 19-59, 1910.
 
Bargmann W : Uber die neurosekretorische Verknupfung von hypothalamus and Neurohypophyse. Z Zellforsch 34 : 610-634, 1949.
 
Bargmann W : Das Zwischenhirn-Hypophysensystem. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Gottingen-Heidelberg, 1954.
 
Bargmann W, Lindner E and Andres Kit : Uber Synapses an endokrinen Epithelzellen und Definition sekretorischer Neurone. Untersuchungen am Zwischenlappen der Katzenhypophyse. Z Zellforsch 77 : 282-298. 1967.
 
Barker D : The innervation of the muscle-spindle. Quar J Micr Sci 89 : 143-186, 1948.
 
Barker D : The structure and distribution of muscle receptors. In : Syniposiurn On Muscle Receptors. Ed by D Harker. Hong Kong Univ Press, Hong Kong, pp227-240, 1962.
 
Barker D : The innervation of mammalian skeletal muscle. In : Myotatic, Kinesthetic and Vestibular Mechanisms. Ed by AVS De Reuck and J Knight. Little, Brown and Co. Boston, pp3-15, 1967.
 
Barker D : Morphology of muscle receptors. In : Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Ed by CC Hunt. Vol 3. pt2, Springer-Verlag. Berlin, pp191-234, 1974.
 
Barker D : The motor innervation of muscle spindles. In : Essays on the Nervous System. Ed by R Bellaris and EG Gray. Clarendon Bress, Oxford, pp131-154, 1974.
 
Barker D, Banks RW, Harker DW. Milburn A and Stacey MJ : Studies of histoehemstry, ultrastructure. motorinnervation, and regeneration of mammalian intrafusal muscle fibres. In : Understanding the Stretch Reflex. Progr Brain Res Vol 4, Ed by S Homma. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp67-87, 1974.
 
Barker D, Bessou P, Jankowska E, Pages B and Stacey MJ : Identification of intrafusal muscle fibres acitivated by- single fusimotor axons and injected with fluorescent dye in cat tenuissimus spindles. J Physiol 275 : 149-165. 1978.
 
Barker D and Cope M : The innervation of individual intrafusal muscle fibres. In : Symposium on Muscle Receptors. Ed by D Barker. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. pp263-269, 1962.
 
Barker D. Emonet-Denand F, Harker DW, Jami L and Laporte Y : Distribution of fusimotor axons to intrafusal muscle fibres in cat tenuissimus spindles as determind by the glycogen-depletion method. J Physiol 261 : 46-69, 1976.
 
Barker D, Emonet-Denand F, Harker DW, Jami L and Laporte Y : Types of intra- and extrafusal muscle fibre innervated by dynamic skeletofusimotor axons in cat peroneus brevis and tenuissimus muscles, as determined by the glycogen-depletion method. J Phvsiol 266 : 713-726, 1977.
 
Barker D, Emonet-Denand F, Laporte Y. Proske U and StaceyMJ : Identification des terminaisons motrices des fibres fusimotrices statiques chez le chat. CR Hebd Seanc Acad Sci Paris 271 : 1203-1206, 1970.
 
Barker D, Emonet-Denand F, Laporte Y, Proske U and Stacey MJ : Morphological identification and intrafusal distribution of the endings of static fusimotor axons in the cat. J Physiol 230 : 405-427, 1973.
 
Barker D, Emonet-Denand F, Laporte Y and Stacey MJ : Identification of the intrafusal endings of skeletofusi motor axons in the cat. Brain Res 185 : 227-237, 1980.
PubMed
Barker D and Ip MC : The motor innervation of cat and rabbit muscle spindles. J Physiol 177 : 27-28p, 1965.
 
Barker D and Ip MC : Sprouting and degeneration of mammalian motor axon in normal and deafferented skeletal muscle. Proc Roy Soc London Ser B 163 : 538-554, 1966.
 
Barker D and Milburn A : Increase in number of intrafusal muscle fibres during the development of muscle spindles in the rat. J Physiol 222 : 159-168. 1972.
 
Barker D and Milburn A : Development and regeneration of mammalian muscle spindles. Sci Prog Oxford 69 : 45-64, 1984.
 
Barker D and Stacey MJ : Rabbit intrafusal muscle fibres. J Physiol 210 : 70-72p, 1970.
 
Barker D. Stacey MJ and Adal MN : Fusimotor innervation in the cat. Phil 'Prans Roy Soc London B 258 : 315-346, 1970.
 
Barlow J and Martin R : Structural identification and distribution of sypaptic profiles in the Octopus brain using the zinc-iodie -osmium method. Brain Res 25 : 241-253, 1971.
 
Barr ML : Some observations on the morphology of the synapse in the cat's spinal cord. J Anat (Load) 74 : 1-11, 1939.
 
Barr ML : Axon reaction in mutoneurones and its effect upon the end-bulbs of held-Auerbach. Anat Rec 77 : 367-374, 1940.
 
Bartelmez GW : Mauthner's cell and nucleus motorius tegmenti. J Comp Neurol 25 : 87-128, 1915.
 
Bartelmez GW and lloerr NL : The vestibular club endings in Aneiurus. Further evidence on the morphology of the synapse. J Comp Neurol 57 : 401-428, 1933.
 
Bartfai T : Presynaptic aspects of the coexistence of classical neurotransmitters and peptides. TIPS 6 : 331-334, 1985.
 
Basbaum CB and Heuser JE : Morphological studies of stimulated adrenergic axon varicositics in the mouse vas deferens. J Cell Biol 80 : 310-325, 1979.
PubMed
Baumert M, Takei K, Hartinger H, Burger PM, Fischer V, Mollard G, Maycox PR, De Camilli P and Jahn R : P29 : a novel tyrosine-phosphorylated membrane protein present in small clear vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. J Cell Biol 110 : 1285-1294, 1990.
 
Baumgarten HG, Holstein AF and Owman Ch : Auerbach's plexus of mammals and man : electron microscopic identification of three different types of neuronal processes in myenteric ganglia of the large intestine from rhesus monkeys, guinea-pigs and man. Z Zellforsch 106 : 376-397, 1970.
 
Bayliss WM : Principles of General Physiology. Longmans Green & Co, London 1915 ; 2nd edit, Longmans Green, New York 1918.
 
Bayliss WM and Starling EHl : The mechanism of pancreatic secretion. J Physiol 28 : 325-358, 1902.
 
Bayliss VVM and Starling EH : On the causation of the so-called "peripheral reflex secretion" of the pancreas. Proc Roy Soc (Lond) B 69 : 352-353, 1902.
 
Bayliss WM and Starling EH : The chemical regulation of the secretory process. Proc Roy Soc London, Croonian Lectures 73 : 310-322, 1904.
 
Bazemore AW, Elliott KAC and Florety E : Isolation of Factor I. J Neurochem 1 : 334-339, 1957.
 
Beach R, Kelly PT, Babitch J and Cotnman CW : Identification of myosin in isolated synaptic junctions. Brain Res 225 : 75-93, 1981.
 
Beal MF, Kowall NW, Ellison DW, Mazurek MF, Swartz KJ and Martin JB : Replication of the neurochemical characteristics of Huntington's disease by ginolinic acid. Nature 321 : 168-171, 1986.
PubMed
Beale LS : On the distribution of nerves to the elementary fibres of striped muscle. Phil Trans Roy Soc (Lond) Ser B. 611-618, 1860.
 
Beale LS : Further observations on the distribution of nerves to the elementary fibres of striped muscles. Phil Trans Poy Soc (Lond) Ser B, 889-910, 1862.
 
Bean AJ and Roth RII : Extracellular dopamine and neurotensin in rat prefrontal cortex in vivo : effects of medial forebrain bundle stimulation frequency, stimulation pattern, and dopamine autoreceptors. J Neurosci 11 : 2694-2704, 1991.
 
Beaudet A and Descarries L : Fine structure of monoamine axon terminals in cerebral cortex. In : Monoamine Innervation of Cerebral Cortex. Ed by L Descarries, RR Reader and HH Jasper. Alan R Liss Inc, New York, pp77-93, 1984.
 
Beaudet A and Sotelo C : Synaptic remodeling of serotonin axon terminals in rat agranular cerebellum. Brain Res 206 : 305-329, 1981.
PubMed
Beaulieu C and Colonnier M : A laminar analysis of the number of round-asymmetric and flatsymmetric synapses of spines, dendritic trunks and cell bodies in area 17 of the cat. J Comp Neurol 231 : 180-189, 1985.
 
Beccari N : Ricerche sulle cellule e fibre del Mauthner e sulle loro connessioni in pesci ed amfibii. Arch Ital Anat Embryol 6 : 660-705, 1907.
 
Beckman JS, Beckman TW, Chen J, Marshall PA and Freeman BA : Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite : Implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 : 1620-1624, 1990.
PubMed
Belai A. Schmidt HHHW, Hoyle CHV, Hassell CJS, Murad F and Burnstock G : Co-localization of nitric oxide synthase and NADPH diaphorase in the myenteric plexus of the rat gut. Neurosci Lett 143 : 60-64, 1992.
 
Belai A, Schmidt HHHW, Hoyle CHV, Hassell CJS, Saffrey MJ, Moss J, Forstermann U, Murad F and Burnstock G : Co-localization of nitric oxide synthase and NADPH diaphorase in the myenteric plexus of the rat gut. Neurosci Lett 143 : 60-64, 1992.
 
Bell C : Autonomic Neuromuscular Transmission. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, 1969.
 
Ben-Ari Y : Galanin and glibenclamide modulate the anoxic release of glutamate in rat CA3 hippocampal neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2 : 62-68, 1990.
PubMed
Ben Ari Y, Krnjevick, Reinhardt W and Ropert N : Intracellular observations on the disinhibitory action of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. Neuroscience 6 : 2475-2484, 1981.
PubMed
Benfenati F, Valtorta F, Rubenstein JL, Gorelick FS, Greengard P and Czemik AJ : Synaptic vesicle-associated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is a binding protein for synapsin I. Nature 359 : 417-420, 1992.
 
Bennett MR : Autonomic Neuromuscular Transmission. Cambridge Uviv Press, Cambridge, 1972.
 
Bennett MVL : Electric organs. In : Fish Physiology. Vol. 5. Ed by JS Iloar and DJ Randall. Academic Press, New York, pp347-491, 1971.
 
Bennett MVL : Function of electrotonic junctions in embryonic and adult tissue. Fed Proc 32 : 65-75, 1973.
 
Bennett MVL : Flexibility and rigidity in electrotonically coupled systems. In : Synaptic Transmission and Neuronal Interaction. Ed by MVL Bennett. Raven Press, New York, pp153-178, 1974.
 
Bennett MVL : Electrical transmission : a functional analysis and comparison to chemical transmission. In : Handbook of Physiology, Section 1, Neurophysiology, Vol 1, Cellular Biology of Neurons. Ed by ER Kandel. Amer Physiol Soc, Bethesda MD, pp357-416, 1977.
 
Bennett MVL, Aljure G, Nakajima Y and Pappas GD : Electrotonic junctions between teleost spinal neurons : electrophysiology and ultrastructure. Science 141 : 262-264, 1963.
 
Bennett MVL, Barrio LC, Bargiello TA, Spray DC, Hertzerg E and Saez JC : Gap junctions : new tools, new answers, new questions. Neuron 6 : 305-320, 1991.
 
Bennett MVL and Dunham PB : Sucrose permeability of junctional membrane at an electrotonic synapse. Biophys J 10 : 117a, 1970.
 
Bennett MVL, Dunham PB and Pappas GD : Ion fluxes through a "tight junction". J Gen Physiol 50 : 1094, 1967.
 
Bennett MVL, Gimenez M, Nakajima Y and Pappas GD : Electrophysiology and fine structure of medullary neurons controlling electric discharge in Gynnotids. Fed Proc 23 : 152, 1964.
 
Bennett MVL, Nakajima Y and Pappas GD : Physiology and ultrastructure of electrotonic junctions. I. Supramedullary neurons. J Neurophysiol 30 : 161-179, 1967.
 
Bennett MVL, Nakajima Y and Pappas GD : Physiology and ultrastructure of electrotonic junctions. III. Giant electromotor neurons of Malapter usus electricus. J Neurophysiol 30 : 209-235, 1967.
 
Bennett MVL, Pappas GD, Aljure E and Nakajima Y : Physiology and ultrastructure of electrotonic junctions. II. Spinal and medullary electromotor nuclei in Mormyrid fish. J Neurophysiol 30 : 180-208, 1967.
 
Bennett MVL, Pappas GD, Gimenez M and Nakajima Y : Physiology and ultrastructure of electrotonic junctions. IV. Medullary electromotor nuclei in Gymnotid fish. J Neurophysiol 30 : 236-300, 1967.
 
Bennett MVL, Sandri C and Akert K : Neuronal gap junctions and morphologically mixed synapses in the spinal cord of a teleost, Sternarchus albifrons (Gymnotoidei). Brain Res 143 : 43-60, 1978.
 
Bennett MVL and Spray D : Gap Junction. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1985.
 
Bense W : Ueber Nervenendigungen in den Geschlechtsorganen. Z Rat Med 33 : 1-14, 1868.
 
Berchtold-Kanz E, Anhut H, Heldt R, Neufang B and Hertting G : Regional distribution of arachidonic acid metabolites in rat brain following convulsive stimuli. Prostaglandins 22 : 65-79, 1981.
PubMed
Bergmann G : Die Uberfuhrung von Cystin in Taurin im tierischen Organismus. Beitr Chem Pathol 4 : 192-211, 1904.
 
Berkhout H : The morphology and distribution of cutanesus mechanoreceptors (Herbst and Grandry corpuscles) in bill and tongue of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L). Nether) J Zool 30 : 1-34, 1980.
 
Bern HA, Nishioka RS and Ilagedorn IR : Association of elementary neurosecretory granules with the Golgi complex. J Ultrastruct Res 5 : 311-320, 1961.
 
Bernard C : Legons sur les effects des substances toxiques et medicamenteuses. Bailliere, Paris, 1857.
 
Bernard C : Le curare. In : La Science Experimentale. Bailliere, Paris, pp237-315, 1878.
 
Bernardi G, Marciani MG, Morocutti C, Pavone F and Stanzione P : The action of dopamine on rat caudate neurones intracellularly recorded. Neurosci Lett 8 : 235-240, 1978.
PubMed
Bernstein J : Untersuchungen zur Thermodynamik der bioelektrischen Strome. Pfluger Arch 92 : 521-562, 1902.
 
Bernstein JJ and Bernstein ME : Ventral horn synaptology in the rat. J Neurocytol 5 : 109-123, 1976,
 
Bertler A and Rosengren E : Occurrence and distribution of catecholamines in brain. Acta Physiol Scand 47 : 350-361, 1959.
PubMed
Bertler A and Rosengren E : On the distribution in brain of monoamines and of enzymes responsible for their formation. Experientia 15 : 382-384, 1959.
PubMed
Bessou P, Emonet-Denand and Laporte Y : Occurrence of intrafusal muscle fibre innervation by branches of slow A motor fibres in the cat. Nature 198 : 594-595, 1963.
 
Bessou P, Emonet-Denand F and Laporte Y : Motor fibres innervating extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibres in the cat. J Physiol 180 : 649-672, 1965.
 
Bethe A : Uber die Primitivfibri lien in den Ganglienzellen von Menschen and Wirbelthieren. Morphol Arbeiten 8 : 95-116, 1898.
 
Bethe A : Uber die Neurofibrillen in den Ganglienzellen von Wirbeltieren and ihre Beziehungen zu den Golginetzen. Arch mikr. Anat 55 : 513-558, 1900.
 
Betz H : Ligand-gated ion channels in the brain : The amino acid receptor superfamily. Neuron 5 : 383-392, 1990.
PubMed
Betz WJ, Mao F and Bewick GS : Activity-dependent fluorescent staining and destaining of living vertebrate motor nerve terminals. J Neurosci 12 : 363-375, 1992.
PubMed
Bevan JA, Bevan RD and Buckles SP : Adrenergic regulation of vascular smooth muscle. In : Handbook of Physiology. Ed by DF Bohr, AP Somlyo and HV Sparks. Cardiovascular System. Vol II. Vascular Smooth Muscle. Amer Physiol Soc, Baltimore, pp515-566, 1980.
 
Bevan S and Steinbach JH : The distribution of α-bungarotoxin binding sites on mammalian skeletal muscle developing in vivo. J Physiol 267 : 195-213, 1977.
 
Biddle F, March E and Miller JR : Mouse News Letter 48 : 24, 1973.
 
Bielschowsky M : Die Silberimpragnation der Axencylinder. Neurol Centr-bl 21 : 579-584, 1902.
 
Bielschowsky M : Die Silberimpragnation der Neurofibrillen. Neurol Centr-bl 22 : 997-1006, 1903.
 
Bielschowsky M : Die Silberimpragnation der Neurofibrillen. J Psychol Neurol (Lpz) 3 : 169-198, 1904.
 
Bielschowsky M : Zentrale Nervenfasern. In : Mollendorffs Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomic des Menschen. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Bd IV, Teil 1, S 97-118, 1928.
 
Biemesderfer D, Munger BL, Binck J and Dubner R : The pilo-Ruffini complex : A non-sinus hair and associated slowly-adapting mechanoreceptor in primate facial skin. Brain Res 142 : 197-222, 1978.
PubMed
Binder MD, llouk JC. Nichols TR, Rymer WZ and Stuart DG : Properties and segmental actions of mammalian muscle receptors : An update. Fed Proc 41 : 2907-2918, 1982.
 
Birks RI : The relationship of transmitter release and storage to fine structure in a sympathetic ganglion. J Neurocytol 3 : 133 160, 1974.
 
Birks RI, Huxley HE and Katz B : The fine structure of the neuromuscular junction of the frog. J Physiol 150 : 134-144, 1960.
 
Bishop GH, Heinbecker P and O' Leary L : The function of the non myelinated fibers of the dorsal roots. Airier J Physiol 106 : 647-669, 1933.
 
Bittner CD and Kennedy D : Quantitative aspects of transmitter release. J Cell Biol 47 : 585-592, 1970.
 
Black JA, Kocsis JD and Waxman SG : Ion channel organization of the myelinated fiber. Trends Neurosci 13 : 48-54, 1990.
PubMed
Blackstad TW and Dahl HA : Quantitative evaluation of structures in contact with neuronal sonata. Acta Morphol Neerl Scand 4 : 329-343, 1961.
 
Blaschko H, Comline RS, Schneider F, Silver M and Smith AD : Secretion of chromaffin granule protein, chromogranin, from the adrenal gland after splanchnic stimulation. Nature 215 : 58-59, 1967.
PubMed
Bliss TVP and Lomo T : Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path. J Physiol 232 : 331-356, 1973.
 
Blix M : Experimentelle Beitrage zur Losung der Frage uber die spezifische Energie des Hautneryen. Z Biol 20 : 56-141, 1884.
 
Blomberg F, Cohen RS and Siekevitz P : The structure of postsynaptic densities isolated from dog cerebral cortex. II. Characterization and arrangement of some of the major proteins within the structure. J Cell Biol 72 : 204-225, 1977.
 
Bloom FE : The formation of synaptic junctions in developing rat brain. In : Structure and Function of Synapses. Ed by GD Pappas and DP Purpura. Raven Press, New York, pp101-120, 1972.
 
Bloom FE and Aghajanian GK : Cytochemistry of synapses : selective staining for electron microscopy. Science 154 : 1575-1577, 1966.
PubMed
Bloom FE and Aghajanian GK : Fine structural cytochemical analysis of the staining of synaptic junctions with phosphotungustic acid. J Ultrastruct Res 22 : 361-375, 1968.
 
Bloom FE and Barrnett RT : Fine structural localization of noradrenaline in vesicles of autonomic nerve endings. Nature 210 : 599-601, 1966.
 
Bloom FE and Giarman NJ : Physiologic and pharmacologic considerations of biogenic amines in the nervous system. Ann Rev Pharmacol 8 : 229-258, 1968.
PubMed
Bloom FE and Iversen LL : Localizing 3H-GABA in nerve terminals of rat cerebral cortex by electron microscopic autoradiography. Nature 229 : 628-630, 1971.
PubMed
Bloom FE, Iversen LL and Schmitt FO : Macromolecules in synaptic function. Neurosci Res Program Bull 8 : 325-455, 1970.
 
Blunt MJ, Baldwin F and Wendell Smith CP : Gliogenesis and myelination in kitten optic nerve. Z Zellforsch 124 : 293-310, 1972.
PubMed
Bodian D : The structure of the vertebrate synapse. A study of the axon endings on Mauthner's cell and neighboring centers in the goldfish. J Comp Neurol 68 : 117-159, 1937.
 
Bodian D : Further notes on the vertebrate synapse. J Comp Neurol 73 : 323-343, 1940.
 
Bodian D : Cytological aspects of synaptic function. Physiol Rev 22 : 146-169, 1942.
 
Bodian D : Introductory survey of neurons. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant Biol 17 : 1-13, 1952.
PubMed
Bodian D : An electron microscopic study of the monkey spinal cord. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 114 : 13-119, 1964.
PubMed
Bodian D : Electron microscopy : two major synaptic types on spinal motoneurons. Science 151 : 1093-1094, 1966.
PubMed
Bodian D : Development of fine structure of spinal cord in monkey fetuses. 1. The motoneuron neuropil at the time of onset of reflex activity. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 119 : 129-149, 1966.
 
Bodian D : An electron microscopic characterization of classes of synaptic vesicles by means of controlled aldehyde fixation. J Cell Biol 44 : 115-124, 1970.
PubMed
Budian D : Synaptic density and characterization by electron microscopy. Ed by GD Pappas and DP Purpura. Raven Press, New York, pp45-65, 1972.
 
Bodian D : Origin of specific synaptic types in the motoneuron neuropil of the monkey. J Comp Neurol 159 : 225-244, 1975.
PubMed
Boeke J : Beitrige zur Kenntnis der motorischen Nervenendigungen. I. Die Form and Struktur der motorischen Endplatte der quergestreiften Muskelfasern bei den hoheren Vertebraten. II. Die akzessorischen Fasern and Endplattchen. Internat Mschr Anat Physiol 28 : 377-436, 1911.
 
Boeke J : On the regeneration of sensitive end corpuscles after section of the nerve. Proc Roy Acad of Amsterdam 25 : 319-323, 1922.
 
Boeke J : Nerve endings, motor and sensory. In : Cytology and cellular pathology of the nervous system. Ed by W Penfield. Vol. 1, 243-315, 1932.
 
Boeke J : Problems of Nervous Anatomy. Oxford Univ Press, London, 1940.
 
Bogdanski DF, Pletscher A, Brodie BB and Udenfriend S : Identification and assay of serotonin in brain. J Pharmacol Exper Therap 117 : 82-88, 1956.
 
Bohan TP, Boyne AF, Guth PS, Narayan Y and Williams TH : Electron dense particle in cholinergic synaptic vesicles. Nature 214 : 32, 1973.
 
Bohme GA, Bon C, Stutzmann J-M, Doble A and Blanchard J-C : Possible involvement of nitric oxide in long-term potentiation. Fur J Pharmacol 199 : 379-381, 1991.
 
Bolanowski SJ : Intensity and frequency charac teristics of Pacinian corpuscles. III. Effects of tetrodotoxin on the transduction process. J Neurophysiol 51 : 813-839, 1984.
 
Boler J, Enzmann F, Folkers K, Bowers CY and Schally AV : The identity of chemical and hormonal properties of the thyrotropin releasing hormone and pyroglutamyl - histidyl - proline amide. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 37 : 705-710, 1969.
PubMed
Bondareff W : Localization of α-methylnorepinephrine in sympathetic nerve fibers of the pineal body. Exper Neurol 16 : 131-135, 1966.
 
Bondareff W : Submicroscopic localization of norepinephrine in sympathetic nerves of rat pineal. Anat Rec 154 : 498-499, 1966.
 
Bondareff W : An intercellular substance in rat cerebral cortex : submicroscopic distribution of ruthenium red. Anat Rec 157 : 527-536, 1967.
 
Bondareff W and Gordon B : Submicroscopic localization of norepinephrine in sympathetic nerves of rat pineal. J Pharmakol Exper Therap 153 : 42-47, 1966.
 
Bondareff W and Sjostrand J : Cytochemistry of synaptosomes. Exper Neurol 24 : 450-458, 1969.
 
Banner TI : The molecular basis of muscarinic receptor diversity. Trends Neurosci 12 : 148-151, 1989.
 
Bonnet R : Studien uber die Innervation der Haarbalge der Hausthiere. Morphol Jahrb Leipzig 4 : 329. 398. 1878.
 
Bonnet R : Uber die Merkelschen Tastzellen in der Haut. (Ges Morphol Physiol Munchen 11. Nov 1884). Arztl Intelligenzbl Munchen 32 Jahrg, 30, 1885.
 
Boone TB and Aldes LD : Synaptology of the hypoglossal nucleus in the rat. Exper Brain Res 57 : 22-32, 1984.
 
Botezat E : Die Apparate des Gefuhlssinnes der nackten and behaarten Saugetierhaut, mit Berucksichtigung des Menschen. Anat Anz 42 : 193-250 u 276-182, 1912.
 
Bowden REM : The functional anatomy of striated muscle. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 38 : 41-59, 1966.
 
Bowers B : Coated vesicles in the pericardial cells of the aphid (Myzus persicae Sulz). Protoplasma 59 : 351-367, 1964.
 
Bowery NG, Hill DR and Hudson AL : Characteristics of GABAB receptor binding sites on rat whole brain synaptic membranes. Brit J Pharmacol 78 : 191-206, 1983.
 
Boyd JD : Development of striated muscle. In : Structure and Functions of Muscle. Ed by GH Bourne. Academic Press, New York, Vol 1, pp63-85, 1960.
 
Boyd IA : The diameter and distribution of the nuclear bag and nuclear chain muscle fibres in the muscle spindles of the cat. J Physiol 153 : 23-24p, 1960.
 
Boyd IA : The motor innervation of mammalian muscle spindles. J Physiol 159 : 7-9p, 1961.
 
Boyd IA : The structure and innervation of the nuclear bag muscle fibre system and the nuclear chain muscle fibre system in mammalian muscle spindles. Proc Roy Soc B 245 : 81-136, 1962.
 
Boyd IA : The nuclear-bag fibre and nuclear-chain fibre system in the muscle spindles of the cat. In : Symposium on Muscle Receptors. Ed by D Barker. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp185-190, 1962.
 
Boyd IA : The behaviour of isolated mammalian muscle spindles with intact innervation. J Physiol 186 : 109-110p, 1966.
 
Boyd IA : The mechanical properties of mammalian intrafusal muscle fibres. J Physiol 187 : 10-12p, 1966.
 
Boyd IA : Specific fusimotor control of nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibres in cat muscle spindles. J Physiol 214 : 30-31p, 1971.
 
Boyd IA : The action of the three types of intrafusal fibre in isolated cat muscle spindles on the dynamic and length sensitivities of primary and secondary sensory endings. In : Muscle Receptors and Movement. Ed by A Taylor and A Prochazka. Macmillan, London, pp17-32, 1981.
 
Boyd IA : Muscle spindles and stretch reflexes. In : Scientific Basis of Clinical Neurology. Ed by M Swash and C Kennard. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp74-97, 1985.
 
Boyd IA and Gladden MH : Morphology of mammalian muscle spindles, a review. In : The Muscle Spindle. Ed by IA Boyd and MH Gladden. Macmillan, London, pp3-22, 1985.
 
Boyd IA, Gladden MH, McWilliam PN and Ward J : Study of β innervation and of β and γ control of isolated muscle spindles in the cat hindlimb. J Anat 119 : 198p, 1975.
 
Boyd IA, Gladden MH, McWilliam PN and Ward J : 'Static' and 'dynamic' nuclear bag fibres in isolated cat muscle spindles. J Physiol 250 : 11-12p, 1975.
 
Boyd IA, Gladden MB, McWilliam PN and Ward J : Control of dynamic and static nuclear hag fibres and nuclear chain fibres by gamma and beta axons in isolated cat muscle spindles. J Physiol 265 : 133-162, 1977.
 
Boyd IA and Ward J : Motor control of nuclear bag and nuclear chain intrafusal fibres in isolated living muscle spindles from the cat. J Physiol 244 : 83-112, 1975.
 
Brazeau P, Ling N, Bohlen P, Esch F, Ying S-Y and Guillemin R : Growth hormone-releasing factor, somatostatin, releases pituitary growth hormone in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 : 7909-7913, 1982.
PubMed
Brazeau P, Vale W. Burgus R, Ling N, Butcher M, Rivier J and Guillemin R : Hypothalamic polypeptide that inhibits the secretion of immunoreactive pituitary growth hormone. Science 179 : 77-79, 1973.
PubMed
Breathnach AS : Electron microscopy of cutaneous nerves and receptors. J Invest Dermatol 69 : 8-26, 1977.
PubMed
Breathnach AS : The mammalian and avian Merkel cell. In : The Skin of Vertebrates. Linnean Society Symposium Series no. 9. Ed by RIC Spearman and PA Riley. Academic Press, Lon don, pp283-291, 1980.
 
Breathnach AS and Robins E : Ultrastructural observations on Merkel cells in human fetal skin. J Anat 106 : 411, 1970.
 
Bredt DS, Ferris CI) and Snyder SH : Nitric oxide synthase regulatory sites : Phosphorylation by cyclic APP dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C. and calcium/calmodulin protein kinase : Identification of flavin and calmodulin binding sites. J Biol Chem 267 : 10976-10981, 1992.
 
Bredt DS, Glatt CE, Hwang PM, Fotuhi M, Dawson TM and Snyder SH : Nitric oxide synthase protein and mRNA are discretely localized in neuronal populations of the mammalian CNS together with NADPH diaphorase. Neuron 7 : 615-624, 1991.
PubMed
Bredt DS, Hwang PM, Glatt CE, Lowenstein C, Reed RR and Svnder SH : Cloned and expressed nitric oxide synthase structurally resembles cytochronic P-450 reductase. Nature 351 : 714-718, 1991.
 
Bredt DS, Hwang PM and Synder SH : Localization of nitric oxide synthase indicating a neural role for nitric oxide. Nature 347 : 768-770, 1990.
 
Bredt DS and Synder SH : Nitric oxide mediaters glutamate-linked enhancement of cGMP levels in the cerebellum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 : 9030-9033, 1989.
 
Bredt DS and Synder SH : Isolation of nitric oxide synthetase, a calmodulin-requiring enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 : 682-685, 1990.
 
Bredt DS and Synder SH : Nitric oxide, a novel neuronal messenger. Neuron 8 : 3-11, 1992.
 
Bremer L : Ueber die Muskelspindeln nebst Bemer kungen uber Struktur, Neubildung and Innervation der quergestreiften Muskelfaser. Arch Mikr Anat 22 : 318-356, 1882.
 
Brenowitz GL, Tweedle CD and Johnson JI : The development of receptors in the glabrous forepaw skin of pouch young opossums. Neuroscience 5 : 1303-1310, 1983.
 
Bridgman CF : The structure of tendon organs in the cat : a proposed mechanism for responding to muscle tension. Anat Rec 162 : 209-220, 1968.
 
Brightnian MW and Reese TS : Junctions between intimately apposed cell membranes in the verte brate brain. J Cell Biol 40 : 648-677, 1969.
 
Brink PR and Dewey MM : Evidence for fixed charge in the nexus. Nature 285 : 101-102, 1980.
PubMed
Brodde O-E. O'Hara N, Zerkowski HR and Rohm N : Human cardiac beta-adrenoreceptors : both beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoreceptors are functionally coupled to the adenylate cyclase in right atrium. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 6 : 1184-91, 1984.
 
Brooks C Me and Eccles JC : An electrical hypothesis of central inhibition. Nature 159 : 760-764, 1947.
 
Brooks C Mc, Ishikawa T, Koizumi K and Lu H-H : Activity of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and its control. J Physiol 182 : 217-231, 1966.
 
Brown AG : Sensory function. In Scientific Basis of Dermatology. A Physiological Approach. Ed by AJ Thody and PS Friedmann. Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh, pp74-88. 1986.
 
Brown DA : Slow cholinergic excitation-a mechanism for increasing neuronal excitability. Trends Neurosci 6 : 303-307, 1983.
 
Brown DA : G-proteins and potassium currents in neurons. Anon Rev Physiol 52 : 215-242, 1990.
 
Brown DD : Gene expression in eukaryotes. Science 211 : 667-674, 1981.
PubMed
Brown GL. Dale HH and Feldberg NV : Reactions of the normal mammalian muscle to acetylcholine and to eserine. J physiol 87 : 394-424, 1936.
 
Brown-Sequard ME : Recherches experimentales sur la physiologie et la pathologie des capsules surrenales. CR Sean Acad Sci 43 : 422-425, 1816.
 
Brown-Sequard C-E : Recherches sur la transmis sion des impressions de tact, de chatoullement, de douleur, de temperature et de contraction (sens musculaire) dans la moelle epiniere. J Physiol (Paris) 6 : 124-145, 232-248, 581-646, 1863.
 
Brown-Sequard C-E : Nouvelles recherches sur l'epilepsie due a certaines lesion de la moelle epiniere et des nerfs rachidiens. Arch Physiol Norm et Pathol 2 : 211-220, 422-438, 496-503, 1866.
 
Brownstein MJ and Mezey E : Multiple chemical messengers in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons. Prog Brain Res 68 : 161-168, 1986.
PubMed
Brune B and Lapetina EG : Activation of a cytosolic ADP-ribosyltransferase by nitric oxidegenerating agents. J Biol Chem 264 : 8455-8458, 1989.
PubMed
Bruni C and Porter KR : The fine structure of the parenchymal cell of the normal rat liver. Amer J Pathol 46 : 691-755, 1965.
 
Buckley KM, Floor E and Kelly RB : Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA encoding p38, a major synaptic vesicle protein. J Cell Biol 105 : 2447-2456, 1987.
 
Buckley KM and Kelly RB : Identification of a transmembrane glycoprotein specific for secretory vesicles of neural and endocrine cells. J Cell Biol 100 : 1284-1294, 1985.
 
Bulbring E : The action of adrenaline on transmission in the superior cervical ganglion. J Physiol 103 : 55-67, 1944.
PubMed
Bulbring E and Burn JH : Liberation of noradrenaline from the suprarenal gland. Brit J Pharmacol 4 : 202-208, 1949.
PubMed
Bulbring E and Burn JH : Formation of adrenaline from noradrenaline in the perfused suprarenal gland. Brit J Pharmacol 4 : 245-247, 1949.
PubMed
Bult H, Boeckxstaens GE, Pelckmans PA, Jordaens FH, Van Maercke YM and Herman AG : Nitric oxide as an inhibitory non adrenergic noncholinergic neurotransmitter. Nature 345 : 346-347, 1990.
PubMed
Bunt AH : Formation of coated and 'synaptic' vesicles within neurosecretory axon terminals of the crustacean sinus gland. J Ultrastruct Res 28 : 411-421, 1969.
 
Bunt AH : Enzymatic digestion of synaptic ribbons in amphibian retinal photoreceptors. Brain Res 25 : 571-577, 1971.
PubMed
Burden SJ, Sargent PB and McMahan UJ : Acetylcholine receptors in regenerating muscle accumulate at original synaptic sites in the absence of the nerve. J Cell Biol 82 : 412-425, 1979.
PubMed
Burges PR and Perl ER : Cutaneous mechanoreceptars and nociceptors. In : Handbook of Sensory Physiolgy. Vol 2 Somatoseusory System. Ed by A Iggo. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp29-78, 1973.
 
Burgess TL and Kelly RB : Constitutive and regulated secretion of proteins. Ann Rev Cell Biol 3 : 243-294, 1987.
PubMed
Burgos R, Dunn TF, Desiderio D et Guillemin R : Structure moleculaire du facteur hypothalamique hypophysiotrope TRF-d'origine ovine : evidence par spectometrie du masse de la sequence PCAHis- Pro-NH2. C R Acad Sci, Paris 269 : 1870-1893, 1969.
 
Burnstock G : Structure of smooth muscle and its innervation. In : Smooth Muscle. Ed by E Bulbring, H Brading and Jones A. Arnold, London, pp1-69, 1970.
 
Burnstock G, Satchell DG and Smythe A : A comparison of the excitatory and inhibitory effects of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve stimulation and exogenously applied ATP on a variety of smooth muscle preparations from different vertebrate species. Brit J Pharmacol 46 : 234-242, 1991.
 
Burry RW, Kniss DA and Scribner LR : Mechanismus of synapse formation and maturation. In : Current Topics in Research on Synapsis. Ed by DG Jones. Alan Liss, New York, pp1-57, 1984.
 
Burt AM : The histochemical demonstration of choline acetyltransferase activity in the spinal cord of the rat. Anat Rec 163 : 162, 1969.
 
Byers MR : Sensory innervation of periodontal ligament of rat molars consists of unencapsulated Ruffini-like mechanoreceptors and free nerve endings. J Comp Neurol 231 : 500-518, 1985.
PubMed
Caesar R, Edwards GA and Ruska H : Architecture and nerve supply of mammalian smooth muscle tissue. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 3 : 867-878, 1957.
PubMed
Cajal S Ramon y : Estructura de los centros nerviosos de las ayes. Rev trim Histol norm Patol 1 : 1-10, 1888.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Terminaciones nerviosas los husos musculares de la rana. Rev trim Histol norm Patol 1 : 1888.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sobre les fibras nerviosas de la capa molecular del cerebelo. Rev trim Histol norm Patol 1 : 33-49, 1888.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sur l'origine et la direction des prolongations nerveuses de la couche moleculaire du cervelet. Internat Mach Anat Physiol 6 : 158-174, 1889.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sobre las fibras nerviosas de la capa granulosa del cerebelo. Rev trim Histol norm Patol 1 : 107-118, 1889.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Connexion general de los elementos nerviosos. La Medicina Practica. Madrid 2 : 341-346, 1889 (Reprinted in Trabajos escogidos, tomo 1, Jimenez y Molina, Madrid pp 378-487, 1924)
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sur l'origine et les ramifications des fibres nerveuses de la moelle embryonnaire. Anat Anz 5 : 85-95 et 111-119, 1890.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sur les fibres nerveuses de la couche granuleuse du cervelet et sur l'evolution des elements cerebelleux. Internat Mschr Anat Physiol 7 : 12-31, 1890.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : A propos de certains elements bipolaires du cervelet avec quelques details nouveaux sur l'avolution des fibres cerebelleuse. Internat Mschr Anat Physiol 7 : 447-468, 1890.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sur la fine structure do lobe aptique des oiseaux et sur l'origine reelle des nerfs optiques. J Internat Anat Physiol 8 : 337-366, 1891.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sur la structure de l'ecorce carabrale de quelques mammiferes. La Cellule 7 : 125-176, 1891. (On the structure of the cerebral cortex of certain mammals. In : Cajal : On the Cerebral Cortex. J De Felipe and EG Jones, Oxford University Press, pp 23-54, 1988.)
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sobre la existencia de bifurcaciones y colaterales en los nervios sensitivos craneales y sustancia blanca del cerebro. Nota preventiva Gac san Barcelona 3 : 282-284, 1891.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Nuevo concepto de la histologia de Ins centros nerviosos. Rev Cien mad Barcelona 18 : 361-376, 1892.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Neue Darstellung vom histologischen Ban des Centralnervensystems. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abt, Suppl. 1893 : 319-428.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Les nouvelles idees sur la structure du systame nerveux chez l'homme et chez les vertebras. Reinwald, Paris, 1895.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : La red superficial de las celulas nerviosas centrales. Rev Trim Micrograf 3 : 163-178, 1897.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Un sencillo metodo de coloracion selectiva del reticulo protoplasmico y sus efectos en los diversos organos nerviosos. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 2 : 129-221, 1903.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Les structures et les connexions des cellules nerveux. In : Les Prix Nobel 1904-1906. Norstedt, Stockholm, 1906. (The structure and connexions of neurons In : Nobel Lectures : Physiology or Medicine 1901-1921, Elsevier, Amsterdam pp 220-253, 1906.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Histologie du Systeme Nerveux de l'Homme et des Vertebras. Maloine, Paris, Vol 1, pp 986, Vol 2, pp 993 (Translated by L. Azoulay), 1909/1911.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Los fenomenos precoces de la degeneration neuronal en el cerebelo. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 8 : 197-236, 1911.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Contribution al conocimiento de la neuroglia del cerebro humano. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 11 : 255-315, 1913.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Accion neurotropica de los epitelios. (Algunos detalles sobre el mecanismo genetico de las ramifications nerviosas intraepiteliales, sensitivas y sensoriales.) Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 17 : 181-228, 1919.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Les preuves objectives de l'unite anatomique des cellules nerveuses. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 29 : 1-137, 1934.
 
Cajal S Ramon N : Die Neuronenlehre. In : Bumke-Foersters Handbuch der Neurologie. Bd 1, 887-994, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1935.
 
Calcutt CR : The role of histamine in brain. Gen Pharmacol 7 : 15-25, 1976.
PubMed
Cannon WB and Bacq ZM : Studies on conditions of activity in endocrine organs. XXVI. A hormone produced by sympathetic action of smooth muscle. Amer J Physiol 96 : 390-412, 1931.
 
Cannon WB and Lissak K : Evidence for adrenaline in adrenergie neurones. Amer J Physiol 125 : 765-777, 1939.
 
Cannon WB and Rosenblueth A : Studies on conditions of activity in endocrine organs. XXIX. Sympathin E and I. Amer J Physiol 104 : 557-574, 1933.
 
Cannon WB and Uridil JE : Studies on conditions of activity in endocrine organs. VIII. Some effects on the denervated heart of stimulating the nerves of the liver. Amer J Physicl 58 : 353-364, 1921.
 
Cantino O and Mugnaini E : The structural basis for electrotonic coupling in the avian ciliary ganglion. A study with thin sectioning and freezefracturing. J Neurocytol 4 : 505-536, 1975.
 
Capenter FW : Nerve endings of sensory type in muscular coat of the stomach and small intestine. J Comp Neurol 29 : 553-560, 1918.
 
Card JP, Riley JN and Moore RY : The motor trigeminal nucleus of the rat : analysis of neuronal structure and the synaptic organization of noradrenergic efferents. J Comp Neurol 250 : 469-484, 1986.
 
Carlin RK, Grab DJ, Cohen RS and Siekevitz P : Isolation and characterization of postsynaptic densities from various brain regions : enrichment of different types of postsynaptic densities. J Cell Biol 86 : 831-843, 1980.
PubMed
Carlin RK and Siekevitz P : Plasticity in the central nervous system : do synapses divide? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80 : 3517-3521, 1983.
PubMed
Carlini EA and Green JP : The subcellular distribution of histamine, slow-reactive substance and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain of the rat. Brit J Pharmacol 20 : 264-277, 1963.
 
Carlsen J and Heimer L : A correlated light and electron microscopic immunocytological study of cholinergic terminals and neurons in the rat amygdaloid body with special emphasis on the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus. J Comp Neurol 244 : 121-136, 1985.
 
Cartaud J. Benedetti EL, Cohen JB, Meunier JC and Changeux J-P : Presence of a lattice structure in membrane fragments rich in nicotinic receptor protein from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. FEBS Letters 33 : 109-113, 1973.
 
Cartaud J, Benedetti EL, Sobel A and Changeux J-P : A morphological study of the cholinergic receptor protein from Torpedo marmorata in its membrane environment and its detergentextracted form. J Cell Sci 29 : 313-337, 1978.
 
Casey PJ, Graziano MP, Freissmuth M and Gilman AG : Role of G proteins in transmembrane signaling. Cold Spring Harbor Symp, Quart Biol 53 : 203-208, 1988.
 
Caspar DLD, Goodenough DA, Makowsky I and Phillips WC : Gap junction structures. I. Correlated electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. J Cell Biol 74 : 605-628, 1977.
 
Castaldi L : Filippo Pacini (1812-1883). Sperimentale 78 : 276-282, 1924.
 
Castano P and Ventura RG : The Meissner's corpuscle of the green-monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops L). I. The organization of nervous component. J Submicr Cytol 10 : 327-344, 1978.
 
Castano P and Ventura RG : The Meissner's corpuscle of the green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops L). II. The connective tissue components. Some considerations from a functional standpoint. J Submicr Cytol 11 : 185-191, 1979.
 
Cattaneo A : Sugli organi nervosi terminali musculs-tendinei in condizioni normal e sol loro modo di comportarsi in sequito al taglio delle radici nervose e dei nervi spinali. Mem. R. Accad Sci Torino 38 : 237-256, 1888.
 
Catterall WA : Structure and function of voltagesensitive ion channels. Science 242 : 50-61, 1988.
PubMed
Cauna N : Nerve supply and nerve endings in Meissner's corpuscles. Amer J Anat 99 : 315-350, 1956.
 
Cauna N : Structure of digital touch corpuscles. Acta Anat 32 : 1-23, 1958.
PubMed
Cauna N : The distribution of cholinesterase in the cutaneous receptor organs, especially touch corpuscles of the human finger. J Histochem Cytochem 8 : 367-375, 1960.
 
Cauna N : Functional significance of the submicroscopical, histochemical and microscopical onganization of the cutaneous receptor organs. Anat Anz 111 : Erg-Heft, 181-197, 1962.
 
Cauna N : The effects of aging on the receptor organs of the human dermis. In : Advances in Biology of Skin. Vol 6. Aging. Ed by W Montagna. Pergamon Press, New York, pp63-69, 1965.
 
Cauna N : Fine structure of the receptor organs and its probable functional significance. In : Touch, Heat and Pain (Ciba Foundation Symposium). Ed by AVS de Reuck and J Knight. Churchill, London, pp117-127, 1966.
 
Cauna N : Light and electron microscopical structure of end organs. In : The Skin Senses. Charles C Thomas. Springfield III, pp15-37, 1968.
 
Cauna N : The free penicillate nerve endings of the human hairy skin. J Anat 115 : 277-288, 1973.
PubMed
Cauna N and Mannan G : The structure of human digital Pacinian corpuscles (Corpuscula lamellosa) and its functional significance. J Anat 92 : 1-20, 1958.
PubMed
Cauna N and Mannan G : Development and postnatal changes of digital Pacinian corpuscles (Corpuscula lamellosa) in the human hand. Anat Rec 93 : 271-286, 1959.
 
Cauna N and Mannan G : Organization and development of the preterminal nerve pattern in the palmar digital tissues of man. J Comp Neurol 117 : 309-328, 1961.
 
Cauna N and Ross LL : The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 8 : 467-482, 1960.
 
Ceccarelli B. Hurlbut W P and Mauro A : Depletion of vesicles from frog neuromuscular junctions by prolonged tetanic stimulation. J Cell Biol 54 : 30-38, 1972.
PubMed
Ceccarelli B, Hurlbut WP and Mauro A : Turnover of transmitter and synaptic vesicles at the frog neuromuscular junction. J Cell Biol 57 : 499-524, 1973.
PubMed
Ceccatelli S, Eriksson M and Hokfelt T : Distribution and coexistence of corticotropin releasing factor-, neurotensin-, enkopholin-, cholecys- tokinin-, galanin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide histidine isoleucine-like peptides in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Neuroendocrinol 49 : 309-323, 1989.
 
Chagas C, Penna-Franca E, Nishie K and Garcia JE : A study of the specificity of the complex formed by gallamine triethiodide with a macromolecular constituent of the electric organ. Arch Biochem Biophys 75 : 251-259. 1958.
 
Chalcroft JA and Bullivant S : An interpretation of the liver cell membranes and junction structure based on observations of freeze fracture replicas of both sides of the fracture. J Cell Biel 47 : 59-60, 1970.
 
Chambers MR, Andres KH, Duering MV and Iggo A : The structure and function of the slow adapting type II mechanoreceptor in hairy skin. Quar J Exper Physiol 57 : 417-445, 1972.
 
Chang MM and Leeman SE : Isolation of a sialogogic peptide from bovine hypothalamic tissue and its characterization as substance P. J Biol chem 245 : 4784-4790, 1970.
PubMed
Chang MM, Leeman SE and Niall HD : Amino-acid sequence of substance P. Nature, New Biol 232 : 86-87, 1971.
PubMed
Changeux JP, Kasai M and Lee CY : Use of a snake venom toxin to characterize the cholinergic receptor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 67 : 1241-1247, 1970.
 
Changeux JP and Podleski TR : On the excitability and cooperativity of the electroplax membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 59 : 944-950, 1968.
PubMed
Chan-Palay V : A brief note on the chemical nature of the precipitate within nerve fibers after the rapid Golgi reaction : selected area diffraction in high voltage electron microscopy. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 139 : 115-117, 1973.
 
Chan-Palay V : On the identification of the afferent axon terminals in the nucleus lateralis of the cerebellum an electron microscope study. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 142 : 149-186, 1973.
 
Chan-Palay V : On certain fluorescent axon terminals containing granular synaptic vesicles in the cerebellar nucleus lateralis. Z Anat Entwicklgesch 142 : 239-258, 1973.
PubMed
Chan-Palay V : Neurons with galanin innervate cholinergic cells in the human basal forebrain and galanin and acetylcholine coexist. Brain Res Bull 27 : 465-472, 1988.
 
Chan-Palay V : Galanin hyperinnervates surviving neurons of the human basal nucleus of Meynert in dementias of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease : a hypothesis for the role of galanin in accentuating cholinergic dysfunction in dementia. J Comp Neurol 273 : 543-557, 1988.
PubMed
Chan-Palay V, Jonsson G and Palay SL : Serotonin and substance P coexist in neurons of the rat's central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75 : 1582-1586, 1978.
 
Charlton BT and Gray EG : Electron microscopy of specialized synaptic contacts suggesting possible electrical transmission in frog spinal cord. J Physiol (Lend) 179 : 2-4p, 1965.
 
Charlton BT and Gray EG : Comparative electron microscopy of synapses in the vertebrate spinal cord. J Cell Sci 1 : 67-80, 1966.
PubMed
Cheung DW : Spontaneous and evoked excitatory junction potentials in rat tail arteries. J Physiol 328 : 449-459, 1982.
PubMed
Chikaraishi DM : Complexity of cytoplasmic polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated rat brain ribonucleic acids. Biochemistry 18 : 3249-3256, 1979.
PubMed
Cho KWY, Blumberg B, Steinbeisser H and De Robertis EM : Molecular nature of Spemann's organizer : the role of the Xenopus homeobox gene goosecoid. Cell 67 : 1111-1120, 1991.
 
Choi DW : Glutamate neurotoxicity and disease of the nervous system. Neuron 1 : 623-634, 1991.
 
Chouchkov H : Cytological distribution of the cholinesterase activity in the capsulated Vater-Pacini receptors. Compt R Acad Bulg Sci 21 : 387-390, 1968.
 
Chouchkov H : Histochemical demonstration of some dehydrogenases and NAD-H diaphorase in cat Pacinian corpuscles. Histochemie 17 : 368-374, 1969.
PubMed
Chouchkov H : Ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscles in man and cats. Z Mikr-Anat Forsch 83 : 17-32, 1971.
PubMed
Chouchkov FIN : Ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscle after the section of nerve fibres. Z Mikr-Anat Forsch 86 : 33-46, 1971.
 
Chouchkov H : Further observations of the fine structure of Meissner's corpuscles in human digital skin and rectum. Z Mikr-Anat Forsch 87 : 33-45, 1973.
 
Chouchkov H : The fine structure of small encapsulated receptors in human digital glabrous skin. J Anat 114 : 25-33, 1973.
 
Chouchkov II : On the fine structure of Krause's end bulbs in human skin, oral cavity, and rectum. Arch Histol Jap 35 : 364-374, 1973.
 
Chouchkov H : Cutaneous receptors. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 54 : 7-61, 1978.
 
Christenson J, Alford S, Grillner S and Hokfelt T : Co-localized GABA and somatostatin use different ionic mechanisms to hyperpolarize target neurons in the lamprey spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 134 : 93-97, 1991.
PubMed
Chronwall BM and Wolff JR : Prenatal and post natal development of GABA-accumulating cells in the occipital neocortex of rat. J Comp Neurol 190 : 187-208, 1980.
 
Ciaccio GV : Della pelle della Rama esculenta. 1867 (Krause W : Arch Mikr Anat 19 : 53-136, 1881から引用)
 
Ciaccio GV : Sur les plaques nerveuses finales dans les tendons des vertebres. Arch Ital Biol 14 : 31-57, 1891.
 
Clara M : Uber den Ban des Schnabels der Waldschnepfe. Zugleich em Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Herbstschen Korperchen and zur Funktion der Lamellenkorperchen. Z Mikr Anat Forsch 3 : 1-108, 1925.
 
Clark AW, Hurlbut WP and Mauro A : Changes in the fine structure of the neuromuscular junction of the frog caused by black widow spider venom. J Cell Biol 52 : 1-14, 1972.
PubMed
Clark CT, Weissbach H and Udenfriend S : 5-Hydroxytryptophane decarboxylase : Preparation and properties. J Biol Chem 210 : 139-148, 1954.
 
Clark DJ : Cholinergic innervation of the rat dentate gyrus : an immunocytochemical and electron microscopical study. Brain Res 360 : 349-354, 1985.
 
Clementi F, Montegazza P and Button M : Pharmacologic and morphologic study on the mature of the dense core granules present in the presynaptic endings of sympathetic ganglia. Int J Neuropharmacol 5 : 281-285, 1966.
 
Clements JR, Mongahan PL and Beitz AJ : Ultrastructural description of glutamate like immunoreactivity in the rat cerebellar cortex. Brain Res 421 : 343-348, 1987.
 
Coers C : Les variations structurelles normales et pathologiques de la junction neuromusculaire. Acta Neurol (Belg) 55 : 741-866, 1955.
 
Coers C and Woolf AL : The Innervation of Muscle : A Biopsy Study. Blackwell Scientific Publication. Oxford. 1959.
 
Cohen RS, Blomberg F, Berzines K and Siekevitz P : The structure of postsynaptic densities isolated from dog cerebral cortex. I. Overall morphology and protein composition. J Cell Biol 74 : 181-203, 1977.
 
Cohen RS and Siekevitz P : Form of the postsynaptic density. Serial section study. J Cell Biol 78 : 36-48, 1978.
PubMed
Cohnheim J : uber die Endigung der sensiblen Nerven in der Hornhaut. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 38 : 343-386, 1867.
 
Collin J-P : Contribution a l'etude de l'organe pineal. De l'epiphyse sensorielle a la glande pineale : modalites de transformation et implications fonctionelles. Ann Stat Biol Besse-en-Chandesse. Suppl 1 : 1-357, 1969.
 
Colonnier M : Experimental degeneration in the cerebral cortex. J Anat 98 : 47-53, 1964.
PubMed
Colonnier M : Synaptic patterns on different cell types in the different laminae of the cat visual cortex. An electron microscope study. Brain Res 9 : 268-287, 1968.
PubMed
Colonnier M and Guillery RW : Synaptic organizestion in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the monkey. Z Zellforsch 62 : 333-355, 1964.
PubMed
Connors BW, Benardo LS and Prince DA : Coupling between neurons of the developing rat neocortex. J Neurosci 3 : 773-782, 1983.
PubMed
Conradi S : Ultrastructure and distribution of neuronal and glial elements on the motoneuron surface in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the adult cat. Acta Physiol Scand, Suppl 332 : 5-48, 1969.
PubMed
Conradi S : Ultrastructure and distribution of neuronal and glial elements on the surface of the proximal part of a motoneuron dendrite as analysed by serial sections. Acta Physiol Scand, Suppl 332 : 49-64, 1969.
 
Conradi S, Kellerth J-O and Berthold C-H : Electron microscopic studies of serially sectioned cat spinal alpha motoneurons. II. A method for the description of architecture and synaptology of the cell body and proximal dendritic segments. J Comp Neurol 184 : 741-754, 1979.
 
Coons AH : Histochemistry with labeled antibody. Int Rev Cytol 5 : 1-23, 1956.
 
Coons AH : Fluorescence antibody methods. In : General Cytochemical Methods. Ed by JF Danielli. Academic Press, New York, pp399-422, 1958.
 
Coons AH. Greech HJ, Johes RN and Berliner E : The demonstration of pneumococcal antigen in tissues by the use of fluorescent antibody. J Immunol 45 : 159-170, 1942.
 
Cooper S and Daniel PM : Muscle spindles in human extrinsic eye muscles. Brain 72 : 1-24, 1949.
 
Cooper S, Daniel PM and Whitteridge D : Muscle spindles and other sensory endings in the extrinsic eye muscles : The physiology and anatomy of these receptors and their connections with the brain stem. Brain 78 : 564-583, 1955.
PubMed
Cortes R. Vilar MJ, Verhofstad A and Hokfelt T : Effects of central nervous system lesions on the expression of galanin : a comparative in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 : 7742-7746, 1990.
 
Corvaja N, Marinozzi V and Pompeiano O : Muscle spindles in the lumbrical muscle of the cat. Arch Ital Biol 107 : 365-543, 1969.
PubMed
Costa E, Corda M and Guidotti A : On a brain polypeptide functioning as a putative effector for the recognition sites of benzodiazepines and beta carboline derivatives. Neuropharmacol 22 : 1481-1492, 1983.
 
Costa M, Furness J and Gibbins I : Chemical coding of enteric neurons. Prog Brain Res 68 : 217-239, 1986.
PubMed
Cotman CW and Taylor D : Isolation and structural studies on synaptic complexes from rat brain. J Cell Biol 55 : 696-711, 1972.
 
Cottrell GA, Green KA and Davies NW : The neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH, (FMRF amide) can activate a ligand-gated ion channel in Helix neurones. Pflugere Arch 416 : 612-614, 1990.
 
Couteaux R : Localization of cholinesterases at neuromuscular junctions. Int Rev Cytol 4 : 355-375, 1955.
 
Couteaux R : Morphological and cytochemical observations on the postsynaptic membrane at motor end plates and ganglionic synapses. Exper Cell Res 5 (Suppl) : 294-322, 1958.
 
Couteaux R : Motor end plate structure. In : The Structure and Function of Muscle. Vol 1. Ed by GH Bourne. Academic Press, New York, pp337-380, 1960.
 
Couteaux R : Principaux criteres morphologiques et cytochimiques utilisable aujourd'hui pour definir les divers types de synapses. Actual Neurophysiol 3e serie : 145-173, 1961.
 
Couteaux R et Laurent P : Etude au microscope electronique du coeur de l'anguille : Obsrervations sur du tissu musculaire de l'orcillette et son innervation. CR Acad Sci 245 : 2097-2100, 1957.
 
Couteaux R et Pecot-Dechavassine M : Particularites structurales du sarcoplasme sous-neural. CR Acad Sci D 266 : 8-10, 1968.
 
Couteaux R et Taxi J : Recherches histochemiques sur la distribution des activites cholinesterasiques au niveau de la synapse myoneurale. Arch Anat Micr Morphor Exper 41 : 352-392, 1952.
 
Cragg BG : The density of synapses and neurons in the motor and visual areas of the cerebral cortex. J Anat 101 : 639-654, 1967.
PubMed
Crowe R and Whitear M : Quinacrine fluorescence of Merkel cells in Xenopus Inevis. Cell Tissue Res 190 : 273-283, 1978.
PubMed
Cuajunco F : The embryology of the neuromuscular spindles. Anat Rev 35 : 8-9, 1927.
 
Cuajunco F : Embryology of the neuromuscular spindle. Contrib Embryo) Carnegie lost 19 : 45-72, 1927.
 
Cuello A : Cc Transmission. Macmillan, London, 1982.
 
Cuenod M, Sandri C and Akert K : Enlarged synaptic vesicles as an early sign of secondary degeneration in the optic nerve terminals of the pigeon. J Cell, Sci 6 : 605-613, 1970.
 
Curtis DR, Hoshi L, Johnston GAR and Johnston IH : The hyperpolarization of spinal motoneurones by glycine and related amino acids. Exper Brain Res 5 : 235-258, 1968.
 
Curtis DR and Johnston GAR : Amino acid transmitters in the mammalian central nervous system. Erg Physiol 69 : 97-188, 1974.
 
Curtis DR, Phillis JW and Watkins JC : The chemical excitation of spinal neurones by certain acidic amino acids. J Physiol 150 : 656-682, 1960.
PubMed
Curtis DR and Watkins RW : The excitation and depression of spinal neurons by structurally related amino acids. J Neurochem 6 : 117-141, 1960.
 
Curtis DR and Watkins RW : The pharmacology of amino acids related to gamma-aminobutyric acid. Pharmacul Rev 17 : 347-391, 1965.
 
Curtis HJ and Cole KS : Membrane action potentials from the squid giant axon. J Cell Comp Physiol 15 : 147-157, 1940.
 
Cybulsky IB : Das Nervensystem der Schnauze and uberlippe von Ochsen. Z Wiss Zool 39 : 653-682, 1883.
 
Dahm LM and Landmesser LT : The regulation of intramuscular nerve branching during normal development and following activity blockade. Dev Biol 130 : 621-644, 1988.
PubMed
Dale HH : The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine. J Phar macol Exper Therap 6 : 147-190, 1914.
 
Dale HH : Nomenclature of fibers in the autonomic system and their effects. J Physiol 80 : 10-11, 1933.
 
Dale HH : Chemical transmission of the effects of nerve impulses. Brit Med J 1 : 835-855, 1934.
 
Dale HH : Pharmacology and nerve endings. Proc Roy Soc Med 28 : 319-332, 1935.
 
Dale HH : Reiztbertragung durch chemische Mittel im peripheren Nervensystem (Nothnagel Lecture, Vienna, 12, Nov 1934). Sammlung der von der Nothnagel-Stiftung veranstaltenen Vortrage 4 : 1-12, 1935. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin.
 
Dale HH : Pharmacology and nerve-endings. (Walter Ernest Dixon Memorial Lecture, Dec 11. 1934.) Proc Roy Soc Med 28 : 319-332. (Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology 15-28) 1935.
 
Dale HH : Transmission of nervous effects by acetylcholine. Harvey Lecture 32 : 229-245, 1937.
 
Dale HH : Acetylcholine as a chemical transmitter substance of the effects of nerve impulses. The William Henry Welch Lectures 1937, J Mt Sinai Hosp 4 : 401-429, 1938.
 
Dale HH : Transmission of effects from nerve endings. Oxford Univ Press, London, 1952.
 
Dale HH : Transmission of effects from nerve endings. An Autumn Gleaning. Occasional Lee tures and Address. Pergamon Press, London, pp212-225, 1954.
 
Dale HH and Feldberg W : Chemical transmission at motor nerve endings in voluntary muscle? J Physiol 81 : 39p, 1934.
 
Dale HH, Feldberg W and Vogt M : Release of acetylcholine at voluntary motor nerve endings. J Physicl 86 : 353-380, 1936.
 
Dale HH and Gaddum JH : Reactions of denervated voluntary muscle, and their bearing on the mode of action of parasympathetic and related nerves. J Physiol 70 : 109-144, 1930.
PubMed
Danforth CH : Studies on hair. II. The hair of mammals. Arch Dermatol 11 : 637-653, 1925.
 
Darian-Smith I : The sense of touch. Performance and peripheral neural processes and thermal sensitibity. In : Handbook of Physiology. Sect 1, III/ 2 : Nervous System. Ed by I Darian-Smith. Amer Physiol Soc, Bethesda, pp595-674 and pp879-913, 1984.
 
Dauber W and Meister A : Ultrastructure of junctional folds of motor end plates in extensor digitorum longus muscles of mice. J Ultrastruct Res 97 : 158-164, 1987.
 
Davenport HW : Epinephrin(e). The Physiologist 25 : 76-82, 1982.
PubMed
Davenport HW : Early history of the concept of chemical transmission of the nerve impulse. The Physiologist 34 : 129-190, 1991.
PubMed
David GFX, Herbert J and Wright GDS : The ultrastructure of the pineal gland in the ferret. J Anat 115 : 79-97, 1973.
 
Davison AN and Kaczmarek LK : Taurine. A possible neurotransmitter? Nature 234 : 107-108, 1971.
PubMed
Dawson TM, Bredt DS, Fotuhi M, Hwang PM and Snyder SH : Nitric oxide synthase and neuronal NADPH diaphorase are identical in brain and peripheral tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 : 7797-7801, 1991.
PubMed
Dawson VL, Dawson TM, London ED. Bredt DS and Snyder SH : Nitric oxide mediates glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cortical culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 : 6368-6371, 1991.
PubMed
De Barry J, Langley OK, Vincendon G and Gombos G : L-Glutamate and L-glutamine uptake in adult rat cerebellum. An autoradiographic study. Neuroscience 7 : 1289-1297, 1982.
PubMed
De Biasi S and Rustioni A : Glutamate and substance P coexist in primary afferent terminals in the superficial laminae of spinal cord. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 7820-7824, 1988.
PubMed
de Bold A, Borenstein HB, Veress AT and Sonnen berg H : A rapid and potent natriuretic response to intravenous injection of atrial myocardial extract in rats. Life Sci 28 : 89-94, 1981.
 
De Camilli P, Benfenati F, Valtorta F and Greengard P : The synapsins. Annu Rev Cell Biol 6 : 433-460, 1990.
PubMed
De Camilli P, Cameron P and Greengard P : Synapsin I (Protein I), a nerve terminal specific phosphoprotein. I. Its general distribution in synapses of the central and peripheral nervous system, demonstrated by immunofluorescence in frozen and plastic sections. J Cell Biel 96 : 1337-1354, 1983.
 
De Camilli P and Greengard P : Synapsin I : A synaptic vesicle-associated neuronal phosphoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol 35 : 4349-4357, 1986.
PubMed
De Camilli P, Harris SM, Hunter W and Greengard P : Synapsin I (protein I), a nerve terminal specific phosphoprotein. II. Its specific association with synaptic vesicles demonstrated by immunocytochemistry in agarose- embedded synaptosomes. J Cell Biol 96 : 1355-1373, 1983.
 
De Castro F : Contribution a la connaissance de l'innervation do pancreas. Ya-t-il des conducteurs specifigues pour les ilots de Langerhans, pour les acini glandulaires et pour les vaisseaux. Trav Lab Rech Biol Madrid 21 : 423-457, 1923.
 
Decker RS : Gap junctions and sternoidogenesis in the fetal mammalian adrenal cortex. Dev Biol 82 : 20-31, 1981.
PubMed
Decker RS and Friend DS : Assembly of gap junctions during amphibian neurulation. J Cell Biel 62 : 32-47, 1974.
 
De Haven E and Coers C : Electron microscope study of the human neuromuscular junction. I Biophys Biochem Cytol 6 : 7-10, 1959.
 
de Iraldi A and Rodriguez-Perez P : Ultrastructure de les corpuscules de Grandry. Trab Inst Cajal Invest Biol 53 : 185-188, 1961.
 
Del Castillo J and Katz B : Quantal components of the end-plate potential. J Physiol 124 : 560-573, 1954.
PubMed
Del Castillo J and Katz B : On localization of acetylcholine receptors. J Physiol 128 : 157-181, 1955.
PubMed
Del Castillo J and Katz B : Local activity at the depolarized nerve muscle junction. J Physiol 128 : 396-411, 1955.
PubMed
Del Castillo J and Katz B : Biophysical aspects of neuromuscular transmission. Prog Biophysiol 6 : 121-170, 1956.
 
Del Castillo J and Katz B : La base "quantale" de la transmission neuromusculaire. In : Micro physiologic Comparee des Elements Excitables. Coll Internat CNRS Paris, No67, pp245-258, 1957.
 
de Lima AD, Bloom FE and Morrison J-H : Synaptic organization of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers in primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 274 : 280-294, 1988.
PubMed
Dell DA and Munger, BL : The early embryogenesis of papillary (sweat duct) ridges in primate glabrous skin : The dermatotrophic map of cutaneous mechanoreceptors and dermatoglyphics. J Comp Neurol 244 : 511-532, 1986.
 
Dellon AL : Reinnervation of denervated Meissner corpuscles : A sequential histologic study in the monkey following fascicular nerve repair. J Hand Surg 1 : 98-109, 1976.
PubMed
Dellon AL and Munger BL : Correlation of histology and sensibility after nerve repair. J Hand Surg 8 : 871-875, 1983.
PubMed
Dellon AL, Witebsky and Terrill R : The denervated Meissner corpuscle. A sequential histological study after nerve division in the rhesus monkey. Plast Reconstr Surg 56 : 182-193, 1975.
PubMed
De Lorenzo AJ : The fine structure of synapses in the ciliary ganglion of the chick. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 7 : 31-36, 1960.
 
De Lorenzo AJ : Electron microscopy of the cerebral cortex. I. The ultrastructure and histochemistry of synaptic junctions. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 108 : 258-279, 1961.
PubMed
Dempsey GP, Bullivant S and Watkins WB : Ultrastructure of the rat posterior pituitary gland and evidence of hormone release by exocytosis as revealed by freeze fracturing. Z Zellforsch 143 : 465-484, 1973.
PubMed
Dennis M, Giraudat J, Kotzyba-Hibert F, Goeldner M, Birth C, Chang J-Y, Lazure C, Chretien M and Changers J-P : Amino acids of the Torpedo marmorata acetylcholine receptor α subunit labelled by a photoaffinity ligand for the acetylcholine binding site. Biochemistry 27 : 2346-2357, 1988.
 
Dennison ME : Zinc iodide osmium tetroxide reaction in the spinal cord of goldfish. Brain Res 27 : 357-359, 1971.
PubMed
Dennison ME : Electron microscopy as a means of classifying synaptic vesicles. J Cell Sci 8 : 525-539, 1971.
PubMed
Denny-Brown D : The histological features of striped muscle in relation to its functional activity. Proc Roy Sue (London) Ser B 104 : 371-411, 1929.
 
Denz FA : On the histochemistry of the myoneural junction. Brit J exper Pathol 34 : 329-339, 1953.
 
De Robertis E : Submicroscopic changes of the synapse after nerve section in the acustic ganglion of the guinea pig. An electron microscope study. J Biophys. Biochem Cytol 2 : 503-512, 1956.
 
De Robertis E : Submicroscopic morphology and function of the synapse. Exper Cell Res, Suppl 5 : 347-369, 1958.
 
De Robertis F : Submicroscopic morphology of the synapse. Int Rev Cytol 8 : 61-96, 1959.
 
De Robertis E : Fine structure of synapses in the CNS. In : Proc IV Inernat Congr Neuropathol, Munich 1961. Vol 2 : Electronmicroscopy and Biology. Ed by H Jacob. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 35-38, 1962.
 
De Robertis E : Histophysiology of Synapses and Neurosecretion. Pergamon, Oxford. 1964.
 
De Robertis E : Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the synaptic region. Science 156 : 907-914, 1967.
PubMed
De Robertis E and Bennett HS : Submicroscopic vesicular component in the synapse. Fed Proc 13 : 35, 1954.
 
De Robertis E and Bennett HS : Some features of the submicroscopic morphology of synapses in frog and earthworm. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1 : 47-58, 1955.
PubMed
De Robertis E and Franchi CM : Electron microscope observations on synaptic vesicles in synapses of the retinal rods and cones. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2 : 307-318, 1956.
 
De Robertis E and Pellegrino de Iraldi A : Plurivesicular secretory process and nerve endings in the pineal gland. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 10 : 361-372, 1961.
 
De Robertis E, Pellegrino de Iraldi A, Rodriguez G and Gomez CJ : On the isolation of nerve endings and synaptic vesicles. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 9 : 229-235, 1961.
 
De Robertis E, Pellegrino de Iraldi A, Rodriguez De Lores Arnaiz G and Salganicoff L : Electron microscope observations on nerve endings isolated from rat brain. Anat Rec 139 : 220-221, 1961.
 
De Robertis E, Pellegrino de Iraldi A, Rodriguez De Lores Arnaiz G and Salganicoff L : Cholinergic and non-cholinergic nerve endings in rat brain. (1) Isolation and subcellular distribution of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase. J Neurochem 9 : 23-35, 1962.
 
De Robertis E, Pellegrino de Iraldi A, Rodriguez De Lores Arnaiz G and Zieher LM : Synaptic vesicles from the rat hypothalamus, isolation and norepinephrine content. Life Sci 4 : 193-201, 1965.
 
De Robertis E, Rodriguez de Lores Arnaiz G and Pellegrino de Iraldi A : Isolation of synaptic vesicles from nerve endings of the rat brain. Nature 194 : 794-795, 1962.
PubMed
De Robertis E, Rodriguez de Lores Arnaiz G, Salganicoff L, Pellegrino de Iraldi A and Zieher LM : Isolation of synaptic vesicles and structural organization of the acetylcholine system within brain nerve endings. J Neurochem 10 : 225-235, 1963.
 
Desai KM, Sessa WC and Vane JR : Involvement of nitric oxide in the reflex relaxation of the stomach to accommodate food or fluid. Nature 351 : 477-479, 1991.
PubMed
Desaki J and Uehara Y : The overall morphology of neuromuscular junctions as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. J Neurocytol 10 : 101-110, 1981.
PubMed
Desaki J and Uehara Y : Formation and maturation of subneural apparatuses at neuromuscular junctions in postnatal rats : A scanning and transmission electron microscopical study. Dev Biol 119 : 390-401, 1987.
PubMed
Descarries L and Saucier G : Disapparance of the locus coeruleus in the rat after intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine. Brain Res 37 : 310-316, 1972.
 
Descarries L, Watkins KC and Lapierre Y : Nor adrenergic axon terminals in the cerebral cortex of rat. III. Topometric ultrastructural analysis. Brain Res 133 : 197-222, 1977.
PubMed
Deschenes M, Madariaga-Domich A and Steriade M : Dendrodendritic synapses in the cat reticularis thalamic nucleus : a structural basis for thalamic spindle synchronization. Brain Res 334 : 165-168, 1985.
PubMed
de Vente J, Bol JG and Steinbusch HW : Localization of cGMP in the cerebellum of the adult rat : an immunohistochemical study. Brain Res 504 : 332-337, 1989.
PubMed
Devine CE and Simpson FO : The fine structure of vascular sympathetic neuromuscular contacts in the rat. Amer J Anat 121 : 153-174, 1967.
PubMed
de Waegh SM, Lee VM Y and Brady ST : Local modulation of neurofilament phosphorylation, axonal caliber, and slow axonal transport by myelinating Schwann cells. Cell 68 : 451-463, 1992.
 
De Wied D : Long term effect of vasopressin on the maintenance of a conditioned avoidance response in rats. Nature 232 : 58-60, 1971.
PubMed
Diamond IT : The subdivisions of neocortex : A proposal to revise the traditional view of sensory motor and association areas. Progr Psychobiol 8 : 2-43, 1973.
 
Diamond J, Holmes M and Nurse CA : Are Merkel cell-neurite reciprocal synapses involved in the initiation of tactile responses in salamander skin? J Physiol 376 : 101-120, 1986.
PubMed
Diamond J, Mills LR and Mearow KM : Evidence that the Merkel cell is not the transducer in the mechanosensory Merkel cell-neurite complex. Prog Brain Res 74 : 51-56, 1988.
 
Di Figlia M, Aronin N and Leeman SE : Light microscopic and ultrastructural localization of immunoreactive substance P in the dorsal horn of monkey spindle cord. Neuroscience 7 : 1127-1139, 1982.
 
Dijkstra C : Die De- and Regeneration der sensiblen Endkorperchen des Entenschnabels (Grandry-und Herbst-Korperchen) nach Durchschneidung des Nerven, nach Fortnahme der ganzen Haut and nach Transplantation des Hautstuckchens. Z Mikr- Anat Forsch 34 : 75-158, 1933.
 
Dixon WE : Vagus inhibition. Brit Med J, II, 1807, 1906.
 
Dixon WE : On the mode of action of drugs. Med Magazine 16 : 454-457, 1907.
 
Dodd J, Dingledine R and Kelly JS : The excitatory action of acetylcholine on hippocampal neurons of the guinea pig and rat maintained in vitro. Brain Res 207 : 109-127, 1981.
PubMed
Dogiel AS : Die Nervenendkorperchen (Endkolben, W. Krause) in der Cornea and Conjunctiva bulbi des Menschen. Arch Mikr Anat Entw-gesch 37 : 602-619, 1891.
 
Dogiel AS : Die Nervenendigungen in Meissnerschen Tastkorperchen. Intern Mschr Anat u Physiol 9 : 76-85, 1892.
 
Dogiel AS : Die Nervenendigungen in der Haut der ausseren Genitalorgane des Menschen. Arch Mikr Anat 41 : 585-612, 1893.
 
Dogiel AS : Zur Frage uber den feineren Bau der Herbstschen Korperchen and die Methylenblaufixierung nach Bethe. Z Wiss Zool 66 : 358-376, 1899.
 
Dogiel AS : Die Nervenendigungen im Bauchfell, in den Sehnen, den Muskelspindeln und dem Centrum tendineum des Diaphragmas beim Menschen and bei Saugethieren. Arch Mikr Anat 59 : 1-31, 1902.
 
Dogiel AS : Uber die Nervenendapparate in der Haut des Menschen. Z Wiss Zool 75 : 46-111, 1903.
 
Dogiel AS : Ueber die Nervenendigungen in den Grandryschen and Herbstschen Korperchen im Zusammenhange mit der Frage der Neuronentheorie. Anat Anz 25 : 558-574, 1904.
 
Dogiel AS : Der fibrillare Bau der Nervenendapparate in der Haut der Menschen and der Saugetiere and die Neuronentheorie. Anat Anz 27 : 97-120, 1905.
 
Dogiel AS : Die Endigungen der sensiblen Nerven in den Augenmuskeln and deren Sehnen beim Menschen and der Saugetieren. Arch Mikr Anat 68 : 501-526, 1906.
 
Dogiel AS : Zur Frage Uber den Bau der Kapseln der Vater-Pacinischen and Herbstschen Korperchen and uber this Verhalten der Blutgefasse zu denselben. Folia Neurobiol 4 : 218-241, 1910.
 
Donaggio A : Le fibrille nella cellula nervosa dei n, ammiferi. Bibliogr Anat 12 : 197 199, 1903.
 
Dorward PK and McIntyre AK : Response of vibration sensitive receptors in the interosseous region of the duck's hind limb. J Physiol 219 : 77-78, 1971.
 
Douglas WW : Mechanism of release of neurohypophyseal hormones : stimulus-secretion coupling. In : Handbook of Physiology, Sec7, Endocrinology, Vol IV, Part1. The pituitary gland and its neuro-endocrine control. Ed by E Knobil and WH Sawyer. Amer Physiol Soc, pp191-224, 1974.
 
Douglas WW : Calcium and exocytosis in endocrine exocrine, neurosecretory, and mast cells. Neurosci Res Progr Bull 15 : 591-602, 1977.
 
Douglas WW and Nagasawa J : Membrane vesiculation at sites of exocytosis in the neurohypophysis, adenohypophysis and adrenal medulla : a devise for membrane conservation. J Physiol 218 : 94-95p, 1971.
 
Douglas Nagasawa J and Schultz RA : Electron microscopic studies on the mechanism of secretion of posterior pituitary hormones and significance of microvesicles ("synaptic vesicles") : evidence of secretion by exocytosis and formation of microvesicles as a byproduct of this process. Mem Soc Endocrinol 19 : 353-378, 1971.
 
Douglas WW, Nagasawa J and Schulz RA : Coated microvesicles in neurosecretory terminals of posterior pituitary glands shed their coats to become smooth 'synaptic' vesicles. Nature 232 : 340-341, 1971.
PubMed
Douglas WW and Poisner AM : Calcium dependent links in stimulus secretion coupling in a neurosecretory organ : The role of calcium in the release of vasopressin from the neurohypophysis. J Physiol 172 : 1-18, 1964.
 
Douglas WW and Poisner AM : Evidence that the secreting adrenal medullary chromaffin cell releases catecholamines directly from ATP-rich granules. J Physiot 183 : 236-248, 1966.
 
Douglas WW and Rubin RP : The role of calcium in the recretory response of adrenal medulla to acetylcholine. J Physiol 159 : 40-57, 1961.
 
Dowdall MJ, Boyne AF and Whittaker VP : Adenosine triphosphate. A constituent of cholinergic synaptic vesicles. J Biochem 140 : 1-12, 1974.
 
Dowling JE : Synaptic organization of the frog retina : an electron microscopic analysis comparing the retinas of frogs and primates. Proc Roy Soc, Ser B 170 : 205-228, 1968.
 
Dowling JE : Organization of vertebrate retinas. Invest Ophlhalmol 9 : 655-680, 1970.
PubMed
Dowling JE and Boycott BB : Organization of the primate retina : electron microscopy. Proc Roy Soc, Ser B 166 : 80-111, 1966.
 
Doyere L : Memoire stir de les tardigrades. Ann Sci Nat Zool 14 : 269-361, 1840.
 
Dreifuss JJ, Akert K, Sandri C and Moor H : The fine structure of freeze-fractured neurosecretory nerve endings in neurohypoplysis. Brain Res 62 : 367-372, 1973.
PubMed
Dreifuss JJ, Akert K, Sandri C and Moor H : Specific arrangements of membrane particles at sites of exo-endocytosis in the freeze etched neurohypophysis. Cell Tissue Res 165 : 317-325, 1976.
 
Dreifuss JJ, Kalnins I, Kelly JS and Rut KB : Action potentials and release of neurohypophysial hormones in vitro. J Physiol 215 : 87-103, 1972.
 
Dreifuss JJ, Nordmann JJ, Akert K, Sandri C and Moor H : Exoendocytosis in the neurohypophysis as revealed by freeze fracturing. In : The Final Neuroendocrine Pathway. Ed by F Knowles and L Vollrath (Proc VI Intern Symp on Neurosecretion). Springer, Berlin, pp31-37, 1974.
 
Dubin MN V : The inner plexiform layer of the vertebrate retina : A quantitative and comparative electron microscopic analysis. J Comp Neurol 140 : 479-506, 1970.
 
Dubovy P and Cerna : Evidence for the presence of different molecule forms of non-specific cholinesterase in Pacinian and simple sensory corpuscles. A histochemical and biochemical study. Scripta Med 60 : 51-60. 1987.
 
Dubovy P and Malinovsky L : Electron microscopic localization of cholinestease activity in Pacinian corpuscles of the cat mesentery. Z Mikr-Anat Forsch 96 : 802-816, 1982.
 
Duchen LW and Gale AN : The motor end plate. In : Scientific Basis of Clinical Neurology. Ed by M Swash and C Kennard. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp400-409, 1985.
 
Duggan AW, Hope PJ, Jarrott B, Schaible HG and Fleetwood WS : Release, spread and persistence of immunoreactive neurokinin A in the dorsal horn of the cat following noxious cutaneous stimulation. Studies with antibody microprobes. Neuroscience 35 : 195-202, 1990.
 
Duguid JR and Reve JR : The protein components of the gap junction. In : The Synapse. Cold Spring Harbor Symp on Quantitative Biol 40 : 45-47, 1975.
 
Duncan D : A relation between axon diameter and myelination determined by measurement of myelinated spinal root fibers. J Comp Neurol 60 : 437-472, 1934.
 
Duncan D : Electron microscopy of the hypophysis, pars neuralis. Anat Rec 121 : 430, 1955.
 
Dunn RF : Reciprocal synapses between hair cells and first order afferent dendrites in the crista ampullaris of the bullfrog. J Comp Neurol 193 : 255-264, 1980.
PubMed
du Vigneaud V, Lawler HC and Popenoe EA : Enzymatic cleavage of glycinamide from vasopressin and a proposed structure for this pressorantidiuretic hormone of the posterior pituitary. J Amer Chem Soc 75 : 4880-4881, 1953.
 
du Vigneaud V, Ressler C, Swan JM, Roberts CW and Katsoyannis PG : The synthesis of oxytocin. J Amer Chem Soc 76 : 3115-3121, 1954,
 
do Vigneaud V, Ressler C and Trippett 5 : The sequence of amino acids in oxytocin, with a proposal for the structure of oxytocin. J Biol Chem 205 : 949-957, 1953.
 
du Vigneaud V, Roberts CW, Katsoyanis PG and Gordon S : The synthesis of an octapeptide amide with the hormone activity of oxytocin. J Amer Chem Soc 75 : 4879, 1953.
 
Dyball REJ : Oxytocin and ADH secretion in relation to electrical activity in antidromically identified supraoptic and paraventricular units. J Physiol 214 : 245-256, 1971.
 
Dyball REJ and Koizumi K : Electrical activity in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei associated with neurohypophysial hormone release. J Physiol 201 : 711-722, 1969.
 
Dykes RW : Parallel processing of cutaneous information in the somatosensory system of the cat. J Canad Sci Neusol 9 : 9-19, 1983.
 
Eager RP : Some fine structural features of the neural elements composing the cerebellar nuclei in the cat. J Comp Neurol 132 : 235-262, 1968.
 
Eakin RM and Brandenberger JL : Dye transfer through gap junctions between neuroendocrine cells of rat hypothalamus. Science 211 : 1187-1190, 1981.
 
Eaton RC, Farley RD, Kimmel CB and Schabtach E : Functional development in the Mauthner cell system of embryos and larvae of the zebra fish. J Neurobiol 8 : 151-172, 1977.
PubMed
Eberth CJ and Bunge R : Die Endigungen der Nerven in der Haut des Frosches. Anat Hefte 5 : 175-203, 1893.
 
Ebner FF and Colonnier M : Synaptic patterns in the visual cortex of turtle : an electron micro scopic study. J Comp Neurol 160 : 51-80, 1975.
 
Eccles JC : An electrical hypothesis of synaptic and neuro-muscular transmission. Ann N. Y. Acad Sci 47 : 429-455, 1946.
 
Eccles JC : A review and restatement of the electrical hypothesis of synaptic excitatory and inhibitory action. Arch Sci Physiol 3 : 567-584, 1949.
 
Eccles JC : The Physiology of Nerve Cells. The Johns Hopkins Hosp Press, Baltimore, 1957.
 
Eccles JC : The Physiology of Synapses. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1964.
 
Eccles JC : From electrical to chemical transmission in the central nervous system. Notes and Records of the Roy Soc London 30 : 219-231, 1976.
 
Eccles JC, Fatt P and Koketsu K : Cholinergic and inhibitory synapses in a pathway from motor axon collaterals to motoneurones. J Physiol 216 : 524-562, 1954.
 
Eccles JC, Fatt P and Landgren S : The central pathway for the direct inhibitory action of impulses in the largest afferent nerve fibres to muscle. J Neurophysiol 19 : 75-98, 1956.
 
Eccles JC, LlinJs R and Sasaki K ; The inhibitory interneurones within the cerebellar cortex. Exper Brain Res 1 : 1-16, 1966.
 
Eccles JC and Pritchard JJ : The action potential of motoneurons. J Physiol (Lond) 89 : 43-45p, 1937.
 
Eccles JC and Sherrington CS : Numbers and contraction values of individual motor units examined in some muscles of the limb. Proc Roy Soc (Lond) Ser B 106 : 326-357, 1930.
 
Eccleston D, Thoa NB and Axelrod J : Inhibition by drugs of the accumulation in vitro, of 5-hydroxytryptamine in guinea pig vas deferens. Nature 217 : 846-847, 1968.
PubMed
Edkins JS : On the chemical mechanism of gastric secretion (Preliminary report). Roc Roy Soc (London) B 76 : 376, 1905.
 
Edkins JS : The chemical mechanism of gastric secretion. J Physiol 34 : 133-144, 1906.
PubMed
Edstrom Land Kugelberg E : Histochemical composition, distribution of fibres and fatigability of single motor units. Anterior tibial muscle of the rat. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 31 : 424-433, 1968.
 
Edwards AV, Jarhult J, Andersson P-O and Bloom SR : The importance of the pattern of stimulation in relation to the response of antonomic effectors. In : Systemic Role of Regulatory Peptides. Ed by SR Bloom, JM Polak and E Lindenlaub. Schattauer, Stuttgart, pp 145-148, 1982.
 
Eglmeier W : The development of the Merkel cells in the tentacles of Xenopus laevis larvae. Anat Embryol 176 : 493-500, 1987.
PubMed
Ettinger B : Autoradiographic identification of rabbit retinal neurons that take up GABA. Experientia 26 : 1063, 1970.
 
Ehringer H und Hornykiewicz O : Verteilung von Noradrenalin and Dopamin (3-Hydroxytyramin) im Gehirn des Menschen and ihr Verhalten bei Erkrankung des extrapyramidalen Systems. Klin Wochenschr 38 : 1236-1239, 1960.
 
Ehrlich P : On immunity with special reference to cell life. Croonian Lecture. Proc Roy Sac, London 66 : 424-448, 1900.
 
Eichner D : Uber funktionelle Kernschwellung in den Nuclei supraoptici and paraventriculares des Hundes bei experimentellen Durstzustanden. Z Zellforsch 37 : 406-414, 1952.
 
Eisenman G : Cation selective glass electrodes and their mode of operation. Biophys J 2(Suppl 2) : 259-323, 1962.
 
Elde R, Schalling M, Ceccatelli S, Nakanishi S and Hokfelt T : Localization of neuropeptide receptor mRNA in rat brain : initial observations using probes for neurotensin and substance P receptors. Neurosci Lett 120 : 134-138, 1990.
PubMed
Elliott TR : On the action of adrenalin. J Physiol 31, Proc Physiol Soc, xx-xxi, 1904.
 
Elliott TR : The action of adrenalin. J Physiol 32 : 401-467, 1905.
PubMed
Ellisman MH : Cytoskeletal and membrane architecture at the node of Ranvier. In : Intrinsic Determinants of Neuronal Form and Function. Ed by RJ Lassek and MM Black. Alan R Liss Inc, New York. pp545-567, 1988.
 
Ellisman MH, Rash JE, Stachelin LA and Porter KR : Studies of excitable membranes. II. A comparison of specializations at neuromuscular junctions and nonjunctional sarcolemmas of mammalian fast and slow twitch muscle fibres. J Cell Biol 68 : 725-774, 1976.
 
Emonet-Denand F, Jami L and Laporte Y : Histophysiological observations on the skeletofusimotor innervation of mammalian spindles. Progr Clin Neurophysiol 8 : 1-11, 1980.
 
Emson PC : Peptides as neurotransmitter candidates in the mammalian CNS. Prog Neurobiol 13 : 61-116, 1979.
 
English KB, Norman D K-V and Horch K : Effects of chronic denervation on Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors (Haarscheiben). Anat Rec 207 : 79-88, 1983.
 
Engstrom H : On the double innervation of the sensory epithelia of the inner ear. Acta Oto laryngol 49 : 109-118, 1958.
 
Eranko, O, Rechardt L, Eranko L and Cunningham A : Light and electron microscopic histochemical observations on cholinesterase-containing sympathetic nerve fibres in the pineal body of the rat. Histochem J 2 : 479-489, 1970.
PubMed
Erlanger J : The initiation of impluses in axons. J Neurophysiol 2 : 370-379, 1939.
 
Erlanger J and Gasser HS : The compound nature of the action current of nerve as disclosed by the cathode ray oscillograph. Amer J Physiol 70 : 624-666, 1924.
 
Erlanger J and Gasser HS : Electrical Signs of Nervous Activity. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 1937.
 
Erspamer V : Cellule enterochromaffini e cellule argentofile net pancreas dell'uomo e dei mammiferi. Z Anat Entw-gesch 107 : 574-619, 1937.
 
Erspamer V : Pharmakologische Studien uber Enteramin. I. Mitteilung : Uber die Wirkung von Acetonextrakten der Kaninchenmagenschleimhaut auf den Blutdruck and auf isolierte uberlebende Organe. Arch Exper Pathol Pharmakol 196 : 343-465, 1940.
 
Erspamer V and Asero B : Identification of enteramine, the specific hormone of the enterochromaffin cell system as 5-hydroxytryptamine. Nature 169 : 800-801, 1952.
PubMed
v Euler US : A substance with sympathin E properties in spleen extracts. Nature 157 : 369, 1946.
 
v Euler US : The presence of a sympathomimetic substance in extracts of mammalian heart. J Physiol 105 : 38-44, 1946.
 
v Euler US : The presence of a substance with sympathin E properties in spleen extracts. Acta Physiol Scand 11 : 168-186, 1946.
 
v Euler US : A specific sympathomimetic ergone in adrenergic nerve (sympathin) and its relations to adrenaline and noradrenaline. Acta Physiol Scand 12 : 73-97, 1946.
 
v Euler US and Gaddum JH : An unidentified depressor substance in certain tissue extracts. J Physiol 72 : 74-87, 1931.
PubMed
v Euler US and Hillarp N-A : Evidence for the presence of noradrenaline in submicroscopic structures of adrenergic axons. Nature 177 : 44-45, 1956.
 
Evans EM : On the ultrastructure of the synaptic region of visual receptors in certain vertebrates. Z Zellforsch 71 : 499-516, 1966.
PubMed
Faber DS and Korn H : Electrophysiology of the Mauthner cell : Basic properties, synaptic mechanisms and associated networks. In : Neurobiology of the Mauthner Cell. Ed by Ds Faber and H Korn. Raven Press, New York, pp47-131, 1978.
 
Fagg GE and Foster AC : Amino acid neurotransmitters and their pathways in the mammalian central nervous system. Neuroscience 9 : 701-719, 1983.
PubMed
Fain G : Integration by spikeless neurones in the retina, In : Neurones without Impulses. Ed by A Roberts and BMH Busch. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp29-59, 1981.
 
Fairen A, Peters A and Saldanha J : A new procedure for examining Golgi impregnated neurons by light and electron microscopy. J Neurocytol 6 : 311-337, 1977.
 
Fairen A and Valverde F : A specialized type of neuron in the visual cortex of cat : a Golgi and electron microscope study of chandelier cells. J Comp Neurol 194 : 761-779, 1980.
 
Falck B, Hillarp N-A, Thime G and Torp A : Fluorescence of catechol amines and related compounds with formaldehyde. J Histochem Cytochem 10 : 348-354, 1962.
 
Falls DL, Harris DA, Johnson FA, Morgan MM, Corfas G and Fischbach GD : Mr 42000 ARIA : a protein that may regulate the accumulation of acetylcholine receptor at developing chick neuromuscular junction. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 50 : 397-406, 1990.
 
Famiglietti EV : Dendro-deudritic synapses in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. Brain Res 20 : 181-191, 1970.
PubMed
Famiglietti EV and Oeters A : The synaptic glomerulus and the intrinsic neuron in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 144 : 285-334, 1972.
 
Famiglietti EV and Peters A : The synaptic glomerulus and the intrinsic neuron in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 144 : 285-334, 1972.
 
Farbman AI : Renewal of fast cells in rat circumvallate papillae. Cell Tissue Kinet 13 : 349-357, 1980.
 
Farmborough DM and Hartzell HC : Acetylcholine receptors : number and distribution at neuromuscular junctions in rat diaphragm. Science 176 : 189-191, 1972.
 
Farquhar MG and Hartmann JF : Neuroglial structure and relationships as revealed by electron microscopy. J Neuropathol Exper Neural 16 : 18-39, 1957.
 
Fatt P and Katz B : Some observations on biological noise. Nature 166 : 597-598, 1950.
PubMed
Fatt P and Katz B : An analysis of the end-plate potential recorded with an intracellular electrode. J Physiol 115 : 320-370, 1951.
PubMed
Fatt P and Katz B : Spontaneous subthreshold activity at motor nerve endings. J Physiol 117 : 109-128, 1952.
PubMed
Fawcett DW : Surface specialization of absorbing cells. J Histochem Cytochem 13 : 75-91, 1965.
 
Fawcett DW and Seley CC : Observations on the fine structure of the turtle atrium. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 4 : 63-72, 1958.
 
Feit H, Kelly P and Cotman CW : Identification of a protein related to tubulin in the postsynaptic density. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74 : 1047-1051, 1977.
PubMed
Feldberg W and Gaddum JH : The chemical transmitter at synapses in a sympathetic ganglion. J Physiol 81 : 305-319, 1934.
 
Feldberg W and Vartiainen A : Further observations on the physiology and pharmacology of a sympathetic ganglion. J Physiol 83 : 103-128, 1934.
PubMed
Felten DL and Crutcher KA : Neuronal-vascular relationships in the raphe nuclei, locus coeruleus, and substantia nigra in primates. Amer J Anat 155 : 467-482, 1979.
PubMed
Felten DL and Sladek jr JR : Monoamine distribution in primate brain. V. Monoaminergic nuclei : Anatomy, Pathways and local organization. Brain Res Bull 10 : 171-284, 1983.
 
Fernandez-Moron H : Electron microscopy of nervous tissue. In : Metabolism of the Nervous System. Ed by D Richter. Pergamon, London, pp1-34, 1957.
 
Ferrendelli JA, Chang MM and Kinscherf DA : Elevation of cyclic GMP levels in central nervous system by excitatory and inhibitory amino acids. J Neurochem 22 : 373-375, 1974.
 
Fertuck HC and Salpeter MM : Quantitation of junctional and extra junctional acetylcholine receptors by electron microscope autoradiography after 125I-α-bungarotoxin binding at mouse neuromuscular junctions. J Cell Biol 69 : 144-158, 1976.
 
Feyrter F : Die normale and pathologische Anatomic der vegetativen nervosen Peripherie. Acta neuroveg 4 : 167-176, 1952.
 
Fifkova E and Delay RJ : Cytoplasmic actin in neuronal processes as a possible mediator of synaptic plasticity. J Cell Biol 95 : 345-350, 1982.
PubMed
Finery Moore J and Stroud RM : Amphipathic analysis and possible formation of the ion channel in an acetylcholine receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 : 155-159, 1984.
 
Fischer E : Uber den Ban der Meissnerschen Tastkorperchen. Arch Mikr Anat 12 : 364-390, 1876.
 
Fisher KS : A somato-somatic synapse between amacrine and bipolar cells in the cat retina. Brain Res 43 : 587-590, 1972.
 
Fisher KS and Linberg KA : Intercellular junctions in the early human embryonic retina. J Ultrastruct Res 51 : 69-78, 1975,
 
Fisone G, Wu CF, Consolo S, Nordstrom O. Brynne N, Bartfai T, Melander T and Hokfelt T : Galanin inhibits acetylcholine release in the ventral hippocampus of the rat : histochemical. autoradiographic, in vivo, and in vitro studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 7339-7343, 1987.
PubMed
Fitzpatrick D, Penny AR and Schmechel IM : Glutamic acid decarboxylase-immunoreactive neurons and terminals in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. J Neurosci 4 : 1809-1829. 1984.
 
Flagg-Newton JL and Loewenstein MR : Asymmetrically permeable membrane channels in cell junction. Science 207 : 771-773, 1980.
 
Flagg-Newton JL, Simpson I and Loewenstein WR : Permeability of the cell-to-cell membrane channels in mammalian cell junction. Science 205 : 404-407, 1979.
 
Florey E : Neurotransmitters and modulators in the animal kingdom. Fed Proc 26 : 1164-1178, 1967.
PubMed
Foerster O, Gagel O and Sheehan D : Veranderungen an den Endosen im Ruckenmark des Affen nach Hinterwurzeldurchschneidung. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 101 : 553-565, 1933.
 
Fonnum F : Glutamate : A neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. J Neurochem 42 : 1-11, 1984.
 
Forel A : Einige hirnanatomische Betrachtungen and Ergebnisse. Arch Psychiat Nervenkr 18 : 162-198, 1887.
 
Foster GA and Johansson O : Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of somatostatin-like immunereactive neurons in the rat central nervous system after labelling with colloidal gold. Brain Res 342 : 117-127, 1985.
 
Fox CA, Hillman DE, Siegesmund KA and Dutta CR : The primate cerebellar cortex -a Golgi and electron microscopic study. Prog Brain Res 25 : 174-225, 1967.
PubMed
Fozard JR : 5-HT : The Enigma Variations. Trends Pharmacol Sci 8 : 501-505, 1987.
 
Freeman MAR and Wyke B : The innervation of the knee joint. An anatomical and histological study in the cat. J Anat 101 : 505-532, 1967.
 
Fregerslev S, Blackstad TW, Fredens K and Holm MJ : Golgi potassium-dichromate silver nitrate impregnation. Nature of the precipitate studied by X-ray powder diffraction methods. Histochemie 25 : 63-71, 1971.
PubMed
Frey M von : Beitrage zur Physiologic des Schmerzsinns. I Mitt. Akad Wiss Leipzig Math Naturwiss Kl Ber 46 : 185-196, 1894.
 
Frey M von : Beitrage zur Physiologie des Schmerzsinns. II Mitt. Akad Wiss Leipzig Math-Naturwiss Kl Ber 46 : 283-296, 1894.
 
Frey M von : Beitrage zur Sinnesphysiologie der Haut. III Mitt. Konig Sachs Ges Wiss Ber 47 : 166-184, 1895.
 
Fried G, Terenius L, Hokfelt T and Goldstein M : Evidence for differential localization of noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y in neuronal storage vesicles isolated from rat vas deferens. J Neurosci 5 : 450-458, 1985.
PubMed
Friend DS and Farquhar MG : Functions of coated vesicles during protein absorption in the rat vas deferens. J Cell Biol 35 : 357-376, 1967.
PubMed
Froesch D : The synaptic profiles in the posterior chromatophore lobe of the octopus brain. A study in normal and degenerated tissue. Brain Res 48 : 1-9, 1972.
 
Froesch D and Martin R : Heterogeneity of synaptic vesicles in the squid giant fibre system. Brain Res 43 : 573-579, 1972.
PubMed
Frotscher M and Leranth C : The cholinergic innervation of the rat fascia dentata : identification of target structures on granule cells by combining choline acetyltransferase immunocytochemisty and Golgi impregnation. J Comp Neurol 243 : 58-70, 1986.
 
Furchgott RF and Zawadzki JV : The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 288 : 373-376, 1980.
PubMed
Furshpan EJ : "Electrical transmission" at an excitatory synape in a vertebrate brain. Science 144 : 878-880, 1964.
 
Furshpan EJ and Potter DD : Mechanism of nerve impulse transmission at a crayfish synapse. Nature 180 : 342-343, 1957.
 
Furshpan EJ and Potter DD : Transmission at the giant motor synapses of the crayfish. J Physiol 145 : 289-325, 1959.
PubMed
Furth O v : Zur Kenntniss der brenzcatechinahnlichen Substanz der Nebennieren. Z Physiol Chem 24 : 142-158, 1897.
 
Furth O v : Zur Kenntniss der brenzcatechinahnlichen Substanz der Nebennieren. II. Mitteilung. Z Physiol Chem 26 : 15-47, 1898.
 
Furth O v : Zur Kenntniss der brenzcatechinahnlichen Substanz der Nebennieren. III. Mitteilung. Z Physiol Chem 29 : 105-123, 1899.
 
Furukawa T and Furshpan EJ : Two inhibitory mechanisms in the Mauthner neurons of goldfish. J Neurophysiol 26 : 140-176, 1963.
PubMed
Fuxe K and Agnati L : Two principal modes of electrochemical communication in the brain : volume versus wiring transmission. In : Volume Transmission in the Brain : Novel Mechanisms for Neural Transmission. Ed by K Fuxe and L Agnati. Raven Press, New York, pp 1-9, 1991.
 
Gabella G : Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System. Chapman and Hall, London, 1976.
 
Gaddum JH : Antagonism between lysergic acid diethylamide and 5 - hydroxytryptamine. J Physiol 121 : 15P, 1953.
PubMed
Gaddum JH and Goodwin LG : Experiments on liver sympathin. J Physiol 105 : 357-369, 1947.
 
Gaddum JH, Jang CS and Kwiatkowski H : The effect on the intestine of the substance liberated by adrenergic nerves in a rabbit's ear. J Physiol 96 : 104-108, 1939.
 
Gaddum JH and Kwiatkowski H : Properties of the substance liberated by adrenergic nerves in the rabbit's ear. J Physiol 96 : 385-391, 1939.
 
Gaddum JH and Picarelli ZP : Two kinds of tryptamine receptor. Brit J Pharmacol 12 : 323-328, 1957.
PubMed
Galzi J-L, Betrand D, Devillers-Thiery A, Revah F, Betrand S and Changeux J-F : Functional significance of aromatic amino acids from three peptide loops of the α7 neuronal nicotimic receptor site investigated by site directed mutagenesis. FEBS Lett 294 : 198-202, 1991.
 
Galzi J-L, Devillers-Thiery A, Hussy N, Betrand S, Changeux J-P and Betrand D : Mutations in the channel domain of a neuronal nicotinic receptor concert ion selectivity from cationic to anionic. Nature 359 : 500-505, 1992.
 
Galzi J L, Revah F, Black D, Goeldner M, Hirth C and Changeux J-P : Identification of a novel amino acid α-tyrosine 93 within the choligergic ligand-binding sites of the acetylcholine receptor by photoaffinity labeling : additional evidence for a three-loop model of the cholinergic ligandbinding sites. J Biol Chem 265 : 10430-10437, 1990.
 
Gardner E : The distribution and termination of nerves in the knee joint of the cat. J Comp Neurol 80 : 11-32, 1944.
 
Garthwaite J, Charles SL and Chese-Williams R : Endothelium-derived relaxing factor release on activation of NMDA receptors suggests role as intercellular messenger in the brain. Nature 336 : 385-388, 1988.
 
Garthwaite J, Garthwaite G, Palmer RM and Moncada 5 : NMDA receptor activation induces nitric oxide synthesis from arginine in rat brain slices. For J Pharmacol 172 : 413-416, 1989.
 
Gasser HS : Axons as samples of nervous tissue. J Neurophysiol 2 : 361-369, 1939.
 
Geinisman Y, Toledo-Morrell L and Morrell F : Aged rats need a preserved complement of perforated axospinous synapses per hippocampal neuron to maintain good spatial memory. Brain Res 398 : 266-275, 1986.
 
Gerlach J : Von dem Ruckenmarke. In : Handbuch der Lehre von den Geweben. Herausgegeb. Stricker, Bd 2, 1871.
 
Gerschenfeld JIM, Tramezzani J and De Robertis E : Ultrastructure and function in neurohypophysis of the toad. Endocrinology 66 : 741-762, 1960.
 
Giaid A, Gibson SJ, Ibrahim BN, Legon S, Bloom SR, Yanagisawa M, Masaki T, Varndell JM and Polak JM : Endothelin 1, an endothelium-derived peptide, is expressed in neurons of the human spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 : 7634-7638, 1989.
 
Gibson A, Mizazadeh S, Hobbs AJ and Moore PK : L-NG-monomethyl arginine and L-NG-nitro arginine inhibit non adrenergic, non-cholinergic relaxation of the mouse anococcygeus muscle. Brit J Pharmacol 99 : 602-606, 1990.
 
Gillespie JS, Liu X and Martin W : The effects of L-arginine and NG-monomethyl 1e arginine on the response of the rat anococcygeus muscle to NANC nerve stimulation. Brit J Pharmacol 98 : 1080-1082, 1989.
 
Gilula NB : Intercellular junctions and synapses. In : Receptors and Recognition Series B. Ed by I Feldman, NB Gilula and JD Pitts. Chapnian & Hall, London. Vol 2, pp 3-22, 1978.
 
Gilula NB : Topology of gap junction protein and channel function. In : functional Complexes of Epithelial Cells. Ciba Foundation Symposium 125. Edit by G Bock and S Clark. Wiley, New York, pp 128-139. 1987.
 
Gilula NB and Hertzberg EL : Communication and gap-junctions. In : The Liver. Ed by IMA rigs, H Popper, D Schacter and DA Shefritz. Plenum Press, New York, pp615-623, 1982.
 
Gilula NB, Reeves OR and Steinbach A : Metabolic coupling, ionic coupling and cell contacts. Nature 235 : 262-265, 1972.
PubMed
Ginsburg M : Molecular aspects of neurohypophysial hormone release. Proc Roy Sue B 170 : 27-36, 1968.
 
Giraudat J, Dennis M, Heidemann T, Chang J-Y and Changers J-P : Structure of the highaffinity binding site for noncompetitive blockers of the acetylcholine receptor : serine-262 of the δ subunit is labeled by 〔3H〕 chlorpromazine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 : 2719-2723, 1986.
 
Gladden MH : Structural features relative to the function of intrafusal muscle fibres in the cat. Prog Brain Res 44 : 51-59, 1976.
 
Glees P and Sheppard BL : Electron microscopical studies of the synapse in the developing chick spinal cord. Z Zellforsch 62 : 223-231, 1964.
 
Gobel S : Axo-axonal septate junctions in the basket formations of the cat cerebellar cortex. J Cell Biol 51 : 328-332, 1971.
PubMed
Gobel S : Synaptic organization of the substantia gelatinosa glomeruli in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the adult cat. J Neurocytol 3 : 219-243, 1974.
 
Gebel S and Dubner R : Fine structural studies of the main sensory trigeminal nucleus in the cat and rat. J Comp Neurol 137 : 459-494, 1969.
 
Gobel S, Falls W, Bennett GJ, Abdelmoumene M, Hayashi H and Humphrey E : An EM analysis of the synaptic connections of horseradish peroxidase-filled stalked cells and islet cells in the substantia gelatinosa of adult cat spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 194 : 781-807, 1980.
 
Goglia G e Sklenska A : Ricerche ultrastrutturali sopra i corpuscolidi Ruffini delle capsule articolari nel coniglio. Quad Anat Practica 25 : 14-27, 1969.
 
Goldenring JR, McGuire JS jr and DeLorenzo RJ : Identification of major calmodulin binding subunit of a calmodulimdependent protein kinase. J Neurochem 42 : 1077-1084, 1984.
 
Golding D and Bayraktaroglu E : Exocytosis of secretory granules. A probable mechanism for the release of neuromodulators in invertebrates neuropil. Experientia 40 : 1277-1280, 1984.
 
Goldscheider A : Histologische Untersuchungen uber die Erregungsweise der Hautsinnesnerven beim Menschen. Arch Physiol (Leipzig), Suppl, 191-227. 1886.
 
Goldstein A, Tachibana S, Lowney LJ, Hunkapiller M and Flood L : Dynorphin (1-13), an extraordi-narily potent opioid peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76 : 6666-6670, 1979.
 
Goldstein JL, Anderson RGW and Brown MS : Coated pits, coated vesicles, and receptormediated endocytosis. Nature 279 : 679-685, 1979.
 
Golgi C : Sulla fina struttura dei bulbi olfactori. Riv sper Freniatria Med Legal 1 : 66-78, 1875.
 
Golgi C : Di una nuova reazione apparentemente nera della cellule nervose cerebrali ottenuta col bicloruro di mercuric. Arch Sci Med 3 : 1-7, 1879.
 
Golgi C : Sulla fina anatomia degli organi centrali del sistema nervoso. Riv sper Freniatria Med Legal 8 : 165-195 e 361-391, 1882 ; 9 : 1-17, 161-192 e 385-402, 1883 ; 11 : 72-123 e 193-220, 1885. (Opera omnia, Hoepli, Milano 295-393 e 397-536, 1903)
 
Golgi C : Continuation of the study of the minute anatomy of the central nervous system. Chap V. On the minute anatomy of the great foot of the hippocampus. Alienist and Neurologist 6 : 307-324, 1885.
 
Golgi C : Sur l'anatomie microscopique des organs centraux du syst8me nerveux. Arch Ital Biol 7 : 15-47, 1886.
 
Golgi C : Sui nervi nei tendini dell' uomo e di altri vertebrati e di on nuovo organo nervoso terminale musculo-tendineo. Mem R Accad Sci Torino, Serie II, 38 : 359-385, 1880. et Opera Ommia, Ulrico Hoepli, Milano (1870-1883) I : 171-198, 1903.
 
Golgi C : Sulla minota anatomia degli organi centrali del systema nervoso. Hoepli, Milano 1886.
 
Gomori G : ubervations with differential stains on human islets of Langerhans. Amer J Pathol 17 : 395-406, 1941.
 
Goodenough DA : Bulk isolation of mouse hepatocyte gap junctions. Characterization of the principal protein connexin. J Cell Biol 61 : 557-563, 1974.
PubMed
Goodenough DA : Lens gap junctions : a structural hypothesis for nonregulated low-resistance intercellular pathways. Invest Ophthalmol 18 : 1104-1122, 1979.
PubMed
Goodenough DA and Gilula NB : The spliting of hepatocyte gap junctions and zonulae occludens with hypertonic disaccharides. J Cell Biol 61 : 575-590, 1974.
 
Goodenough DA and Revel JP : A fine structure analysis of intercellular junctions in the mouse liver. J Cell Biol 45 : 272-290, 1970.
 
Goodman RR, Snyder SH, Kuhar MJ and Young WS III : Differentiation of delta and mu opiate receptor localizations by light microscopic autoradiography. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77 : 6239-6243, 1980.
 
Gordon-Weeks PR and Harding S : Major differences in the concanavalin A binding glycoproteins of postsynaptic densities from rat forebrain and cerebellum. Brain Res 277 : 380-385, 1983.
PubMed
Gottlieb DI : GABAergic neurons. Sci Amer 258(2) : 38-45, 1988.
 
Gottschaldt K-M : The physiological basis of tactile sensibility in the beak of geese. J Comp Physiol 95 : 29-47, 1974.
 
Gottschaldt K-M and Vahle-Hinz C : Evidence against transmitter function of metenkephalin and chemosynaptic impulse generation in "Merkel cell" mechanoreceptors. Exper Brain Res 45 : 459-463, 1982.
 
Govyrin VA : Spatial neuromuscular relations in rabbit ear arteries. In : Physiology of Smooth Muscle. Ed by E Bulbring and MF Shuba. Raven Press, New York, pp279-285, 1976.
 
Goyal RK, Rattan S and Said SI : VIP as a possible neurotransmitter of non-cholinergic nonadrenergic inhibitory neurons. Nature 288 : 378-380, 1980.
PubMed
Graham LT, Shank RP, Werman R and Aprison MH : Distribution of some synaptic transmitter suspects in cat spinal cord : glutamic acid, aspartic acid, r-aminobutylic acid, glycine and glutamine. J Neurochem 14 : 465-472, 1967.
 
Graham RC and Karnovsky MJ : The early stages of absorption of injected horseradish peroxidase in the proximal tubules of mouse kidney. Ultrastructural cytochemistry by a new technique. J Histochem Cytochem 14 : 291-302, 1966.
PubMed
Grandry M : Recherches sur les corpuscles de Pacini. J l'Anat Physiol 6 : 390-395, 1869.
 
Grandry M : Recherches sur la terminaison des nerves cutanes chex l'homme. J l'Anat Physiol 6 : 395-398, 1869.
 
Granit R : The Basis of Motor Control. Academic Press, London and New York, 1970.
 
Granit R and Skoglund CR : Facilitation, inhibition and depression at the 'Artificial Synapse' formed by the cut end of a mammalian nerve. J Physiol 103 : 435-448, 1945.
PubMed
Granit R and Skoglund CR : The effect of temperature on the artificial synapse formed by the cut end of the mammalian nerve. J Neurophysiol 7 : 211-217, 1945.
 
Grant SGN, O'Dell TJ, Karl KA, Stein PA, Soriano P and Kandel ER : Impaired long-term potentiation, spatial learning, and hippocampal development in fyn mutant mice. Science 258 : 1903-1910, 1992.
 
Gray EG : Axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses of the cerebral cortex : an electron microscope study. J Anat 93 : 420-433, 1959.
PubMed
Gray EG : Regular organisation of material in certain mitchondria of neuroglia of lizard brain. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 8 : 282-285, 1960.
 
Gray EG : Ultra-structure of synapses of the cerebrat cortex and of certain specialisations of neuroglial membranes. In : Electron Microscopy in Anatomy. Ed by JD Boyd, FR Johnson and JD Lever. Arnold, London, pp 54-73, 1961.
 
Gray EG : The granule cells, mossy synapses and Purkinje spine synapses of the cerebellum : light and electron microscope observations. J Anat 95 : 345-356, 1961.
PubMed
Gray EG : A morphological basis for presynaptic inhibition? Nature 193 : 82-83, 1962.
PubMed
Gray EG : Electron microscopy of synaptic organelles of the central nervous system. In : IV Intern Congr of Neuropathology. Ed by H Jacob. Thieme, Stuttgart, Vol 2 : pp. 51-61, 1962.
 
Gray EG : Electron microscopy of presynaptic organelles of the spinal cord. J Anat (Lond) 97 : 101-106, 1963.
 
Gray EG : Tissue of the central nervous system. In : Electron Microscopic Anatomy. Ed by SM Kurtz. Acad Press, New York, pp369-417, 1964.
 
Gray EG : Problems of interpreting the fine structure of vertebrate and invertebrate synapses. Intern Rev Gen Exper Zool 2 : 139-170, 1966.
 
Gray EG : Round and flat synaptic vesicles in the fish central nervous system. In : Cellular Dynamics of the Neuron. Ed by SH Barnacles. Academic Press, New York, pp211-227, 1969 (Symp Intern Soc Cell Biol).
 
Gray EG : Electron microscopy of excitatory and inhibitory synapses : a brief review. In : Progress in Brain Research, Vol 31, Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission. Ed by K Akert and PG Waser. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 141-155, 1969.
 
Gray EG : The fine structure of the vertical lobe of Octopus brain. Trans Roy Soc Lond B 258 : 379-394, 1970.
 
Gray EG : Are the coats of coated vesicles artefacts? J Neurocytol 1 : 363 382, 1972.
 
Gray EG : The cytonet, plain and coated vesicles, reticulosomes, multivesicular bodies and nuclear pores. Brain Res 62 : 329-336, 1973.
PubMed
Gray EG and Guillery GW : A note on the dendritic spine apparatus. J Anat 97 : 389-392, 1963.
 
Gray EG and Guillery RI X : The basis for silver staining of synapses of the mammalian spinal cord : a light and electron microscope study. J Physiol 157 : 581-588, 1961.
 
Gray EG and Guillery RW : On nuclear structure in the ventral nerve cord of the leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Z Zellforsch 59 : 738-745, 1963.
 
Gray EG and Guillery RI V : Synaptic morphology in the normal and degenerating nervous system. Intern Rev Cytol 19 : 111-182, 1966.
 
Gray EG and Hamlym LII : Electron microscopy of experimental degeneration in the avian optic tectum. J Anat 96 : 309-316, 1962.
 
Gray EG and Paula-Barbosa M : Dense particles within synaptic vesicles fixed with acid aldehyde. J Neurocytol 3 : 487-496, 1974.
PubMed
Gray EG and Pease HL : On understanding the organization of the retinal receptor synapses. Brain Res 35 : 1-15, 1971.
PubMed
Gray EG and Whittaker VP : The isolation of synaptic vesicles from the central nervous system. J Physiol 153 : 35-37p, 1960.
 
Gray EG and Whittaker VP : The isolation of nerve endings from brain : an electron microscopic study of cell fragments derived by homogenization and centrifugation. J Anat 96 : 79-88, 1962.
 
Gray EG and Willis RA : On synaptic vesicles, complex vesicles and dense projections. Brain Res 24 : 149-168, 1970.
PubMed
Gray JAB and Malcolm JL : The initiation of nerve implses by mesenteric Pacinian corpuscles. Proc Roy Soc Set B 137 : 96-114, 1950.
 
Greece J and Jampel R : Muscle spindles in the extraocular muscles of the Macaque. J Comp Neurol 126 : 547-550, 1966.
 
Green JD and van Breemen VL : Electron microscopy of the pituitary and observations on neuro secretion. Amer J Anat 97 : 177-227, 1955.
 
Green LC, Ruiz-de-Luzuriaga K, Wagner DA, Rand W, Istfan N, Young VR and Tannenbaum SR : Nitrate biosynthesis in man. Proc NatJ Acad Sci USA 78 : 7764-7768, 1981.
 
Green LC, Tannenbaum SR and Goldman P : Nitrate synthesis in the germfree and conventional rat. Science 212 : 56-58, 1981.
PubMed
Greengard P : Cyclic nucleotides, Phosphorylated Proteins, and Neuronal Function. Raven Press, New York, 1978.
 
Greengard P : Cyclic nucleotides, phosphorylated proteins, and the nervous system. Fed Proc 38 : 2208-2217, 1979.
PubMed
Greengard P, Valtorta F, Czemik AJ and Benfenati F : Synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins and regulation of synaptic function. Science 259 : 780-785, 1993.
 
Greenough WJ, West RW and De Voogd TJ : Subsynaptic plate perforations : changes with age and experience. Science 202 : 1096-1098, 1978.
 
Greer CM, Pinkston JO, Baxter JH and Brannon ES : Nor-epinephrine (β-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-β-hydroxyethylamine) as a possible mediator in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. J Pharmacol 62 : 189-227, 1938.
 
Gregory JE : An electrophysiological investigation of the receptor apparatus in the duck's bill, J Physiol 229 : 151-164, 1973,
 
Grillo MA : Electron microscopy of sympathetic tissues. Pharmacol Rev 18 : 387-399, 1966.
PubMed
Grillo MA and Palay SL : Granule-containing vesicles in the autonomic nervous system. In : Electron Microscopy, Proc of Fifth Int Congr for Electron Micr, Vol 2. Ed by SS Breese jr. Academic Press, New York, p. v1, 1962.
 
Grimley PM and Edwards GA : The ultrastructure of cardiac desmosomes in the toad and their relationship to the intercalated disc. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 8 : 305-318, 1960.
 
Grinnell AD : A study of the interaction between motoneurons in the frog spinal cord. J Physiol (Lond) 182 : 612-648, 1966.
PubMed
Grinnell AD and Miledi R : Unpublished observations, quoted in Gray EG and Guillery RW (1966). Int Rev Cytol 19 : 111-182, 1965.
 
Groves PM and Lindner JC : Dendro-dendritic synapses in substantia nigra : descriptions based on analysis of serial sections. Exper Brain Res 49 : 209-217, 1983.
 
Groves PM and Wilson CJ : Fine structure of rat locus coeruleus. J Comp Neurol 193 : 841-852, 1980.
 
Gruss Pand Walther C : Pax in development. Cell 69 : 719-722, 1992.
 
Gu J, Polak JM, Tapia FJ, Marangos PJ and Pearse AGE : Neuron-specific enolase in the Merked cells of mammalian skin. Amer J Pathol 101 : 63-68, 1981.
 
Guillemin R : Biochemical and physiological correlates of hypothalamic peptides. The new endocrinology of the neuron. In : Hypothalamus. Ed by S Reichlin, RJ Baldessarini and JB Martin. Raven Press, New York, pp 155-194, 1978.
 
Guillemin R, Brazean P, Bohlen P, Esch F, Ling N and Wehrenberg W : Growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor that caused acromegaly. Science 218 : 585-587, 1982.
 
Guillemin R, Ling N et Burgos R : Enclorphines, peptides, d'origine hypothalamique et neurohypophysaire a activite morphinomimetique. Isolement et structure moleculaire de l'd-endorphine. CR Acad Sci Paris 283 : 783-785, 1976.
 
Guillemin R, Vargo Th, Rosier J, Minick S, Ling N, Rivier C, Vale W and Bllom F : β-Endorphin and adrenocorticotropin are secreted con comitantly by the pituitary gland. Science 197 : 1367-1369, 1977.
 
Guillery RW : A light and electron microscopical study of neurofibrils and neurofilaments at neuroneuronal junctions in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. Amer J Anat 120 : 583-604, 1967.
 
Guldner F-H and Wolff JR : Dendro-dendritic synapses in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. J Neurocytol 3 : 245-250, 1974.
PubMed
Gurd JW : Molecular characterization of synapses of the central nervous system. In : Molecular Approaches to Neurobiology. Ed by IR Brown. Academic Press, New York, pp 99-130, 1982.
 
Guthrie SC and Gilula NB : Gap junction communication and development. Trends Neurosci 12 : 12-16, 1990.
 
Guy HR and Conti F : Pursuing the structure and function of voltage-gated channels. Trends Neurosci 13 : 201-206, 1990.
PubMed
Hackett JT, Hou S-M and Cochran SL : Glutamate and synaptic depolarization of Purkinje cells evoked by parallel fibers and by climbing fibers. Brain Res 170 : 377-380, 1979.
PubMed
Hagbarth KE and Wohlfart G : The number of muscle-spindles in certain muscles in the cat in relation to the composition of the muscle nerves. Acta Anat 15 : 85-104, 1952.
 
Halasz N, Joo F and Parducz A : Studies on the fine structural localization of zinc iodide-osmium reaction in the brain. II. Some characteristics of localization in certain identified synapses. J Neurocytol 3 : 557-566, 1974.
PubMed
Halata Z : Ultrastructure of Grandry nerve endings in the beak skin of some aquatic birds. Folia Morphol 19 : 225-232, 1971.
 
Halata Z : Ultrastruktur der Lamellenkorperchen bei Wasservogeln (Herbstsche Endigungen). Acta Anat 80 : 362-376, 1971.
PubMed
Halata Z : The mechanoreceptors of the mammalian skin : ultrastructural and morphological classification. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 50 : 7-75, 1975.
 
Halata Z : The ultrastructure of the sensory nerve endings in the articular capsule of the knee joint of the domestic cat (Ruffini corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles). J Anat 124 : 717-729, 1977.
PubMed
Halata Z : Postnatale Entwicklung sensibler Nervenendigungen in der unbehaarten Nasenhaut der Katze. Biblthoca Anat 19 : 210-235, 1981.
 
Halata Z and Munger BL : Sensory nerve endings in rhesus monkey sinus hairs. J Comp Neurol 192 : 645-663, 1980.
PubMed
Halata Z and Munger BL : The ultrastructure of Ruffini and Herbst corpuscles in the articular capsule of domestic pigeon. Anat Rec 198 : 681-692, 1980.
PubMed
Halata Z and Munger BL : Identification of the Ruffini corpuscle in human skin. Cell Tissue Res 219 : 437-440, 1981.
PubMed
Halata Z and Munger BL : The sensory innervation of primate facial skin. II. Vermilion border and mucosa of the lip. Brain Res Rev 5 : 81-107, 1983.
 
Halata Z and Munger BL : The neuroanatomical basis for the protopathic sensibility of the human glans penis. Brain Res 371 : 205-230, 1986.
PubMed
Halliday GM and Tork I : Electron microscopic analysis of the mesencephalic ventromedial tegmentum in the cat. J Comp Neurol 230 : 393-412, 1984.
 
Hama K : Some observations on the fine structure of the giant nerve fibers of the earthworm, Eisenia foetida. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 6 : 61, 1959.
PubMed
濱清 : 電気的シナプスの微細構造. 生体の科学 12 : 72-86, 1961.
 
Hama K : Some observations on the fine structure of the giant fibers of the crayfishes (Cambarus virilus and Cambarus clarkii) with special reference to the submicroscopic organization of the synapses. Anat Rec 141 : 275-293, 1961.
 
Hama K : Some observations of the fine structure of the lateral line organ of the Japanese sea eel, Lyncozymba nystromi. J Cell Biol 24 : 193-210, 1965.
PubMed
Hama K : A study of the fine structure of the saccular macula of the goldfish. Z Zellforsch 94 : 155-171, 1969.
 
Hama K : Fine structure of the afferent synapse and gap junctions on the sensory hair cell in the saccular macula of goldfish. A freeze-fracture study. J Neurocytol 9 : 845-860, 1980.
PubMed
Hamburger V and Levi-Montalcini R : Proliferation, differentiation and degeneration in the spinal ganglia of the chick embryo under normal and experimental conditions. J Exper Zool 111 : 457-501, 1949.
 
Hamlyn LH : The fine structure of the mossy fibre endings in the hippocampus of the rabbit. J Anat 96 : 112-120, 1962.
 
Hamlyn LH : An electron microscope study of pyramidal neurons in the Ammon's horn of the rabbit. J Anat 97 : 189-201, 1963.
 
Hamori J and Mezey E : Serial and triadic synapses in the cerebellar nuclei of the cat. Exper Brain Res 30 : 259-273, 1977.
 
Hamori J, Pasik P and Pasik T : Postnatal differentiation of 'presynaptic dendrites' in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the rhesus monkey. In : Physiology and Pathology of Dendrites. Ed by GW Kreutzberg. Raven Press, New York, pp. 149-161. 1975.
 
Hamori J, Pasik T, Pasik P and Szentagothai J : Triadic synaptic arrangements and their possible significance in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the monkey. Brain Res 80 : 379-393, 1974.
PubMed
Hamori J and Szentagothai J : The Purkinje cell baskets : ultrastructure of an inhibitory synapse. Acta Biol Acad Sci Hung 15 : 465-479, 1965.
PubMed
Hamos JE and King JS : The synaptic organization of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the opossum. J Comp Neurol 194 : 441-463, 1980.
PubMed
Hamos JE, Von Horn SC, Raczkowski D, Uhlrich J and Sherman SM : Synaptic connectivity of a local circuit neurone in lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. Nature 317 : 618-621, 1985.
 
Harding BN, Dendro-dendritic synapses including reciprocal synapses in the ventro-lateral nucleus of the monkey thalamus. Brain Res 34 : 181-185, 1971.
 
Harker DW : The structure and innervation of sheep superior rectus and levator palpebrae muscles. I. Extrafusal muscle fibres. Invest Ophthalmol 11 : 956-969, 1972.
PubMed
Harris GW : The secreto-motor innervation and actions of the neurohypophysis an investigation using the method of remote control stimulation. Thesis for M. D. degree, Cambridge University, 1944.
 
Harris GW : Neural control of the pituitary gland. Physiol Rev 28 : 139-179, 1948.
PubMed
Harris GW : Neural Control of the Pituitary Gland. Edward Arnold LTD, London, 1955.
 
Harris GW, Jacobsohn D and Kahlson G : The occurrence of histamine in cerebral regions related to the hypophysis. Ciba Found Coll Endocrinol 4 : 186-195, 1952.
 
Harris KM and Landis DMD : Membrane structure at synaptic junctions in area CAI of the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 19 : 857-872, 1986.
 
Hartshorn RP and Catterall WA : The sodium channel from rat brain : Purification and subunit composition. J Biol Chem 259 : 1667-1675, 1984.
 
Hartschuh W, Weihe E, Buchler M, Helmstaedter V, Feurle V and Forsman WG : Metenkephalim like immunoreactivity in Merked cells. Cell Tissue Res 201 : 343-348, 1978.
 
Hartschuh W, Weihe W and Reinecke M : The Merkel cell. In : Biology of the Integument. Vol 2 Vertebrates. Ed by J Bereiter Hahn, AG Matoltsy and KS Richards. Springer-Verlay, Berlin, pp605-620, 1986.
 
Hartschuh W, Weihe E, Yanaihara N and Reinecke M : Immunohistochemical localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in Merkel cells of various mammals : Evidence for a neuromodulator function of the Merkel cell. J Invest Dermatol 81 : 361-364, 1983.
PubMed
Hashimoto K : The ultrastructure of human embryos. X. Merkel tactile cells in the finger and nail. J Anat 111 : 99-120, 1972.
 
Hashimoto K : Fine structure of Merkel cell in human oral mucosa. J Invest Dermatol 58 : 381-387, 1972.
PubMed
Hashimoto K : Fine structure of the Meissner corpuscle of human palmar skin. J Invest Dermatol 60 : 20-28, 1973.
PubMed
Hassall AH : The Microscopic Anatomy of the Human Body in Health and Disease. Vol 1 and 2 London 1846, New York 1851, 1855. (Ubersetzt von O. Kohlschotter : Mikroskopische Anatomic des menschlichen Korpers im gesunden and kranken Zustande. Leipzig 1850-1852. S255).
 
Hayashi K : An electron microscope study on the conduction system of the cow heart. Jap Cric J 26 : 765-842, 1962.
 
Hayashi S : Electron microscopy of the heart conduction system of the dog. Arch Histol Jap 33 : 67-86, 1971.
PubMed
Hayashi S, Oga K and Otsuka N : The fine structure of nerve endings in the sinus node of the canine heart. J Electr Micr 19 : 176-181, 1970.
 
Hayashi T : Effects of sodium glutamate on the nervous system. Keio J Med 3 : 183-192. 1954.
 
Hayashi T and Nagai K : Action of w-amino acids on the monkey cortex of higher animals, especially γ-amino-β-oxybutyric acid as the real inhibitory principle in brain. 20th Intern Physiol Congr Brussels 1956. Abstr of Reviews ; Abstr of Communications. p 410, 1956.
 
Hayashi T and Suhara R : Substances which produce epileptic seizures when applied on the motor cortex of dogs, and substances which inhibit the seizure directly. 20th Intern Physiol Congr Brussels 1956. Abstr of Reviews. Abstr of Communication p 410, 1956.
 
Head H : Studies in Neurology. Oxford University Press, London, 2vols, 1920.
 
Head H and Sherren J : The consequences of injury to the peripheral nerves in man. Brain 28 : 116-338, 1905.
 
Hebb CO : Formation, storage and liberation of acetylcholine. In : Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Ed by GB Koelle. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Vol 15, pp 55-88, 1963.
 
Hebb C and Hill KJ : Preudocholinesterases in Pacinian corpuscles. Nature 175 : 597, 1955.
PubMed
Held H : Die zentralen Bahnen des Nervus acusticus bei der Katze. Arch Anat Physiol (Lpz) 270 -291, 1891.
 
Held H : Beitrage zur Struktur der Nervenzellen and ihre Fortsatze. Part I. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abt 1895 : 396-416, Partll. ibid 1897 : 204-293, Part III. ibid (Erganzungsband) 1897 : 273-312.
 
Held H : Ueber den Ban der grauen and weissen Substanz. Arch Anat Physiol 1902 : 189-224.
 
Held H : Die Entstehung der Neurofibrillen. Neurol Centralbl 24 : 706-710, 1905.
 
Held H : Zur Kenntnis einer neurofibrillaren Continuitat im Centra Inerven system der Wirbeltiere. Arch Anat Physiol 119 : 55-78, 1905.
 
Held H : Zur Histogenese der Nervenleitung. Zentralbl. Norm Anat Mikrotechn 3-165, 1906.
 
Held H : Kritische Bemerkungen zu der Verteidigung der Neuroblasten and der Neuronentheorie durch R. Cajal. Anat Anz 30 : 369-391, 1907.
 
Held H : Die Entwicklung der Nervengewebe bei der Wirbeltieren. Barth, Leipzig, S. 378, 1909.
 
Held H : Die Lehre von den Neuronen and von Neurencytium and ihr heutiger Stand. Fortschr Naturwiss Forsch, NF, H8, S44, Urban and Schwarzenberg, Berlin, 1929.
 
Hellauer H : Zun Charakterisierung der Erregungssubstanz sensibler Nerven. Arch Exper Pathol Pharmakol 219 : 234-241, 1953.
 
Helmholz, HLF von : Vorlaufiger Bericht uber die Fortpflanzmgsgeschwindigkeit der Nervenreizung. Arch Anat Physiol Wiss Med 71-73, 1850.
 
Henderson D, Eibl H and Weber K : Structure and biochemistry of mouse hepatic gap junctions. J Mol Biol 132 : 193-218, 1979.
PubMed
Hendrickson AE, Ogren MP, Vaughin JE, Barber RP and Wu J-Y : Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of glutamic acid decarboxylase in monkey geniculute complex. Evidence for GABAergic neurons and synapses. J Neurosci 3 : 1245-1262, 1983.
 
Hendrikson CK and Vaughn JE : Fine structural relationships between neurites and radial glial processes in developing mouse spinal cord. J Neurocytol 3 : 659-675, 1974.
 
Henle J and KSlliker A : Ueber die Pacinischen Korperchen an den Nerven des Menschen and der Saugethiere. Zurich, 1844 (British and Foreign Medical Roview, Churchill, London 19 : 78-83, 1845 : Shortened English translation).
 
Henneman E : Peripheral mechanisms involved in the control of muscle. In : Medical Physiology. Ed by VB Mountcastle. CV Mosby Co, St Louis, pp1697-1716, 1968.
 
Hensel H : Cutaneous thermoreceptors. In : Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Ed by A Iggo. Vol 2. Somatosensory System. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp79-110, 1973.
 
Herbst G : Die Pacinischen Korper and ihre Bedeutung. Vandenhoeck u Ruprecht, Gottingen, 1848.
 
Heringa GC : Le developpement des corpuscles de Grandry et de Herbst. Arch Neerl Sci Soc Exper Nat 3 : 235-315, 1918.
 
Heritage AS, Grant LD and Stumpf WE : Autoradiographic localization of estradiol in catecholamine neurons of the rat brain sten. Proc Soc Neurosci 2 : 672, 1976.
 
Heritage AS, Stumpf WE, Sar M and Grant LD : Brainstem catecholamine neurons are target stites for sex steroid hormones. Science 207 : 1377-1379, 1980.
 
Hershey AD and Krause JE : Molecular characterization of a functional cDNA encoding the rat substance P receptor. Science 247 : 958-962, 1990.
PubMed
Heuser JE and Miledi R : Effect of lanthanum ions on function and structure of frog neuromuscular junctions. Proc Roy Soc Ser B 179 : 247-260, 1971.
 
Heuser JE and Reese TS : Stimulation induced uptake and release of peroxidase from synaptic vesicles in frog neuromuscular junctions. Anat Rec 172 : 329-330, 1972.
 
Heuser JE and Reese TS : Evidence for recycling of synaptic vesicle membrane during transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction. J Cell Biol 57 : 315-344, 1973.
PubMed
Heuser JE and Reese TS : Morphology of synaptic vesicle discharge and reformation at the frog neuromuscular junction. In Synaptic Transmission and Neuronal Interaction. Ed by MVL Bennett. Raven Press, New York, pp. 59-77, 1974.
 
Heuser JE and Reese TS : Redistribution of intramembranous particles from synaptic vesicles direct evidence for vesicle recycling. Anat Rec 181 : 374, 1975.
 
Heuser JE and Reese TS : Synaptic vesicle exocytosis captured by quick freezing. In : Fourth Intensive Study Program in the Neurosciences. Ed by FO Schmitt. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass, pp573-600, 1979.
 
Heuser JE and Reese TS : Structural changes after transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction. J Cell Biol 88 : 564-580, 1981.
PubMed
Heuser JE, Reese TS, Dennis MJ, Jan Y, Jan L and Evans L : Synaptic vesicle exocytosis captured by quick freezing and correlated with quantal transmitter release. J Cell Biol 81 : 275-300, 1979.
 
Heuser JE, Reese TS and Landis DMD : Functional changes in frog neuromuscular junctions studied with freeze-fracture. J Neurocytol 3 : 109-131, 1974.
 
Heuser JE and Salpeter SR : Organization of acetylcholine receptors in quick frozen, deep-etched, and rotary-replicated Torpedo postsynaptic membrane. J Cell Biol 82 : 150-173, 1979.
PubMed
Hibbs JB jr, Taintor RR and Varin Z : Macrophage cytotoxicity : role for L-arginine deiminase and imino nitrgen oxidation to nitrite. Science 235 : 473-476, 1987.
 
Hibbs JB jr, Varin Z and Taintor RR : L-Arginine is required to expression on the activated macrophage effector mechanism causing selective metabolic inhibition in target cells. J Immunol 138 : 550-565, 1987,
 
Hild W : Myelogenesis in cultures of mammalian central nervous system. Z Zellforsch 46 : 71-95, 1957.
PubMed
Hill A : The chrome-silver method : A study of the conditions under which the reaction occurs and a critisism of its results. Brain 19 : 1-42, 1896.
 
Hill DR, Bowery NG and Hudson AL : Inhibition of GABAB receptor binding by guanyl nucleodides. J Neurochem 42 : 652-657, 1984.
PubMed
Hille B : Ionic Channels of Excitable Membranes. Sinauer, Sunderland Mass, 2nd edit. 1991.
 
Hillman DE and Llinas R : Calcium-containing electron-dense structures in the axons of the squid giant synapse. J Cell Biol 61 : 146-155, 1974.
PubMed
Hinds JW : Reciprocal and serial dendro-dendritic synapses in the glomerular layer of the rat olfactory bulb, Brain Res 17 : 530-534, 1970.
 
Hinojosa R and Robertson JD : Ultrastructure of the spoon type synaptic endings in the nucleus vestibularis tangentialis of the chick. J Cell Biol 34 : 421-430, 1967.
 
Hinsey JC : Some observations on the innervation of skeletal muscle of the cat. J Comp Neurol 44 : 87-195, 1927.
 
Hinsey JC : The innervation of skeletal muscle. Physiol Rev 14 : 514-585, 1934.
 
Hirata Y : Some observations on the fine structure of synapses in the olfactory bulb of the mouse, with particular reference to the atypical synaptic configurations. Arch Histol Jap 24 : 303-317, 1964.
 
Hirata Y : Occurrence of cylindrical synaptic vesicles in the central nervous system perfused with buffered formalin. Arch Histol Jap 26 : 269-279, 1966.
 
平田幸男 : 局所回路ニューロン. 神経進歩 22 : 642-643, 1978.
 
平田幸男 : 局所神経回路の形態学-視床皮質系を中心に. 生体の科学 30 : 422-428, 1979.
 
Hirokawa N and Heuser JE : Internal and external differentiations of the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction. J Neurocytol 4 : 487-510, 1982.
 
Hirokawa N and Heuser JE : The inside and outside of gap junction membranes visualized by deepetching. Cell 30 : 395-406, 1982.
 
Hirokawa N, Sobue K, Kanda K, Harada A and Yorifuji H : The cytoskeletal architecture of the presynaptic terminal and molecular structure of synapsin I. J Cell Biol 108 : 111-126, 1989.
PubMed
Hirst GDS, de Gleria S and van Helden DF : Neuromuscular transmission in arterioles. Experientia 41 : 874-879, 1985.
 
His W : Beitrage zur normalen and pathologischen Histologie der Kornea. Schweighauser, Basel, 1856.
 
His W : Zur Geschichte des menschlichen Ruckenmarks and der Nervenwurzeln. Abh kgl sachs Ges Wissensch math phys Kl 13 : 147-209 u 477-513, 1886.
 
His W : Die Neuroblasten and deren Entstehung im embryonalen Marke. Abh kgl sachs Ges Wissen math phys Kl 15 : 311-372, 1889.
 
Hiscock J and Straznicky C : The formation of axonal projections of the mesencephalic trigeminal neurons in chick embryos. J Embryol Exper Morphol 93 : 281-290, 1986.
 
Hodgkin AL : The ionic basis of electrical activity in nerve and muscle. Biol Rev 26 : 339-409, 1951.
 
Hodgkin AL and Huxley AF : Action potentials recorded from inside a nerve fibre. Nature 144 : 710-711. 1939.
 
Hodgkin AL and Huxley AF : Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo. J Physiol 116 : 449-472, 1952.
PubMed
Hodgkin AL and Huxley AF : The components of the membrane conductance in the giant axon of Loligo. J Physiol 116 : 473-496, 1952.
PubMed
Hodgkin AL and Huxley AF : The dual effect of membrane potential on sodium coductance in the giant axon of Loligo. J Physiol 116 : 497-506, 1952.
 
Hodgkin AL and Huxley AF : A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. J Physiol 117 : 500-544, 1952.
PubMed
Hodgkin AL and Katz B : The effect of sodium ions on the electrical activity of the giant axon of the squid. J Physiol 108 : 37-77, 1949.
PubMed
Hoff EC : Central nerve terminals in the mammalian spinal cord and their examination by experimental degeneration. Proc Roy Soc B 111 : 175-188, 1932.
 
Hoffmann P : Untersuchungen uber die Eigenreflexe (Sehnenreflexe) menschlicher Muskeln. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, S. 106, 1922.
 
Hoggan G and Hoggan FE : Forked nerve endings on hairs. J Anat 27 : 224-231, 1892/93.
 
Hokfelt T : The effect of reserpine on the intraneuronal vesicles of the rat vas deferens. Experientia 22 : 26, 1966.
 
Hokfelt T : On the ultrastructural localization of noradrenaline in the central nervous system of the rat. Z Zellforsch 79 : 110-117, 1967.
PubMed
Hokfelt T : Ultrastructural studies on adrenergic nerve terminals in the albino rat iris after pharmacoloyical and experimental treatment. Acta Physiol Scand 69 : 125-126, 1967.
PubMed
Hokfelt T : In vitro studies on central and peri-pheral monoamine neurons at the ultrastructural level. Z Zellforsch 91 : 1-74, 1968.
 
Hokfelt T : Neuropeptides in perspective : The last ten years. Neuron 7 : 867-879, 1991.
PubMed
Hokfelt T, Elfvin LG, Elde R, Schultzberg M, Goldstein M and Luft R : Occurrence of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in some peripheral sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74 : 3587-3591, 1977.
PubMed
Hokfelt T, Johansson O and Goldstein M : Chemical anatomy of the brain. Science 225 : 1326-1334, 1984.
PubMed
Hokfelt T, Johansson O, Ljungdahl A, Lundberg JM and Schultzberg M : Peptidergic neurones. Nature 284 : 515-521, 1980.
PubMed
Hokfelt T and Jonsson G : Studies on reaction and binding of monoamines after fixation and processing for electron microscopy with special reference to fixation with potassium permanganate. Histochemie 16 : 45-67, 1968.
PubMed
Hokfelt T, Kellerth J-O, Nilsson G and Pernow B : Substance P : Localization in the central nervous system and in some primary sensory neurons. Science 190 : 889 890, 1975.
 
Hokfelt T and Ljungdahl A : Cellular localization of labeled gamma-aminobutyric acid (3H-GABA) in rat cerebellar cortex : an autoradiographic study. Brain Res 22 : 391-396, 1970.
PubMed
Hokfelt T and Ljungdahl A : Autoradiographic identification of cerebral and cerebellar cortical neurons accumulating labeled gamma aminobutyric acid (3H-GABA). Exper Brain Res 14 : 331-353, 1972.
 
Hokfelt T, Ljungdahl A, Steinbusch H, Verhofstad A, Nilsson G, Brodin E, Pernow B and Goldstein M : Immunohistochemical evidence of substance P like immunoreactivity in some 5-hydroxytryptamine containing neurons in the rat central nervous system. Neuroscience 3 : 517-538, 1978.
PubMed
Hokfelt T, Millhorn D, Seroogy K, Tsuruo Y, Ceccatelli S, Lindh B, Meister B, Melander T, Schalling M, Barfai T and Terenius L : Coexistence of peptides with classical neurotransmitters. Experientia 43 : 768-780, 1987.
 
Hokfelt T, Skirboll L, Rehfeld JF, Goldstein M, Markey K and Dann 0 : A subpopulation of mesencephalic dopamine neurons projecting to limbic areas contains a cholecystokinin-like peptide : evidence from immunohistochemistry combined with retrograde tracing. Neuroscience 5 : 2093-2124, 1980.
 
Hokfelt T, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z, Villar M and Melander T : Increase of galanin-like immunoreactivity in rat dorsal root ganglion cells after peripheral axotomy. Neurosci Lett 83 : 217-220, 1987.
PubMed
Holland P, Ingham P and Krauss 5 : Mice and flies head to head. Nature 358 : 627-628, 1992.
 
Hellmann M, O'Shea-Greenfield A, Rogers SW and Heinemann S : Cloning by functional expression of a member of the glutamate receptor family. Nature 342 : 643-648, 1989.
 
Holman ME and Surprenant A : Some properties of the excitatory junction potentials recorded from saphenous arteries of rabbits. J Physiol 287 : 337-351, 1979.
PubMed
Holmes RL : Comparative observations on inclusions in nerve fibers of the mammalian neurohypophysis. Z Zellforsch 64 : 474-492, 1964.
PubMed
Holtz P, Credner K and Kroneberg G : Uber das sympathicomimetische pressorische Prinzip des Harns ("Urosympathin"). Arch Exper Pathol Pharmakol 204 : 228-243, 1947.
 
Holtzman E and Mercurio AM : Membrane circulation in neurons and photoreceptors. Some on resolved issues. bit Rev Cytol 67 : 1-67, 1980.
 
Holtzman E, Novikoff AB and Villaverde H : Lysosomes and GERL in normal and chromatolytic neurons of the rat ganglion nodosum. J Cell Biel 33 : 419-435, 1967.
 
Hope BT, Michael GJ. Knigge KM and Vincent SR : Neuronal NADPH diaphorase is a nitric oxide synthase. Proc Natt Acad Sci USA 88 : 1811-1814, 1991.
 
Hopsu VK and Arstila AU : An apparent somatosomatic synaptic structure in the pineal gland of the rat. Exper Cell Res 37 : 484-487, 1965.
 
Horch KW. Tuckett RP and Burgess PR : A key to the classification of cutaneous mechanoreceptors. J Invest Dermatol 69 : 75-82, 1977.
 
Houk J and Henneman E : Responses of tendon organs to active contractions of the soleus muscle of the cat. J Neurophysiol 30 : 466-481, 1967.
 
Houser CR, Crawford GD, Salvaterra PM and Vaughn JE : Immunocytochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase in rat cerebral cortex : a study of cholinergic neurons and synapses. J Comp Neurol 234 : 17-34, 1985.
PubMed
Houser CR, Lee M and Vaughn JE : Immunocytochemical localization of glutamic acid decarboxylase in normal and deafferented superior colliculus : evidence for reorganization of γ-aminobutyric acid synapses. J Neurosci 3 : 2030-2042, 1983.
 
Hoyer H : Em Beitrag zur Histologic der Pacinischen KSrperchen. Arch Anat Physiol, Leipzig, pp 213-221, 1864.
 
Hsu SM, Raine L and Fanger H : Use of avidinbiotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) in immunoperoxidase techniques : A comparison between ABC and unlabeled antibody (PAP) procedures. J Histochem Cytochem 29 : 577-580, 1981.
PubMed
Hubbard SJ : A study of rapid mechanical events in a mechanoreceptor. J Physiol 141 : 198-218, 1958.
 
Hubbard JI and Kwanbunbumpen S : Evidence for the vesicle hypothesis. J Physiol 194 : 407-420, 1968.
PubMed
Huber GC and de Witt LMA : A contribution on the nerve terminations in neurotendinous end organs. J Comp Neurol 10 : 159-204, 1900.
 
Hudspeth AJ and Yee AG : The intercellular junctional complexes of retinal pigment epithelia. Invest Ophthalmol 12 : 794-796, 1973.
 
Hughes J, Smith TW, Kosterlitz HW, Fothergill LA, Morgan BA and Morris HR : Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity. Nature 258 : 577-580, 1975.
PubMed
Hunt CC : The physiology of muscle receptors. In : Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Ed by CC Hunt. Vol 3, pt 2, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp191-234, 1974.
 
Hunt CC : The Pacinian corpuscle. In : The Peripheral Nervous System. Ed by JI Hubbard, Plenum Press, New York, pp 405-420, 1974.
 
Hunt CC and Kuffler SW : Pharmacology of the neuromuscular junction. Pharmacol Rev 2 : 96-120, 1950.
 
Hunt CC, Wilkinson RS and Fukami Y : Ionic basis of the receptor potential in primary endings of mammalian muscle spindles. J Gen Physiol 71 : 683-798, 1978.
PubMed
Hunt R and Taveau R de R : On the physiological action of certain cholin derivatives and new methods for detecting cholin. Brit Med J 1906, II, 1788-1791.
 
Huttner WB, Schiebler W, Greengard P and De Camilli P : Synapsin I (Protein I), a nerve terminal-specific phosphoprotein. III. Its association with synaptic vesicles studied in a highly purified synaptic vesicle preparation. J Cell Biol 96 : 1374-1388, 1983.
 
Huxley TH : On the structure and relation of the corpuscula tactus (tactile corpuscles or axile corpuscles) and of the Pacinian bodies. Quart J Micr Sci 2 : 1-7, 1854.
 
Ibata Y, Matsuura T, Nojyo Y and Inoue T : ZIO staining for degenerating terminals of rat spinal cords after transection. Acta Histochem Cytochem 6 : 267-272, 1973.
 
Ibata Y, Matsuura T, Nojyo Y and Sano Y : The application of a modified ZIO impregnation technique for the developing spinal cord of the rat. Acta Histochem Cytochem 8 : 324-330, 1975.
 
Ibata Y, Nojyo Y, Matsuura T and Ochi J : A modified zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide staining method for nerve terminals in spinal cords of the rat. Acta Histochem Cytochem 5 : 97-105, 1972.
 
Ichimura T and Hashimoto PH : Structural components in the synaptic cleft captured by freezesubstitution and deep etching of directly frozen cerebellar cortex. J Neurocytol 17 : 3-12, 1988.
PubMed
Ide C : The fine structure of the digital corpuscle of the mouse toe pad, with special reference to nerve fibers. Amer J Anat 147 : 329-356, 1976.
PubMed
Ide C : Development of Meissner corpuscle of mouse toe pad. Anat Rec 188 : 49-68, 1977.
PubMed
Ide C : Degeneration of mouse digital corpuscles. Amer J Anat 163 : 59-72, 1982.
PubMed
Ide C : Regeneration of mouse digital corpuscles. Amer J Anat 163 : 73-85, 1982.
PubMed
Ide C : Histochemical study of lamellar cell devel opment of Meissner corpuscle. Arch Histol Jap 45 : 83-97, 1982.
 
Ide C : Basal laminae and Meissner corpuscle regeneration. Brain Res 384 : 311-322, 1986.
PubMed
Ide C : Role of extracellular matrix in the regeneration of a Pacinian corpuscle. Brain Res 413 : 155-169, 1987.
PubMed
Ide C and Hayashi S : Specialization of plasma membranes in Pacinian corpuscles : Implications for mechano-electric transduction. J Neurocytol 759-773, 1987.
PubMed
Ide C, Kumagai K and Hayashi S : Freeze fracture study of mechanoreceptive digital corpuscle of mice. J Neurocytol 14 : 1037-1052, 1985.
PubMed
Ide C and Munger BL : A cytologic study of Grandry corpuscle development in chicken toe skin. J Comp Neurol 179 : 301-324, 1978.
PubMed
Ide C, Nitatori T and Munger BL : The cytology of human Pacinian corpuscles : Evidence for sprouting of the central axon. Arch Histol Jap 50 : 363-383, 1987.
PubMed
Ide C and Saito T : Electron microscopic cytochemistry of cholinesterase activity of mouse digital corpuscle. Acta Histochem Cytochem 13 : 218-226, 1980.
 
Ide C and Saito T : Electron microscoptic histochemistry of cholinesterase activity of Vater-Pacini corpuscle. Acta Histochem Cytochem 13 : 293-305, 1980.
 
Ide C and Saito T : Electron microscopic histochemistry of ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities in mouse digital corpuscles. J Neurocytol 9 : 207-218, 1980.
PubMed
Ide C and Tohyama K : Macrophages in Pacinian corpuscles. Acta Anat 121 : 110-114, 1985.
PubMed
Ide C, Yoshida Y, Hayashi S, Takashiro M and Munger BL : A re-evaluation of the cytology to Pacinian corpuscle. II. The extreme tip. Cell Tissue Res 253 : 95-103, 1988.
 
Iggo A : Cutaneous receptors. In : The Peripheral Nervous System. Ed by SJ Hubbard. Pergamon Press, New York London, pp. 351-353, 1974.
 
Iggo A and Muir AR : The structure and function of a slowly adapting touch corpuscle in hairy skin. J Physiol 200 : 763-796, 1969.
PubMed
Ignarro LJ, Bush PA. Buga GM, Wood KS, Fukuto JM and Rajfer J : Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation upon electrical field stimulation cause relaxation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 170 : 843-850, 1990.
PubMed
Ilyinsky OB : Process of excitation and inhibition in single mechanoreceptors (Pacinian corpuscles). Nature 208 : 351-353, 1965.
PubMed
Ishida A : The oxytocin release and compound action potential evoked by electrical stimulation on the isolated neurohypophysis of the rat. Jap J Physiol 20 : 84-96, 1970.
 
Ito M : Long-term depression. Annu Rev Neurosci 12 : 85-102, 1989.
PubMed
Ito Y and Kuriyama K : Some properties of solubilized GABA receptor. Brain Res 236 : 351-364, 1982.
PubMed
Iverfeldt K, Serfozo P, Diaz AL and Bartfai T : Differential release of coexisting neurotransmit-ters : frequency dependence of the efflux of substance P, thyrotropin releasing hormone and 3H-serotonin from tissue slices of rat ventral spinal cord. Acta Physiol Scand 137 : 63-71, 1989.
 
Iversen LL : The Uptake and Storage of Noradrenaline in Sympathetic Nerves. Cambridge Univ Press. London, 1967.
 
Iversen LL : Neuropeptides- What next? Trends Neurosci 6 : 293-294, 1983.
 
Iversen L and Goodman E : Fast and Slow Chemical Signalling in the Nervous System. Oxford University Press, New York, 1986.
 
Iversen LL and Neal MJ : The uptake of 3H-GABA by slices of rat cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 15 : 1141-1149, 1968.
PubMed
Iwanaga T, Fujita T. Takahashi Y and Nakajima T : Meissners and Pacinian corpuscles as studies by immunohistochemistry for S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament protein. Neurosci Lett 31 : 117-121, 1982.
 
Iwayama T. Furness JB and Burnstock G : Dual adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the cerebral arteries of the rat. An ultrastructural study. Circ Res 26 : 635-646, 1970.
PubMed
Izpisua-Belmonte J-C, DeRobertis EM, Storey KG and Stern CD : The homeobox gene goosecoid and the origin of organizer cells in the early chick blastoderm. Cell 74 : 645-659, 1993.
 
Izquierdo : Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Endigung der sensiblen Nerven. Strassburg 1879.
 
Jabonero V : Uber die Brauchbarkeit der Osmiumtetroxyd Zinkjodid-Methode zur Analyse der vegetativen Peripherie. Acta Neuroveg 26 : 184-210, 1964.
 
Jacobsen JG and Smith jr LH : Comparison of decarboxylation of cysteine sulphinic acid-1-14C and cysteic acid-1-14C by human, dog and rat liver and brain. Nature 200 : 575-577. 1963.
 
Jacobson M : Developmental Neurobiology. Plenum Press, New York and London, Third Edit, 1991.
 
Jacubowitch MN : Terminaisons des nerfs a la peripherie et dans les differents organes, on terminaisons peripheriques do systeme nerveux en general. CR Acad Sci, Paris 50 : 859-862, 1860.
 
James DW and Tresman RL : Synaptic profiles in the outgrowth from chick spinal cord in vitro. Z Zellforsch 10 : 598-606, 1969.
 
Jan YN, Bowers CM, Branton D, Evans L and Jan LY : Peptides in neuronal function : studies using frog autonomic ganglia. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quart Biol 48 : 363-374, 1983.
 
Jande SS : Fine structure of lateral line organs in frog tadpoles. J Ultrastruct Res 15 : 496-509, 1966.
PubMed
Jansen JKS and Matthews PBC : The central control of the dynamic response of muscle spindle receptors. J Physiol 161 : 357-378, 1962.
 
Jansen JKS and Rudjord T : On the silent period and Golgi tendon organs of the soleus muscle of the cat. Acta Physiol Scand 62 : 364-379, 1964.
 
Jessel TM and Kandel ER : Synaptic transmission : A bidirectional and self-modifiable form of cellcell communication. Cell 72/Neuron 10 (Suppl) 1 -30, 1993.
 
Jirmanova I and Zelena I : Uptake of horseradish peroxidase by sensory terminals of lamellated corpuscles in mouse foot pads. Acta Neuropathol 52 : 129-134, 1980.
PubMed
Johnson EM, Ueda T, Macro H and Greengard P : Adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of a specific protein in synaptic membrane fractions from rat cerebrum. J Biol Chem 247 : 5650-5652, 1972.
 
Johnson JL and Aprison MH : The distribution of glutamic acid, a transmitter candidate and other amino acids in the dorsal sensory neuron of the cat. Brain Res 24 : 285-292, 1970.
PubMed
Johnson JL and Aprison MH : The distribution of glutamate and total free amino acids in thirteen specific regions of the cat CNS. Brain Res 26 : 141-148, 1971.
 
Johnson KO and Lamb GD : Neural mechanisms of spatial tactile discrimination : Neural patterns evoked by braille-like dot patterns in the monkey. J Physiol 310 : 117-144, 1981.
PubMed
Jones DG : The morphology of the contact region of vertebrate synaptosomes. Z Zellforsch 95 : 263-279, 1969.
PubMed
Jones DG : A study of the presynaptic network of Octopus synaptosomes. Brain Res 20 : 145-158, 1970.
PubMed
Jones DG : Some factors affecting the PTA staining of synaptic junctions ; a preliminary comparison of PTA stained junctions in various regions of the CNS. Z Zellforsch 143 : 301-312, 1973.
PubMed
Jones DG : Synapses and Synaptosomes. Morphological Aspects. Chapman and Hall, London, 258p, 1975.
 
Jones DG and Bradford HF : Observations on the morphology of mammalian synaptosomes following their incubation and electrical stimulation. Brain Res 28 : 491-499, 1971.
PubMed
Jones DG and Bradford HF : The relationship between complex vesicles, dense cored vesicles and dense projections in cortical synaptosomes. Tissue and Cell 3 : 177-190, 1971.
PubMed
Jones DG and Brearley RF : Further studies on synaptic junctions. I. Ultrastructural features in intact rat cerebral cortex. Z Zellforsch 125 : 415-431, 1972.
PubMed
Jones DG and Brearley RF : Further studies on synaptic junctions. II. A comparison of synaptic ultrastructure in fractionated and intact cerebral cortex. Z Zellforsch 125 : 432-447, 1972.
 
Jones DG, Brearley RF and Doran GA : The organization of dense projections in synapses of the brain of a marsupial, Setonix brachyrus. Anat Rec 174 : 39-46, 1972.
 
Jones EG and Powell TPS : Synapses on the axon hillocks and initial segments of pyramided cell axons in the cerebral cortex. J Cell Sci 5 : 495-507, 1969.
 
Jones EG and Powell TPS : Morphological variations in the dendritic spines of the neocortex. J Cell Sci 5 : 509-529, 1969.
 
Jones EG and Powell TPS : An electron micro scopic study of terminal degeneration in the neocortex of the cat. Trans Roy Soc Land B 257 29-43, 1970.
 
Jones EG and Rocket AJ : Observations on complex vesicles, neurofilamentous hyperplasia and increased electron density during terminal degeneration in the inferior colliculus. J Comp Neurol 147 : 93-118, 1973.
 
Jones SF and Kwanbunbumpen S : The effects of nerve stimulation and hemicholinium on synaptic vesicles at the mammalian neuromuscular junction. J Physiol 207 : 31-50, 1970.
PubMed
Jones TE and Munger BL : Early differentiation of the afferent nervous system in glabrous snout skin of the opossum (Monodetphis domestica). Somatosen Res 3 : 169-184, 1985.
 
Julius D : Molecular biology of serotonin receptors. Annu Rev Neurosci 14 : 335-360, 1991.
PubMed
Kadanoff D und Cuckov Chr : Die afferente Innervation der Pars nasalis pharyngis beim Menschen. Z Mikr-Anat Forsch 76 : 212-225, 1967.
 
Kadota K and Kadota T : A nucleoside diphosphate phosphohydrase present in a coated vesicle fraction from synaptosomes of guinea-pig whole brain. Brain Res 56 : 371-376, 1973.
 
Kadota K and Kadota T : Isolation of coated vesicles, plain synaptic vesicles and fine particles from synaptosomes of guinea-pig. Wholebrain. J Electr Micr 22 : 91-98. 1973.
 
Kadota K and Kadota T : Isolation of coated vesicles, plain synaptic vesicles, and flocculent material from a crude synaptosome fraction of guinea pig whole brain. J Cell Biol 58 : 135-151, 1973.
 
Kadota K and Kadota T : Membrane retrieval by macropinocytosis in presynaptic terminals during transmitter release in cat sympathetic ganglia in situ. J Electr Micr 31 : 73-80, 1982.
 
Kadota T, Fujita M, Moroi K and Kadota K : Localization of a 82 kDa protein in postsynaptic density and its association with cytoskeletons. Neurosci Res 15 : 124-129, 1992.
PubMed
Kaiserman-Abramof IR and Palay SL : Fine structural studies of the cerebellar cortex in a mormyrid fish. In : Neurobiology of Cerebellar Evolution and Development. Ed by R Llinas. Amer Med Ass, Chicago, pp171-205, 1969.
 
Kaiserman-Abramof IR and Peters A : Some aspects of the morphology of Betz cells in the cerebral cortex of the cat. Brain Res 43 : 527-546, 1972.
PubMed
Kallen RG, Sheng Z H, Yang J, Chen L, Rogart RB and Barchi RL : Primary structure and expression of a sodium channel characteristic of dener vated and immature rat skeletal muscle. Neuron 4 : 233-242, 1990.
 
Kallius E : Endigungen sensibler Nerven bet Wirbeltieren. Erg Anat Entw-gesch 5 : 53-94, 1896.
 
金関悳 : シナプスの微細構造-特にその小胞構造について. 伝達物質と受容物質. 特定研究「神経科学」総括班研究報告書 2 : 19-59, 1976.
 
Kanaseki T : A morphological study of the synaptic and coated vesicles isolated from the nerve endings of vertebrate brain. Abstr IV Internal Meet Internal Soc Neurochem, Tokyo. R8-7, 1973.
 
Kanaseki T and Kadota K : The 'vesicle in a basket'. A morphological study of the coated vesicle isolated from the nerve endings of the guinea pig brain, with special reference to the mechanism of membrane movements. J Cell Biol 42 : 202-220, 1969.
 
Kandel ER and Schwartz JH : Principles of Neural Science. Elsevier, New York, 2nd Edit, 1985.
 
Kandel ER and Schwartz JH : Directly gated trans mission at central synapses. In : Principles of Neural Science. Ed by ER Kandel, JH Schwartz and TM Jessell. Prentice-Hall International Inc, USA, 3rd Edit, pp 153-172. 1991.
 
Kaneko T, Akiyama H, Nagatsu I and Mizuno N : Immunohistochemical demonstration of glutaminase in catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons of rat brain. Brain Res 507 : 141-154, 1990.
 
Kangawa K and Matsuo H : alpha-Neo-endorphin : a 'big' Leu-enkephalin with potent opiate activity from porcine hypothalami. Biochem Biophy Res Commun 86 : 153-160, 1979.
PubMed
Kangawa K, Minamino N, Chino N, Sakakibara S and Matsuo H : The complete amino acid sequence of alpha-neo-endorphin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 99 : 871-878, 1981.
PubMed
Kangrga I and Randic M : Tachykinins and calcitonin gene-related peptide enhance release of endogenous glutamate and aspartate from the rat spinal dorsal horn slice. J Neurosci 10 : 2026-2038, 1990.
PubMed
Kannari K : Sensory receptors in the periodontal ligament of hamster incisors with special reference to the distribution, ultrastructure and three-dimensional reconstruction of Ruffini endings. Arch Histol Cytol 53 : 559-573, 1990.
 
Kannari K, Sato O, Maeda T, Iwanaga T and Fujita T : A possible mechanism of mechanoreception in Ruffini endings in the periodontal ligament of hamster incisors. J Comp Neurol 31 : 368-376, 1991.
 
Kantner M : Studien uber den sensiblen Apparat in der Glans penis (I). Anat Anz 99 : 159-179, 1952.
PubMed
Kantner M : Studien uber den sensiblen Apparat in der Glans penis (II). Z Mikr-Anal Forsch 59 : 439-462, 1953.
 
Kantner M : Studien uber den sensiblen Apparat in der Glans clitoridis I. Die Clitoris der Greisin. Z Mikr-Anal Forsch 60 : 388-398, 1954.
 
Kappers JA : Discussion remark. In : The Pineal Gland. Ed by GEW Wolstenholme and J Knight. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, London, p121, 1971.
 
Karasek M : Quantitative changes in number of "synaptic" ribbons in rat pinealocytes after orchidectomy and in organ culture. J Neural Transm 38 : 149-157, 1976.
PubMed
Karlin A, Prices J, Deal W and Winnisk M : Affinity labelling of the acetylcholine receptor in the electroplax. J Med Biol 61 : 175-188, 1971.
 
Karlsson U : Three-dimensional study of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat. II. Environment of perikarya and proximal parts of their branches. J Ultrastruct Res 16 : 482-504, 1966.
PubMed
Karobath M and Sperk G : Stimulation of benzodiazepine receptor binding by gamma-aminobutyric acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76 : 1004-1006, 1979.
PubMed
Karrer HE : The striated musculature of blood vessels. I. General cell morphology. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 6 : 383-392, 1959.
PubMed
Kasakov L, Ellis J, Kirkpatrik K, Milner P and Burnstock G : Direct evidence for concomitant release of noradrenaline, adenosine 5'-triphosphate and neuropeptide Y from sympathetic nerve supplying the guinea pig vas deferens. J Auton Nerv Syst 22 : 75-82, 1988.
 
Kataoka M and DeRobertis E : Histamine in iso lated small nerve endings and synaptic vesicles of rat brain cortex. J Pharmacol Exper Therap 156 : 114-125, 1967.
 
Katz B : Depolarization of sensory terminals and the initiation of impulses in the muscle spindle. J Physiol 111 : 261-282, 1950.
PubMed
Katz B : Morphophysiology of neuromuscular junction. A physiological "quantum of action" at the myoneural junction, Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 102 : 275-295, 1958.
 
Katz B : Nerve, Muscle, and Synapse. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1966.
 
Katz B : The Release of Neural Transmitter Substances. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, 1969.
 
Katz B : Quantal mechanism of neural transmitter release. Science 173 : 123-126, 1971.
PubMed
Katz B and Miledi R : A study of spontaneous miniature potentials in spinal motoneurons. J Physiol 168 : 389-422, 1963.
PubMed
Katz B and Miledi R : The effect of calcium on acetylcholine release from motor nerve terminals. Proc Roy Soc Ser B 161 : 496-503, 1965.
 
Katz B and Miledi R : Membrane noise produced by acetylcholine. Nature 226 : 962-963, 1970.
PubMed
Katz B and Miledi R : Estimates of quantal content during "chemical potentiation" of transmitter release. Proc Roy Soc Lond B Biol Sci 205 : 369-378, 1979.
 
Katz B and Schmitt OH : Electric interaction between two adjacent nerve fibres. J Physiol 97 : 471-488, 1939.
 
Kawaguchi Y, Hoshimaru M, Nawa H and Nakanishi S : Sequence analysis of cloned cDNA for rat substance P precursor : existence of a third substance P precursor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 139 : 1040-1046, 1986.
PubMed
Kawana E, Akert K and Bruppacher H : Enlargement of synaptic vesicles as an early sign of terminal degeneration in the rat caudate nucleus. J Comp Neural 142 : 297-308, 1971.
 
Kawana E, Akert K and Sandri C : Zinc iodideosmium tetroxide impregnation of nerve terminals in the spinal cord. Brain Res 16 : 325-331, 1969.
PubMed
Kawata M, Nakao K, Morii N, Kiso Y, Yamashita H, Imura H and Sano Y : Atrial natriuretic polypeptide : Topographical distribution in the rat brain by radio immunossay and immunohistochemistry. Neuroscience 16 : 521-546, 1985.
 
Kelly PT and Cotman CW : Characterization of tubulin and actin and identification of a distinct postsynaptic density polypeptide. J Cell Biol 79 : 786-793, 1978.
 
Kelly PT and Montgomery PR : Subcellular localization of the 52000 molecular weight major postsynaptic density protein. Brain Res 233 : 265-286, 1982.
 
Kennedy MB, Bennett MK and Erondu NW : Biochemical and immunochemical evidence that the major postsynaptic density protein is a subunit of a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80 : 7357-7361, 1983.
 
Kerschner L : Beitrag zur Kenntnis der sensiblen Endorgane. Anat Anz 3 : 288-296, 1888.
 
Key A and Retzius G : Studien in der Anatomie des Nervensystems and des Bindegewebes. Samson & Wallin, Stockholm, 1876.
 
Kidd M : Electron microscopy of the inner plexiform layer of the retina in the cat and the pigeon. J Anat 96 : 179-187, 1962.
 
Killiam KF : Convulsant hydrazides 2 : Comparison of electrical changes and enzyme inhibition induced by the administration of thiosemicarbazide. J Pharmacol Exper Therap 119 : 263-271, 1957.
 
Killiam KF and Bain JA : Convulsant hydrazides 1 : In vitro and in vivo inhibition of vitamin B6 enzymes by convulsant hydrazides. J Pharmacol Exper Therap 119 : 255-262, 1957.
 
Kim D, Lewis DL, Graziadei L, Neer EJ, Bar-Sagi D and Clapham DE : G-protein βγ subunits activate the cardiac muscarinic K+ channel via phospholipase A2. Nature 337 : 557-560, 1989.
 
Kisch B : Electronmicroscopy of the frogs heart. Exper Med Surg 19 : 104-142, 1961.
 
Kistler J, Stroud RM, Klymkowski MW, Lalancette RA and Fairclough RH : Structure and function of an acetylcholine receptor. Biophys J 37 : 371-383, 1982.
 
Klauer G : Die Mechanoreceptoren in der Hart der Wirbeltiere : Morphologie and Klassifizierung. Z Mikr Anat Forsch 100 : 273-289, 1986.
 
Klein M : Sur la differenciation d'elements tactiles dans le nevrome d'amputation des nerfs du bee de canard. Arch Anat Histol Embryol 14 : 267-300, 1932.
 
Klein RL, Wilson SP, Dzielak DJ, Yang W-H and Viveros OH : Opioid peptides and noradrenaline co-exist in large, dense cored vesicles from sympathetic nerve. Neurosci 7 : 2255-2261, 1982.
 
Knaus P, Marqueze-Pouey B, Scherer H and Betz H : Synaptoprotein, a novel putative channel protein of synaptic vesicles. Neuron 5 : 453-462, 1990.
PubMed
兒玉邦男 : ファター・パチニ氏小體, 被嚢及ビ内棍ニ関スル組織学的研究 解剖誌 9 : 1-34, 1936.
 
Koelle GB and Friedenwald JS : A histochemical melthod for localizing cholinesterase activity. Proc Sue Exper Biol 70 : 617-622, 1949.
 
Koelle GB and Gilman A : Anticholinesterase drugs. J Pharmacol Exper Therap 95 : 166-216, 1949.
 
Koelliker A : Uber den Bau der Cutispapillen und der sogenannten Tastkarperchen. R. Wagners. Z Wiss Zool 4 : 43-52, 1852.
 
Koelliker A : Golgis Untersuchungen uber den feineren Bau des centralen Nervensystems. Wurzburg Sitz-Ber. 21. Mai, 556-62, 1887.
 
Koelliker A : Die Untersuchungen von Golgi uber der feineren Bau des centralen Nervensystems. Anat Anz 2 : 480-483, 1887.
 
Koelliker A : Sensible and Gefassnerven der Muskeln and Sehnen. In : Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen. W Engelmann, Leipzig, 5387-400, 1889.
 
Koelliker A : Zur feineren Anatomic des centralen Nervensyotems. 1. Das Kleinhirn. Z Wiss Zool 49 : 663-689, 1890.
 
Koelliker A : Uber den feineren Bau des Bulbus olfactorius. Sitz-ber physiol-med Ges Wtirzburg 1 : 1-5, 1892.
 
Koenig H : Quelques particularites ultrastructur ales des zones synaptiques clans le ganglion ciliare du poulet. Bull Ass Anat Orsay 138 : 711-719, 1967.
 
Kohno K : Symmetrical axo-axonic synapses in the axon cap of the goldfish Mauthner cell. Brain Res 23 : 255-258, 1970.
 
Kojima K and Saito K : A photographic presentation on the initial segment of an anterior horn neuron in the cat. J Electr Micr 19 : (4) 38-39, 1970.
 
Kojima T, Saito K and Kakimi S : An Electron Microscopic Atlas of Neuron. A Complete Picture of the Neuron Soma and General Structures of the Neuron. Tokyo Univ Press, Tokyo, pp1-149, 1971.
 
Kojima T, Saito K and Kakimi S : Electron microscopic quantitative observations on the neuron and the terminal boutons contacted with it in the ventrolateral part of the anterior horn (C6-7) of the adult cat. Folia Anat Jap 49 : 175-226, 1972.
 
Kolb H : The organization of the outer plexiform layer in the retina of the cat : electron microscopic observations. J Neurocytol 6 : 131-153, 1977.
PubMed
Kolb H : Synaptic connections of the interplexiform cells in the retina of the cat. J Neurocytol 6 : 155-170, 1977.
 
Kolb H : The inner plexiform layer in the retina of the cat : electron microscopic observations. J Neurocytol 8 : 295-329, 1979.
PubMed
Kolb H and Famiglietti E : Rod and cone pathways in the inner plexiform layer of cat retina. Science 186 : 47-49, 1974.
PubMed
Korn H, Sotelo C and Crepel F : Electrotonic coupling between neurons in the rat lateral vestibular nucleus. Exper Brain Res 16 : 255-275, 1973.
 
Korneliussen H : Ultrastructure of normal and stimulated motor endplates. With comments on the origin and fate of synaptic vesicles. Z Zellforsch 130 : 23-57, 1972.
 
Korneliussen H : Elongated profiles of synaptic vesicles in motor and plates. Morphological effects of fixative variations. J Neurocytol 1 : 279-296, 1972.
 
Kosaka T and Hama K : Gap junctions between non-pyramidal cell dendrites in the rat hippocampus (CA1 and CA3 regions) : a combined Golgi electron microscopic study. J Comp Neurol 231 : 150-161, 1985.
PubMed
Kosaka T, Nagatsu J, Wu J-Y and Hama K : Use of high concentrations of glutaraldehyde for immunocytochemistry of transmitter synthesizing enzymes in the central nervous system. Neuroscience 18 : 975-990, 1986.
 
Koziol JA and Tuckwell HC : Analysis and estimation of synaptic densities and their spatial variation on the motoneuron surface. Brain Res 150 : 617-624, 1978.
PubMed
Krause W : Uber Nervenendigungen. Z Ration Med 5 : 28-48, 1859.
 
Krause W : Die terminalen Korperchen der einfach sensiblen Nerven. Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung, Hannover, 1860.
 
Krause W : Recherches sur l'anatomic et la physiologic de la conjunctive. J Physiol (Paris) 5 : 296. 307, 1862.
 
Krause W : Ueber die Funktion der Vaterschen Korperchen. Henleu. Pfeiffers Z 17 : 278-317, 1863 (Zb Med Wiss 12 : 180-181, 1863).
 
Krause W : Ueber die Nervenendigungen in den Geschlechtsorganen. Z Rat Med 27 : 86-88, 1866.
 
Krause W : Die Nervenendigung innerhalb der terminalen Korperchen. Arch Mikr Anat 19 : 53-136, 1881.
 
Kravitz EA, Kuffler SW and Potter DD : Gammaaminobutyric acid and other blocking compounds in Crustacea. III. Their relative concentrations in separated motor and inhibitory axons. J Neurophysiol 26 : 739-751. 1963.
PubMed
Kravitz EA and Potter DD : A further study of the distribution of raminobutyric acid between excitatory and inhibitory axons of the lobster. J Neurochem 12 : 323-328, 1965,
 
Krieger DT : Brain peptides : What, where, and why? Science 222 : 975-985, 1983.
PubMed
Krnjevic K : Chemical nature of synaptic transmission in vertebrates. Physiol Rev 54 : 418-540, 1974.
 
Krstic R : Beitrag zur Kenntnis der "synaptic ribbons" in der Glandula pinealis der Ratte (Vorlaufige Mitteilung). Verb anat Ges 69 : 443-446, 1975.
 
Krstic R : Ultracytochemistry of the synaptic ribbons in the rat pineal organ. Cell Tissue Res 166 : 135-143, 1976.
PubMed
Kruger L : Morphological correlates of 'free' nerve endings, a reappraisal of thin sensory axon classification. In : Fine Afferent Nerve Fibers and Pain. Ed by RF Schmidt, H-G Schaible and C Vahle-Hinz. VCH Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp1-13, 1987.
 
Kruger L, Perl ER and Sedivec MJ : Fine structure of myelinated mechanical nocireceptor endings in cat hairy skin. J Comp Neurol 198 : 137-154, 1981.
 
Krumlauf R : Hox genes and pattern formation in the brachial region of vertebrate head. Trends in Genet 9 : 106-112, 1993.
 
Kucera J : Histochemical study of long nuclear chain fibres in the cat muscle spindle. Anat Rec 198 : 567-580, 1980.
PubMed
Kucera J : Motor nerve terminals of cat nuclear chain fibres studied by the cholinesterase technique. Neuroscience 5 : 403-411, 1980.
PubMed
Kucera J : Myofibrillar ATP ase activity of intrafusal fibers in chronically deafferented rat muscle spindles. Histochemistry 66 : 221-228, 1980.
 
Kucera J : Histochemical profiles of cat intrafusal muscle fibres and their motor innervation. Histochemistry 73 : 469-476, 1981.
PubMed
Kucera J : A study of motor nerve terminals on cat nuclear bag 1 intrafusal muscle fibres using the ChE staining technique. Anat Rec 202 : 407-418, 1982.
 
Kucera J and Walro JM : Postnatal maturation of spindles in deafferented rat soleus muscles. Anat Embryol 176 : 449-461, 1987.
PubMed
Kucera J and Walro JM : Postnatal expression of myosin heavy chains in muscle spindles of the rat. Anat Embryol 179 : 369-376, 1989.
PubMed
Kucera J, Walro JM and Reichler J : Innervation of developing intrafusal muscle fibers in the rat. Amer J Anat 183 : 344-358, 1988.
PubMed
Kucera J, Walro JM and Reichler J : Motor and sensory innervation of muscle spindles in the neonatal rat. Anat Embryol 177 : 427-436, 1988.
PubMed
Kuffler SW : Electric potential changes at an isolated nerve-muscle junction. J Neurophysiol 5 : 18-26, 1942.
 
Kuffler SW : Transmitter mechanism at the nervemuscle junctions. Arch Sci Physiol 3 : 585-601, 1949.
 
Kuffler SW and Edwards C : Mechanism of gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) action and its relation to synaptic inhibition. J Neurophysiol 21 : 589-610, 1958.
 
Kuffler SW and Nicholls JG : The physiology of neuroglial cells. Erg Physiol 57 : 1-90, 1966.
PubMed
Kuffter SW, Nicholls JIG and Martin AR : From Neuron to Brain. A Cellular Approach to the Function of the Nervous System. Simmer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Mass. 1984.
 
Kuffler SW, Nicholls JIG and Orkand RK : Physiological properties of glial cells in the central nervous system of amphibia. J Neurophysiol 29 : 768-787, 1966.
 
Kuffler SW and Potter DD : Glia in the leech central nervous system : Physiological properties and neuron-glia relationship. J Neurophysiol 27 : 290-320, 1964.
PubMed
Kuhne W : Uber die peripherischen Endorgane der motorischen Nerven. W Engelmann, Leipzig, 1862.
 
Kuhne W : Uber die Endigung der Nerven in den Muskeln. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 27 : 508-533, 1863.
 
Kuhne W : Die Muskelspindeln. Ein Beitrag zur Lehre von der Entwicklung der Muskeln and Nervenfasern. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 28 : 528-538, 1863.
 
Kuhne W : Nerv and Munkelfaser. In : Handbuch der Lehre von den Geweben des Menschen and der Thiere. Herausg von S Stricken W Engelmann, Leipzig, S. 147-160, 1871.
 
Kuhne W : Neue Untersuchungen uber motorische Nervenendigungen. Z Biol 23 : 1-148, 1887.
 
Kuhne W : On the origin and the causation of vital movement. Proc Roy Soc (London) Set B 44 : 427-447, 1888.
 
Kultas-Illinsky K, Illinsky IA, Young PA and Smith KR : Ultrastructure of degenerating cerebellothalamic terminals in the ventral medial nucleus of the cat. Exper Brain Res 38 : 125-135, 1980.
 
Kultschitzky NK : uber den Ban der Grandryschen Korperchen. Arch Mikr Anat 23 : 358-379, 1884.
 
Kumamoto K, Ebara S and Matsuura T : Noradrenergic fibers in the Pacinian corpuscles of the cat urinary bladder. Acta Anat 146 : 46-52, 1993.
PubMed
Kumamoto K, Senuma H, Ebara S and Matsuura T : Distribution of pacinian corpuscles in the hand of the monkey, Macaca fuscata. J Anat 183 : 149-154, 1993.
PubMed
Kumamoto K, Takei M, Kinoshita M, Ebara S and Matsuura T : Distribution of pacinian corpuscles in the cat forefoot. J Anat 182 : 23-28, 1993.
PubMed
Kupfermann I : Modulatory actions of neurotransmitters. Ann Rev Neurosci 2 : 447-465, 1979.
PubMed
Kurosumi K, Kurosumi U and Inoue K : Morphological and morphometric studies with the electron microscope on the Merkel cells and associated nerve terminals of normal and dener vated skin. Arch Histol Jap 42 : 243-261, 1979.
 
Kurosumi K, Kurosumi U and Suzuki H : Fine structures of Merkel cells and associated nerve fibers in the epidermis of certain mammalian species. Arch Histol Jap 30 : 295-313, 1969.
PubMed
Kurumado K and Mori W : A morphological study of the circadian cycle of the pineal gland of the rat. Cell Tissue Res 182 : 565-568, 1977.
PubMed
Kwiatkowski H : Histamine in nervous tissue. J Physiol 102 : 32-41, 1943.
PubMed
Lafarga M, Berciano MT and Blanco M : The perineuronal net in the fascigial nucleus of the rat cerebellum, a Golgi and quantitative study. Anat Embryol 170 : 79-85, 1984.
PubMed
Lambertini G : Die viszeralen and die Druckreiz-Rezeptoren der Gefasse im Lichte neuer Untersuchungen mittels Ruffinis Goldchloridmethode. Acta Anat 28 : 100-110, 1956.
 
Landis DMD and Reese TS : Differences in membrane structure between excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the cerebellar cortex. J Comp Neurol 155 : 93-126, 1974.
 
Landis DMD and Reese TS : Cytoplasmic organization in cerebellar dendritic spines. J Cell Biol 97 : 1169-1178, 1983.
 
Landis DMD, Reese TS and Raviola E : Differences in membrane structure between excitatory and inhibitory components of the reciprocal synapse in the olfactory bulb. J Comp Neurol 155 : 67-92, 1974.
 
Landmann LE and Halata Z : Merkel cells and nerve endings in the labial epidermis of a lizard. Cell Tissue Res 210 : 353-357, 1980.
 
Landon DN : Electron microscopy of muscle spindles. In : Control) and Innervation of Skeletal Muscle. Ed by BL Andrew. Thompson, Durdee, pp96-111, 1966.
 
Landon DN : The fine structure of developing muscle spindles in the rat. J Anat 111 : 512-513, 1972.
 
Landon DN : The fine structure of the equatorial regions of developing spindles in the rat. J Neurocytol 1 : 189-210, 1972.
 
Lands AM, Arnold A, McAuliff Jp ; Luduena FP and Brown TG jr : Differentiation of receptor systems activated by sympathomimetic amines. Nature 214 ; 597-598, 1967.
 
Langer SZ : Presynaptic regulation of the release of catecholamines. Pharmacol Rev 32 ; 337-362, 1980.
PubMed
Langerhans P : Ueber die Nerven der menschlichen Haut. Arch Pathol Anat 44 : 325-338, 1868.
 
Langerhans P : uber Tastkorperchen and rete Malpighii. Arch Mikr Anat 9 : 730-744, 1873.
 
Langley JN : Observations on the physiological action of extracts of the supra-renal bodies. J. Physiol 27 : 237-256, 1901.
PubMed
Langley JN : On the reaction of cells and nerve endings to certain poisons, chiefly as regards the reaction of striated muscle to nicotine and curare. J Physiol 33 : 374-413, 1905.
 
Langley JN : On nerve endings and on special excitable substances in cells. Proc Roy Soc London (Biol) 78 : 170-194. 1906.
 
Langley JN : On the contraction of muscle, chiefly in relation to the presence of "receptive" substances. J Physiol 36 : 347-384, 1907.
 
Langley JN and Anderson HK : The action of nicotin on the ciliary ganglion and on the endings of the third cranial nerve. J Physiol 13 : 460-468, 1892.
PubMed
Laporte Y : The motor innervation of the mammalian muscle spindle. In : Studies in Neuro physiology. Ed by R Porter. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp45-59, 1978.
 
Larramendi LMH, Fickenscher L and Lemkey-Johnston N : Synaptic vesicles of inhibitory and excitatory terminals in the cerebellum. Science 156 : 967-969, 1967.
 
Larramendi LMH and Victor T : Synapses on the Purkinje cell spines in the mouse. An electron microscopic study, Brain Res 5 : 15-30, 1967.
 
Larsell O : Anatomy of the Nervous System. Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. New York, Ed. 2. 1951.
 
Larsell O and Dow RS : Innervation of the human lung. Amer J Anat 52 : 414-438, 1933.
 
Lebert H : Physiologie pathologique ou recherches cliniques, experimentales et microscopiques sur l'inflammation, la tuberculisation, les tumeurs, la formation dur cal. Bailliere, Paris, 1845.
 
Le Beux YJ and Willemot J : An ultrastructural study of the microfilaments in rat brain by means of E-PTA staining and heavy meromyosin labeling. II. The synapses. Cell Tissue Res 160 : 37-68, 1975.
PubMed
Le Douarin NM : A biological cell labelling technique and its use in experimental embryology. Dev Biol 30 : 217-222, 1973.
 
Lee CY : Chemistry and pharmacology of polypeptide toxins in snake venoms. Anon Rev Pharmacol 12 : 265-286, 1972.
 
Lee C, Iversen L, Handley M and Sandberg B : The possible existence of multiple receptors for substance P. Arch Pharmacol 318 : 281-287, 1982.
 
Lefebure W : Les corpuscles de Wagner-Meissner on corpuscles du tact. Rev Gen Histol 3 : 569-736, 1910.
 
Leff SE, Rosenfeld MG and Evans RM : Complex transcriptional units : diversity in gene expression by alternative RNA processing. Annu Rev Biochem 55 : 1091-1117, 1986.
 
Leksell L : The action potential and excitatory effects of the small ventral root fibres to skeletal muscle. Acta Physicl Stand 10, Suppl 31 : 1-84, 1945.
 
Lembeck F : Zur Frage der zentralen Ubertragung afferenter Impulse. 111. Mitteilung. Das Vorkommen and die Bedeutung der Substanz P in den dorsalen Wurzeln des Ruckenmarks. Arch Exper Pathol Pharmakol 219 : 197-213, 1953.
 
Lemkey-Johnston N and Larramendi LMH : Morphological characteristics of mouse stellate and basket cells and their neuroglial envelope : an electron microscope study. J Comp Neurol 134 : 39-72, 1968.
 
Lemkey- Johnston N and Larramendi LMH : Types and distribution of synapses upon basket and stellate cells of the mouse cerebellum : an electron microscope study. J Comp Neurol 134 : 73-112, 1968.
 
Lenhossek Mv : Ursprung, Verlauf and Endigung der sensiblen Nervenfasern bei Lumbricus. Arch Mikr Anat 39 : 102-136, 1892.
 
Lenhossek My : Der feinere Bau and die Nervenendigungen der Geschmacksknospen. Anat Anz 8 : 121-127, 1892/93.
 
Lenhossek My : Der feinere Bau des Nervensystems im Lichte neuester Forschungen. Kornfeld, Berlin 1893.
 
Lenn NJ and Reese TS : The fine structure of nerve endings in the nucleus of the trapezoid body and the ventral cochlear nucleus. Amer J Anat 118 : 375-389, 1966.
PubMed
Lenne P : Parallel visual pathways : A review. Visual Res 20 : 561-594, 1980.
 
Lentz TL : Development of the neuromuscular junction. I, Cytological and cytochemical studies on the neuromuscular junction of differentiating muscle in the regenerating limb of the newt Tritarus. J Cell Biol 42 : 431-443, 1969.
PubMed
Lentz TL and Chester J : Synaptic vesicle recycling at the neuromuscular junction in the presence of a presynaptic marker. Neuroscience 7 : 9-20, 1982.
PubMed
Leonard RJ, Labarca CG, Charnet P, Davidson N and Lester HA : Evidence that the M2 membranespanning region lines the ion channel pore of the nicotinic receptor. Science 242 : 1578-1581, 1988.
PubMed
Leonhardt H : Uber axonahnliche Fortsatze, Sekretbildung and Extrusion der hellen Pinealozyten des Kaninchens. Z Zellforsch 82 : 307-320, 1967.
PubMed
Leonhardt H and Backhus-Roth A : Synapsenartige Kontakte zwischen intraventrikuliren Axon endigungen and freien uberflachen von Ependymzellen des Kaninchengehirns. Z Zellforsch 97 : 369-376, 1969.
 
Leontowitsch A : Die Innervation der menschlichen Haut. Intern Mschr Anat u Physiol 18 : 142-310, 1901.
 
Lerner AB, Case JD, Takahashi T, Lee TH and Mori W : Isolation of melatonin, the pineal gland factor that lightens melanocytes. J Amer Chem Soc 80 : 2587, 1958.
 
Lester HA : The response to acetylcholine. Sci Amer 236 (2) : 106-118, 1977.
PubMed
Leutje CW, Patrick J and Seguela P : Nicotinic receptors in mammalian brain. FASEB J 4 : 2753-2760, 1990.
 
LeVay S : On the neurons and synapses of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the monkey and the effects of eye enucleation. Z Zellforsch 113 : 396-419, 1971.
 
Lever JD, Graham JDP, Irvine G and Chick WJ : The vesiculated axons in relation to arterior smooth muscle in the pancreas. A fine structural and quantitative study. J Anat 99 : 299-313, 1965.
 
Levi G, Kandera J and Lajtha A : Control of cerebral metabolite levels. Arch Biochem Biophys 119 : 303-311, 1967.
PubMed
Levi S : Osservazioni sullo svilupo delle terminazioni nervose intra-epiteliali, corpuscoli del Meissner e corpuscoli del Pacini. Arch Ital Anat Embriol 32 : 149-170, 1933.
 
Levitt M, Spector 5, Sjoerdsma A and Udenfriend S : Elucidation of the rate-limiting step in norepinephrine biosynthesis in the perfused guineapig heart. J Pharmacol Exper Therap 148 : 1-8, 1965.
 
Leydig F : Ueber die Vater-Pacinischen Korperchen der Taube. Z Wiss Zool 5 : 75-86, 1854.
 
Leydig F : Ueber Tastkorperchen und Muskelstruktur. Arch Anat Physiol 150-159, 1856.
 
Leydig F : Lehrbuch der Histologie des Menschen and der Tiers. Meidinger & Sohn, Frankfurt, 1857.
 
Leydig F : Ueber den Ban insbesondere die Vaterschen Korper des Schnabels der Schnepfe. Arch Mikr Anat 4 : 195-205, 1868.
 
Li CH and Chung D : Isolation and structure of an untriakontapeptide with opiate activity from camel pituitary glands. Proc Null Acad Sci USA 73 : 1145-1148. 1976.
 
Li ZS and Furness JB : Nitric oxide synthase in the enteric nervous system of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Arch Histol Cytol 56 : 185-193, 1993.
PubMed
Li ZS, Furness JB, Young HM and Campbell G : Nitric oxide synthase immunoactivity and NADPH diaphorase enzyme activity in neurons of the gastrointestinal tract of the toad, Bubo marinus. Arch Histol Cytol 55 : 333-350, 1992.
 
Liang BT, and Molinoff PB : Beta adrenergic receptor subtypes in the atria : evidence for close coupling of beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors to adenylate cyclase. J Pharmacol Exper Therap 238 : 886-892, 1986.
 
Libet B : Cyclic nucleotides as synaptic mediators. Life Sci 24 : 1043-1058, 1979.
 
Lieberman AR : Neurons with presynaptic perikarya and presynaptic dendrites in the rat lateral geniculate nucleus. Brain Res 59 : 35-59, 1973.
PubMed
Lieberman AR : Comments on the fine structural organization of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the mouse. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 145 : 261-267, 1974.
 
Lieberman AR and Webster KE : Aspects of the synaptic organization of intrinsic neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. An ultrastructural study of the normal and of the experimental deafferented nucleus in the rat. J Neurocytol 3 : 677-710, 1974.
 
Lindblom U and Lund L : The discharge from vibration-sensitive receptors in the monkey foot. Exper Neurol 15 : 401-417, 1966.
 
Linden DJ and Connor JA : Participation of post synaptic PKC in cerebellar long-term depression in culture. Science 254 : 1656-1659, 1991.
 
Linden DJ, Dickinson MIL Smeyne M and Connor JA : A long-term depression of AMPA currents in cultured cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Neuron 7 : 81-89, 1991.
 
Linstedt AD and Kelly RB : Molecular architecture of the nerve terminal. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1 : 382-387, 1991.
PubMed
Ljungdahl A and Hokfelt T : Autoradiographic uptake patterns of (3H) GABA and (3H) glycine in central nervous tissues with special reference to the cat spinal cord. Brain Res 62 : 587-595, 1973.
 
Llinas R : Calcium in synaptic transmission. Sci Amer 247(4) : 56-65, 1982.
PubMed
Llinas R, Baker R and Sotelo C : Electrotonic coupling between neurons in cat inferior olive. J Neurophysiol 37 : 560-571, 1974.
 
Llinas R, Gruner JA, Sugimori M, McGuinnes TL and Greengard P : Regulation by synapsin I and Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II of the transmitter release in squid giant synapse. J Physiol 436 : 257-282, 1991.
 
Llinas R, Me Guinness TL, Leonard CS, Sugomore M and Greengard P : Intraterminal injection of synapsin I or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alters neurotransmitter release at the squid giant synapse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 : 3035-3039, 1985.
PubMed
Lloret ILP and Saavedra JP : Enlargement of synaptic vesicles in degenerating nerve endings : a comparison between cat and monkey. J Neurocytol 4 : 1-6, 1975.
 
Lloyd DPC : Conduction and synaptic transmission of reflex response to stretch in spinal cats. J Neurophysiol 6 : 317-326, 1943.
 
Loewenstein WR : Mechano-electric transduction in the Pacinian corpuscle. Initiation of sensory impulses in mechanoreceptors. In : Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Ed by WR Loewenstein. Vol 1, Principles of receptor physiology. Springer Verlag, New York, pp269-290, 1971.
 
Loewenstein WR : Junctional intercellular communication : The cell to cell membrane channel. Physiol Rev 61 : 829-913, 1981.
PubMed
Loewenstein WR : The cell-to-cell channel of gap junctions. Cell 48 : 725-726, 1987.
PubMed
Loewenstein WR and Skalak R : Mechanical transmission in a Pacinian corpuscle. J Physiol 182 : 346-378, 1966.
 
Loewi O : Uber humorale Ubertragbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung. I. Mitteilung. Pflugers Arch ges Physiol 189 : 239-242, 1921.
 
Loewi O : Uber humorale Ubertragbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung. XIV. Mitteilung. Quantitative and qualitative Untersuchungen uber den Sympathicusstoff. Pflugers Arch ges Physiol 237 : 504-514, 1936.
 
Loewi O and Navratil E : Uber humorale uber tragbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung. X. Mitteilung. Uber das Schicksal des Vagustoffes. Pflugers Arch ges Physiol 214 : 678-688, 1926.
 
Lord J, Waterfield A, Hughes J and Kosterlitz H : Endogenous opioid peptides : multiple agonists and receptors. Nature 267 : 495-499, 1977.
PubMed
Lorente de No R : The synaptic delay of motoneurons. Amer J Physiol 111 : 272-281, 1935.
 
Lorente de N6 R : Limits of variation of the synaptic delay of motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 1 : 187-194, 1938.
 
Lorente de No R : Transmission of impluses through cranial motor nuclei. J Neurophysiol 2 : 402-464, 1939.
 
Lowenstein C, Glatt CS, Bredt DS and Snyder SH Cloned and expressed macrophage nitric oxide, synthase contrasts with the brain enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 : 6711-6715, 1992.
PubMed
Lowenstein CJ and Snyder SH : Nitric oxide, a novel biologic messenger. Cell 70 : 705-707, 1992.
PubMed
Lowit M : Die Nerven der glatten Musculatur. Wien Akad Sitz-ber 71 : 355-376, 1875.
 
Lues G : Die Feinstruktur der Zirbeldruse normaler, trachtiger and experimentell beeinflupter Meer schweinchen. Z Zellforsch 114 : 38-60, 1971.
 
Luff SE and Me Lachlan EM : The form of sympathetic postganglionic axons at clustered neuromuscular junctions near branch points of arterioles in the submucosa of the guinea pig ileum. J Neurocytol 17 : 451-463, 1988.
 
Luff SE, Me Lachlan EM and Hirst GDS : An ultrastructural analysis of the sympathetic neuromuscular junctions of arterioles of the submucosa of the guinea pig ileum. J Comp Neurol 257 : 578-594, 1987.
 
Lugaro E : Sulla struttura del nucleo dentato del cervelleto nell'uomo. Monit Zool Ital 6 : 5-12, 1895.
 
Lund RD : Synaptic patterns of the superficial layers of the superior colliculus of the rat. J Comp Neurol 135 : 179-208, 1969.
 
Lund RD : Synaptic patterns of the superficial layers of the superior colliculus of the monkey, Macaca mulatta. Exper Brain Res 15 : 194-211, 1972.
 
Lund RD and Westrum LE : Synaptic vesicle differences after primary formalin fixation. J Physiol 185 : 7p-9p, 1966.
 
Lundberg JM, Fried G, Fahrenkrug J, Holmstedt B, Hokfelt T, Lagercrantz H, Lundgren G and Anggard A : Subcellular fractionation of cat submandibular gland : comparative studies on the distribution of acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Neuroscience 6 : 1001-1010, 1981.
PubMed
Lundberg JM, Hedlund B, Anggard A, Fahrenkrug J, Hokfelt T, Tatemoto K and Bartfai T : Costorage of peptides and classical transmitters in neurons. In : Systemic Role of Regulatory Peptides. Ed by SR Bloom, JM Polak and E Lindenlaub. Schattauer, Stuttgart, pp 93-119, 1982.
 
Lundberg JM and Hokfelt T : Coexistence of peptides and classical neurotransmitters. Trends Neurosci 6 : 325-333, 1983.
 
Lundberg JM, Hokfelt T, Schuttzberg M, Uvnas-Wallenstein K, Kohler C and Said SI : Occurrence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity in certain cholinergic neurons of the cat : evidence from combined immunokis tochemistry and acetylcholinesterase staining. Neuroscience 4 : 1539-1559, 1979.
 
Lundberg JM and Takemoto K : Pancreatic polypeptide family (APP, BPP, NPY and PYY) in relation to sympathetic vasoconstriction resistant to adrenoreceptor blockade. Acta Physiol Scand 116 : 393-402, 1982.
 
MacKinnon R : Determination of the subunit stoichiometry of a voltage-activated potassium channel. Nature 350 : 232-238, 1991.
PubMed
Mac Vicar BA and Dudek FE : Dye-coupling between CA3 pyramidal cells in slices of rat hippocampus. Brain Res 196 : 494-497, 1980.
PubMed
Maeda P, Halben P, Perrelet A, Renold AE and Orci L : Gap junction development is correlated with insulin content in the pancreatic B cell. Science 209 : 1026-1028, 1980.
 
Maeda P, Perrelet A and Orci L : Increase of gap junctions between pancreatic B-cell during stimulation of insulin secretion. J Cell Biol 82 : 441-448, 1979.
 
Maeda T, Iwanaga T, Fujita T, Takahashi Y and Kobayashi S : Distribution of nerve fibers immunorective to neurofilament protein in rat molars and periodontium. Cell Tissue Res 249 : 13-23, 1987.
 
Maier A, Gambke B and Pette D : Immunohistochemical demonstration of embryonic myosin in adult mammalian intrafusal fibers. Histochemistry 88 : 267-271, 1988.
PubMed
Maillet M : La technique de Champy a l'osmium iodure de potassium et la modification de Maillet a l'osmium-iodure de zinc. Trab Inst Cajal Invest Biol 54 : 1-36, 1962.
 
Majorossy K and Kiss A : A specific patterns of neuron arrangement and of synaptic articulation in the medial geniculate body. Exper Brain Res 26 : 1-17, 1976.
 
Majorossy K and Kiss A : Types of interneurons and their participation in the neuronal network of the medial geniculate body. Exper Brain Res 26 : 19-37, 1976.
 
Majorossy K, Rethelyi M and Szentagothai J : The large glomerular synapse of the pulvimar. J Hirnforsch 7 : 415-432, 1965.
PubMed
Makowski L, Caspar DLD, Phillips WC, Baken TS and Goodenough DA : Gap junction structures. VI Variation and conservation in connexon conformation and packing. Biophys J 45 : 208-218, 1984.
 
Makowski I, Caspar DLD, Phillips WC and Goodenough DA : Gap junction structures. II. Analysis of the x-ray diffraction data. J Cell Biol 74 : 629-645, 1977.
 
Malinovsky L : Die Nervenendkorperchen in der Haut von Vogeln and ihre Variabilitat. Z Mikr-Anat Forsch 77 : 297-303, 1967.
 
Malinovsky L and Pac L : In : Morphology of Sensory Corpuscles in Mammals. Ed by JE Purkjne University Brno, Medical Faculty, Brno, 1982.
 
Malinovsky L and Sommerova J : Die postnatale Entwicklung der Vater-Pacinischen Korperchen in der Fussballen der Hauskatze (Felis silveslris f. catus L). Acta Anat 81 : 183-201, 1972.
PubMed
Malinovsky L and Zemanek R : Sensory nerve endigungs in the joint capsules of the large limb joints in the domestic hen (Gallus domesticus) and the rook (Corvus frugilegus). Folia Morphol (Prague) 18 : 206-212, 1970.
 
Malinovsky L and Zemanek R : Sensory innervation of the skin and mucose of some parts of the head in the domestic fowl. Folia Morphol (Praque) 19 : 18-23, 1971.
 
Malinskg J : A introductory report on the development of synapses in human spinal cord. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis 6 : 25-43, 1972.
 
Manni E, Bortolami R and Desole C : Eye muscle proprioception in the semilunar ganglion. Exper Neurol 16 : 226-236, 1966.
 
Markus EJ, Petit TL and Le Boutillier JC : Synaptic structural changes during development and aging. Dev Brain Res 35 : 239-248, 1987.
 
Marrazzi AS and Lorente de No R : Interaction of neighbouring fibres in myelinated nerve. J Neurophysiol 7 : 83-100, 1944.
 
Martin AR and Miledi R : A presynaptic complex in the giant synapse of the squid. J Neurocytol 4 : 121-129, 1975.
 
Martin GR and Timpl R : Laminin and other basement membrane components. Ann Rev Cell Biol 3 : 57-85, 1987.
PubMed
Martin R, Barlow J and Miralto A : Application of the zinc iodide osmium tetroxide impregnation of synaptic vesicles in cephalopod nerves. Brain Res 15 : 1-16, 1969.
 
Marui K : On the finer structure of the synapse of the Mauthner cell with especial consideration of the 'Golgi-net' of Bethe, nervous terminal feet and the 'nervous pericellular terminal net' of Held. J Comp Neurol 30 : 127-167, 1918.
 
Marui K : The effect of over-activity on the morphological structure of the synapse. J Comp Neurol 30 : 253-282, 1919.
 
Marx R, Graf E and Weseman W : Histochemical and biochemical demonstration of sialic acid and sulphate in vesicles and membranes isolated from nerve endings of rat brain. J Cell Sci 13 : 237-255, 1973.
 
Mastropaolo J, Nadi NS, Ostrowski NL and Crawly JN : Galanin antagonizes acetylcholine on a memory task in basal forebrain-lesioned rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 9841-9845, 1988.
 
Masu Y, Nakayama K, Tamaki H, Harada Y. Kuno M and Nakanishi S : cDNA cloning of bovine substance-K receptor through oocyte expression system. Nature 329 : 836-838, 1987.
PubMed
Masu Y, Tanabe Y, Tsuchida K, Shigemoto R and Nakanishi S : Sequence and expression of a metabotropic glutamate receptor. Nature 349 : 760-765, 1991.
 
Mathewson RC and Nava PB : Effects of age on Meissner corpuscles : A study of silverimpregnated neurites in mouse digital pads. J Comp Neurol 231 : 250-259, 1985.
PubMed
Matsuo Y, Suzuki N, Matsumoto H, Tokito F, Matsumoto Y, Tsuda M and Fujino M : Regional distribution of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the rat central nervous system as determined by sandwich-enzyme immunoassay. Brain Res 602 : 57-63, 1993.
 
Matsuura T, Ibata Y and Sano Y : The zinc iodide osmium tetroxide (ZIO) reaction on nerve endings in the median eminence of the rat under normal and experimental conditions. Cell Tissue Res 173 : 279-286, 1976.
PubMed
Matsuyama T, Shiosaka S, Wanaka A, Yoneda S, Kimura K, Hayakawa T, Emson PC and Tohyama M : Fine structure of peptidergic and catecholaminergic nerve fibers in the anterior cerebral artery and their inter relationship : An immunoelectron microscopic study. J Comp Neurol 235 : 268-276, 1985.
 
Matteoli M, Haimann C, Torri TF, Polak JM, Ceccarelli B and DeCamilli P : Differential effect of alpha-latrotoxin on exocytosis from small synaptic vesicles and from large dense-core vesicles containing calcitonin gene related peptide at the frog neuromuscular junction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 7366-7370, 1988.
 
Matthews BHC : The response of a single end organ. J Physiol 71 : 64 110, 1931.
 
Matthews BHC : The response of a muscle spindle during active contraction of a muscle. J Physiol 72 : 153-174, 1931.
 
Matthews BHC : Nerve endings in mammalian muscle. J Physiol 78 : 1-53, 1933.
 
Matthews BHC : Mammalian Muscle Receptors and Their Central Action. Edward Arnold, London, 1972.
 
Matthews MR and Nash JRG : An efferent synapse from a small granule-containing cell to a principal neurone in the superior cervical ganglion. J Physiol 210 : 11p-13p, 1970.
 
Matthews MR and Raisman G : The ultrastructure and somatic efferent synapses of small granule containing cells in the superior cervical ganglion. J Anat 105 : 255-282, 1969.
PubMed
Matthews PBC : The differentiation of two types of fusimotor fibres by their effects on the dynamic response of muscle spindle primary endings. QJ Exper Physiol 47 : 324-333, 1962.
 
Matthews PBC : Muscle spindles and their motor control. Physiol Rev 44 : 219-288. 1964.
 
Matthews PBC : Recent advances in the understanding of the muscle spindle. In : British Post graduate Medical Federation, Scientific Basis of Medicine. Annual Reviews. Ed by I Gilliland and J Francis. Athlone Press : London, pp99-128, 1971.
 
Matthews PBC : Evolving views on the internal operation and functional role of the muscle spindle. J Physiol 320 : 1-30, 1981.
 
Matus A, Ackermann M, Pehling G, Byers HR and Fujiwara K : High actin concentrations in brain dendritic spines and postsynaptic densities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 : 7590-7594, 1982.
PubMed
Matus AI : Ultrastructure of the superior cervical ganglion fixed with zinc iodide and osmium tetroxide. Brain Res 17 : 195-203, 1970.
PubMed
Matus AI and Walters BB : Ultrastructure of the synaptic junctional lattice isolated from mammalian brain. J Neurocytol 4 : 369-375, 1975.
 
Matus AI, Walters BB and Jones DH : Junctional ultrastructure in isolated synaptic membranes. J Neurocytol 4 : 357-367, 1975.
 
Mayer ML and Westbrook GL : The physiology of excitatory amino acids in the vertebrate central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 28 : 197-276, 1987.
PubMed
Mays K : Histo-physiologische Untersuchungen uber die Verbreitung der Nerven in den Muskeln. Z Biol 20 : 449-530, 1884.
 
Mayser P : Vergleidchend anatomische Studien uber dus Gehirn der Knochenfische mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Cyprinoider. Z Wiss Zool 36 : 259-364, 1882.
 
Mazzoni V : Osservazioni microscopiche sopra : cosidetti corpuscoli terminali dei tendini dell'uomo e sopra alcune particolari piastre nervose superticiali the si trovano nei medesini tendini. Mem d R Accad d Scienze dell' Istituto di Bologma, ser 6e, t1, 1891.
 
McBride WJ, Aprison MH and Kusano K : Contents of several amino acids in the cerebellum, brain stem and cerebrum of the "staggerer", "weaver" and "nervous" neurologically mutant mice. J Neurochem 26 : 867-870, 1976.
PubMed
McCrea PD, Popot J-L and Engelman DM : Transmembrane topography of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit. EMBO J 6 : 3619-3626, 1987.
PubMed
Mc Donald DM and Mitchell RA : The innervation of glomus cells, ganglion cells and blood vessels in the rat carotid body : a quantitative ultrastructural analysis. J Neurocytol 4 : 177-230, 1975.
 
Mc Donald DM and Schmitt D : Ultrastructure of the human mucocutaneous end organ. J Invest Dermatol 72 : 181-186, 1979.
 
Mc Geer PL, Eccles JC and Mc Geer EG : Molecular Neurobiology of the Mammalian Brain. 2nd ed, Plenum Press, New York, 1987.
 
Mc Lachlan EM : The statistics of transmitter release at chemical synapses. Internat Rev Physiol 17 : 49-117, 1978.
 
Mc Laughlin BJ : The fine structure of neurons and synapses in the motor nuclei of the cat spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 144 : 429-460, 1972.
PubMed
Mc Laughlin BJ : Dorsal root projections to the motor nuclei in the cat spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 144 : 461-474, 1972.
 
Mc Laughlin BJ : Propriospinal and supraspinal projections to the motor nuclei in the cat spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 144 : 475-500, 1972.
 
Mc Laughlin BJ, Barber R, Saito K, Roberts E and Wu J-Y : Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate decarboxylase in rat spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 164 : 305-322, 1975.
 
Mc Laughlin BJ, Wood JG, Saito K, Barber R, Roberts E and Wu J-Y : Fine structural localizestion of glutamic acid decarboxylase in adult and developing cerebellum in rodents. Anat Rec 178 : 407-408, 1974.
 
Mc Laughlin BJ, Wood JG, Saito K, Barber R, Vaughn JE, Roberts E and Wu J-Y : The fine structural localization of glutamate decarboxylase in synaptic terminals of rodent cerebellum. Brain Res 76 : 377-391, 1974.
 
Mc Lennan H : Synaptic Transmission. WB Saunders Co. Philadelphia, pp3-15, 1963.
 
McMahan UJ : The agrin hypothesis. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 50 : 407-418, 1990.
 
Mc Nutt NS and Weinstein RS : The ultrastructure of the nexus. A correlated thin section and freeze cleave study. J Cell Biol 47 : 666-688, 1970.
PubMed
Mc Nutt NS and Weinstein RS : Membrane ultrastructure at mammalian intercellular junction. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 26 : 47-101, 1973.
 
Mearow KM and Diamond J : Merkel cells and the mechanosensitibity of normal and regenerating nerves in Xenopus skin. Neurosciences 26 : 695-708, 1988.
 
Meissner G : Beitrage zur Anatomic und Physiologic der Haul Leopold Voss, Leipzig 47 : 21, 1853.
 
Meissner G : Bemerkungen die Tastkorperchen betreffend. Z Wiss Zool 6 : 296-297, 1855.
 
Meissner G : Untersuchungen uber den Tastsinn. Z Ration Med 3. Reihe 7 : 92-119, 1859.
 
Meister B, Hokfelt T, Geffard M and Oertel W : Glutamic acid decarboxylase- and gammaaminobutyric acid-like immunoreactivities in corticotropin-releasing factor-containing parvocellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Neuroendocrinology 48 : 516-526, 1988.
PubMed
Meister B, Villar MJ, Ceccatelli S and Hokfelt T : Localization of chemical messengers in magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei an immunohistochemical study using experimental manipulations. Neuroscience 37 : 603-633, 1990.
PubMed
Merkel Fr : Tastzellen and Tastkorperchen bei denHaustieren and beim Menschen. Arch Mikr Anat 11 : 636-652, 1875.
 
Merkel F : Die Tastzellen der Ente. Arch Mikr Anat 15 : 415-427, 1878.
 
Merkel F : uber die Endigungen der sensiblen Nerven in der Haut der Wirbeltiere. Schmidt, Rostock, 1880.
 
Merrillees NCR : Some observations on the fine structure of a Golgi tendon organ of a rat. In : Symposium on Muscle Receptors. Ed by D Barker. Hong Kong Univ Press, Hong Kong, pp199-206, 1962.
 
Merrillees NCR, Burnstock BS and Holman ME : Correlation of fine structure and physiology of the innervation of smooth muscle in the guinea pig vas deferens. J Cell Biol 19 : 529-550, 1963.
 
Merrillees NCR, Sunderland S and Hayhow W : Neuromuscular spindles in the extraocular muscles in man. Anat Rec 108 : 23-30, 1950.
PubMed
Merzenich NM and Harrington T : The sense of flutter-vibration evoked by stimulation of the hairly skin of primates : Comparison of human sensory capacity with the responses of mechanoreceptive afferents innervating the hairy skin of monkey. Exper Brain Res 9 : 231-260, 1969.
 
Merzenich NM and Kaas JH : Principles of organization of sensory perceptual systems in mammals. Prog Psychobiol Physiol Psychol 9 : 2-42, 1980.
 
Meshul EK and Pappas GD : The relationship of pinocytosis and synaptic vesicles at the frog neuromuscular junction. Brain Res 290 : 1-18, 1984.
 
Mezler RM, Pappas GD and Bennett MVL : Mor phological demonstration of electrotonic coup-ling of neurons by way of presynaptic fibers. Brain Res 37 : 412-415, 1972.
 
Mezler RM, Pappas GD and Bennett MVL : Morphology of the electromotor system in the spinal cord of the electric eel, Electrophorus electricus. J Neurocytol 3 : 251-261, 1974.
 
Milburn A : The early development of muscle spindles in the rat. J Cell Sci 12 : 175-195, 1973.
 
Milburn A : Stages in the development of cat muscle spindles. J Embryol Exper Morphol 82 : 177-216, 1984.
 
Miledi R, Mclinoff P and Potter LT : Isolation of the cholinergic receptor protein of Torpedo electric tissue. Nature 229 : 554-557, 1971.
 
Miledi R and Slater CR : On the degeneration of rat neuromuscular junctions after nerve section. J Physiol 207 : 507-528, 1970.
 
Miletic V and Tan H : lontophoretic application of calcitonin gene-related peptide produces a slow and prolonged excitation of neurons in the cat lumbar dorsal horn. Brain Res 446 : 169-172, 1988.
 
Milhaud M and Pappas GD : The fine structure of neurons and synapses of the habenula of the cat with special reference to subjunctional bodies. Brain Res 3 : 158-173, 1966.
PubMed
Milhaud M and Pappas GD : Post-synaptic bodies in the habenula and interpeduncular nuclei of the cat. J Cell Biol 30 : 437-441, 1966.
 
Milhaud M and Pappas GD : The fine structure of neurons and synapses of the habenula of the cat with special reference to sub-junctional bodies. Brain Res 3 : 158-173, 1969.
 
Milin R, Kristie R and Devei`erski V : Sur le comportement de la glande pineale dans des conditions de stress. Acta anat 71 : 352-402, 1968.
 
Miller C : Howion channel proteins work. In : Neuromodulation : The Biological Control of Neural Excitability. Ed by LK Kaczmarek and IB Levitan. Oxford University Press. New York, 1987.
 
Miller C : Genetic manipulation of ion channels : A new approach to structure and mechanism. Neuron 2 : 1195-1205, 1989.
PubMed
Miller J, Agnew WS and Levinson SR : Principle glycopeptide of the tetrodotoxin/saxitoxin binding protein from Electrophorus electricus : Isolation and partial chemical and physical characterization. Biochemistry 22 : 462-470, 1983.
 
Miller MR, Ralston III HJ and Kasahara M : The pattern of cutaneous innervation of the human hand. Amer J Anat 102 : 183-217, 1958.
 
Miller MR, Ralston III HJ and Kasahara M : The pattern of cutaneous innervation of the human hand, foot, and breast. In : Advances in Biology of Skin, Vol I : Cutaneous Innervation. Ed by W Montagna. Pergamon Press, New York, pp1-47, 1960.
 
Miller RJ : Calcium signalling in neurons. Trends Neurosci 11 : 415-419, 1988.
PubMed
Miller TM and Heuser JE : Endocytosis of synaptic vesicle membrane at the frog neuromuscular junctions. J Cell Biol 98 : 685-689, 1984.
PubMed
Miyata A, Arimura A, Dahl RR, Minamino N, Uehara A, Jiang L, Culler MD and Coy DH : Isolation of a novel 38 residue-hypothalamic polypeptide which stimulates adenylate cyclase in pituitary cells. Biochem Biophys Res Common 164 : 567-574, 1989.
 
Miyata A, Jiang L, Dahl RD, Kitada C, Kubo K, Fujino M, Minamino N and Arimura A : Isolation of a new peptide corresponding to the N terminal 27 residues of the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide with 38 residues (PACAP 38). Biochem Biophys Res Common 170 : 643-648, 1990.
 
Miyawaki M : Studies on the cytoplasmic globules in the nerve cells of the crab, Gaetice depresses and Potamon de haani. II. Observations by conventional, phase-contrast and electron-microscopes. Kumamoto J Sci 5 : 29-40, 1960.
 
Mizuno N and Nakamura Y : An electron microscope study of terminal degeneration of the fasciculus retroflexus Meynerti within the inter peduncular nucleus of the rabbit. Brain Res 65 : 165-169, 1974.
 
Model PG, Highstein SM and Bennett MVL : Depletion of vesicles and fatigue of transmission at a vertebrate central synapse. Brain Res 98 : 209-228, 1975.
 
Moll R, Moll I and Franke WW : Identification of Merkel cells in human skin by specific cytokeratin antibodies : Changes of cell density and distribution in fetal and adult plantar epidermis. Differentiation 28 : 136-154, 1984.
PubMed
Moll R, Moll I and Franke WW : Formation of epidermal and dermal Merkel cells during human fetal skin development. J Invest Dermatol 87 : 779-787, 1986.
PubMed
Moncada S and Higgs ES : Nitric Oxide from L-Arginine : A Bioregulatory System. Excerpta Medics, Elsevier. Amsterdam, 1990.
 
Moncada S, Palmer RMJ and Higgs EA : Nitric oxide : Physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 43 : 109-142, 1991.
 
Montagna W : Structure and Function of Skin. Academic Press, New York, 3rd edit, 1974.
 
Montagna W : Morphology of cutaneous sensory receptors. J Invest Dermatol 69 : 4-7, 1977.
PubMed
Moore SJ and Munger BL : The early ontogeny of the afferent nerves and papillary ridges in human digital glabrous skin. Dev Brain Res 48 : 119-141, 1989.
PubMed
Mori S : Some observations on the fine structure of the corpus striatum of the rat brain. Z Zellforsch 70 : 461-488, 1966.
 
Moriyoshi K, Masu M, Ishii T, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N and Nakanishi S : Molecular cloning and characterization of the rat NMDA receptor. Nature 354 : 31-37, 1991.
PubMed
Morrell JI and pfaff DW : A neuroendocrine approach to brain function : Lacalization of sex steroid concentrating cells in vectebrate brains. Amer J Zool 18 : 447-460, 1978.
 
Morris JF and Nordmann JJ : Membrane recapture after hormone release from nerve endings in the neural lobe of the rat pituitary gland. Neuroscience 5 : 639-649, 1980.
PubMed
Mott FW and Sherrington CS : Experiments upon the influence of sensory nerves upon movement and nutrition of the limbs. Preliminary communication. Proc Roy See (Lend) Set B 57 : 481-488, 1895.
 
Mrsevic D, Stefanovic and Djordjevic V : Beitrag zum Studium des Vorkommens and der Entwicklung von Vater- Pacinischen Lamellenkorperchen in der Analgegend des Menschen im Laufe der Intrauterinentwicklung. Acta Anat 72 : 75-82, 1969.
 
Mugnaini E : The histology and cytology of the cerebellar cortex. In : Comparative Anatomy and Histology of the Cerebellum : The Human Cere helium. Cerebellar Connections and Cerebellar Cortex. Ed by O Larsell and J Jansen. Univ of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp201-262, 1972.
 
Mugnaini E and Walberg F : An experimental electron microscopic study on the mode of termination of cerebellar corticovestibular fibres in the cat lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters nucleus). Exper Brain Res 4 : 212-236, 1967.
 
Mugnaini E, Walberg F and Brodal A : Mode of termination of primary vestibular fibres in the lateral vestibular nucleus. An experimental electron microscopical study in the cat. Exper Brain Res 4 : 187-211, 1967.
 
Mugnaini E, Walberg F and Hauglie-Hanssen E : Observations on the fine structure of the lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters' Nucleus) in the cat. Exper Brain Res 4 : 146-186, 1967.
 
Muller F and O'Rahilly R : The development of the human brain and the closure of the rostral neuropore at stage 11. Anat Embryol 175 : 205-222, 1986.
 
Muller F and O'Rahilly R : Somatic vertebral correlation and vertebral levels in the human embryo. Amer J Anat 177 : 3-19, 1986.
 
Muller F and O'Rahilly R : The development of the human brain from a closed neural tube at stage 13. Anat Embryol 177 : 203-224, 1988.
 
Mullins LJ : The macromolecular properties of excitable membranes. Ann NY Acad Sci 94 : 390-404, 1961.
PubMed
Munger BL : The intraepidermal innervation of thesnout skin of the opossum. A light and electron microscopic study with observations on the nature of Merkel's "Tastzeller". J Cell Biol 26 : 79-97, 1965.
 
Munger BL : Discussion of fine structure of the receptor organs and its probable functional significance. In : Touch, Heat, and Pain. Ed by AVS De Reuck and J Knight. Ciba Foundation Symposium, Little, Brown and Co, Boston, pp129-130, 1966.
 
Munger BL : The ultrastructure of Herbst and Grandry corpuscles. Anat Rec 154 : 391-392 (Abstr), 1966.
 
Munger BL : Patterns of organization of peripheral sensory receptors. In : Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Ed by WR Loewenstein. I. Principles of Receptor Physiology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp523-556, 1971.
 
Munger BL : Cytology and ultrastructure of sensory receptors in the adult and newborn primate tongue. In : Development of Fetus and Infant. 73-546 DHEW Publ (NIH), Bethesda, pp75-95, 1973.
 
Munger BL : Cytology of mechanoreceptors in oral mucosa and facial skin of the rhesus monkey. In : The Nervous System. Ed by RO Brady. Vol 1. The Basic Neurosciences, Raven Press, New York, pp71-79, 1975.
 
Munger BL : Specificity in the development of sensory receptors in primate oral mucosa. In : Deve lopment of Upper Respiratory Anatomy and Function : Implication for Sudden and Unexpected Infant Death. 75-94 DHEW Publ (NIH), Bethesda, pp96-120, 1975.
 
Munger BL : Neural-epithelial interactions in sensory receptors. J Invest Dermatol 69 : 27-40, 1977.
PubMed
Munger BL : Multiple afferent innervation of primate facial hairs. Brain Res Rev 4 : 1-43, 1982.
 
Munger BL and Halata Z : The sensory innervation of the primate facial skin. I. Hairy skin. Brain Res Rev 5 : 45-80, 1983.
 
Munger BL and Halata Z : The sensory neural apparatus of the human eyelid. Amer J Anat 170 : 181-204, 1984.
PubMed
Munger BL and Ide C : The enigma of sensitibity in Pacinian corpuscles : A critical review and hypothesis of mechano-electric transduction. Neurosci Res 5 : 1-15, 1987.
 
Munger BL and Ide C : The structure and function of cutaneous sensory receptors. Arch Histol Cytol 51 : 1-34, 1988.
PubMed
Munger BL and Schneider RJ : Dissociated sensibility in human hairs following peripheral nerve injury. Henry Head confirmed (Abstract). Pain Meeting, 1986.
 
Munger BL, Yoshida Y, Hayashi S, Osawa T and Ide C : A re-evaluation of cat Pacinian corpus cles. I. The inner core and clefts. Cell Tissue Res 253 : 83-93, 1988.
 
Murad F, Mittal CK, Arnold WP, Katsuki S and Kimura H : Guanylate cyclase activation by aside, nitro compounds, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical and inhibition by hemoglobin and myoglobin. Adv Cyclic Nucleotide Res 9 : 145-158, 1978.
 
Murakami M : Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen uber die neurosekretorischen Zellen in Hypothalamus von Gecko japonicus. Arch Histol Jap 21 : 323-337, 1961.
 
Murakami M : Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen uber die neurosekretorischen Zellen im Hypothalamus der Maus. Z Zellforsch 56 : 277-299, 1962.
 
Murray MR : Factors bearing on myelin formation in vitro. In : Biology of Myelin. Ed by SR Korey. Hoeber, New York, pp201-221, 1959.
 
Murray MR : Nervous tissue in vitro. In : Cells and Tissues in Culture. Ed by ED Wilmer. Academic Press, New York, pp373-455, 1965.
 
Mustakallio KK and Kiistala U : Electron microscopy of Merkel's "Tastzellen", a potential monoamine storing cell of human epidermis. Acta Derm-Venerol 47 : 323-326, 1967.
 
Nachmansohn D : Chemical and Molecular Basis of Nerve Activity. Academic Press, New York, 1975.
 
Nafstad PHJ : Comparative ultrastructural study on Merkel cells and dermal besal cells in poultry (Gallus domestieus). Z Zellforsch 116 : 342-348, 1971.
 
Nafstad PHJ : On the avian Merkel cells. J Anat 145 : 25-33, 1986.
 
Nagai T : Encapsulated sensory corpuscle in the mucosa of human vocal cord : An electron microscope study. Arch Histol Jap 45 : 145-153, 1982.
PubMed
Nagasawa J, Douglas WW and Schultz RA : Ultrastructure evidence of secretion by exocytosis and of 'synaptic vesicle' formation in posterior pituitary glands. Nature 227 : 407-409, 1970.
 
Nagasawa J, Douglas WW and Schulz RA : Micropinocytic origin of coated and smooth microvesicles ('synaptic vesicles') in neurosecretory terminals of posterior pituitary glands demonstrated by incorporation of horseradish peroxidase. Nature 232 : 341-342, 1971.
 
Nagatsu T, Levitt M and Udenfriend S : The initial step in norepinephrine biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 239 : 2910-2917, 1964.
PubMed
Nakajima Y : Fine structure of the synaptic endings on the Mauthner cell of the goldfish. J Comp Neurol 156 : 375-402, 1974.
 
Nakajima Y and Kohno K : Fine structure of the Mauthner cell : Synaptic topography and comparative study. In : Neurobiology of the Mauthner Cell. Ed by D Faber and H Korn. Raven Press, New York, pp133-166, 1978.
 
Nakane PK and Kawaoi A : Peroxidase-labeled antibody. A new method of conjugation. J Histochem Cytochem 22 : 1084-1091, 1974.
PubMed
Nakane PK and Pierce GB jr : Enzyme-labeled antibodies : preparation and application for localization of antigens. J Histochem Cytochem 14 : 929-931, 1966.
PubMed
Nakanishi S : Substance P precursor and kininogen : their structures, gene organizations, and regulation. Physiol Rev 67 : 1117-1142, 1987.
PubMed
Nakanishi S : Mammalian tachykinin receptors. Anna Rev Neurosci 14 : 123-136, 1991.
 
Namba T, Nakamura T and Grob D : Motor nerve endings in human extraocular muscle. Neurology (Minneapolis) 18 : 403-407, 1968.
 
Namba T, Nakamura T and Grob D : Motor nerve endings in human extraocular muscle. Neurology (Minneapolis) 18 : 425-434, 1968.
 
Napolitano LM, Willman VL, Hanlon CR and Cooper T : Intrinsic innervation of the heart. Amer J Physiol 208 : 455-458, 1965.
PubMed
Narumiya S, Ogorochi T, Nakao K and Hayaishi O : Prostaglandin D, in rat brain, spinal cord and pituitary : basal level and regional distribution. Life Sci 31 : 2093-2103, 1982.
PubMed
Nathaniel EJH and Nathaniel DR : The ultrastructural features of the synapses in the posterior horn of the spinal cord in the rat. J Ultrastruct Res 14 : 540-555, 1966.
 
Nathanson JA : Cyclic nucleotides and nervous system function. Physiol Rev 57 : 157-256, 1977.
PubMed
Nathanson JA and Greengard P : Second messes gets in the brain. Sci Amer 37 : 108-119, 1977.
 
Nawa H, Hirose T, Takashima H, Inayama S and Nakanishi S : Nucleotide sequences of cloned cDNAs for two types of bovine brain substance P precursor. Nature 306 : 32-36, 1983.
PubMed
Nawa H, Kotani H and Nakanishi S : Tissue specific generation of two preprotachykinin mRNAs from one gene by alternative RNA splicing. Nature 312 : 729-734, 1984.
PubMed
Neher E : Ion channels for communication between and within cells. Neuron 8 : 605-612, 1992.
PubMed
Neher E and Sakmann B : Single-channel currents recorded from membrane of denervated frog muscle fibres. Nature 260 : 799-802, 1976.
PubMed
Nelson E and Kennels M : Neuromuscular contacts in intracranial arteries of the cat. Science 167 : 301-302. 1970.
 
Ness KH, Morton TH and Dale BA : Identification of Merkel cells in oral epithelium using antikeratin and antineuro-endocrine monoclonal antibodies. J Dental Res 66 : 1154-1158, 1987.
 
Nestler F, J and Dunian RS : G proteins and cyclic nucleotides in the nervous system. In : Basic Neurochemistry. Ed by GJ Siegel, BW Agranoff, R Wayne Albers and PB Molinoff. Raven Press, New York, pp 429-448, 1993.
 
Nicholas A, Cuello A, Goldstein M and Hokfelt T : Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in medulla oblongata catecholamine/substance P neurons. Neuro Report 1 : 235 238, 1990.
 
Nicholson BJ, Takemoto LJ, Hunkapiller MW, Hood LE and Revel JP : Differences between liver gap junction protein and lens MIP 26 from rat : Implications for tissue specificity of gap junctions. Cell 32 : 967-978, 1983.
PubMed
Nicholson C : Brain cell microenviroment as a commutication channel. In : The Neurosciences Fouth Study Program. Ed by FO Schmitt and FG Worden. The MIT Press, Cambridge, pp457-476, 1979.
 
Nickel E and Potter LT : Ultrastructure of isolated membranes of Torpedo electric tissue. Brain Res 57 : 508-517, 1973.
PubMed
Nickel E, Vogel A and Waser PG : Coated vesicles in der Umgebung der neuromuskularen Synapsen. Z Zellforsch 78 : 261-266, 1967.
PubMed
Nickel E and Waser PG : An electron microscopic study of degenerated motor endplates after zinc iodide osmium impregnation. Brain Res 13 : 168-176, 1969.
 
Niebauer G, Krawczyk WS, Kidd RL and Wilgram GF : Osmium zinc iodide reactive sites in the epidermal Langerhans cell. J Cell Biol 43 : 80-89, 1969.
PubMed
Nietro-Sampetro M, Hoff SF and Cotman CW : Perforated postsynaptic densities : probably intermediates in the synapse turnover. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 : 7518-7522, 1982.
 
Nikolics K, Mason AJ, Szdny F, Ramachandron J and Seeburg PH : A prolactin-inhibiting factor within the precursor for human gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Nature 346 : 511-517, 1985.
 
Nishi K, Oura C and Pallie W : Fine structure of Pacinian corpuscles in the mesentery of the cat. J Cell Biol 43 : 539-553, 1969.
 
Nishiitsutsuji-Uwo J : Fine structure of the neurosecretory system in Lepidoptera. Nature 183 : 953-954, 1960.
 
Nishiitsutsuji-Uwo J : Electron microscopic studies on the neurosecretory system in Lepidoptera. Z Zellforsch 54 : 613-630, 1961.
 
Noda M, Shimizu S, Tanabe T, Takai T, Kayano T, Ikeda T, Takahashi H, Nakayama H, Kanaoka Y, Minamino N, Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Raftery MA, Hirose T, Inagawa S, llayashida H, Miyata T and Numa S : Primary structure of Electrophorus electricus sodium channel deduced from cDNA sequence. Nature 312 : 121-127, 1984.
 
Noda M, Takahashi H, Tanabe T, Toyosato M, Furutani Y, Hirose T, Asai M, Inayama S, Miyata T and Numa S : Primary structure of a-subunit precursor of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor deduced from a cDNA sequence. Nature 299 : 793-797, 1982.
PubMed
Noda M, Takahashi H, Tanabe T, Toyosato M, Kikyotani S, Furutani Y, Hirose T, Takashima H, Inayama S, Miyata T and Numa S : Structural homology of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor subunits. Nature 302 : 528-532, 1983.
PubMed
Noda M, Takahashi H, Tanabe T, Toyosato M, Kikyotani S, Hirose T, Asai M, Takashima H, Inayama S, Miyata T and Numa S : Primary structure of β- and δ-subunit precursor of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor deduced from cDNA sequences. Nature 301 : 251-255, 1983.
 
Nonidez JF : The present status of the neurone theory. Biol Rev 19 : 30-40, 1944.
 
Nordmann JJ, Dreifuss JJ and LeGros JJ : A correlation of release of polypeptide and immunoreactive neurophysin from isolated rat neurohypophysis. Experientia 27 : 1344-1345, 1971.
PubMed
Norita M : Neurons and synaptic patterns in the deep layers of the superior colliculus of the cat. A Golgi and electron microscopic study. J Comp Neurol 190 : 29-49, 1980.
 
Norita M and Sugiyama M : Presynaptic dendrites and serial synapses in the intermedate and deep layers of the cat superior colliculus. Neurosci Lett 11 : 161-164, 1979.
 
Novotny Y : Relation between receptor kind and efferent fibre diameter in the knee joint capsule of the cat. Acta Anat 86 : 436-450, 1973.
 
Nowik N : Zur Frage von den Ban der Tastzellen in den Grandryschen Korperchen. Anat Anz 36 : 217-225, 1910.
 
Numa S, Noda M, Takahashi H, Tanabe T, Toyosato M, Furutani Y and Kikyotani S : Molecular structure of the nicotinic acetvlcholine receptor. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 48 : 57-69, 1983.
 
Nurse CA and Diamond J : A fluorescent microscopic study of the development of rat touch domes and their Merkel cells. Neuroscience 11 : 509-520, 1984.
 
Nurse CA, Mac Intyre L and Diamond J : Reinnervation of the rat touch dome restores the Merkel cell population reduced after denervation. Neuroscience 13 : 563-571, 1984.
 
Ochi J : A study of potassium permanganate fixation for electron microscopic detection of small granular vesicles in the sympathetic nervous system. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2 : 13-18, 1969.
 
Ochi J, Konishi T and Yoshikawa H : Morphologies scher Nachweis der sympathischen Innervation des braunen Fettgewebes bei der Ratte. Z Anat Entw-gesch 129 : 259-267, 1969.
 
Ochi J, Konishi T, Yoshikawa H and Sano Y : Fluorescence and electron microscopic evidence for the dual innervation of the iris sphincter muscle of the rabbit. Z Zellforsch 91 : 90-95, 1968.
 
Ochi J and Sano Y : Morphological attempts to solve some unsettled problems on the human eccrine sweat glands. In : Advances in Climatic Physiology. Ed by S Ito, K Ogata and H Yoshimura. Igaku Shoin Ltd, Tokyo, pp 79-92, 1972.
 
Ochiai T and Suzuki H : Fine structure and morphometric studies of the Merkel cell during fetal and postnatal development. J Invest Dermatol 77 : 437-443, 1981.
PubMed
O'Dell TJ, Hawkins RD, Kandel ER and Arancio O : Tests of the roles of two diffusible substances in long-term potentiation : evidence for nitric oxide as a possible early retrograde messenger. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 88 : 11285-11289, 1991.
 
O'Dell TJ, Kandel ER and Grant SGN : Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus is brocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Nature 353 : 558-560, 1991.
 
O'Donohue TL, Millington WR, Handelmann GE, Contreras PC and Chronwall BM : On the 50th anniversary of Dale's law : multiple neurotransmitter neurons. Trends Pharmacol Sci August 1985, 305-308.
 
O'Dowd BF, Lefkowitz RJ and Caron MG : Structure of the adrenergic and related receptors. Annu Rev Neurosci 12 : 67-83, 1989.
PubMed
Oertel WH, Schmechel DE, Mugnaini E, Tappaz ML and Kopin IJ : Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate decarboxylase in rat cerebellum with a new antiserum. Neuroscience 6 : 2715-2735, 1981.
PubMed
Ogata T and Mori M : Histochemical identification of three types of intrafusal fibers of muscle spindles. a study on oxidative enzymes. Acta Med Okayama 16 : 347-350, 1962.
 
Ogata T and Mori M : Histochemical study of oxidative enzymes in vertebrate muscles. J Histochem Cytochem 12 : 171-182, 1964.
PubMed
Ogorochi T, Narumiya S, Mizuno N, Yamashita K, Miyazaki H and Hayaishi O : Regional distribution of prostaglandin D2, E2, and F2a and related enzymes in post mortem human brain. J Neurochem 43 : 71-82, 1984.
 
O'Leary JL, Smith JIM, Inukai J and Mejia HH : Architectonics of the cerebellar nuclei in the rabbit. J Comp Neurol 144 : 399-428, 1972.
 
Oliver G and Schafer EA : On the physiological action of extract of the suprarenal capsules. J Physiol, 16, Proc Physiol Soc i-v, 1894.
 
Oliver G and Schafer EA : The physiological effects of extracts of the suprarenal capsules. J Physiol 18 : 230-279, 1895.
PubMed
Olschowka JA, Molliver ME, Grzanna R, Rice FL and Coyle JT : Ultrastructural demonstration of noradreneigic synapses in the rat central nervous system by dopamine-β-hydroxylase immunochemistry. J Histochem Cytochem 29 : 271-280, 1981.
 
Oppenheimer DR, Palmer E and Weddell G : Nerve endings in the conjunctiva. J Anat 92 : 321-352, 1958.
PubMed
Orci L, Amherdt M, Malaise-Lagae F, Rouiller C and Renold AE : Insulin release by emiocytosis : demonstration with freeze-etching technique. Science 179 : 82-84, 1973.
 
Orci L, Perrelet A and Friend DS : Freeze fraction of membrane fusion during exocytosis in pancreatic B-cells. J Cell Biol 75 : 23-31, 1977.
 
Ortmann R : Uber experimentelle Veranderungen der Morphologic des Hypophysen-Zwischen-hirnsystems and die Beziehung der sog. "Gomorisubstanz" zum Adiuretin. Z Zelltorsch 36 : 92-140, 1951.
 
Oschman JL, Hall TA, Peters PD and Wall BJ : Association of calcium with membranes of squid giant axon. Ultrastructure and microprobe analysis. J Cell Biol 61 : 156-165, 1974.
PubMed
Osswald W and Guimaraes S : Adrenergic mechanisms in blood vessels : Morphological and pharmacological aspects. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 96 : 55-122, 1983. te
 
大塚正徳 : Dale's principleについて. いわゆる1ニューロン1伝達物質説をめぐって. 日薬理誌 91 : 335-340, 1988.
 
Otsuka M, Iversen LL, Hall ZW and Kravitz EA : Release of gamma-aminobutylic acid from inhibitory nerves of lobster. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 56 : 1110-1115, 1966.
 
Otsuka M, Konishi S and Takahashi T : The presence of a motoneuron depolarizing peptide in bovine dorsal roots of spinal nerves. Proc Jap Acad 48 : 342-346, 1972.
 
Otsuka M, Konishi S and Takahashi T : A further study of the motoneuron depolarizing peptide extracted from dorsal roots of bovine spinal nerves. Proc Jap Acad 48 : 745-752, 1972.
 
Otsuka N : Histologisch-entwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen an Mauthnerschen Zellen von Fischen. Z Zellforsch 58 : 33-50, 1962.
 
Ovalle WK and Smith RS : Histochemical identification of three types of intrafusal muscle fibres in the cat and monkey based on the myosin ATP ase reaction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 50 : 195-202, 1972.
 
Overton E : Beitrage zur allgemeinen Muskel- und Nervenphysiologie. II uber die Unentbehrlichkeit von Natrium- (oder Lithium-) lonen fur den Kontraktionsakt des Muskels. Pflugers Arch 92 : 346-386, 1902.
 
Owsjannikow P : Uber die feinere Struktur der Lobi olfactorii der Saugetiere. Arch Anat Physiol Wiss Med 469-477, 1860.
 
Owsjannikow P : Bull Acad St Petersbourg 7 : 58, 1864. (Koelliker 1897, S755から引用)
 
Ozcelik T, Lafreniere RG, Archer BT III, Johnston PA, Willard HF, Francke U and Sudhof TC : Synaptophysin : Structure of the human gene and assignment to the X chromosome in man and mouse. Amer J Hum Genet 47 : 551-561, 1990.
 
Ozeki M and Sato M : Initiation of impulses at the non-myelinated terminal in Pacinian corpuscles. J Physiol 170 : 167-185, 1964.
PubMed
Ozeki M and Sato M : Changes in the membrane potential and the membrane conductance associated with a sustained compression of the non-myelinated nerve terminal in Pacinian corpuscles. J Physiol 180 : 186-208, 1965.
PubMed
Pac L : Contribution to ontogenesis of Merkel cells. Z Mikr-Anat Forsch 98 : 36-48, 1983.
 
Pacini F : Supra un particolare genere di piccoli Corpi globulosi scoperti nel corpo umano da Filippo Pacini Aluno interno degli Spedali riunti di Pistoja. 1835 (Accademia Medicofisica di Firenze宛の手紙 : Castaldi Lの文献から).
 
Pacini F : Nuovi organi scoperti nel corpo umano. Tipgrafia Cino, Pistoja, 1840.
 
Padykula HA and Gauthier GF : The ultrastructure of neuromuscular junctions of mammalian red, white and intermediate skeletal muscle fibers. J Cell Biol 46 : 27-41, 1970.
PubMed
Palacios JM, Savasta M and Mengod G : Does cholecystokinin colocalize with dopamine in the human substantia nigra? Brain Res 488 : 369-375, 1989.
PubMed
Palacios-Prit EL, Mendoza RU and Palacios L : In vitro and in situ formation of neuronal-glia junctions. Exper Neurol 182 : 541-569, 1983.
 
Palade GE and Palay SL : Electron microscope observations of interneuronal and neuromuscular synapses. Anat Rec 118 : 335-336, 1954.
 
Palay SL : Electron microscope study of the cytoplasm of neurons. Anat Rec 118 : 336, 1954.
 
Palay SL : An electron microscope study of the neurohypophysis in normal, hydrated and dehydrated rat. Anat Rec 121 : 348, 1955.
 
Palay SL : Synapses in the central nervous system. J Biophys Biochem Cytol Z Suppl 193-202, 1956.
 
Palay SL : The fine structure of the neurohypophysis. In : Prog Neurobiol 2 : 31-49, 1957.
PubMed
Palay SL : The morphology of synapses in the central nervous system. Exper Cell Res (Suppl) 5 : 275-293, 1958.
 
Palay SL : The fine structure of secretory neurons in the preoptic nucleus of the goldfish (Carassiuc auratus). Anat Rec 138 : 417-443, 1960.
PubMed
Palay SL : Alveolate vesicles in Purkinje cells of rat's cerebellum. J Cell Biol 19 : 89A-90A, 1963.
 
Palay SL : The structural basis for neural action. In : Brain Function. Vol 2. RNA and Brain Function : Memory and Learning. Ed by MAB Brazier. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 69-108, 1964.
 
Palay SL and Chan-Palay V : High voltage electron microscopy of the central nervous system in Golgi preparations. J Microscopy 97 : 41-47, 1973.
PubMed
Palay SL and Chan-Palay V : Cerebellar Cortex, Cytology and Organization. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1974.
 
Palay SL, Sotelo C, Peters A and Orkand PM : The axon hillock and the initial segment. J Cell Biol 38 : 193-201, 1968.
PubMed
Palay SL and Wissing SL : Secretory granules and Nissl substance in fresh supraoptic neurones of the rabbit. Anat Rec 116 : 301-313, 1953.
 
Palmer RMJ, Ashton DS and Moncada S : Vascular endothelial cells synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nature 333 : 664-666. 1988.
 
Pannese E, Luciano L, lurato S and Reale E : Inter-cellular junctions and other membrane specializations in developing spinal ganglia. A freezefracture study. J Ultrastruct Res 60 : 169-180, 1977.
 
Pansini S : Des terminaisions des serfs sur les tendons des vertebres. Arch Ital Biol 11 : 225-228, 1889.
 
Papadopoulos GC, Parnavelas JG and Buijs R : Monoaminergic fibers from conventional synapses in cerebral cortex. Neurosci Lett 76 : 275-279, 1987.
PubMed
Pappas GD : Electron microscopy of neuronal junctions involved in transmission in the central nervous system. In : Nerve as a Tissue. Ed by K Rodahl and B Issekutz jr. Hoeber, New York, pp49-87, 1966.
 
Pappas GD and Bennett MVL : Specialized Junetions involved in electrical transmission between neurons. Ann NY Acad Sci 137 : 459-508, 1966.
 
Pappas GD, Cohen EG and Purpura DP : Fine structure of synaptic and nonsynaptic neuronal relations in the thalamus of the cat. In : The Thalamus : Ed by DP Purpura and MD Yahr. Columbia University Press, New York. pp47- 75, 1966.
 
Pappas GD and Waxman SG : Synaptic fine structure-morphological correlations of chemical and electrotonic transmission. In : Structure and Function of Synapses. Ed by GD Pappas and DP Purpura. Raven Press, New York, pp 1-43, 1972.
 
Parducz A and Feher O : Fine structural alterations of presynaptic endings in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat after exhausting preganlionic stimulation. Experientia 26 : 629-630, 1970.
PubMed
Parducz A, Feher 0 and Job F : Effects of stimulation and hemicholinium (HC-3) on the fine structure of nerve endings in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat. Brain Res 34 : 61-72, 1971.
 
Parducz A, Halasz N and Job F : Lack of correlation between the zinc iodide-osmium positively of cholinergic terminals and the cholinergic transmission in the sympathetic ganglia of the cat. J Neurochem 18 : 97-100, 1971.
 
Pasik P, Pasik T and Hamori J : Synapses between interneurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of monkeys. Exper Brain Res 25 : 1-13, 1976.
 
Paters A and Palay SL : The morphology of laminae A and A, of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body of the cat. J Anat 100 : 451-486, 1966.
 
Patrizi G and Munger BL : The cytology of encapsulated nerve endings in the rat penis. J Ultrastr Res 13 : 500-515, 1965.
 
Patrizi G and Munger BL : The ultrastructure and innervation of rat vibrissae. J Comp Neurol 126 : 423-436, 1966.
PubMed
Patton HD : Reflex regulation of movement and posture. In : Neurophysiology. Ed by TC Ruch. WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia, Ch 3 : pp66-95, 1961.
 
Paul DL : Molecular cloning of cDNA for rat liver gap junction protein. J Cell Biel 103 : 123-134, 1986.
 
Pauly H : Zur Kenntniss des Adrenalines. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 36 : 2944-2949, 1903.
 
Pauly H : Zur Kenntniss des Adrenalins. II. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 37 : 1388-1401, 1904.
 
Payton BW, Bennett MVL and Pappas GD : Permeability and structure of junctional membranes at an electrotonic synapse. Science 166 : 1641-1643, 1969.
 
Pearse BMF and Bretscher MS : Membrane recycling by coated vesicles. Ann Rev Biochem 50 : 85-101, 1981.
 
Pearse BMF and Crowther RA : Structure and assembly of coated vesicles. Ann Rev Biophys them 16 : 49-68, 1987.
 
Peart WS : The nature of splenic sympathin. J Physiol 108 : 491-501, 1949.
PubMed
Pease DC and Pallie W : Electron microscopy of digital tactile corpuscles and small cutaneous nerves. J Ultrastruct Res 2 : 352-365, 1959.
PubMed
Pease DC and Quilliam TA : Electron microscopy of the Pacinian corpuscle. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 3 : 331-342, 1957.
PubMed
Pellegrino de Iraldi A : ZIO staining of monoaminergic granulated vesicles. Brain Res 66 : 227-233, 1974.
 
Pellegrino de Iraldi A : Localizing SH-groups in monoaminergic synaptic vesicles with the mixture of zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide (ZIO). Brain Res 94 : 363-367, 1975.
 
Pellegrino de Iraldi A and De Robertis E : Ultrastructure and function of catecholamine containing system. In : Proc 2nd Intern Congr Endocrinol. Excerpta Med Intern Congr Ser No 83 : 355-363, 1964.
 
Pellegrino de Iraldi A, Duggan HF and De Robertis E : Adrenergic synaptic vesicles in the anterior hypothalamus of the rat. Anat Rec 145 : 521-531, 1963.
 
Pellegrino de Iraldi A and Echeverry GJ : Ultrastructural changes in the nerve endings of the median eminence after nialamide-DOPA administration. Brain Res 6 : 614-618, 1967.
 
Pellegrino de Iraldi A and Gueudet R : Action of reserpine on the osmium tetroxide-zinc iodide reactive site of synaptic vesicles in the pineal nerves of the rat. Z Zellforsch 91 : 178-185, 1968.
PubMed
Pellegrino de Iraldi A and Gueudet R : Osmium tetroxide-zinc iodide reactive sites in the photoreceptor cells of the retina of the rat. Z Zellforsch 101 : 203-211, 1969.
PubMed
Pellegrino de Iraldi A and Letzen D : Zinc iodideosmium tetroxide reactive substances in the matrix of granulated vesicles in the rat pineal nerves. Experientia 29 : 844-846, 1973.
PubMed
Pellegrino de Iraldi A and Suburo AM : Electron staining of synaptic vesicles using Champy-Maillet technique. J Microscopy 91 : 99-103, 1970.
PubMed
Pellegrino de Iraldi A and Suburo AM : Effect of tyramine on the compartment of the granulated vesicles in rat pineal nerve endings. Eur J Pharmacol 19 : 251-259, 1972.
 
Penfield W : Oligodendroglia and its relations to classical neuroglia. Brain 47 : 430-452, 1924.
 
Peper K, Dreyer F, Sandri C and Akert K : Structure and ultrastructure of the frog motor endplate. A freeze-etching study. Cell Tissue Res 149 : 437-455, 1974.
PubMed
Peracchia C : Low resistance junctions in crayfish. I. Two arrays of globulas in junctional membranes. J Cell Biol 57 : 54-65, 1973.
 
Peracchia C : Low resistance junctions in crayfish. II. Structural details and further evidence for inter-cellular channels by freeze fracture and negative staining. J Cell Biol 57 : 66-76, 1973.
 
Peracchia C : Gap inactions. Structural changes after uncoupling procedures. J Cell Biel 72 : 628-641, 1977.
 
Peracchia C and Dulhunty AF : Low resistance junctions in crayfish. Structural changes with functional uncoupling. J Cell Biol 70 : 419-439, 1976.
PubMed
Peracchia C and Peracchia LL : Gap junction dynamics. Reversible effects of divalent cations. J Cell Biol 87 : 708-718, 1980.
PubMed
Peracchia C and Peracchia LL : Gap junction dynamics. Reversible effects of hydrogen ions. J Cell Biol 87 : 719-727, 1980.
PubMed
Perez APR : Contribution a la connaissance des terminaisons intersudorales. Trav Lab Rech Biol Univ Madrid 27 : 339-343, 1931/32.
 
Perin MS, Johnston PA, Ozcelik T, Jahn R, Francke U and Sudhof TC : Structural and functional conservation of synaptotagmin (p65) in Drosophia and humans. J Biol Chem 266 : 615-622, 1991.
 
Perl ER : Pain and nociceptors. In : Handbook of Physiology. Sect 1, III/2 : Nervous System. Ed by I Darian-Smith. Amer Physiol Soc, Bethesda, pp739-788, 1984.
 
Perri V, Sacchi O, Raviola E and Raviola G : Evaluation of the number and distribution of synaptic vesicles at cholinergic nerve-endings after sustained stimulation. Brain Res 39 : 526-529, 1972.
PubMed
Perrin D, Langley DK and Aunis D : Antialphafodrin inhibits secretions from permeabilized chromaffin cells. Nature 326 : 498-501, 1987.
 
Peters A : Morphological correlates of epilepsy : cells in the cerebral cortex. In : Antiepileptic Drugs : Mechanisms of Action. Ed by GH Glaser, JK Penny and DH Woodbury. Raven Press, New York, pp21-48, 1980.
 
Peters A : Chandelier cells. In : Cerebral Cortex. Vol 1. Cellular Components of the Cerebral Cortex. Ed by A Peters and EG Jones. Plenum Press, New York, pp 361-380. 1984.
 
Peters A : Number of neurons and synapses in primary visual cortex. In : Cerebral Cortex. Vol 6. Further Aspects of Cortical Function, Including Hippocampus. Ed by EG Jones and A Peters. Plenum Press, New York, pp 267-294, 1987.
 
Peters A and Kaiserman-Abramof IR : The small pyramidal neuron of the rat cerebral cortex. The synapses upon dendritic spines. Z Zellforsch 100 : 487-506, 1969.
PubMed
Peters A and Palay SL : An electron microscope study of the distribution and patters of astroglial processes in the central nervous system. J Anat 99 : 419, 1965.
 
Peters A and Palay SL : The morphology of laminae A and A1 of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body of the cat. J Anat 100 : 451-486, 1966.
 
Peters A, Palay SL and Webster H de F : The Fine Structure of the Nervous System. The Cells and Their Processes. Harper & Row, New York, 1970.
 
Peters A, Palay SL and Webster H de F : The Fine Structure of the Nervous System. Neurons and Their Supporting Cells. Oxford University Press, New York. Oxford, 1991.
 
Peters A, Proskauer CC and Kaiserman-Abramof IR : The small pyramidal neuron of the rat cerebral cortex : the axon hillock and initial segment. J Cell Biol 39 : 604-619, 1968.
PubMed
Peters A, Proskauer CC and Ribak CE : Chandelier cells in rat visual cortex. J Comp Neurol 206 : 397-416, 1982.
PubMed
Peterson ER, Crain SM and Murray MR : Activities of Schwann cells during myelin formation in vitro. Anat Rec 130 : 357, 1958.
 
Peterson ER and Murray MR : Patterms of peripheral demyelination in vitro. Research in demyelinating desease. Ann N. Y Acad Sci 122 : 39-49, 1965.
 
Petrucci TC and Morrow S : Synapsin L an actinbinding protein under phosphorylation control. J Cell Biol 105 : 1355-1363, 1987.
 
Pevet P et Saboureau M : L'epiphyse du Herisson (Erinaceus europaeus L.) male. I. Les pinealocytes et leur variations ultrastructurales considerees au cours du cycle sexuel. Z Zellforsch 143 : 367-385, 1973.
 
Pfenninger K : The cytochemistry of synaptic densities. I. An analysis of the bismuth iodide impregnation method. J Ultrastruct Res 34 : 103-122, 1971.
 
Pfenninger K : The cytochemistry of synaptic densities. II. Proteinaceous components and mechanism of synaptic connectivity. J Ultrastruct Res 35 : 451-475), 1971.
 
Pfenninger K : Synaptic morphology and cytochemistry. Prog Histochem Cytochem 5 : 1-83, 1972.
 
Pfenninger K, Akert K, Moor H and Sandri C : The fine structure of freeze-fractured presynaptic membranes. J Neurocytol 1 : 129-149, 1972.
PubMed
Pfenninger K, Akert K and Sandri C : Structural organization of the synaptic cleft : polyionic binding between pre- and postsynaptic membranes In : Seventh Internal Congress of Electron Microscopy. Grenoble, pp715-716, 1970.
 
Pfenninger K, Sandri C, Akert K and Eugster CH : Contribution to the problem of structural organization of the presynaptic crea. Brain Res 12 : 10-18, 1969.
 
Phelps PE, Houser CR and Vaughn JE : Immunocytochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase within the rat neostriatum : a correlated light and electron microscopic study of cholinergic neurons and synapses. J Comp Neurol 238 : 296-307, 1985.
 
Phillips HS, Nikolics K, Branton D and Seeburg Pit : Immunohistochemical Localization in the rat brain of a prolactin release-inhibiting sequence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone prohormone. Nature 316 : 542-545, 1985.
 
Pickel VM, Reis DJ and Leeman SE : Ultrastructural localization of substance P in neurons of rat spinal cord. Brain Res 122 : 534-540, 1977.
PubMed
Pilate M : Contribution a l'etude de la structure et du developpement des corpuscules de Vater-Pacini. Arch Russ Anat Histol Embryol 3 : 225-278 (full text in Russian), 427-435 (French summary), 1925.
 
Pinching AJ : Synaptic connexions in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. J Physiol 210 : 14p-15p, 1970.
PubMed
Pinching AJ and Powell TPS : The neuropil of the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. J Cell Sci 9 : 347-378, 1971.
 
Pinching AJ and Powell TPS : The neuropil of the periglomerular region of the olfactory bulb. J Cell Sci 9 : 379-409, 1971.
 
Pinkus F : uber einen bisher unbekannten Nebenapparat am Haarsystem des Menschen : Haarscheiben. Dermat Z 9 : 465-569, 1902.
 
Pinkus F : Uber Hautsinnesorgane neben dem menschlichen Haar (Haarscheiben) and ihre vergleichend-anatomische Bedeutung. Arch Mikr Anat 65 : 121-179, 1905.
 
Pinkus F : Die normale Anatomic der Haut. In : Handbuch der Haut and Geschlechts-krankheiten. I /1. Anatomie der Haut. Herausg. von J Jadassohn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, S1-378, 1927.
 
Polacek P : Receptors of the joints. Their structure, variability and classification. Acta Facult Med Univ Brunensis 23 : 1-107, 1966.
 
Polacek P : Ultrastruktur des Herbstschen Korperchen im Vergleich mit dem Pacinischen Korperchen. Collection Scientific Works Facultatis Medicae Charles University Hradec Kralove 12 : 417-426, 1969.
 
Polacek P and Halata Z : Development of simple encapuslated corpuscles in the nasolabial region of the cat. (Ultrastructural study), Folia Morphol (Prague) 18 : 359-368, 1970.
 
Polacek P and Malinovsky L : Die Ultrasktrur der Genitalkorperchen in der Clitoris. Z Mikr-Anat Forsch 84 : 293-310, 1971.
PubMed
Polacek P and Mazanec K : Ultrastructure of mature pacinian corpuscles from mesentery of adult cat. Z MikrAnat Forsch 75 : 343-354, 1966.
 
Polaeck P, Sklenska A and Malinovsky L : Contribution to the problem of joint receptors in birds. Folia Morphol (Prague) 14 : 33-42, 1966.
 
Politoff A, Pappas GD and Bennett MVL : Cobalt ions cross an electrotonic synapse if cytoplasmic concentration is low. Brain Res 76 : 343-346, 1974.
 
Politoff AL, Rose S and Pappas GD : The calcium binding sites of synaptic vesicles of the frog sartorius neuromuscular junction. J Cell Biol 61 : 818-823, 1974.
PubMed
Pollock JS, Forstermann U, Mitchell JA, Warner TD, Schmidt HHHW, Nakane M and Murad F : Purification and characterization of particulate endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthase from cultured and native bovine aortic endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 : 10480-10484, 1991.
 
Porter CC, Totara JA and Stone CA : The effect of 6-hydroxydopamine and some other compounds on the concentration of norepinephrine in the hears of mice. J Pharmacol Exper Therap 140 : 308-316, 1963.
 
Porter CW and Barnard EA : Electron microscope (EM) autoradiographic counting of acetylcholine receptor sites in mammalian motor end-plates. J Histochem Cytochem 22 : 293, 1974.
 
Porter CW, Barnard EA and Chiu JH : The ultrastructural localization and quantitation of cholinergic receptors at the mouse motor endplates. J Membrane Biol 14 : 383-402, 1973.
 
Potter LT and Axelrod J : Subcellular localization of catecholamines in tissues of the rat, J Pharmakol Exper Therap 142 : 291-298, 1963.
 
Potter LT and Axelrod J : Properties of norepinephrine storage particles of the rat heart. J Pharmakol Exper Therap 142 : 299-305, 1963.
 
Powell D, Leeman SE, Tregear GW, Niall HD and Potts JT jr : Radioimmunoassay for substance P. Nature New Biol 241 : 252-254, 1973.
 
Price A, Eide B, Printzmetal M and Carpenter C : Ultrastructure of dog cardiac muscle cell. Circ Res 7 : 858-865, 1959.
 
Price JL : The termination of centrifugal fibres in the olfactory bulb. Brain Res 7 : 483-486, 1968.
PubMed
Price JL and Powell TPS : The morphology of the granule cells of the olfactory bulb. J Cell Sci 7 : 91-123, 1970.
 
Price JL and Powell TPS : The synaptology of the granule cells of the olfactory bulb. J Cell Sci 7 : 125-155, 1970.
 
Price JL and Powell TPS : The mitral and short axon cells of the olfactory bulb. J Cell Sci 7 : 631-651, 1970.
 
Pycock CJ and Kerwin RW : The status of glycine as a supraspinal neurotransmitter. Life Sci 28 : 1003-1005, 1981.
 
Pysh JJ and Wiley RG : Morphologic alterations of synapses in electrically stimulated superior cervical ganglia of the cat. Science 176 : 191-193, 1972.
PubMed
Pysh JJ and Wiley RG : Synaptic vesicle depletion and recovery in the cat sympathetic ganglia electrically stimulated in vivo : evidence for transmission secretion by exocytosis. J Cell Biol 60 : 356-374, 1974.
 
Quay WB : Circadian rhythm in rat pineal serotonin and its modification by the estrous cycle and photoperiods. Gen Comp Endocrinol 3 : 473-479, 1963.
PubMed
Quilliam TA : Growth, degrowth and regrowth in the Herbst corpuscle. Anat Rec 142 : 322, 1962.
 
Quilliam TA : Unit design and array patterns in receptor organs. In : Touch, Heat and Pain. Ed by AVS Reuck and J Knight (Ciba Foundation Symposium). Churchill, London, pp86-112, 1966.
 
Quilliam TA and Armstrong J : Mechanoreceptors. Endeavour 22 : 55-60, 1963.
PubMed
Quilliam TA and Sato M : The distribution of myelin on nerve fibres from Pacinian corpuscles. J Physiol 129 : 167-176, 1955.
PubMed
Raab W : Adrenaline and related substances in blood and tissues. Biochem J 37 : 470-473, 1943.
PubMed
Radi R, Beckman JS, Bush KM and Freeman BA : Peroxynitrite oxidation of sulfhydryls. The cytotoxic potential of superoxide and nitric oxide. J Biol Chem 266 : 4244-4250, 1991.
PubMed
Radomski MW, Palmer RMJ and Moncada S : An L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway present in human platelets regulates aggregation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 : 5193-5197, 1990.
 
Raff MC, Barres BA, Burne JF, Coles HS, Ishizaki Y and Jacobson MD : Programmed cell death and the control of cell survival : Lessons from the nervous system. Science 262 : 695-700, 1993.
PubMed
Rafols JA : Ependymal tanycytes of the ventricular system in vertebrates. In : Astrocytes, Vol 1, Development, Morphology and Regional Specialization of Astrocytes. Ed by S Fedoroff and A Vernadakis. Academic Press, London, pp131-148, 1986.
 
Rafols JA and Valverde E : The structure of the dorsal lateral gemiculate nucleus in the mouse. A Golgi and electron microscopic study. J Comp Neurol 150 : 303-332, 1973.
 
Rall W and Shepherd GM : Theoretical reconstruction of field potentials and dendrodendritic synaptic interactions in olfactory bulb. J Neurophysiol 31 : 884-915, 1968.
PubMed
Rall W, Shepherd GM, Reese TS and Brightman MW : Dendrodendri tic synaptic pathway for inhibition in the olfactory bulb. Exper Neurol 14 : 44-56, 1966.
 
Ralston HJ : The organization of the substantia gelatinosa Rolandi in the cat lumbosacral spinal cord. Z Zellforsch 67 : 1-23, 1965.
PubMed
Ralston HJ : The fine stucture of neurons in the dorsal horn of the cat spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 132 : 275-301, 1968.
 
Ralston HJ III, Miller MR and Kasahara M : Nerve endings in human fasciae, tendons, ligaments, periosteum, and joint synovial membrane. Anat Rec 136 : 137-148, 1960.
 
Ramagopal MV and Leighton HJ : Effects of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine on field stimulationinduced decreases in cytosolic Ca2+ levels and relaxation in the rat anococcygeus muscle. Eur J Pharmacol 174 : 297-299, 1989.
PubMed
Rambourg A and Lebrond CP : Electron microscope observations on the carbohydrate rich cell coat present at the surface of cells in the rat. J Cell Biol 32 : 27-54, 1967.
 
Ramstrbm M : Anatomische and experimentelle Untersuchumgen fiber die lamellosen Nervenend-korperchen im Peritoneum parietale des Menschen. Anat Hefte (Abt 1) 36 : 309-368, 1908.
 
Ranson SW : Non medullated nerve fibers in the spinal nerves. Amer J Anat 12 : 67-87, 1911.
 
Ranson SW : The structure of the spinal ganglia and of the spinal nerves. J Comp Neurol 22 : 159-175, 1912.
 
Ranson SW : Degeneration and regeneration of nerve fibers. J Comp Neurol 22 : 487-537, 1912.
 
Ranson SW : The course within the spinal cord of the non-medullated fibers of the dorsal roots : A study of Lissauer's tract in the cat. J Comp Neurol 23 : 259-281, 1913.
 
Ranson SW : An experimental study of Lissauer's tract and the dorsal roots. J Comp Neurol 24 : 531-545, 1914.
 
Ranson SW : Unmyelinated nerve-fibers as conductors of protopathic sensation. Brain 38 : 381-389, 1915.
 
Ranson SW, Drogemuller WH, Davenport HK and Fischer C : Number, size and myelination of the sensory fibers in the cerebrospinal nerves. Res Publi Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 15 : 3-34, 1935.
 
Ranvier L : Traite Technique d'Histologie. Librairie F Savy, Paris, 1875.
 
Ranvier L : De la termination des nerfs dans les corpuscles do tact. CR Acad Sci 85 : 1020-1023, 1877.
 
Ranvier LA : On the termination of the nerves in the epidermis. Quart J Micr Sci 20 : 456-458, 1880.
 
Ranvier LA : Nouvelles recherches sur les organes do tact. CR Acad Sci 41 : 1087-1089, 1880.
 
Rapport MM : Serum vasoconstrictor (serotonin). V. The presence of creatinine in the complex. A proposed structure of the vasoconstrictor principle. J Biol Chem 180 : 961-969, 1949.
 
Rapport MM, Green AA and Page III : Partial purification of the vasoconstrictor in beef serum. J Biol Chem 174 : 735-741, 1948.
 
Rash JE and Ellisman MH : Studies of excitable membranes. I. Macromolecular specializations of the neuromuscular junction and the nonjunctional sarcolemma. J Cell Biol 63 : 567-586, 1974.
PubMed
Rash JE, Ellisman MH and Staehelin LA : Freezecleaved neuromuscular junctions : macromolecular architecture of postsynaptic membranes of normal vs. denervated muscle. J Cell Biol 59 : 280A, 1973.
 
Rasted J : Ultrastructural morphology of axon terminals of an inhibitory spinal interneurons in the cat. Brain Res 223 : 397-401, 1981.
 
Rauber A : Vater'sche Korper der Bander und Periostnerven and ihre Beziehung zum sogenannten Muskelsinne. Inaug-Dissert, Gottschick-Witters Buchhandlung. Neustadt a, H., 1865.
 
Rauber A : Untersuchumgen uber das Vorkommen and die Bedeutung der Vaterschen Korper. C. Fritsch, Munchen, 1867.
 
Raviola E and Gilula NB : Gap junctions between photoreceptor cells in the vertebrate retina. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70 : 1677-1681, 1973.
PubMed
Raviola E, Goodenough DA and Raviola G : Structure of rapidly frozen gap junctions. J Cell Biol 87 : 273-279, 1980.
PubMed
Raviola G and Raviola E : Light and electron microscopic observations on the inner plexiform layer of the rabbit retina. Amer J Anat 120 : 403-425, 1967.
PubMed
Recio-Pinto E, Thornhill WB, Duch DS, Levinson SR and Urban BW : Neuraminidase treatment modifies the function of electroplax sodium channels in planar lipid bilayers. Neuron 5 : 675-684, 1990.
 
Rees HD, Switz GM and Michael RP : The estrogen-sensitive neuron system in the brain of female cats. J Comp Neurol 193 : 789-804, 1980.
 
Rees S, Guldner FH and Aitken L : Activity dependent plasticity of postsynaptic density structure in the ventral cochlear mucleus of the rat. Brain Res 325 : 370-374, 1985.
 
Reese RE, Landis DMD and Reese TS : Organization of the cerebellar cortex viewed by scanning electron microscopy. Neuroscience 14 : 133-146, 1985.
 
Reese TS, Bennett MVL and Feder N : Cell-to cell movement of peroxidases injected into the septate axon of crayfish. Anat Rec 169 : 409, 1971.
 
Reese TS and Shepherd GM : Dendrodendritic synapses in the central nervous system. In : Structure and Function of Synapses. Ed by GD Pappas and DP Purpura. Raven Press, New York, pp121-136, 1972.
 
Reger JF : Electron microscopy of the motor end plate in rat intercostal muscle. Anat Rec 122 : 1-10, 1955.
PubMed
Reger JF : The ultrastructure of normal and denervated neuromuscular synapses in mouse gastrocunemius muscle. Exper Cell Res 12 : 661-665, 1957.
 
Reger JF : The fine structure of neuromuscular synapses of gastrocunemii from mouse and frog. Anat Rec 130 : 7-24, 1958.
 
Reist NE, Werle MJ and McMahan VJ : Agrin released by motor neurons induces the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions. Neuron 8 : 865-868, 1992.
 
Remak R : Uber extracellulare Entstehung tierischer Zellen and uber Vermehrung derselben durch Theilung. Arch Anat Physiol wins Med pp47-57, 1852.
 
Renehan WE and Munger BL : Degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerve in the rat trigeminal system. I. Identification and characterization of the multiple afferent innervation of mystacial vibrissae. J Comp Neurol 246 : 129-145, 1986.
PubMed
Renehan WE and Munger BL : Degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerve in the rat trigeminal system. II. Response to nerve lesions. J Comp Neurol 249 : 429-459, 1986.
PubMed
Renshaw B : Activity in the simplest spinal reflex pathways. J Neurophysiol 3 : 370-387, 1940.
 
Retzius G : Uber den Bau der Oberflachenschichte der Groβhirnrinde beim Menschen and bei den Saugetieren. Biol Forenigens Forhandl 3 : 90-102, 1891.
 
Retzius G : Die Endigungsweise der Riechnerven. Biol Untersuch Neue Folge 3 : 25-28, 1892.
 
Retzius G : Zur Kenntniss der motorischen Nervenendigungen. Biol Untersuch Neue Folge 3 : 341-352, 1892.
 
Retzius G : Die Nervenendigungen in dem Geschmacksorgan der Saugetiere and Amphibien. Biol Untersuch Neue Folge 4 : 19-32, 1892.
 
Retzius G : Uber die Nervenendigungen an den Hearen. Biol Untersuch Neue Folge 4 : 45-48, 1892.
 
Retzius G : Uber die Endigungsweise der Nerven an den Haaren des Menschen. Biol Untersuch Neue Folge 6 : 61-62, 1894.
 
Retzius G : Zur Frage von der Endigungsweise peripherischer sensibler Nerven. Biol Untersuch Neue Folge 8 : 114-117, 1898.
 
Retzius G : Weitere Beitrage zur Frage von den freien Nervenendigungen and anderen Structurverhaltmissen in den Spinalgenglien. Biol Untersuch Neue Folge 9 : 69-76, 1900.
 
Revah F, Galzi J-L, Giraudat J, Ilaumant P-Y, Lederer F and Changeux J-P : The noncompetitive blocker 〔3H〕chlorpromagine labels three amino acids of the acetylcholine receptor γ subunit ; implications for the α-helical organization of regions Mll and for the structure of the ion channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 : 4675-4679, 1990.
 
Revel JP and Karnovsky MJ : Hexagonal array of subunits in intracellular junctions of the mouse heart and liver. J Cell Biol 33 : C7-C12, 1967.
 
Rhodin JA : An Atlas of Ultrastructure. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1963.
 
Ribak CE and Roberts E : GABAergic synapses in the brain identified with antisera to GABA and its synthesizing enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase. J Electr Micr Techn 15 : 34-48, 1990.
 
Ribak CE, Vaughn JE and Roberts E : The GABA neurons and their axon terminals in rat corpus striatum as demonstrated by GAD immunocytochemistry. J Comp Neurol 187 : 261-284, 1979.
 
Ribak CE, Vaughn JE, Saito K, Barber R and Roberts E : Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate decarboxylase in rat substantia nigra. Brain Res 116 : 287-298, 1976.
 
Ribak CE, Vaughn JE, Saito K, Barber R and Roberts E : Glutamate decarboxylase localization in neurons of the olfactory bulb. Brain Res 126 : 1-18, 1977.
 
Rice FL and Munger BL : A comparative light microscopic analysis of the sensory innervation of the mystacial pad. II. The common for between the vibrissae. J Comp Neurol 252 : 186-205, 1986.
PubMed
Richards G : Ultrastructural visualization of biogenic monoamines. In : Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Voll. Ed by A Bjorklund and T Hokfelt. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp122-146, 1983.
 
Richards JG and Tranzer JP : Electron microscopic localization of 5-hydroxydopamine, a 'false' adrenergic neurotransmitter, in the autonomic nerve endings of the rat pineal gland. Experientia 25 : 53-54, 1969.
PubMed
Richardson KC : The fine structure of autonomic nerve endings in smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens. J Anat 96 : 427-442, 1962.
PubMed
Richardson KC : The fine structure of the albino rabbit iris with special reference to the identification of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves and nerve endings in its intrinsic muscles. Amer J Anat 114 : 173-206, 1964.
 
Rinvik E and Grofov￡ : Light and electron microscopical studies of the normal nuclei ventralis lateralis and ventralis anterior thalami in the cat. Anat Embryol 146 : 57-93, 1974.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : La glia de escasas radiaciones (oligodeudroglla). Arch Neurobiol Madrid 2, Nr1, 1921 ; Bol Soc esp Histol Nat 21 : 63-92, 1921.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : La glie a radiations pen mombreuses et la cellule de Schwann sont elles homologables. CR Soc Biol Paris 91 : 818-820, 1924.
 
Ritchie JIM : Voltage-gated cation and anion channels in mammalian Schwann cells and astrocytes. J Physiol (Paris) 82 : 248-257, 1987.
 
Rivers RHR and Head H : A human experiment in nerve division. Brain 31 : 323-450, 1908.
 
Roberts E : Formation and liberation of γ-aminobutyric acid in brain. In : Progress in Neurobiology. I. Neurochemistry. Ed by SR Korey and JI Nurnberger. Hoeber-Harper, New York, pp 11-25, 1956.
 
Roberts E : Introduction. In : GABA in Nervous System Function. Ed by E Roberts, TN Chase and DB Tower. Raven Press, New York, pp 1-6, 1976.
 
Roberts E, Baxter CF, Van Harreveld A, Wiersma CAG, Adey WR and Killam KF (Eds) : Inhibition in the Nervous System and Gamma-aminobutyric Acid. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1960.
 
Roberts E and Frankel S : γ-Aminobutyric acid in brain : Its formation from glutamic acid. J Biol Chem 187 : 55-63, 1950.
 
Robertson JD : Ultrastructure of two invertebrate synapses. Proc Soc Exper Biol Med 82 : 219-223, 1953.
 
Robertson JD : Recent electron microscope observations on the ultrastructure of the crayfish medianto-motor giant synapse. Exper Cell Res 8 : 226-229, 1955.
 
Robertson JD : The ultrastructure of a reptilian myoneural junction. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2 : 381-394, 1956.
PubMed
Robertson JD : Electron microscopy of the motor end-plate and the neuromuscular spindle. Amer J Physiol Mcd 39 : 1-43, 1960.
 
Robertson JD : Ultrastructure of exitable membranes and the crayfish median giant synapse. Amer NY Acad Sci 94 : 339, 1961.
 
Robertson JD : The occurrence of a subunits pattern in the unit membranes of club endings in Mauthner cell synapses in goldfish brains. J Cell Biol 19 : 201-221, 1963.
 
Robertson JD : Unit membranes : A review with recent new studies of experimental alterations and a new subumit structure in synaptic membranes. In : Cellular Membranes in Development. Ed by M Locke. Academic Press, New York, pp1-81, 1964.
 
Robertson JD, Bodenheimer TS and Stage DE : The ultrastructure of Mauthner cell synapses and nodes in goldfish brains. J Cell Biol 19 : 159-199, 1963.
 
Robins J : The excitation and inhibition of crustacean muscle by amino acids. J Physiol 148 : 39-50, 1959.
 
Rodriguez EM : Comparative and functional morphology of the median eminence : In : Brain-Endocrine Interaction. Median Eminence, Strcture and Function. Ed by KM Knigge, DE Scott and A Weindl. Karger, Basel, pp319-334, 1972.
 
Rogart RB, Cribbs LL, Mugla LK, Kephart DD and Kaiser MW : Molecular cloning of a putative tetrodotoxin-resistant heart Na+ channel isoform. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 : 8170-8174, 1989.
 
Rogers DC and Burnstock G : Multiaxonal autonomic junctions in smooth muscle of the toad (Bufo marinus). J Comp Neurol 126 : 625-652, 1966.
 
Romanes GJ : Preliminary observations on the locomotor system of Medusae. Phil Trans Roy Soc 166 : 269-313, 1876.
 
Romanes GJ : Further observations on the locomotor system of Medusae. Phil Trans Roy Soc 167 : 659-752, 1877.
 
Romanes GJ : Conducting observations on the locomotor system of Medusae. Phil Trans Roy Soc 171 : 161-202, 1880.
 
Romansky KV, Usunoff KG and Ivanov DP : Vesicle containing dendrites in the subthalamic nucleus of the cat. J Hirnforsch 21 : 515-521, 1980.
 
Romijn HJ : Structure and innervation of the pineal gland of the rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.). II. An electron microscopic investigation of the pinealocytes. Z Zellforsch 141 : 545-560, 1973.
 
Romijn HJ : The ultrastructure of the rabbit pineal gland after sympathectomy, parasympathectomy, continuous illumination, and continuous darkness. J Neural Transm 36 : 183-194, 1975.
PubMed
Romijn HJ : The influence of some sympathicolytic, parasympathicolytic and serotonin-synthesisinhibiting agents on the ultrastructure of the rabbit pineal organ. Cell Tissue Res 167 : 167-177, 1976.
 
Rosenberg L : Uber Nervenendigungen in der Schleimhaut and im Epithet der Saugetierzunge. Sitz-ber Wien Akad 93 : Abt 3, 164-198, 1886.
 
Rosenblueth A : The transmission of nerve impulses at neuroeffector junctions and peripheral synapses. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp325, 1950.
 
Rosenbluth J : Subsurface cisterns and their relationship to the neuronal plasma membrane. J Cell Biol 13 : 405-421, 1962.
 
Rosenbluth J : Postjunctional membrane specialization at cholinergic myoneural junctions in the leech. J Comp Neurol 151 : 399-406, 1973.
PubMed
Rosenbluth J : Substructure of amphibian motor end plate. Evidence for a granular component projecting from the outer surface of the receptive membrane. J Cell Biol 62 : 755-766, 1974.
PubMed
Rosenbluth J : Synaptic membrane structure in Torpedo electric organ. J Neurocytol 4 : 697-712, 1975.
PubMed
Rosenbluth J and Wissing SL : The distribution of exogenous ferritin in toad spinal ganglia and the mechanism of its uptake by neurons. J Cell Biol 23 : 307-325, 1964.
 
Rosenfeld MG, Mermod JJ, Amara SG, Swanson LW, Sawchenko PE, Rivier J, Vale WW and Evans RM : Production of a novel neuropeptide encoded by the calcitonin gene viatissue-specific RNA processing. Nature 304 : 129-135, 1983.
 
Ross EM : G proteins and receptors in neuronal signaling. In : An Introduction to Molecular Neurobiology. Ed by ZW Hall. Simmer Associates, Inc. Publ, Sunderland, Mass, pp 181-206, 1992.
 
Roth TF and Porter KR : Specialized sites on the cell surface for protein uptake. In : Electron Microscopy : Fifth Intern. Congress for Electron Microscopy. Ed by SS Breese. Academic Press, New York, Vol 2, LL4, 1962.
 
Roth TF and Porter KR : Membrane diffentiation for protein uptake. Fed Proc Fed Amer Soc Exper Biol 22 : 178, 1963.
 
Roth TF and Porter KR : Yolk protein uptake in the oocyte of the mosquito, Aedes aegypfi L. J Cell Biol 20 : 313-332, 1964.
 
Rothman JE and Schmid SL : Enzymatic recycling of clathrin from coated vesicles. Cell 46 : 5-9, 1986.
PubMed
Rotsztejn WH : Neuromodulation in neuroendocrinology. Trends Neurosci 3 : 67-70, 1980.
 
Rouget C : Note sur In terminaison des nerfs moteurs dans les muscles chez lea reptiles, les oiseaux et les mammiferes. CR Acad Sci 55 : 548-551, 1862.
 
Roumy M et Leitner L-M : Activit6s afferentes provenant do bec superieur de la poule domestique. CR Acad Sci (Paris) 277 : 1791-1794, 1973.
 
Roux V, Neale EA, Avins L, Guroff G and Schrier BK : Pineal gland cells in culture. Morphology, histochemistry, differentiation, and co-culture with sympathetic neurons. Exper Cell Res 104 : 345-356, 1977.
 
Rowan RA and Bevan JA : Distribution of adrenergic synaptic cleft with in vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle. In : Vascular Neuroeffector Mechanism. Ed by JA Bevan. Raven Press, New York, pp75-83, 1983.
 
Rubin RP : The role of calcium in the release of neurotransmitter subnsances and hormones. Pharmacol Rev 22 : 389-428, 1970.
PubMed
Ruda MA Coffield J and Steinbusch HWM : Immunocytochemical analysis of serotonergic axons in lamina I and II of the lumbar spinal cord of the cat. J Neurosci 2 : 1660-1671, 1982.
 
Rufener C and Dreifuss JJ : Selective zinc iodideosmiumtetroxide impregnation of synaptoid vesicles in the rat neurohypophysis. Brain Res 22 : 402-405, 1970.
PubMed
Ruffini A : Sulla terminazione nervosa nei fusi muscolari e sol loro significato fisiologico. Atti Reale Accad Lincei 289 : 31-38, 1892.
 
Ruffini A : Sulla presenza dei nervi nelle papille vascolari delta cute dell'uomo. Atti Reale Accad Lincei 289 : 299-301, 1892.
 
Ruffini A : Di una particolare reticella nervosa e di alcuni corpuscoli del Pacini the si trovano in connessione cogli organi muscolo tendinei del gatto. Atti Reale Accad Lincei 289 : 442-446, 1892.
 
Ruffini A : Sur on reticule nerveux special et stir quelques corpuscules de Pacini qui se trouvent en connexion avec les organs musculo-tendineux do chat. Arch Ital Biol 18 : 101-106, 1892 (Atti delta R Accad Lincei 289 Vol 1, Fasc 12).
 
Ruffini A : Sur la termination nerveux dans les faisceaux musculaires et sur leur signification physiologique. Arch Ital Biol 18 : 106-114, 1892.
 
Ruffini A : The minute anatomy of the neuromuscular spindles of the cat, and on their physiological significance. J Physiol 23 : 190-208, 1892.
 
Ruffini A : Osservazioni critiche allo studio del dott. Andrea Rossi sulle terminazioni nervose di senso delta pella dell'uomo. Arch Internaz 11 : 16, 1893.
 
Ruffini A : Sur on nouvel organe nerveux terminal et sur la presence des corpuscules Golgi-Mazzoni dans le conjonctif sous-cutane de la pulpe des doigts de l'homme. Arch Ital Biol (Mem Acad Roy Lincei) 21 : 249 265, 1893.
 
Ruffini A : Di on nuovo organo nervoso terminate, e sulla presenza dei corpuscoli Golgi-Mazzoni net connettivo sottocutaneo dei polpastrelli delle dita dell'uomo. Atti Accad Nazion Lincei 287 : 398-410, 1894.
 
Ruffini A : Considerazioni critiche sui recenti studi dell'apparato nervoso nei fuci muscolari. Anat Anz 9 : 80-88, 1894.
 
Ruffini A : Observations on sensory nerve endings in voluntary muscles. Brain 20 : 368-374, 1897.
 
Ruffini A : Ulteriori ricerche sugli organi nervosi terminali nel connetivo sottocutaneo dei polpastrelli dell'uomo e sulle diverse quality di corpuscoli del Pacini-che si osservano nello stesso tessuto. Ricerche fatte nel Laboratoria di Anatomio normale della R. Univsita de Roma (now Ricerche die Morfologia) 5 : 189-207, 1896. (Richerches ulterieures sur les organes nerveux terminaux clans le connectif sous cutane de la palpe des doigts de l'homme. Arch Ital Biol 28 : 154-156, 1897/98).
 
Ruffini A : Sur deux modes speciaux d'innervation des organes musculo-tendineux de Golgi, particulierement en ce qui concerne la structure du petit tendon de l'organe musculo-tendineux et le mode de se comporter des fibres nerveuses vasomotrices du perimysium du chat. Monit Zool Ital 8 (No5) 1897. (Arch Ital Biel 28 : 467-468, 1897/98.)
 
Ruffini A : Sella presenza di nuovo forme di terminazione nervose nello strato papillare e subpapillare delle cute dell'uomo, conun contributo allo studio della struttura dei corpuscoli del Meissner. Monit Zool Ital 9 : 196-203, 1898.
 
Ruffini A : On the minute anatomy of the neuromuscular spindles of the cat, and on their physiological significance. J Physiol 23 : 190-208, 1898.
 
Ruffini A : Le fibrille nervose ultraterminali nelle teminazioni nervose di senso e la teoria dell neurone. Riv Pathol Nervosa e Mentale, Firenze 1900.
 
Ruffini A : Contributo allo studio della vascolarisazione della cute umana con proposta di una classificazione piu razionale dei suoi diversi strati. Monit Zool Ital 11 : 282-287, 1900.
 
Ruffini A : Les expansions nerveuses de In peau chez l'homme et quelques autres mammiferes. Rev Gen Histol 3 : 421-540, 1905.
 
Ruffini A e Apathy S : Sulle fibrille nervose ultraterminali nelle piastre motrici dell'uomo. Riv Pat Nerv Ment 5 : 433-444, 1900.
 
Rupp F, Payen DG, Magill-Sole C, Cowan DM and Scheller RH : Structure and expression of a rat agrin. Neuron 6 : 811-823, 1991.
 
Rustioni A and Sotelo C : Synaptic organization of the nucleus gracilis of the cat. Experimental identification of dorsal root fibers and cortical afferents. J Comp Neurol 155 : 441-468. 1974.
PubMed
Rutherford DT, Nastuk WL and Gennaro jr JF : Reversible depletion of synaptic vesicles in KF depolarized junctions. J Cell Biol 70 : 375a, 1976.
 
Rutherford JG and Gwyn DG : Gap junctions in the inferior olivary nucleus of the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus. Brain Res 128 : 374-378, 1977.
PubMed
Ryu PD, Gerber G, Murase K and Randic M Actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide on rat spinal dorsal horn neurons. Brain Res 441 : 357-361, 1988.
PubMed
Sachs H, Fawcett CP, Takanabe Y and Portanova R : Biosynthesis and release of vasopressin and neurophysin. Recent Prog Hormone Res 25 : 447-491, 1969.
 
Sachs H, Portanova R, Haller EW and Share L : Cellular processes concerned with vasopressin biosynthesis, storage and release. In : Neurosecretion. Ed by F Stutinsky. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp46-54, 1967.
 
Sachs H, Share L, Osinchak J and Carpi A : Capacity of the neurohypophysis to release vasopressin. Endocrinology 81 : 755-770, 1967.
PubMed
Sachs H and Takanabe Y : Evidence for a precursor in vasopressin biosynthesis. Endocrinology 75 : 943-948, 1964.
 
Saito K : Electron microscopic observations on terminal boutons and synaptic structures in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in the adult cat. Folia Anat Jap 48 : 361-412, 1972.
 
Saito K : The synaptology and cytology of the Clarke cell in nucleus dorsalis of the cat : An electron microscopic study. J Neurocytol 3 : 179-197, 1974.
 
Saito K : Morphometrical synaptology of Clarke cells and of distal dendrites in the nucleus dorsalis : An electron microscopic study in the cat. Brain Res 178 : 233-249, 1979.
PubMed
Saito K : Branchings at the central mode of Ranvier observed in the anterior horn and Clarke's nucleus of the cat. An electron microscopic study. Neuroscience 4 : 391-399, 1979.
 
斎藤基一郎 : 脊髄ニューロンの微細構造-シナプスの数量的回析を中心として. 神研進歩 26 : 596-613, 1982.
 
Saito K, Barber R, Wu J-Y, Matsuda T, Roberts E and V aughn JE : Immunohistochemical localization of glutamate decarboxylase in rat cerebellum. Proc Natl Acad Sci : USA 71 : 269-273, 1974.
 
Saito K and Matsumura A : Quantitative in vestigations of spinal motoneurons and their synaptic structures in a teleost : A morphometrical analysis with special reference to axosomatic synapses. J Morphol 218 : 281-300, 1993.
 
Saito K, Niki K, Eins S and Wolff JR : Quantitative analysis of synapse structure with a semiautomatic interactive computer system : A study on identified pyramidal tract neurons in the sensorynrotor cortex of cat. J Electr Micros Techn 4 : 241-256, 1986.
 
Saito O, Maeda T, Kannari K, Kawahara I, Iwanaga T and Takano Y : Innervation of the periodontal ligament in the dog with special referenee to the morphology of Ruffini endings. Arch Histol Cytol 55 : 21-30, 1992.
 
Sakada S and Aida H : Localization and shape of Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles in the facial bones periosteum of the cat. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 12 : 235-253, 1971.
 
Sakada S and Aida H : Electrophysiological studies of Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles in the periosteum of the cat facial bones. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 12 : 255-272, 1971.
 
Sakmann B : Elementary steps in synaptic transmission relealed by currents through single ion channels. Neuron 8 : 613-629, 1992.
 
Sakmann B, Bormann J and Hamill OP : Ion transport by single receptor channels. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant Biol 48 : 247-257, 1983.
PubMed
Salganicoff L and De Robertis E : Subcellular distribution of glutamic decarboxylase and gammaaminobutyric alpha ketoglutamic transaminase. Life Sci 2 : 85-91, 1963.
 
Salganicoff L and De Robertis E : Subcellular distribution of the enzymes of the glutamic acid, glutamine and y-aminobutyric acid cycles in rat brain. J Neurochem 12 : 287-309, 1965.
 
Salpeter MM : Vertebrate neuromuscular junctions : general morphology, molecular organization, and functional consequences. In : The Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction. Ed by MM Salpeter. Alan Liss Inc, New York, pp1-54, 1987.
 
Salpeter MM, McHenry FA and Feng HH : Myoneural junctions in the extraocular muscles of the mouse. Anat Rec 179 : 201-224, 1974.
PubMed
Salt TE and Hill RG : Neurotransmitter candidates of somatosensory primary afferent fibres. Neuroscience 10 : 1083-1103, 1983.
PubMed
Samuelsson B : Identification of a smooth musclestimulating factor in bovine brain : Prostaglandins and related factors 25. Biochem Biophys Acts 84 : 218-219, 1964.
 
Samulack DD, Munger BL, Dykes RW and Daniel RK : Neuroanatomical evidence of reinnervation in primate allografted (transplanted) skin during cyclosporine immunosuppression. Neurosci Lett 72 : 1-6, 1986.
 
Sandoval ME and Cotman CW : Evaluation of glutamate as a neurotransmitter of cerebellar parallel fibers. Neuroscience 3 : 199-206, 1978.
PubMed
Sandri C, Akert K, Livingston RB and Moor H : Particle aggregations at specialized sites in freeze-etched postsynaptic membranes. Brain Res 41 : 1-16, 1972.
PubMed
Sandri C, Van Buren JM and Akert K : Membrane Morphology of the Vertebrate Nervous System. A Study with Freeze-etch Technique. Progress Brain Research Vol 46, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1977.
 
Sanes JR and Hall ZW : Antibodies that bind specifically to synaptic sites on muscle fiber basal lamina. J Cell Biol 83 : 357-370, 1979.
PubMed
Sano I, Gamo T, Kakimoto Y, Taniguchi K, Takesada M and Nishimura K : Distribution of catechol compounds in human brain. Biochem Biophys Acta 32 : 586-587, 1959.
 
佐野豊 : 神経伝達物質の研究史 (1), アドレナリン発見への道程. ミクロスコピア 6 : 194-200, 1989.
 
佐野豊 : 神経伝達物質の研究史 (2), 伝達物質研究前史. ミクロスコピア 7 : 38-44, 1990.
 
佐野豊 : 神経伝達物質の研究史 (3), 化学的伝達の概念が誕生するまで. ミクロスコピア 7 : 90-95, 1990.
 
佐野豊 : 神経伝達物質の研究史 (4), 実証された化学伝達. ミクロスコピア 7 : 214-220, 1990.
 
佐野豊 : 神経伝達物質の研究史 (5), レヴィー・キャノン・デールの世界. ミクロスコピア 8 : 198-203, 1991.
 
佐野豊 : 神経伝達物質の研究史 (6), 新たな旗手フォン・オイラーを迎えて. ミクロスコピア 8 : 240-245, 1991.
 
佐野豊 : 神経伝達物質の研究史 (7), ニューロンがホルモンを分泌する. ミクロスコピア 10 : 100-106, 1993.
 
佐野豊 : 神経伝達物質の研究史 (8), 揺籃期の神経分泌研究. 榎並仁の業績に光を当てて. ミクロスコピア 10 : 244-249, 1993.
 
佐野豊 : 神経伝達物質の研究史 (9), 視床下部ペプタイドホルモンの発見 (1). ミクロスコピア 11 : 32-36, 1994.
Medical*Online
佐野豊 : 神経伝達物質の研究史 (10), 視床下部ペプタイドホルモンの発見 (2). ミクロスコピア 11 : 160-165, 1994.
 
Sano Y und Knoop A : Elektronenmikroskopische Untersunchungen am kaudalen neurosekretorischen System von Tinca vulgaris. Z Zellforsch 49 : 464-492, 1959.
 
Sano Y and Mashimo T : Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Epiphysis cerebri brim Hung. Z Zellforsch 69 : 129-139, 1966.
 
佐野豊・中川幸英・中本毅・前田勝 : 神経分泌核の組織学的研究. II. 犬の視索上核及び旁脳室核における細胞の大きさ, Nissl物質, Gomori物質の量的関係. 日組録 7 : 639-644, 1955.
 
Sano Y and Ueda S : Characteristic structures of serotonin neuron system. An immunohistochemical study. Histochemistry 88 : 497-500, 1988.
PubMed
Santini M : New fibers of sympathetic nature in the inner core region of Pacinian corpuscles. Brain Res 16 : 535-538, 1969.
PubMed
Santini M, Ibata Y and Pappas GD : The fine structure of the sympathetic axon within the Pacinian corpuscle. Brain Res 33 : 279-287, 1971.
PubMed
Sar M and Stunipf WE : Distribution of androgenconcentrating neurons in rat brain. In Anatomical Neuroendocrinology. Ed by WE Stumpf and LD Grant. S Karger, Basel, pp120-133, 1975.
 
Sasaki M, Kato S, Kohno K, Martin GR and Yamada Y : Sequence of the cDNA encoding the laminin BI chain reveals a multidomain protein containing cysteine-rich repeats. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 84 : 935-939, 1987.
 
Sato O, Maeda T, Kobayashi S, Iwanaga T, Fujita T and Takahashi Y : Innervation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp in the rat in cisor : An immunohistochemical investigation of neurofilament protein and glia-specific 5-100 protein. Cell Tissue Res 251 : 13-21, 1988.
 
Saurat J-H, Chavaz P, Carraux P and Didierjean L : A human monoclonal antibody reacting with Merkel cells : Immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, and immunoelectron microscopy. J Invest Dermatol 81 : 249-253, 1983.
PubMed
Saurat J-H, Merot Y, Didierjean L and Dahl D : Normal rabbit Merkel cells do not express neurofilament proteins. J Invest Dermatol 82 : 641-642, 1984.
 
Saxod R : Histogenese des corpuscules sensoriels cutanes chez le poulet et le canard : Arch Anat Micr Morphol Exper 56 : 153-166, 1967.
 
Saxod R : Etude au microscope electronique de l'histogenese du corpuscule sensoriel cutane de Grandry chez le canard. J Ultrastruct Res 32 : 477-496, 1970.
 
Saxod R : Etude au microscope electronique de l'histogenese du corpuscule sensoriel cutane de Herbst chez le canard. J Ultrastruct Res 33 : 463-492, 1970.
 
Saxod R : Embryologic experimentale. -Sur l'origine des differentes categories cellulaires du corpuscule de Herbst. CR Acad Sci, Paris 273 : 89-91, 1971.
 
Saxod R : Role du nerf et du territoire cutane dans le developpement des corpuscules de Herbst et de Grandry. J Embryol Exper Morphol 27 : 277-300, 1972.
 
Saxod R : Interactions morphogenes au course de l'histogenese du corpuscule de Herbst, etudiees a l'aide de transplantations heterochrones. J Embryol Exper Morphol 27 : 585-601, 1972.
 
Saxod R : Developmental origin of the Herbst cutaneous sensory corpuscle. Experimental analysis using cellular markers. Dev Biol 32 : 167-178, 1973.
PubMed
Saxod R : Les organites perinucleaires du corpuscule sensoriel cutane de Grandry. Organisation ultrastructurale et formation. Tissue Cell 5 : 269-280, 1973.
PubMed
Saxod R : Development of cutaneous sensory receptors in birds. In : Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol 19 Development of Sensory system. Ed by M Jacobson. Springer-Verlag, New York 1978.
 
Saxod R : Ultrastructure of Merkel corpuscles and so-called "transitional" cells in the White Leghorn chicken. Amer J Anat 151 : 453-474, 1978.
PubMed
Saxod R : Development of Merkel corpuscles in the chicken beak. The problem of their origin and identity. Biol Cell 37 : 61-66, 1980.
 
Saxod R and Sengel P : Sur les conditions de la differentiation des corpuscules sensorels cutanes le Poulet et le Canard. Compt Rend Acad Sci Paris 267 : 1149-1152, 1968.
 
Schacher SM, Holtzman E and Hood DC : Synaptic activity of frog retinal photoreceptors. A peroxidase uptake study. J Cell Biol 70 : 178-192, 1976.
 
Schadewald M : Effects of cutting the trochlear and abducens nerves on the end-bolbs about the cells of the corresponding nuclei. J Comp Neurol 74 : 239-246, 1941.
 
Schadewald M : Transsynaptic effect of neonatal axon section on bouton appearance about somatic motor cells. J Comp Neurol 77 : 739-746, 1942.
 
Schaeffer SF and Raviola E : Membrane recycling in the cone cell endings of the turtle retina. J Cell Biol 79 : 802-825, 1978.
PubMed
Schafer E : The structure of the Pacinian corpuscles considered with reference to the homologies of the several parts composing them. Quart J Micr Sci 15 : 135-141, 1875.
 
Schafer EA : Observations on the nervous system of Aurelia aurita. Phil Trans Roy Sue 169 : 563-575, 1879.
 
Schafer EA : The nerve cell, In : Text-Book of Physiology. Ed by EA Schafer. Vol 2, 592-615, Young J Pentland, Edinburgh and London, 1900.
 
Schalling M, Friberg K, Seroogy K, Riedorer P, Bird E, Schiffmann SN, Mailleax P, Vanderhaeghen JJ, Rugs S Goldstein M and Hokfelt T : Analysis of expression of cholecystokinin in dopamine cells in the ventral mesencephalon of several species and in humans with schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 : 8427-8431, 1990.
 
Schally AV, Arimura A, Baba Y, Nair RMG, Matsuo H, Redding TW, Debeljuk L and White WF : Isolation and properties of the FSH- and LH- releasing hormone. Biochem Biophys Res Common 43 : 393-399, 1971.
 
Schally AV, Arimura A and Kastin AJ : Hypothalamic regulatory hormones. Science 179 : 341-350, 1973.
PubMed
Schally AV, Redding TW, Bowers CY and Barrett JF : Isolation and properties of porcine thyrotropin-releasing hormone. J Biol Chem 244 : 4077-4088, 1969.
PubMed
Scharf J-H : Die markhaltigen Ganglienzellen und ihre Beziehung zu den myelogenetischen Theorien. Morphol Jb 91 : 187-252, 1951.
 
Scharrer E : Die Lichtempfindlichkeit blinder Elritzen. I. Untersuchungen uber das Zwischenhirn der Fische. Z Vergl Physiol 7 : 1-38, 1928.
 
Scheibel ME and Scheibe] AB : Some structural and functional substrates of development in young cats. Prog Brain Res 9 : 6-25, 1964.
 
Schiavo G, Benfenati F, Poulain B, Rossetto O, Polverino de Laureto P, DasGupta BR and Montecucco C : Tetanus and botulinum-B neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release by proteolytic cleavage of synaptobrevin. Nature 359 : 832-835, 1992.
PubMed
Schiebler W, Jahn R, Doucet J-P, Rothlein J and Greengard P : Characterization of synapsin 1 binding to small synaptic vesicles. J Biol Chem 261 : 8383-8390, 1986.
PubMed
Schild H : Adrenaline in the suprarenal medulla. J Physiol 79 : 455-469, 1933.
PubMed
Schimert J : Das Verhalten der Hinterwurzelkollateralen im Ruckenmark. Z Anat Entw-gesch 109 : 665-687, 1939.
 
Schmid SL and Rothman JE : Enzymatic dissociation of clathrin in a two-stage process. J Biol Chem 260 : 10044-10049, 1985.
 
Schmidt HHHW, Gagne GD, Nakane M, Pollock JS, Miller MF and Murad F : Mapping of neural nitric oxide synthase in the rat suggests frequent co-localization with NADPH diaphorase but not with soluble guanylyl cyclase, and novel paraneural functions for nitrinergic signal transduction. J Histochem Cytochem 40 : 1439-1456, 1992.
 
Schmidt HHHW, Klein MM, Niroomand F and Bohme E : Is arginine a physiological precursor of endothelium-derived nitric oxide? Ear J Pharmacol 148 : 293-295, 1988.
 
Schmidt HHHW, Lohmann SL and Walter U : The nitric oxide and cGMP signal transduction system : regulation and mechanism of action. Biochem Biophys Acta 1178 : 153-175, 1993.
 
Schmidt HHHW, Pollock JS, Nakane M, Forstermann U and Murad F : Ca2+/calmodulinregulated nitric oxide synthases. Cell Calcium 13 : 427-434, 1992.
 
Schmidt HHHW, Pollock JS, Nakane M, Gorsky LD, Forstermann U and Murad F : Purification of a soluble isoform of guanylyl cyclase-activatingfactor synthase. Proc Natt Acad Sci USA 88 : 365-369, 1991.
 
Schmiedeberg O und Harnack E : Ueber die Synthese des Muscarins and Uber muscarinartig wirkende Ammoniumbasen. Arch Exper Pathol Pharmakol 6 : 101-112, 1877.
 
Schmiedeberg O and Koppe R : Das Muscarin. Vogel, Leipzig, 1869.
 
Schmitt FO : The ultrastructure of protoplasmic constituents. Physiol Rev 19 : 270-302, 1939.
 
Schneider SP and Perl ER : Selective excitation of neurons in the mammalian spinal dorsal horn by aspartate and glutamate in vitro : correlation with location and excitatory input. Brain Res 360 : 339-343, 1985.
PubMed
Schoultz TW and Swett JE : Fine structure of Golgi tendon organs in the cat Physiologist 14 : 226, 1971.
 
Schoultz TW and Swett JE : The fine structure of the Golgi tendon organ. J Neurocytol 1 : 1-26, 1972.
PubMed
Schoultz TW and Swett JE : Ultrastructural organization of the sensory fibers innervating the Golgi tendon organ. Anat Rec 179 : 147-162, 1974.
PubMed
Schultz RL, Maynard EA and Pease DC : Electron microscopy of neurons and neuroglia of cerebral cortex and corpus callosum. Amer J Anat 100 : 369-407, 1957.
PubMed
Schumacher S v : Uber das Glomus coccygeum des Menschen and die Glomeruli caudales der Saugetiere. Arch Mikr Anat 71 : 58-115, 1908.
 
Schumacher S v : Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Baues und der Funktion der Lamellenkerperchen. Arch Mikr Anat 77 : 157-193, 1911.
 
Schuman EM and Madison DV : A requirement for the intracellular messenger nitric oxide in longterm potentiation. Science 254 : 1503-1506, 1991.
 
Schwann T : Mikroskopische Untersuchungen uber die Uebereinstimmung in der Struktur and dem Wachstum der Thiere and Pflanzen. Sandersche Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1839. (Translat by H Smith : Microscopical Researchers into the Accordance in the Structure and Growth of Animals and Plants. Sydenham Society, London, 1847).
 
Schwartz IR : Axonal endings in the cat medial superior olive : coated vesicles and intercellular substance. Brain Res 46 : 187-202, 1972.
PubMed
Schwartz JC : Histamine as a transmitter in brain. Life Sci 17 : 503-518, 1975.
PubMed
Schwartz JC : Histaminergic mechanisms in brain. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 17 : 325-339, 1977.
 
Schwartz JC : Minireview : histamine receptors in brain. Life Sci 25 : 895-912, 1979.
PubMed
Schwartz JC, Pollard H and Quach TT : Histamine as a transmitter in mammalian brain : neurochemical evidence. J Neurochem 35 : 26-33, 1980.
 
Schwartz JH : Synaptic vesicles. In : Principles of Neural Science. Ed by ER Kandel, JH Schwartz and TM Jessell. Prentice-Hall International Inc, USA, 3rd Edit, pp 225-234, 1991.
 
Scott FH : On the metabolism and action of nerve cells. Brain 28 : 506-526, 1905.
 
Scott SA, Cooper E and Diamond J : Merkel cells as targets of the mechanosensory nerves in salamander skin. Proc Rey Sue (Lond) 211 : 453-470, 1981.
 
Sedman GL, Jaffrey PL, Austin L and Rostas JAP : The metabolic turnover of the major proteins of the postsynaptic density. Mol Brain Res 1 : 221-230, 1986.
 
Seitanidou T, Triller A and Korn If Distribution of glycine receptors on the membrane of a central neuron : an immunoelectron microscopy study. J Neurosci 8 : 4319-4333, 1988.
PubMed
Senda T, Ochiai H, Nakai Y and Fujita H : Immunocytochemical localization of synaptophysin (protein p38) and synapsin 1 in nerve terminals of tat neurohypophysis. Arch Histol Cytol 54 : 233-240, 1991.
 
Setalo G and Szekely G : The presence of membrane specialization indicative of somatodendritic synaptic junctions in the optic tectum of the frog. Exper Brain Res 4 : 237-242, 1967.
 
瀬戸八郎 : 人の知覚. 医学書院, 東京, 1957.
 
Seto H : Studies on the Sensory Innervation (Human Sensibility). Igaku Shoin Ltd. Tokyo, 1963.
 
Sfameni P : Gli organi nervosi terminali del Ruffini ed i corpuscol : del Pacini studiati nelle piante e nei polpastrelli del cane, del gatto e delta scimmia. Bull R Accad Sci Torino 2 : 64-80, 1900.
 
Shantha TR and Bourne GH : The perineural epithelium-A new concept. In : The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue. Ed by GH Bourne. Academic Press, New York, Vol 1, pp 379-459, 1968.
 
Shanthaveerappa TR and Bourne GH : Histochemical studies of Vater-Pacini corpuscles. Amer J Anat 118 : 462-470, 1966.
 
Shapovalov AI : Interneuronal synapses with electrical, dual and chemical mode of transmission in vertebrates. Brain Res 5 : 1113-1124, 1980.
 
Sheeran D : The climical significance of the nerve endings in the mesentery. Lancet 1 : 409-412, 1933.
 
Shepherd GM : The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. Oxford Univ Press, New York. pp175, 1979.
 
Shepherd GM : Introduction : the nerve impluse and the nature of nervous function. In : Neurones without Impulses. Ed by A Roberts and BMH Busch, Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp1-27, 1981.
 
Shepherd GM : Synaptic and impulse loci in olfactory bulb dendritic circuit. In : Neurones without Impulses. Ed by A Roberts and BMH Busch. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp255-267, 1981.
 
Sherrington CS : On the anatomical constitution of nerves on skeletal muscles : with remarks on recurrent fibres in the ventral spinal nerve roots. J Physicl 17 : 211-258, 1894.
 
Sherrington CS : Further note on sensory nerves of muscles. Proc Roy Soc (Lend) Set 60 : 247-249, 1897.
 
Sherrington CS : The central nervous system. In : A Text Book of Physiology. Ed by M Foster. Macmillan and Co. Ltd, 7th ed. (Vol 3), 1897.
 
Sherrington CS : The spinal cord. In : Text-Book of Physiology. Ed by EA Sch9fer. Vol 2, 782-883, Young J Pentland, Edinburgh and London, 1900.
 
Sherrington CS : Integrative Action of the Nervous System. Charles Scriber's Sons, New York and Archibald constable & Co Ltd, London 1906. この書は再版を繰り返し, Yale Univ Press, New Haven and London, 1961が新しい.
 
Sherrington CS : Reciprocal innervation of antagonistic muscles. Thirteenth note. On the antagonism between reflex inhibition and reflex excitation. Proc Roy Soc, B 80 : 565-578, 1908.
 
Sherrington CS : Remarks on some aspects of reflex inhibition. Proc Roy Soc, B 97 : 519-545, 1925.
 
Sherrington CS : Sir Edward Sharpey-Schafer and his contributions to neurology. (Sharpey-Schafer Memorial Lecture), Edinb Med J 42 : 393-406, 1935.
 
Shibuki K and Okada D : Endogenous nitric oxide release reqired for long-term synaptic depression in the cerebellum. Nature 349 : 326-328, 1991.
 
Shinmi O, Kimura S, Yoshizawa T, Sawamura T, Uchiyama Y, Sugita Y, Kanazawa L Yanagisawa M, Goto K and Masaki T : Presence of endothelin-1 in porcine spinal cord : isolation and sequence determination. Biochem Biophys Res Common 162 : 340-346, 1989.
 
Sidman R, Abduct M and Lynch G : Ontogeny, compartmentation, turnover of spectrin isoforms in rat central neurons. J Neurosci 7 : 55-64. 1987.
 
Siegelbaum SA and Koester J : Ion channels. In : Principles of Neural Science. Ed by ER Kandel, JH Schwartz and TM Jessell. Prentice-Hall International Inc., London, Third Edit, pp66-79, 1991.
 
Siegesmund KA, Sances A and Larson SJ : Effects of electroanesthesia on synaptic ultrastructure. J Neurol Sci 9 : 89-96, 1969.
PubMed
Siekevitz P : The postsynaptic density : a possible role in the long-lasting effects in the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 : 3494-3498, 1985.
 
Silva AJ, Stevens CF, Tonegawa S and Wong Y : Deficient hippocampal long-term potentiation in α-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice. Science 257 : 201-206, 1992.
 
Simaro L : Nuevo metodo histol6gico de impregnation por las sales fotograficas de plata. Rev trim Micrograf. Madrid 5 : 45-71, 1900.
 
Simpson I, Rose B and Loewenstein WR : Size limit of molecules permeating the junctional membrane channels. Science 195 : 294-296. 1977.
PubMed
Sinclair DC : Cutaneous Sensation. Oxford Univ Press, New York, pp35-80, 1967.
 
Sinclair DC : Normal anatomy of sensory nerves and receptors. In : The Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Skin. Ed by A Jarrett. Academic Press, New York, pp348-402, 1973.
 
Sinclair DC, Weddell G and Feindel WH : Referred pain and associated phenomena. Brain 71 : 184-211, 1948.
PubMed
Sirevaag AM and Greenough WT : Differential rearing effects on rat visual cortex synapses. II. Synaptic morphology. Dev Brain Res 19 : 215-226, 1985.
 
Sjostrand FS : Ultrastructure of retinal rod synapses of guinea pig eye. J Appl Physics 24 : 1422-1423, 1953.
 
Sjostrand FS : Ultrastructure of retinal rod synapses of guinea-pig eye as revealed by three dimensional reconstructions from serial sections. J Ultrastruct Res 2 : 122-170, 1958.
PubMed
Sjostrand FS : Electron microscopy of the retina. In : The Structure of the Eye. Ed by GK Smelser. Academic Press, New York, pp1-28, 1961.
 
Sloper JJ : Dendro-dendritic synapses in the primate motor cortex. Brain Res 34 : 186-192, 1971.
PubMed
Sloper JJ : Gap junction between dendrites in the primate neocortex. Brain Res 44 : 641-646, 1972.
PubMed
Sloper JJ and Powell TPS : Gap junctions between dendrites and somata of neurons in primate sensori-motor cortex. Proc Roy Soc. Set B 203 : 39-47, 1978.
 
Smirnow A : Uber die sensiblen Nervenendigungen im Herzen bei Amphibien and Saugetieren. Anat Anz 10 : 737-749, 1895.
 
Smith CA and Sjostrand FS : A synaptic structure in the hair cells of the guinea-pig cochlea. J Ultrastruct Res 5 : 184-192, 1961.
 
Smith IE and Moskowitz N : Ultrastructure of layer IV of the primary auditory cortex of the squirrel monkey. Neuroscience 4 : 349-359, 1979.
 
Smith KR : The effect of denervation on Merkel cells in Haarscheiben of rats. The Physiologist 9 : 288-289. 1966.
 
Smith KR : The structure and function of the Haarscheibe. J Comp Neurol 131 : 459-474, 1967.
PubMed
Smith KR : The ultrastructure of the human Haarscheibe and Merkel cell. J Invest Dermatol 54 : 150-159, 1970.
PubMed
Smith RS : Properties of intrafusal muscle fibres. In : Muscular Afferents and Motor Control. Ed by R Granit. Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm, pp69-80, 1966.
 
Smith RS : The short-term accumulation of axonally transported organelles in the region of localized lesions of single myelinated axons. J Neurocytol 9 : 39-65, 1980.
PubMed
Smith WL and Borgeat P : The eicosanoids prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, and hydroxyeicosanoic acids. In : Biochemistry of Lipids and Membranes. Ed by DE Vance and JE Vance. Benjamin-Cummings, Menlo Park CA, pp 325-360, 1985.
 
Smullin DH, Skilling SR and Larson AA : Interactions between substance P, calcitonin gene related peptide, taurine and excitatory amino acids in the spinal cord. Pain 42 : 93-101, 1990.
PubMed
Sneddon P and Westfall DP : Pharmacological evidence that adenosine triphosphate and noradrenaline are co-transmitters in the guinea pig vas deferens. J Physiol 347 : 561-580. 1984.
PubMed
Snyder RL : ZIO staining of degenerating dorsal roots in spinal cords of cats. Anat Rec 175 : 446-447, 1973.
 
Snyder SH : Brain peptides as neurotransmitters. Science 209 : 976-983, 1980.
PubMed
Soares-de-Silva P and Azevedo I : Fibroblasts and sympathetic innervation of blood vessels. Blood Vessels 22 : 278-285, 1985.
 
Soffer D and Raine CS : Morphologic analysis of axoglial membrane in the demyelinated central nervous system. Brain Res 186 : 301-313, 1980.
PubMed
Sommer B, Keinanen K, Verdoorn TA, Wisden W, Burnashev N, Herb A, Kohler M, Takagi T, Sakmann B and Seeburg PH : Flip and flop : A cell-specific functional switch in glutamateoperated channels of the CNS. Science 249 : 1580-1585, 1990.
PubMed
Somogyi P : A specific axo-axonal neuron in visual cortex of the rat. Brain Res 136 : 345-350, 1977.
 
Somogyi P : An interneuron making synapses specifically on the axon initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex. J Physiol 296 : 18-19, 1979.
 
Somogyi P, Halasy K, Somogyi J, Storm-Mathisen J and Ottersen OP : Qualification of immunogold labeling reveals enrichment of glutamate in mossy and parallel fibre terminals in cat cerebellum. Neuroscience 19 : 1045-1050, 1986.
 
Somogyi P, Hodgson AJ, Chubb IW, Penke B and Erdei A : Antisera to y-aminobutyric acid. II. Immunocytochemical application to the central nervous system. J Histochem Cytochem 33 : 240-248, 1985.
 
Somogyi P, Priestley JV, Cuello AC, Smith AD and Takagi H : Synaptic connections of enkephalinreactive nerve terminals in the neostriatum : A correlative light and electron microscopic study. J Neurocytol 11 : 779-807, 1982.
 
Sossin WS, Sweet CA and Scheller RH : Dale's hypothesis revisited : different neuropeptides derived from a common prohormone are targeted to different processes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 : 4845-4848, 1990.
 
Sotelo C : Permanence of postsynaptic specializations in the frog sympathetic ganglion cells after denervation. Exper Brain Res 6 : 294-305, 1968.
 
Sotelo C : General features of the synaptic organization in the central nervous system. In : Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Vol 13, Chemistry and Brain Development. Ed by R Paoletti and AN Davison. Plenum Press, New York, pp239-280, 1971.
 
Sotelo C, Gotow T and Wassef M : Localization of glutamic-acid-dec arboxy lase- immunoreactive axon terminals in the inferior olive of the rat, with special emphasis on anatomical relations between GABA synapses and dendrodendritic gap junctions. J Comp Neurol 252 : 32-50, 1986.
 
Sotelo C and Grotova I : Ultrastructural features of neurons and synapses in the spinal cord. In : Frog Neurobiology. Ed by R Llinas and W Precht. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp707-727, 1976.
 
Sotelo C and Korn H : Morphological correlates of electrical and other interactions through lowresistance pathways between neurons of the vertebrate central nervous system. Int Rev Cytol 55 : 67-107, 1978.
PubMed
Sotelo C and Llinas R : Specialized membrane junctions between neurons in the vertebrate cerebellar cortex. J Cell Biol 53 : 271-289, 1972.
PubMed
Sotelo C, Llinas R and Baker R : Structural study of inferior olivary nucleus of the cat. Morphological correlates of electrotonic coupling. J Neurophysiol 37 : 541-559, 1974.
PubMed
Sotelo C and Palay SL : Synopses avec des contacts efroits (fight junctions) das le noyau vestibulaire lateral du rat. J Microscopic. 6 : 83a, 1967.
 
Sotelo C and Palay SL : The fine structure of the lateral vestibular nucleus in the rat. I. Neurons and neuroglial cells. J Cell Biol 36 : 151-179, 1968.
 
Sotelo C and Palay SL : The fine structure of the lateral vestibular nucleus in the rat. II. Synaptic organization. Brain Res 18 : 93-115, 1970.
 
Sotelo C and Taxi J : Ultrastructural aspects of electrotonic junction in the spinal cord of the frog. Brain Res 17 : 137-141, 1970.
PubMed
Spassova L : Ultrastructural relationship between the receptor nerve fiber and surrounding lamellae in Krause end-bulbs. Acta Anat 109 : 360-368, 1981.
 
Speidel CC : Gland-cells of internal secretion in the spinal cord of the skates. Papers Dept Marine Biol Carnegie lost 13 : 1-31, 1919.
 
Spencer PS and Schaumburg HH : An ultrastructural study of the inner core of the Pacinian corpuscle. J Neurocytol 2 : 217-235, 1973.
PubMed
Spiess J, Rivier J and Vale W : Characterization of rat hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor. Nature 303 : 532-535, 1983.
PubMed
Spira ME and Bennett MVL : Synaptic control of electrotonic coupling between neurons. Brain Res 37 : 294 300, 1972.
 
Srinivasan Y, Elmer L, Davis J, Bennett V and Angelides G : Ankyrin and spectrin associate with voltage-dependent sodium channels in brain. Nature 333 : 177-180, 1988.
 
Stadler II and Dowe GHC : Identification of a heparan sulfate-containing proteoglycan as a specific core component of cholinergic synaptic vesicles from Torpedo marmorata. EMBO J 1 : 1381 1384, 1982.
 
Starke K : Regulation of noradrenaline release by presynaptic receptor systems. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 77 : 1-124, 1977.
PubMed
Starling EH : On the chemical correlation of the functions of the body. Croonian Lectures at the Royal College of Physicians. Lancet 2 : 339-341, 423-425, 501-503 and 579-583, 1905.
 
Stehle RL and Ellsworth HC : Dihydroxyphenyl ethanolamine (arterenol) as a possible sympathetic hormone. J Pharmacol 59 : 114-121, 1937.
 
Stelzner DJ : The relationship between synaptic vesicles, Golgi apparatus, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum a developmental study using the zinc iodide-osmium technique. Z Zellforsch 120 : 332-345, 1971.
PubMed
Sterling P : A light and electron microscopic study of the superficial gray of the cat superior colliculus. Anat Rec 166 : 383, 1970.
 
Sternberger LA : Immunohistochemistry. Prentice Hall Englewoods Cliffs. New Jersey, 1974.
 
Sternberger LA : What is brain? An immunocytochemical neuroendocrine approach. Acta Histochem Cytochem 13 : 66-70, 1980.
 
Stevens CF : Ion channels : Making a submicroscopic hole in one. Nature 349 : 657-658, 1991.
PubMed
Steward FC, Thompson JF and Dent CE : γ-Aminobutyric acid. A constituent of the potato tuber. Science 110 : 439-440, 1949.
 
Stewart WW : Functional connections between cells as revealed by dyecoupling with a highly fluorescent naphthalimide tracer. Cell 14 : 741-759, 1978.
PubMed
Stewart WW : Luciffer dyes-highly fluorescent dyes for biological tracing. Nature 292 : 17-21, 1981.
 
Stiles GL, Caron MG and Lefkowitz RJ : Beta-adrenergic receptors : biochemical mechanisms of physiological regulation. Physiol Rev 64 : 661-743, 1984.
PubMed
Stohr Ph : Das periphere Nervensystem. In : Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomic des Menschen. Herausg von W von Mollendorff. Bd IV, Teil 1, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 5208-448, 1928.
 
Stithr Ph jr : Mikroskopische Anatomic des vegetativen Nervensystems. In : Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen. Herausg von MSllendorff-Bargmann, Bd IV, Teil 5, 678S. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Gottingen-Heidelberg 1957.
 
Stolz F : Ueber Adrenalin and Alkylaminoacetobrenzcatechin. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 37 : 4149-4154, 1904.
 
Storm-Mathisen J, Leknes AK, Bore AT, Vaaland JL, Edminson P, Haug F-MS and Ottersen OP : First visualization of glutamate and GABA in neurones by immunocytochemistry. Nature 301 : 517-520, 1983.
 
Strasmann T, Halata Z and Loo SK : Topography and ultrastructure of sensory nerve endings in the joint capsule of the kowai (Dasymides hyrnei), an Australian marsupial. Anat Embryol 176 : 1-12, 1987.
 
Stroud RM and Finer-Moore J : Acetylcholine receptor structure, function and evolution. Annu Rev Cell Biel 1 : 317-351, 1985.
 
Stuart DG, Goslow GE, Mosher CG and Reinking RM : Stretch responsiveness of Golgi tendon organs. Exper Brain Res 10 : 463-476, 1970.
 
Stuehr DJ, Kwon NS, Nathan CF and Griffith OW : New hydroxy-t-arginine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nitric oxide from L-arginine J Biol Chem 266 : 6259-6263, 1991.
 
Stuehr DJ and Marietta MA : Mammalian nitrate biosynthesis : mouse macrophages produce nitrite and nitrate in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 : 7738-7742, 1985.
 
Stumpf WE : Estrogen neurons in the periventricular brain. Amer J Anat 129 : 207-218, 1970.
PubMed
Stumpf WE : The brain : An endocrine gland and hormone target. In : Anatomical Neuroendocrinology. Ed by WE Stumpf and LD Grant. S Karger, Basel, pp2-8, 1975.
 
Stumpf WE and Sar M : Hormone architecture of the mouse brain with 3H-estradiol. In : Anatomical Neuroendocrinology. Ed by WE Stumpf and LD Grant. S Karger, Basel, pp82-103, 1975.
 
Stumpf WE and Sar M : Steroid hormone target cells in periventricular brain : relationship to peptide hormone producing cells. Fed Proc 36 : 1973-1977, 1977.
PubMed
Stumpf WE and Sar M : Anatomical distribution of estrogen, androgen, progestin, corticosteroid and thyroid hormone target sites in the brain of mammals : Phylogeny and ontogeny. Amer J Zool 18 : 435-445, 1978.
 
Stumpf WE, Sar M and Keefer DA : Atlas of estrogen target cells in rat brain. In : Anatomical Neuroendocrinology. Ed by WE Stumpf and LD Grant. S Karger, Basel, pp104-119, 1975.
 
Sudhof TC : The structure of the human synapsin I gene and protein. J Biol Chem 265 : 7849-7852, 1990.
 
Sudhof TC, Czermik AJ, Kao H-T, Takei K, Johnston PA, Horiuchi A, Kanazir SD, Wagner MA, Perin MS, DeCamilli P and Greengard P : Synapsins : Mosaics of shared and individual domains in a family of synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins. Science 245 : 1474-1480, 1989.
 
Sudhof TC and Jahn R : Proteins of synaptic vesicles involved in exocytosis and membrane recycling. Neuron 6 : 665-677, 1991.
PubMed
Sudoh T, Kanagawa K, Minamino N and Matsuo II : A new natriuretic peptide in porcine brain. Nature 332 : 78-81, 1988.
 
Sundstrom E, Archer T, Melander T and Hokfelt T : Galanin impairs acquisition but not retrieval of spatial memory in rats studied in the Morris swimmaze. Neurosci Lett 88 : 331-335, 1988.
PubMed
Sussman JL, Hare] M, Frolow F, Oefner C, Goldman A, Toker L and Silman I : Atomic structure of acytylcholinesterase from Torpedo californica : a prototypic acetylcholine-binding protein. Science 253 : 872-878, 1991.
 
Sutton AC : On the development of the neuromuscular spindle in the extrinsic eye muscle of the pig. Amer J Anat 18 : 117-144, 1915.
 
Suzuki H and Kurosumi K : Fine structure of the cutaneous nerve endings in the mole snout, Arch Histol Jap 34 : 35-50, 1972.
PubMed
Suzuki K : Histochemical studies on cholinesterase in Pacinian corpuscles. Arch Jap Chir 27 : 1055-1062, 1958.
 
Suzuki K : Histochemical study on cholinesterase in Pacinian corpuscles. Arch Jap Chir 28 : 2643-2655, 1959.
 
Swanson LW : Neuropeptides-new vistas on synaptic transmission. Trends Neurosci 6 : 294-295, 1983.
 
Swanson LW, Sawchenko PE and Lind RW : Regulation of multiple peptides in CRF parvocellular neurosecretory neurons : implications for the stress response. Prog Brain Res 68 : 169-190, 1986.
PubMed
Swett JE and Eldred E : Distribution and numbers of stretch receptors in medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the cat. Anat Rec 137 : 453-460, 1960.
 
Szabo T and Wersall J : Ultrastructure of an electroreceptor (Mormyomast) in a mormyoid fish, Guathonemus petersii. II. J Ultrastruct Res 30 : 473-490, 1970.
 
Szamier RB : Enzymatic digestion of presynaptic structures in electroreceptors. Amer J Anat 139 : 567-574, 1974.
PubMed
Szentagothai J : Anatomical aspects of junctional transmission. In : Information Processing in the Nervous System. Ed by RW Gerard and JW Duyff. Intern. Congr Series no49, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp119-136, 1962.
 
Szentagothai J : Glomerular synapses, complex synaptic arrangements and their operational significance. In : The Neurosciences, a Second Study Program. Ed by FO Schmitt, GC Quarton, T Melnechuck and G Adelman. Rockefeller University Press, New York, pp427-443, 1970.
 
Szymonowicz W : Terminasions des nerfs dans les poils tactiles des souris blanches. Anz Akad Wiss in Krakau 1891 : 287-288.
 
Szymonowicz W : Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Net venendigungen in Hautgebilden. Uher Bau and Entwicklung der Nervenendigungen in der Schnauze des Schweines. Arch Mikr Anat 14 : 624-635, 1895.
 
Szymonowicz W : Uber den Bau and die Entwicklung der Nervenendigungen im Entenschnabal. Arch Mikr Anat 48 : 329 358, 1897.
 
Tachibana T, Ishizeki K and Sakakura Y : Distinct types of encapsulated sensory corpuscles in the oral mucosa of the dog : Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. Anat Rec 217 : 90-98, 1987.
PubMed
Tachibana T and Nawa T : Merkel cell differentiation in the labial mucous epithelium of the rabbit. J Anat 131 : 145-155, 1980.
 
Tachibana T, Sakakura Y, Ishizeki K, Iida S and Nawa T : Migration of Merkel cells in the labial mucous epithelium of adult rabbits following mental nerve resection. Cell Tissue Res 223 : 659-664, 1982.
PubMed
Tachibana T, Sakakura Y, Ishizeki K, Iida S and Nawa T : An experimental study of the influence of sensory nerve fibers on Merkel cell differentiation in the labial mucosa of the rabbit. Arch Histol Jap 46 : 469-477, 1983.
PubMed
Tachibana T, Sakakura Y, Ishizeki K and Nawa T : Nerve endings in the vermilion border and mucosal areas of the rat lip. Arch Histol Jap 50 : 73-85, 1987.
PubMed
Tagliani G : Le fibre del Mauthner net midollo spinale dei vertebrate inferiors (anamni). Arch Zool 2 : 385-437, 1905.
 
Takahashi K and Hama K : Some observations on the fine structure of the synaptic area in the ciliary ganglion of the chick. Z Zellforsch 67 : 174-184, 1965.
PubMed
Takahashi T, Konishi S, Powell D, Leeman SE and Otsuka M : Identification of the motoneurondepolarizing peptide in bovine dorsal root as hypothalamic substance P. Brain Res 73 : 59-69, 1974.
PubMed
Takahashi T and Otsuka M : Regional distribution of substance P in the spinal cord and nerve roots of the cat and the effect of dorsal root section. Brain Res 87 : 1-11, 1975.
 
Takahashi-Iwanaga H : Reticular endings of Purkinje cell axons in the rat cerebellar nuclei : Scanning electron microscopic observation of the pericellular plexus of Cajal. Arch Hist Cytol 55 : 307-314, 1992.
 
Takami K, Kawai Y, Shiosaka S, Lee Y, Girgis S, Hillyard CJ, Maclntyre 1, Emson PC and Tohyama M : Immunohistochemical evidence for the coexistence of calcitonin gene related peptide -and choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity in neurons of the rat hypoglossal, facial and ambiguus nuclei. Brain Res 328 : 386-389, 1985.
 
Takami K, Kawai Y, Uchida S, Tohyama M, Shiotani Y, Yoshida H, Emson PC, Girgis S, Hillyard CJ and Maclntyre I : Effect of calcitonin-gene related peptide on contraction of striated muscle in the mouse. Neurosci Lett 60 : 227-230, 1985.
 
Takamine J : The blood pressure-raising principle of the suprarenal gland-a preliminary report. Therap Gaz Detroit 16 : 221-224, 1901.
 
Takamine J : Adrenalin, the active principle of the suprarenal gland. Amer J Pharmacy 73 : 523-531, 1901.
 
Takamine J : The blood pressure raising principle of the suprarenal gland. J Amer Med Assoc 38 : 153-155, 1902.
 
Takamine J : Adrenalin-The active principle of the suprarenal gland. Scotish Med Surg j 10 : 131 -138, 1902.
 
Takamine J : The isolation of the active principle of the suprarenal gland. J Physiol 27, Proc Physiol Soc 29-30, 1902.
 
Takashi M : On the development of the complex pattern of Pacinian corpuscle distributed in the human retroperitoneum. Anat Rec 128 : 665-678, 1957.
PubMed
Takashi M, Sakai I and Usizima H : On the terminal neural apparatus detectable in the retroperitoneum of man. -A complex pattern of Pacinian corpuscle. Anat Rec 122 : 17-38, 1955.
 
竹友重信 : ホ乳類・視床下部後葉系の電子顕微鏡的研究. 補遺. 京府医大誌 76 : 741-754, 1967.
 
Takeuchi A and Takeuchi N : Iontophoretic application of gamma-aminobutyric acid crayfish muscle. Nature 203 : 1074-1075, 1964.
PubMed
Tallan HH, Moore S and Stein WH : Studies on the free amino acids and related compounds in the tissue of the cat. J Biol Chem 211 : 927-939, 1954.
 
Tamiya M : Histological studies on the hypothalamic neurosecretory system. VI. Cytological findings on the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells of dog. Arch Histol lap 13 : 331-344, 1957.
 
Tamiya M : Neurosecretory system in experimental condition. IV. Cytological findings on the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells of the experimentally dehydrated dog. Arch Histol Jap 13 : 345-354, 1957.
 
田宮三代三・井本昭雄・高橋誠一郎 : 実験的条件下における神経分泌t. II. 実験的渇状態 (犬) における神経分泌所見, 特にその定量的観察. 日組録 10 : 181-192, 1956.
 
Tanaka K, Masu M and Nakanishi S : Structure and functional expression of the cloned rat neurotensin receptor. Neuron 4 : 847-854, 1990.
PubMed
Tatemoto K, Carlquist M and Mutt V : Neuropeptide Y-a novel brain peptide with structural similarities to peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide. Nature 296 : 659-660, 1982.
PubMed
Tatemoto K and Mutt V : Neuropeptide Y, peptide HI, glanin, cholecystokinin-58, neuropeptide K, and peptide YY. In : Gastrointestinal Hormones. Ed by V Mutt. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 421-437, 1988.
 
Tatemoto K, Rokaeus A, Jornvall H, McDonald TJ and Mutt V : Galanin-a novel biologically active peptide from porcine intestine. FEBS Lett 164 : 124-128, 1983.
PubMed
Tatsuoka H, Kadota T and Kono K : Postsynaptic arch in the frog neuromuscular junction : paramembranous protuberances coating the inner surface of the postjunctional membrane. J Neurocytol 17 : 87-94, 1988.
PubMed
Tatsuoka H and Reese TS : New structural featunes of synapses in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus prepared by direct freezing and freezesubstitution. J Comp Neurol 290 : 343-357, 1989.
PubMed
Tauc L : Are vesicles necessary for release of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses? Biochem Pharmacol 27 : 3493-3498, 1979.
 
Taxi J : Etude de l'ultrastructure des zones synaptiques dans les ganglions sympathiques de Grenouille. CR Acad Set, Paris 252 : 174-176, 1961.
 
Taxi J : Etude, au microscope electronique, de l'innervation do muscle lisse intestinal, comparee a celle de quelques autres muscles lisses de mammiferes. Arch Biol (Liege) 75 : 301-328, 1964.
 
Taxi J : Etude de certainos synapses interneuronales du systeme nerveux autonome. Acta Neuroveg 26 : 360-370, 1964.
 
Taxi J : Contribution a l'etude des connexions des neurones moteurs du svsteme nerveux autonome. Ann Sci Nat Zool 7 : 413-674, 1965.
 
Taxi J : Observations on the ultrastructure of the ganglionic neurons and synapses of the frag, Rana exculenta L. In : The Neuron. Ed by H Hyden. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp221-254, 1967.
 
Taxi J : Morphological and cytochemical studies on the synapses in the autonomic nervous system. Prog Brain Res 31 : 5-20, 1969.
PubMed
Taxi J et Droz B : Etude de l'incorporation de noradrenaline-3H (NA-3H) et de 5-hydroxytryptophane-3H (5HTP-3H) dans les fibres nerveuses du canal deferens et de lintestin. CR Acad Sci〔D〕263 : 1237-1240, 1966.
 
Taxi J et Droz B : Etude de l'incorporation de noradrenaline-3H (NA-3H) et de 5-hydroxytryptophane-3H (5-HTP-3H) dans l'epiphyse et le ganglion cervical superieur. CR Acad Sci〔D〕263 : 1326-1329, 1966.
 
Taylor KM : Brain histamine. In : Handbook of Psychopharmacology. Ed by LL Iverson, SD Iverson and Snyder SH. Plenum Press, New York, Vol 3, pp 327-379, 1975.
 
Taylor KM and Snyder SH : Isotope microassay of histamine, histidine, histidine decarboxylase, and histamine methyltransferase in brain tissue. J Neurochem 19 : 1343-1358, 1972.
 
Tello JF : Genesis de los terminaciones nerviosas motrices y censitivas. I. En el sistema locomotor de Ins vertebrados superiores. Histogenesis muscular. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 15 : 101-199, 1917.
 
Tello JF : Les differenciations neuronales dans l'embryon des poulet pendent les premiers jours de l'incubation. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 21 : 1-93, 1922.
 
Tello JF : Die Entstehung der motorischen und sensiblen Nervenendigungen. I. In dem lokomotorischen System der hoheren Wirbeltiere. Muskulare Histogenese. Z Anat Entw-gesch 64 : 348-440, 1922.
 
Tews JK, Carter SH, Roa PD and Stone WE : Free amino acids and related compounds in dog brain : Post mortem and anoxic changes, effects of ammonium chloride infusion and levels during seizures induced by picrotoxin and by pentylene tetrazol. J Neurochem 10 : 641-653, 1963.
 
Tews JK and Lovell RA : The effect of nutritional pyridoxine deficiency of free amino acids and related substances in mouse brain. J Neurochem 14 : 1-7, 1967.
 
Thaemert JC : Ultrastructural interrelationships of nerve processes and smooth muscle cells in three dimensions. J Cell Biol 28 : 37-49, 1966.
PubMed
Thaemert JC : Ultrastructure of cardiac muscle and nerve contiguities. J Cell Biol 29 : 156-162, 1966.
PubMed
Theodosis DT, Dreifuss JJ, Harris M and Orci L : Secretion related uptake of horseradish peroxi-dase in neurohypophysial axons. J Cell Biol 70 : 294-303, 1976.
 
Theron JJ, Biagio R, Meyer AC and Boekkooi S : Microfilaments, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and synaptic ribbon fields in the pinealocytes of the baboon (Papio uninus). Amer J Anat 154 : 151-162, 1977.
 
Thin G : Uber den Bau der Tastkorperchen. S. B. Akad Wiss Wien 111/67 : 130-134, 1873.
 
Thin G : On the structure of the tactile corpuscles. J Anat 7 : 30-38, 1874.
 
Thoma R : Ueber die Abhangigkeit der Bindegewebsneubildung in der Arterienintima von den mechanischen Bedingungen des Blutumlaufes. Virchows Arch Pathol anat 95 : 294-336, 1884.
 
Thomas E and Pearse AGE : The solitary active cells. Histochemical demonstration of damageresistant nerve cells with a TPN-diaphorase reaction. Acta Neuropathol 3 : 238-249, 1964.
 
Thomas L and Betz H : Synaptophysin binds to physophilin, a putative synaptic plasma membrane protein. J Cell Biol 111 : 2041-2052, 1990.
 
Thomas L, Hartung K, Langosch D, Rehm H, Bamberg E, Franke WW and Betz H : Identification of synaptophysin as a hexameric channel protein of the synaptic vesicle membrane. Science 242 : 1050-1053, 1988.
PubMed
Thureson-Klein A : Exocytosis from large and small dense cored vesicles in noradrenergic nerve terminals. Neuroscience 10 : 245-252, 1983.
PubMed
Thureson-Klein A and Klein RL : Exocytosis from neuronal large dense-cored vesicles. Int Rev Cytol 121 : 67-126, 1990.
PubMed
Thureson-Klein A, Klein RL and Sjarne L : Vesicle populations and exocytosis in noradrenergic terminals of human veins. In : Catecholamines : Basic and Clinical Frontiers. Ed by E Usdin, IJ Kopin and J Barchus. Pergamon Press, New York, pp262-264, 1979.
 
Tiegs OW : Innervation of voluntary muscle. Physiol Rev 33 : 90-144, 1953.
PubMed
Tigges M and Tigges J : Presynaptic dendrite cells and two other classes of neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus of the chimpanzee. Cell Tissue Res 162 : 279-295, 1975.
PubMed
Timofejew D : Uber eine besondere Art von eingekapselten Nervenendigungen in den mannlichen Geschlechtsorganen bei Saugetieren. Anat Anz 11 : 44-49, 1895/96.
 
Tohyama K and Ide C : Carbonic anhydrase activity in axon terminals of sensory corpuscles. Arch Histol Jap 50 : 325-333, 1987.
PubMed
Tomsa W : Zur Kenntnis der Nervenenden in der Haut der menschlichen Hand. Wien Med Wochenschr 53 : 973-976, 1865.
 
Torii H : Electron microscope observation of the S-A and AV nodes and Purkinje fibers of the rabbit. Jap Cirrc J 26 : 39-77, 1962.
 
Torri-Tarelli F, Grohovaz F, Fesce R and Ceccarelli B : Temporal coincidence between Synaptic vesicle fusion and quantal secretion of acetylcholine. J Cell Biol 101 : 1386-1399, 1985.
PubMed
Torri-Tarelli F, Haimann E and Ceccarelli B : Coated vesicles and pits during enhanced quantal release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular function. J Neurocytol 16 : 205-214, 1987.
 
Tower SS : Atrophy and degeneration in the muscle spindle. Brain 55 : 77-89, 1932.
 
Toyoshima C and Unwin N : Ion channel of acetylcholine receptor reconstructed from images of postsynaptic membranes. Nature 336 : 247-250, 1988.
 
Toyoshima K : Are Merkel and Grandry cells two varieties of the same cell in birds? Arch Histol Cytol 56 : 167-175, 1993.
PubMed
Toyoshima K, Miyamoto K and Shimamura A : The ultrastructure of encapsulated sensory cor puscles in the fungiform papillae of monkeys. Arch Histol Jap 50 : 385-392, 1987.
 
Toyoshima K, Seta Y and Shimamura A : Fine structure of the Ilerbst corpuscles in the lingual mucosa of the finch, Lonchura striate. Arch Histol Cytol 55 : 321-331, 1992.
 
Toyoshima K and Shimamura A : Ultrastructure of Merkel corpuscles in the tongue of the finch, Lonchurn striata. Cell Tissue Res 264 : 427-436, 1991.
 
Tranzer JP and Thoenen II : Significance of 'empty vesicles' in postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals. Experientia 23 : 123-124, 1967.
 
Tranzer JP and Thoenen H : Various types of amine storing vesicles in peripheral adrenergic nerve terminals. Experientia 24 : 484, 1968.
PubMed
Tranzer JP, Thoenen H, Snipes RL and Richards JG : Recent developments on the ultrastructural aspect of adrenergic nerve endings in various experimental conditions. Prog Brain Res 31 : 33-46, 1969.
PubMed
Trautwein W and Uchizono K : Electron microscopic and electrophysiologic study of the pacemaker in the sino-atrial node of the rabbit heart. Z Zellforsch 61 : 96-109, 1963.
PubMed
Tremblay JP, Robitaille R. Martineau O, Labrecque C and Fahim MA : Proximodistal gradients of the postjunctional folds at the frog neuromuscular junction : a scanning electron microscopic study. Neuroscience 30 : 535-550, 1989.
PubMed
Triller A, Cluzeaud F, Pfeiffer F, Betz H and Korn H : Distribution of glycine receptors at central synapses : an immunoelectron microscopy study. J Cell Biol 101 : 683-688, 1985.
PubMed
Triller A and Korn H : Deformations de la grille presynaptique liees a lexocytose den les synapses centrale. CR Acad Sc Paris Ser III 295 : 655-660, 1982.
 
Triller A and Korn H : Activity-dependent deformations of presynaptic grids at central synapses. J Neurocytol 14 : 177-192, 1985.
PubMed
Trimble WS, Linial M and Scheller RH : Cellular and molecular biology of the presynaptic nerveterminal. Annu Rev Neurosci 14 : 93-123, 1991.
 
Trimmer JS and Agnew WS : Molecular diversity of voltage-sensitive Na channels. Annu Rev Physiol 51 : 401-418, 1989.
PubMed
Trimmer JS, Coopernian SS, Tomiko SA, Zhou JY, Crean SM, Boyle MB, Kallen RG, Sheng ZH, Barchi RL, Sigworth FJ, Goodman RH, Agnew WS and Mandel G : Primary structure and functional expression of a mammalian skeletal muscle sodium channel. Neuron 3 : 33-46, 1989.
 
Trubatch J, Verhulst FC and van Harreveld A : Glutamate as a transmitter : comparison between the crustacean neuro-muscular junction and the chicken retina. Comp Biochem Physiol 45A : 183-193, 1973.
 
Tttrup A, Svane D and Forman A : Nitric oxide mediating NANC inhibition in opossum lower esophageal sphincter. Amer J Physiol 260 : G385-G389, 1991.
PubMed
Tuppy H : The amino acid sequence in oxytocin. Biochim Biophy Acta 11 : 449-450, 1953,
PubMed
Twarog BM and Page IH : Serotonin content of some mammalian tissues and urine and a method for its determination. Amer J Physiol 175 : 157-161, 1953.
 
Tweedle CD : Ultrastructure of Merkel cell development in aneurogenic and control amphibian larvae (Ambryostoma). Neuroscience 3 : 481-486, 1978.
PubMed
Uchizono K : Characteristics of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the central nervous system of the cat. Nature 207 : 642-643, 1965.
PubMed
Uchizono K : Inhibitory synapses on the stretch receptor neurone of the crayfish. Nature 214 : 833-834, 1967.
PubMed
Uchizono K : Axon identification in the cerebellar cortex of the cat. Arch Histol Jap 29 : 399-424, 1968.
PubMed
Uchizono K : Inhibitory and excitatory synapses in vertebrate and invertebrate animals. In : Structure and Function of Inhibitory Neural Mechanisms. Ed by C von Eider, S Skoglund and U Sonderkerg. Pergamon, Oxford pp33-60, 1968.
 
Uchizono K : Synaptic organization of the mammalian cerebellum. In : Neurobiology of cerebellar Evolution and Development. Ed by R Llinas. AMA-ERF Institute for Biomedical Research, Chicago, pp549-581, 1969.
 
Uchizono K : Structural and chemical considerations of the presynaptic inhibitory sysapses. Proc Jap Acad 49 : 569-574, 1973.
 
Udenfriend S : Identification of γ-aminobutyric acid in brain by the isotope derivative method. J Biol Chem 187 : 65-69, 1950.
 
Udenfriend S and Cooper JR : The enzymatic conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. J Biol Chem 194 : 503-511, 1952.
PubMed
Udenfriend S and Creveling CR : Localization of dopamine-R-oxidase in brain. J Neurochem 4 : 350-352, 1959.
 
Udenfriend S, Titus H, Weissbach H and Peterson RE : Biogenesis and metabolism of 5-hydroxyindole compounds. J Biol Chem 219 : 335-344, 1956.
 
Unwin N : The structure of ion channels in membranes of excitable cells. Neuron 3 : 665-676, 1989.
PubMed
Unwin N : Neurotransmitter action : opening of ligand-gated ion channels. Cell 72/Neuron 10 : 31-41, 1993.
 
Unwin N, Toyoshima C and Kubalek E : Arrangement of acetylcholine receptor subunits in the resting and desensitized states, determined by cryoelectron microscopy of crystallized Torpedo postsynaptic membranes. J Cell Biol 107 : 1123-1138, 1988.
PubMed
Unwin PNT and Zampighi G : Structure of the junction between communicating cells. Nature 283 : 545-549, 1980.
 
Ushkaryov YA, Petrenko AG, Geppert M and Sudhof TC : Neurexins : synaptic cell surface proteins related to the a-latrotoxin receptor and laminin. Science 257 : 50-56, 1992.
 
Uttenthal LO, Levitt BG and Hope DB : Release of neurophysin together, with vasopressin by a Ca2+ dependent mechanism. Phil Trans Roy Soc Lend B 261 : 379-380, 1971.
 
Valbo AB : Hagbarth KE, Torebjork HE and Wallin BG : Somatosensory, proprioceptive, and sympathetic activity in human peripheral nerves. Physiol Rev 59 : 919-957, 1979.
 
Valcana T, Hudson D and Timiras PS : Effects of X-irradiation on the content of amino acids in the developing rat cerebellum. J Neurochem 19 : 2229-2232, 1972.
 
Valdivia O : Melthods of fixation and the morphology of synaptic vesicles. J Comp Neurol 142 : 257-274, 1971.
PubMed
Vale W, Spiess J, Rivier C and Rivier J : Characterization of a 41-residue hypothalamic peptide that stimulates secretion of corticotropin and β-endorphin. Science 213 : 1394-1397, 1981.
 
Valtorta F, Jahn R, Fesce R, Greengad P and Ceccarelli B : Synaptophysin (p38) at the frog neuromuscular junction : Its incorporation into the axolemma and recycling after intense quantal secretion. J Cell Biel 107 : 2717-2727, 1988.
 
Valtschanoff JG, Weinberg RJ, Kharazia VN, Nakane M and Schmidt HHHW : Neurons in rat hippocampus that synthesize nitric oxide. J Comp Neurol 331 : 111-121, 1993.
 
Valtschanoff JG, Weinberg RJ and Rustioni A : NADPH diaphorase in the spinal cord of rats. J Comp Neurol 321 : 209-222, 1992.
PubMed
Valtschanoff JG, Weinberg RJ, Rustioni A and Schmidt HHHW : Nitric oxide synthase and GABA colocalize in lamina II of rat spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 148 : 6-10, 1992.
 
Valverde F : The pyramidal tract in rodents. A study of its relations with the posterior column nuclei, dorsolateral reticular formation of the medulla oblongata, and cervical spinal cord. Z Zellforsch 71 : 297-363, 1966.
 
Valverde F : The neuropil in superficial layers of the superior colliculus of the mouse. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 142 : 117-147, 1973.
 
Van de Velde E : Die fibrillare Struktur der Nerven-enden. Intern Mschr Anat u Physiol 24 : 225-298, 1909.
 
Van den Pot AN and Gorcs T : Glycine and glycine receptor immunoreactivity in brain and spinal cord. J Neurosci 8 : 472-492, 1988.
 
Van der Kloot W and Spielholz N : Effects of changes in tonicity of the extracellular solution on the size of vesicles in frog motor nerve terminals. J Neurocytol 16 : 77-84, 1987.
PubMed
Van der Loos H : Fine structure of synapses in the cerebral cortex. Z Zellforsch 60 : 815-825, 1963.
 
Van der Loos H : Similarities and dissimilarities in submicroscopical morphology of interneuronal contact sites of presumably different functional character. In : Progress in Brain Research. Vol 6 Topics in Basic Neurology. Ed by W Bargmann and JP Schade. Elsevier, Amsterdam pp 1-47, 1964.
 
Van der Loos H : Fine structure of synapses in the cerebral cortex. Neurosci Res Program Bull 3 : 22-24, 1965.
 
van Gehuchten A : La structure des centres nerveux : La moelle epiniere et le cervelet. Cellule 7 : 79-122, 1891.
 
van Gehuchten A : La structure des lobes optiques chez l'embryon de poulet. Cellule 8 : 1-43, 1892.
 
van Gehuchten A : Contribution a l'etude de l'innervation des polls. Anat Anz 7 : 341-348, 1892.
 
van Gehuchten A : La degenerescence dite retrograde ou degenerescence Wallerienne indirecte. Nevraxe 5 : 3, 1903.
 
van Gehuchten A : Bouton terminaux et reseau pericellulaire. Nevraxe 6 : 81-116 et 219-234, 1904.
 
van Gehuchten A e Martin J : Le bulbe olfactif chez quelques mammiferes. Cellule 7 : 205-237, 1891.
 
Van Gelder NM : Antagonism by taurine of cobalt induced epilepsy in cat and mouse. Brain Res 47 : 157-165, 1972.
 
Van Harreveld A and Mendelson M : Glutamateinduced contractions in crustacean muscle. J Cell Comp Physiol 54 : 85-94, 1959.
PubMed
Van Harreveld A and Trubach J : Progression of fusion during rapid freezing for electron microscopy. J Micros (Oxford) 115 : 243-256, 1978.
 
Vanhoutte PM, Verbeuren TJ and Webb RC : Local modulation of adrenergic neuroeffector interaction in the blood vessel wall. Physiol Rev 61 : 151-247, 1981.
 
Van Ness J, Maxwell III and Hahn WE : Complex population of nonpolyadenylated messenger RNA in mouse brain. Cell 18 : 1341-1349, 1979.
 
Van Orden LS, Bensch KG and Giarman NJ : Histochemical and functional relationships of catecholamines in adrenergic nerve endings. II. Extravesicular norepinephrine. J Pharmacol Exper Therap 155 : 428-439, 1967.
 
Van Orden LS, Bloom FE, Barrnett RJ and Giarman NJ : Histochemical and functional relationships of catecholamines in adrenergic nerve endings. I. Participation of granular vesicles. J Pharmacol Exper Therap 154 : 185-199, 1966.
 
Vater A : Disseratation de consensu partium corpori humani. Haller, Disputationum anatomicarum selectarum. Gottigae, Vol II. 1741.
 
Vaughn JE : Review. Fine structure of synaptogenesis in the vertebrate central nervous system. Synapse 3 : 255-285, 1989.
PubMed
Vaughn JE and Grieshaber JA : An electron microscopic investigation of glycogen and mitochondria in developing and adult rat spinal cord neuropil. J Neurocytol 1 : 397-412, 1972.
PubMed
Verma A, Hirsch DJ and Snyder SH : Calcium pools mobilized by calcium or inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate are differentially localized in rat heart and brain. Mol Biol Cell 3 : 621-631, 1992.
PubMed
Vialli DM e Erspamer V : Cellule enterochromaffini e cellule basigranulose acidofile nei vertebrati. Z Zellforsch 19 : 743-773, 1933.
 
Vincent SR and Kimura H : Histochemical mapping of nitric oxide synthase in the rat brain. Neuroscience 46 : 755-784, 1992.
PubMed
Viragh S et Porte A : Elements nerveux intracardiaques et innervation du myocarde. Etude au microscope electronique dans le coeur de rat. Z Zellforsch 55 : 282-296, 1961.
 
Virchow R : Die Cellularpathologie in Ihrer Begrundung auf physiologische and pathologische Gewebelehre. August Hirschwald, Berlin, 1858.
 
Visintini F and Levi- Montalcini R : Relazione tra differenziazione strutturale e funzionale dei centri e delle vie nervose nell' embrione di polio. Schweiz Arch Neurol Neurochim Psychiat 43 : 381-393 and 44 : 119-150, 1939.
 
Vogt M : The concentration of sympathin in different parts of the central nervous system under normal conditions and after the administration of drugs. J Physiol 123 : 451-481, 1954.
PubMed
Vollrath L : Synaptic ribbons of a mammalian pineal gland. Circadian changes. Z Zellforsch 145 : 171-183, 1973.
PubMed
Vollrath L : The Pineal Organ. In : Handbuch der Mikr. Anat des Menschen. Heransg von A Oksche and V Vollrath, VI/7. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg- New York, 1981.
 
Vollrath L and Howe C : Light and drug induced changes of epiphysial synaptic ribbons. Cell Tissue Res 165 : 383-390, 1976.
PubMed
Vollrath L and Huss H : The synaptic ribbons of the guinea-pig pineal gland under normal and experimental conditions. Z Zellforsch 139 : 417-429, 1973.
PubMed
Vollrath L, Meyer A and Buschmann F : Ribon synapses of the mammalian retina contain two types of synaptic bodies-ribbon and spheres. J Neurocytol 18 : 115-120, 1989.
 
von Euler US : Zur Kenntnis der pharmakologischen Wirkungen von Nativsekreten and Extrakten mannlicher accessorischer Geschlechtsdrusen. Arch Exper Pathol 175 : 78-84, 1934.
 
von Euler US : Uber die spezifische blutdrucksenkende Substanz des menschlichen Prostata- und Samenblasensekretes. Klin Wochenschr 14J-g, Nr 33 : 1182-1183, 1935.
 
von Euler US and Hillarp NA : Evidence for the presence of noradrenaline in submicroscopic structures of adrenergic axons. Nature 177 : 44-45, 1956.
PubMed
Vos P, Stark F and Pittman RN : Merkel cells in vitro : Production of nerve growth factor and selective interactions with sensory neurons. Dev Biol 144 : 281-300, 1991.
PubMed
Vulpian EFA : Leton sur la physiologic generale et comparee do systeme nerveux faile au Museum d'Histoire naturalle. Bailliere, Paris, 1866.
 
Vulpian M : Note sur les reactions propres au tissu des capsules surrenales chez les reptiles. CR Seances Mem Soc Biol, Ser III : 223-224, 1856.
 
Vulpian M : Note sur quelques reactions propres a la substance des capsules surrenales. CR heb donad 43 : 663-665, 1856.
 
Wachtel AW and Szamier RB : Special cutaneous organs of fish : the tuberous organ of Eigenmannia. J Morphol 119 : 51-80, 1966.
 
Wagner DA, Young VR and Tannenbaum SR : Mammalian nitrate synthesis : incorporation of 15NH3 into nitrate is enhanced by endotoxin treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80 : 4518-4521, 1983.
PubMed
Wagner R : Handworterbuch der Physiologic mit Rucksicht auf physiologische Pathologic 4. Vols in 5. F. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1842-1853.
 
Wagner R : Neue Untersuchungen uber den Ban and die Endigungen der Nerven and die Struktur der Ganglienzellen. Leipzig 1847.
 
Wagner R and Meissner G : Uber das Vorhandensein bisher unbekannter eigentumlicher Tastkorperchen (corpuscula tactus) in den Gefuhlswarzchen der menschlichen Haut und uber die Endausbreitung sensitiver Nerven. Nachrichten GeorgAugust-Univ konigl Ges Wiss Gottingen 2 : 17-30, 1852.
 
Wajda IJ, Manigault I, Hudick JP and Lajtha A : Regional and subcellular distribution of choline acetyltransferase in the brain of rats. J Neurochem 21 : 1385-1401, 1973.
PubMed
Walberg F : Axotomic contacts in the cuneate nucleus, probable basis for presynaptic depolarization. Exper Neurol 13 : 218-231, 1965.
 
Walberg F : A special type of synaptic vesicles in boutons in the inferior olive. J Ultrastruct Res 12 : 237(B6), 1965.
 
Walberg F : The fine structure of the cuneate nucleus in normal cats and following interruption of afferent fibers. An electron microscopical study with particular reference to findings made in Glees and Nauta sections. Exper Brain Res 2 : 107-128, 1966.
 
Waldeyer HWG : Uber einige neuere Forschungen im Gebiete der Anatomic des Zentralnervensystems. Dtsch med Wschr 17 : 1213-1218, 1891.
 
Walker DM : The free amino acids occurring in the body tissue and blood of the rat and of the cow. Biochem J 52 : 679-683, 1952.
PubMed
Walter G : Uber den feineren Ban des Bulbus olfactorius. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol 22 : 241-259, 1861.
 
Walters BB and Matus AI : Tubulin in postsynaptic junctional lattice. Nature 257 : 496-498, 1975.
 
Wang CL, Sakamoto H and Saito K : Ultrastructure and synaptic architecture of spinal motoneurons in the frog (Rana catesbeiana). Acta Anat 134 : 1-11, 1989.
PubMed
Ward SM, Xue C, Shuttleworth CW, Bredt DS, Snyder SH and Sanders KM : NADPH diaphorase and nitric oxide synthase colocalization in enteric neurons of canine proximal colon. Amer J Physiol 263 : G277-G284, 1992.
PubMed
Warr WR : Parallel ascending pathways from the cochlear nucleus : Neuroanatomical evidence of functional specialization. Contrib Sens Physiol 6 : 1-38, 1982.
 
Wartenberg H : The mammalian pineal organ : Electron microscopic studies on the fine structure of pinealocytes. glia cells and on the perivascular compartment. Z Zellforsch 86 : 74-97, 1968-
PubMed
Watanabe I, Usukura J and Yamada E : Electron microscope study of the Grandly and Herbst corpuscles in the palatine mucosa, gingival mucosa and beak skin of the duck. Arch Histol Jap 48 : 89-108, 1985.
 
Watanabe IS and Yamada F : A light and electron microscopic study of lamellated nerve endings found in rat cheek mucosa. Arch Histol Jap 48 : 497-504, 1985.
 
Watanabe T and Wada H : Histaminergic Neurons : Morphology and Function. CRC Press, Boca Raton-Ann Arbor-Boston, 1991.
 
Watkins JC and Evans RI- : Excitatory amino acid transmitters. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 21 : 165-204, 1981.
 
Waxman SG : Regional differentiation of the axon : a review with special reference to the concept of the multiplex neuron. Brain Res 47 : 269-288, 1972.
 
Waxman SG and Pappas GD : Synaptic organization of the oculomotor nucleus : a comparative microscopic study. Biol Bull 139 : 442, 1970.
 
Weber E, Evans CJ, Samuelsson SJ and Bachas JD : Novel peptide neuronal system in rat brain and pituitary. Science 214 : 1248-1251, 1981.
 
Webster H deF and Ames A : Reversible and irreversible changes in the fine structure of nervous tissue during oxygen and glucose deprivation. J Cell Biol 26 : 885-909, 1965.
 
Weddell G : The pattern of cutaneous innervation in relation to cutaneous sensitihity. J Anat 75 : 346-367, 1941.
PubMed
Weddell G : The multiple innervation of sensory spots in the skin. J Anat 75 : 441-446, 1941.
PubMed
Weddell G : Studies related to the mechanism of common sensibility. In : Advances in Biology of Skin. I. Cutaneous Innervation. Pergamon, New York, pp112-160, 1960.
 
Weddell G and Miller S : Cutaneous sensibility. Amer Rev Physiol 24 : 192-199, 1962.
 
Weddell G, Taylor DA and Williams CM : Studies on the innervation of skin. III. The patterned arrangement of the spinal sensory nerves to the rabbit ear. J Anat 89 : 317-342, 1955.
 
Weight FF : Modulation of synaptic excitability. Fed Proc 38 : 2078-2079, 1979.
PubMed
Weinberg C, Sanes JR and Hall Z : Formation of neuromuscular junctions in adult rats : Accumulation of acetylcholine receptors, acetylcholinesterase, and components of the synaptic basal lamina. Dev Biol 84 : 255-266, 1981.
PubMed
Weismann A : Ueber das Wachsen der quergestreiften Muskeln nach Beobachtungen am Frosch. Z Rat Med 10 : 263-284, 1861.
 
Wenthold RJ, Parakkal MH, uberdorter MD and Altschuler RA : Glycine receptor immunoreactivity in the central cochlear nucleus of the guinea pig. J Comp Neurol 276 : 423-435, 1988.
 
Werman R and Aprison Mll : Glycine : the search for a spinal cord inhibitory transmitter. In : Structure and Functions of Inhibitory Neuronal Mechanisms. Ed by C von Euler, S Skoglund and U Soderberg. Pergamon Press, New York, pp473-486, 1968.
 
Werman R, Davidoff RA and Aprison MH : Glycine and postsynaptic inhibition in cat spinal cord. Physiologist 9 : 318, 1966.
 
Werner JK : Duration of normal innervation required for complete differentiation of muscle spindles in newborn rats. Exper Neurol 41 : 214-217, 1973.
 
Wersall J and Bagger-Sjoback D : Morphology of the vestibular sense organ. In : Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Ed by HH Kornhuber, Vol VI, 1. Springer-Verlag, Berlin fleidelberg-New York, pp123-170, 1974.
 
Wersall J, Flock A and Lundgvist PG : Structural basis for directional sensitivity in cochlear and vestibular sensory receptors. Cold Spring Harber Symp. Quart Biol 30 : 115-132. 1965.
 
Wesemann W, Henkel R and Marx R : Receptors of neurotransmitters. V. Sialic acid distribution and characterization of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor in synaptic structures. Biochem Pharmacol 20 : 1961-1966, 1971.
 
West GB : Further studies on sympathin. Brit J Pharmacol 5 : 165-172, 1950.
PubMed
Westman J : The lateral cervical nucleus in the cat. V. A quantitative evaluation on the bouton- and glia-covered surface area of different LCN-neurons. Z Zellforsch 115 : 377-387, 1971.
 
Westrum LE : Synaptic contacts on axons in the cerebral cortex. Nature 210 : 1289-1290, 1966.
PubMed
Westrum LE : Observations on initial segments of axons in the prepyriform cortex of the rat. J Comp Neurol 139 : 337-356, 1970.
 
Westrum LE : Early forms of terminal degeneration in the spinal trigeminal nucleus following rhizotomy. J Neurocytol 2 : 189-215, 1973.
PubMed
Westrum LE and Blackstad TW : An electron microscopic study of the stratum radiatum of the rat hippocampus (regio superior, CA1) with particular emphases on synaptology. J Comp Neurol 119 : 281-309, 1962.
 
Whim MD and Lloyd PE : Frequency-dependent release of peptide cotransmitters from identified cholinergic motor neurons in Aplysia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 : 9034-9038, 1989.
PubMed
White JM : Membrane fusion. Science 258 : 917-924, 1992.
PubMed
White T : Formation and catabolism of histamine in cat brain in vivo. J Physiol 152 : 299-308, 1960.
PubMed
White T : Histamine in the brain. In : Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol 18/1. Histamine and Antihistamines. Ed by M Rocha e Silva. Springer-Verlag, pp 789, 1966.
 
Whitear M and Lane B : Fine structure of Merkel cells in lampreys. Cell Tissue Res 220 : 139-151, 1981.
 
Whitehouse PJ, Price DL, Struble RG, Clark AW, Coyle JT and Delon MR : Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia : loss of neurons in the basal forebrain. Science 275 : 1237-1239, 1982.
 
Whittaker VP : The isolation and characterization of acetylcholine-containing particles from brain. Biochem J 72 : 694-706, 1959.
PubMed
Whittaker VP : The vesicle hypothesis. In Excitatory Synaptic Mechanisms. Ed by P Andersen and JKS Jansen. Universitatsforlaget, Oslo, pp67-76, 1970.
 
Whittaker VP : The use of synaptosomes in the study of synaptic and neural membrane function. In : Structure and Function of Synapses. Ed by GD Pappas and DP Purpura. Reven Press, New York, pp87-100, 1972.
 
Whittaker VP, Michaelson IA and Kirkland RJA : The separation of synaptic vesicles from nerveending particles ('synaptosomes'). Biochem J 90 : 293-303, 1964.
 
Whittaker VP and Sheridan MN : The morphology and acetylcholine content of isolated cerebral cortical synaptic vesicles. J Neurochem 12 : 363-372, 1965.
PubMed
Whittaker VP and Zimmerman H : Biochemical studies on cholinergic synaptic vesicles. In : Synaptic Transmission and Neuronal Interactions. Ed by MVL Bennett. Raven Press, New York, pp217-238, 1974.
 
Wickelgren WO, Leonard JP, Grimes MJ and Clark RD : Ultrastructural correlates of transmitter release in presynaptic areas of lamprey reticulospinal axons. J Neurosci 5 : 1188-1201, 1985.
PubMed
Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z, Hokfelt T, Lundberg JM, Forssmann WG, Reinecke M, Tschopp FA and Fischer JA : Immunoreactive calcitonin generelated peptide and substance P coexist in sensory neurons to the spinal cord and interact in spinal behavioral responses of the rat. Neurosci Lett 52 : 199-204, 1984.
 
Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z, Xu XJ, Hughes J, Horwell DC and Hokfelt T : PD134308, a selective antagonist of cholecystokinin type d receptor, enhances the analgesic effect of morphine and synergistically interacts with intrathecal galanin to depress spinal nociceptive reflexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 : 7105-7109, 1990.
 
Wiley RA, Sternson LA and Sasame HA : En zymatic oxidation of diphenylmethylphosphine and 3-dimethylaminopropyldiphenylphosphine by rat liver microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol 21 : 3235-3247, 1972.
 
Wiley RG, Spencer C and Pysh JJ : Time course and frequency dependence of synaptic vesicle depletion and recovery in electrically stimulated sympathetic ganglia. J Neurocytol 16 : 359-372, 1987.
PubMed
Willey TJ : The ultrastructure of the cat olfactory bulb. J Comp Neural 152 : 211-232, 1973.
 
Wilson CJ, Groves PM and Fifkova E : Monoaminergic synapses, including dendrodendritic synapses in rat substantia nigra. Exper Brain Res 30 : 161-174, 1977.
 
Wilson CJ, Murakami F, Katsumaru H and Tsukahara N : Dendritic and somatic appendages of identified rubrospinal neurons of the cat. Neuroscience 22 : 113-130, 1987.
PubMed
Windaus A and Vogt W : Synthese des Imidazolylathylamins. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 40 : 3691-3695, 1907.
 
Windle WE and Clark SL : Observations on the histology of the synapse. J Comp Neurol 46 : 153-171, 1928.
 
Winkelmann RK : Nerve endings in normal and pathologic skin. Charles C Thomas, Illinois, 1960.
 
Winkelmann RK : Similarities in cutaneous nerve end-organs. In : Advances in Biology of Skin. Ed by W Montagna. Vol 1 : Cutaneous Innervation. Pergamon Press, New York, 1960.
 
Winkelmann RK : Cutaneous nerves. In : Ultrastructure of Normal and Abnormal Skin. Ed by AS Zelickson. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp202-227, 1967.
 
Winkelmann RK and Schmit RW : Cholinesterase in the skin of the rat, dog, cat, guinea pig and rabbit. J Invest Dermatol 33 : 185-190, 1959.
 
Winkler H : The biogenesis of adrenal chromaffin granules. Neuroscience 2 : 657-683, 1977.
PubMed
Wise DS, Schoenborn BP and Karlin A : Structure of acetylcholine receptor dinner determined by neutron scattering and electron microscopy. J Biol Chem 256 : 4124-4126, 1981.
 
Wittkowski W : Ependymokrinie and Rezeptoren in der Wand des Recessus infundibularis der Maus and ihre Beziehung zum kleinzelligen Hypothalamus. Z Zellforsch 93 : 530-546, 1969.
PubMed
Wittkowski W : Elektronenmikroskopische Unter suchungen zur funktionellen Morphologie der tubero-hypophysaren System der Ratte. Z Zellforsch 139 : 101-148, 1973.
 
Wlassak R : Die Herkunft des Myelins. Arch Entw Mech Organ 6 : 453-493, 1889.
 
Wohlfart G and Henriksson KG : Observations on the distribution, number, and innervation of Golgi musculo-tendinous organs. Acta Anat 41 : 192-204, 1960.
 
Wolfe DE : The epiphyseal cell : an electronmicroscopic study of its intercellular relationships and intracellular morphology in the pineal body of the albino rat. In : Structure and Function of the Epiphysis Cerebri. Ed by J Ariens Kappers and JP Schade. Prog Brain Res 10 : 332-386, 1965.
 
Wolfe DE, Potter LT, Richardson KC and Axelrod J : Localizing tritiated norepinephrine in sympathetic axons by electron microscopic autoradiography. Science 138 : 440-442, 1962.
PubMed
Wolf M : Zur Kenntnis der Heldschen Nervenendfuβe. J Psychol Neurol (Lpz) 4 : 144-157, 1905.
 
Wong MT : Somato-dendritic and dendro-dendritic synapses in the squirrel monkey lateral geniculate nucleus. Brain Res 20 : 135-139, 1970.
PubMed
Wong-Riley MT : Neuronal and synaptic organization of the normal dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus. J Comp Neurol 144 : 2560, 1972.
 
Woodley S and Kendig J : Substance P and NMDA receptors mediate a slow nociceptive ventral root potential in neonatal rat spinal cord. Brain Res 559 : 17-21, 1991.
PubMed
Woolf C and Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z : Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide synergistically modulate the gain of the noceceptive flexor with drawal reflex in the rat. Neurosci Lett 66 : 226-230, 1986.
 
Woollard HH : Observations on the terminations of cutaneous nerves. Brain 58 : 352-367, 1935.
 
Wu J-Y, Matsuda T and Roberts E : Purification and characterization of glutamate decarboxylasefrom mouse brain. J Blot Chem 248 : 3029-3034, 1973.
 
Yamamoto T : The fine structure of the palisadetype sensory endings in relation to hair follicles. J Electr Micr 15 : 158-166, 1966.
 
Yamamoto T, Ito Y, Ueda H and Yamaguchi J : Sensory innervation of dorsum linguae in goat. Arch Histol lap 13 : 547-558, 1957.
 
Yamauchi A, Fujimaki Y and Yokota R : Reciprocal synapses between cholinergic postganglionic axon and adrenergic interneuron in the cardiac ganglion of the turtle. J Ultrastruct Res 50 : 47-57, 1975.
 
Yamauchi A, Yokota R and Fujimaki Y : Reciprocal synapses between cholinergic axons and small granule-containing cells in the rat cardiac ganglion. Anat Rec 181 : 195-210, 1971.
 
Yanagisawa M, Kurihara H, Kimura S, Tomobe Y, Kobayashi M, Mitsui Y, Yazaki Y, Goto K and Masaki T : A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature 332 : 411-415, 1988.
PubMed
Yasargil G and Diamond J : Startle-response in teleost fish : An elementary circuit for neural determination. Nature 220 : 241-243, 1968.
 
Yellin H : A histochemical study of muscle spindles and their relationship to extrafusal fiber types in the rat. Amer J Anat 125 : 31-46, 1969.
PubMed
Yohro T : Structure of the sinus hair follicle in the big-clawed shrew, Sorex unguiculatus. J Morphol 153 : 333-354, 1977.
PubMed
Yokota R, Ide C, Nitatori T and Onodera S : Cholinesterase activity in the carotid sinus baroreceptors. Acta Histochem Cytochem 15 : 537-542, 1982.
 
Yokota R, Ide C, Nitatori T and Onodera S : Electron microscopic histochemistry of cholinesterase activity in the baroreceptors of the cat atrial endocardium. Acta Histochem Cytochem 16 : 129-137, 1983.
 
Yokota Y, Sasai Y, Tanaka K, Fujiwara T, Tsuchida K, Shigemoto R, Kakizuka A, Ohkubo H and Nakanishi S : Molecular characterization of a functional cDNA for rat substance P receptor. J Biol Chem 264 : 17649-17652, 1989.
PubMed
Yoshida Y, Ushiki T, Takashiro M, Munger BL and Ide C : Membrane relationships in murine Meissner corpuscles : Cytology of freezesubstituted tissue. Anat Rec 223 : 437-445, 1989.
 
Young AB, Oster-Granite ML, Herndon RM and Snyder SH : Glutamic acid : Selective depletion by viral induced granule cell loss in hamster cerebellum. Brain Res 73 : 1-13, 1974.
PubMed
Young HM, Furness JB, Shuttleworth CWR, Bredt DS and Snyder SH : Co-localization of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity and NADPH diaphorase staining in neurons of the guinea pig intestine. histochemistry 97 : 375-378, 1992.
 
Young IW and Kuhar MJ : A new method for receptor autoradiography : 〔3H〕opioid receptors in rat brain. Brain Res 179 : 255-270, 1979.
 
Yurchenco PD and Furthmayr H : Self-assembly of basement membrane collagen. Biochemistry 23 : 1839-1850, 1984.
PubMed
Yurchenco PD and Ruben GC : Basement membrane structure in situ : evidence for lateral associations in the type IV collagen network. J Cell Biol 105 : 2559-2568, 1987.
PubMed
Yurchenco PD, Tsilibary EC, Charonis AS and Furthmayr H : Models for the self-assembly of basement membrane. J Histochem Cytochem 34 : 93-102, 1986.
PubMed
Zacks SI : The Motor Endplate. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp1-83, 1964.
 
Zambrano D and De Robertis E : Intracisternal filamentous material in neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus. Anat Rec 154 : 446, 1966.
 
Zambrano D and De Robertis E : The secretory cycle of supraoptic neurons in the rat (A structural functional correlation). Z Zellforsch 73 : 414-431, 1966.
 
Zambrano D and De Robertis E : Ultrastructural aspects of the inhibition of neurodecretion by puromysin. Z Zellforsch 76 : 458-470, 1966.
 
Zampighi G, Corless JM and Robertson JD : On gap junction structure. J Cell Biol 86 : 190-198, 1980.
PubMed
Zampighi G and Robertson JD : Fine structure of the synaptic discs separated from the goldfish medulla oblongata. J Cell Biol 56 : 92-105, 1973.
PubMed
Zelena J : The morphogenetic influence of innervation on the ontogenetic development of muscle spindles. J Embryol Exper Morphol 5 : 283-292, 1957.
 
Zelena J : Development of muscle receptors after tenotomy. Physiol Bohemoslov 12 : 30-36, 1963.
PubMed
Zelena J : Development, degeneration and regeneration of receptor organs. Prog Brain Res 13 : 175-213, 1964.
PubMed
Zelena J : The influence of fusimotor innervation upon the development of muscle spindles. Cesk Fysiol 14 : 377-378, 1965.
 
Zelena J : The role of sensory innervation in the development of mechanoreceptors. In Somatosensory and Visceral Receptor Mechanisms. Ed by A Iggo and OB Ilyinsky. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp59-64, 1975.
 
Zelena J : Sensory terminals on extrafusal muscle fibres in myotendinous regions of developing rat muscles. J Neurocytol 5 : 447-463, 1976.
PubMed
Zelena J : The development of Pacinian corpuscles. J Neurocytol 7 : 71-91, 1978.
PubMed
Zelena J : Rapid degeneration of developing rat Pacinian corpuscles after denervation. Brain Res 187 : 97-111, 1980.
PubMed
Zelena J : Multiple innervation of rat Pacinian corpuscles regenerated after neonatal axotomy. Neuroscience 6 : 1675-1686, 1981.
PubMed
Zelena J : Survival of Pacinian corpuscles after denervation in adult rats. Cell Tissue Res 224 : 673-683, 1982.
PubMed
Zelena J : The effect of long-term degeneration on the ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscles in the cat. Cell Tissue Res 238 : 387-394, 1984.
PubMed
Zelena J : Multiple axon terminals in regenerated Pacinian corpuscles of the adult rat. J Neurocytol 13 : 665-684, 1984.
 
Zelena J, Jirmanova I, Nitatori T and Ide C : Effacement and regeneration of tactile lamellar corpuscles of rat after postnatal nerve crush. Neuroscience 39 : 513-522, 1990.
PubMed
Zelena J and Soukup T : Development of muscle spindles deprived of fusimotor innervation. Z Zellforsch 144 : 435-452, 1973.
PubMed
Zelena J and Soukup T : The differentiation of intrafusal fibre types in rat muscle spindles after motor denervation. Cell Tissue Res 153 : 115-136, 1974.
PubMed
Zelena J and Soukup T : Ultrastructural differentiation of muscle spindles after deefferentation. Folia Morphol (Praque) 22 : 268-269, 1974.
 
Zelena J and Soukup T : The development of Golgi tendon organs. J Neurocytol 6 : 171-194, 1977.
PubMed
Zetler G and Schlosser L : Uber das Vorkommen von 5-Hydroxytryptamin (Enteramin oder Serotonin) im Gehirn von Saugetieren. Arch Exper Pathol Pharmakol 222 : 345-351, 1954.
 
Zimmermann H and Whittaker VP : Different recovery rates of the electrophysiological biochemical and morphological parameters in the cholinergic synapses of the Torpedo electric organ after stimulation. J Neurochem 22 : 1109-1114, 1974.
PubMed
Zimmermann H and Whittaker VP : Effect of electrical stimulation on the yield and composition of synaptic vesicles from the cholinergic synapses of the electric organ of Torpedo. A combined biochemical, electrophysiological and morphological study. J Neurochem 22 : 435-450, 1974.
PubMed

V グリア細胞 ( 神経膠細胞 )

P.680 掲載の参考文献
Abbott NJ, Lane NJ and Bundgaard M : The bloodbrain interface in invertebrates. Ann NY Acad Sci 481 : 20-42, 1986.
PubMed
Abe T, Miyatake T, Norton WT and Suzaki K : Activities of glycolipid hydrolase in neurons and astroglia from rat and calf brain and in oligodendroglia from calf brain. Brain Res 161 : 179-182, 1979.
 
Abercrombie M and Johnson ML : The outwandering of cells in tissue cultures of nerves undergoing Wallerian degeneration. J Exper Biol 19 : 266-278, 1942.
 
Abercrombie M and Johnson ML : Quantitative histology of Wallerian degeneration. I. Nuclear population in rabbit sciatic nerve. J Anat 80 : 37-47, 1946.
 
Abercrombie M, Johnson ML and Thomas GA : The influence of nerve fibres on Schwann cell migration investigated in tissue culture. Proc Roy Soc (Lond) Ser B 136 : 448-460, 1949.
 
Abercrombie M and Sander JE : An analysis of growth in nuclear population during Wallerian degeneration. J Cell Comp Physicl 50 : 429-450, 1957.
 
Achucarro N : Nuevo metodo para el estudio de Is neuroglia y del tejido conjuntivo. Bol Soc Esp Biol Madrid 1 : 139-141, 1911.
 
Achucarro N : Neuroglia y elementos patologicos del cerebro impregnados por el metodo de la reduccion de la plata o por sus modificaciones. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 9 : 161-179, 1911.
 
Achucarro N : Algunos resultados histopatologicos obtenidos con el procedimiento del tanino y la plata amoniacal. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 9 : 269-287, 1911.
 
Achucarro N : Notas sobre la estructura y funciones de la neuroglia y en particular de la neuroglia de la corteza cerebral humana. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 11 : 187-217, 1913.
 
Adam H : Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hirnventrikel und des Ependyms bei den Cyclostomen. Anat Anz 103 : 173-188, 1957.
 
Adams I and Jones DG : Synaptic remodeling and astrocytic hypertrophy in rat cerebral cortex from early to late adulthood. Neurobiol Aging 3 : 179-186, 1982.
 
Adams RD and Foley JM : The neurological disorder associated with liver disease. Res Publ Ass Res Nerv Ment Dis 32 : 198-237, 1953.
PubMed
Adrian EK and Schelper RL : Microglia, monocytes and macrophages. In : Glia and Neuronal Cell Biology. Ed by S Fedoroff. Liss, New York, pp. 113-124, 1981.
 
Adrian EK and Smothermon RD : Leukocytic infiltration into the hypoglossal nucleus following injury to the hypoglossal nerve. Anat Rec 166 : 99-116, 1970.
 
Adrian EK and Williams MG : Cell proliferation in injured spinal cord. An electron microscope study. J Comp Neurol 151 : 1-24, 1973.
PubMed
Agduhr E : uber ein zentrales Sinnesorgan (?) bei den Vertebraten. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 66 : 223-360, 1922.
 
Agduhr E : Choroid plexus and ependyma. In : Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System. Ed by W Penfield. Paul B Hoeber, New York and London Vol 2, pp. 537-573, 1932.
 
Agnew WF, Alvarez RB, Yuen TGH and Crews AK : Protein synthesis and transport by the rat choroid plexus and ependyma. An autoradiographic study. Cell Tissue Res 208 : 261-281, 1980.
 
Aguayo AJ : Axonal regeneration from injured neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system. In : Synaptic Plasticity. Ed by CW Cotman. Guilford, New York, pp 457-484, 1985.
 
Aguayo AJ, Attiwell M, Trecarten J, Perkins CS and Bray GM : Schwann cell transplantation. Evidence for a primary disorder of myelination in trembler mouse nerves. Clin Res 24 : 688A, 1976.
 
Aguayo AJ, Attiwell M, Trecarten J, Perkins CS and Bray GM : Abnormal myelination in transplanted Trembler mouse nerves. Nature 265 : 73-75, 1977.
 
Aguayo AJ, Benfey M and David S : A potential for axonal regeneration in neurons of the adult mammalian nervous system. In : Nervous System Regeneration. Ed by B Haber, JR Perez-Polo, GA Hashim and AMG Stella. Liss, New York, pp 327-340, 1983.
 
Aguayo AJ and Bray GM : Cell interactions studied in the peripheral nerves of experimental animals. In : Peripheral Neuropathy. Ed by PJ Thomas, FH Lambert and RP Bunge. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Vol 1, pp 360-377, 1984.
 
Aguayo AJ, Bray GM, Perkins CS and Duncan LD : Axon-sheath interactions in peripheral and central nervous system transplants. Soc Neurosci Symp 4 : 361-383, 1979.
 
Aguayo AJ, Charron L and Bray GM : Potential of Schwann cells from unmyelinated nerves to produce myelin : a quantitative ultrastructural and autoradiographic study. J Neurocytol 5 : 565-573, 1976.
 
Aguayo AJ, David S, Richardson P and Bray GM : Axonal elongation studied in peripheral and central nervous system transplants. In : Advances in Cellular Neurobiology. Ed by S Fedoroff and L Hertz. Academic Press, New York, pp 215-234, 1982.
 
Aguayo AJ, Epps J, Charron L and Bray GM : Multipotentiality of Schwann cells in cross anastomosed and grafted myelinated and unmyelinared nerves quantitative microscopy and radioautography. Brain Res 104 : 1-20, 1976.
PubMed
Akiyama H and McGeer PL : Brain microglia constitutively express (32 integrins. J Neuroimmunol 30 : 81-93, 1990.
 
Allen DJ : Scanning electron microscopy of epiplexus macrophages (Kolmer cells) in the dog. J Comp Neurol 161 : 197-213, 1975.
PubMed
Allen F : The cessation of mitosis in the central nervous system of the rat. J Comp Neurol 22 : 547-568, 1912.
 
Altman J : Some fiber projections to the superior colliculus in the cat. J Comp Neurol 119 : 77-96, 1962.
 
Altman J : Autoradiographic investigation of cell proliferation in the brains of rats and cats. Anat Rec 145 : 573-591, 1963.
PubMed
Altman J : Autoradiographic and histological studies of postnatal neurogenesis. II. A longitudinal investigation of the kinetics, migration and transformation of cells incorporating tritiated thymidine in infant rats, with special reference to postnatal neurogenesis in some brain regions. J Comp Neurol 128 : 431-474, 1966.
 
Altman J : Proliferation and migration of undifferentiated precursor cells in the rat during postnatal gliogenesis. Exper Neurol 16 : 263-278, 1966.
 
Altman J : Postnatal growth and differentiation of the mammalian brain, with implications for a morphological theory of memory. In : The Neurosciences. Ed by GC Quarten, T Melnechuk and FO Schmitt. Rockefeller University Press, New York, pp. 723-743, 1967.
 
Altman I and Bayer SA : The development of the rat spinal cord. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 85 : 1-166, 1984.
 
Altman J and Das GD : Autoradiographic examination of the effects of enriched environment on the rate of glial multiplication in the adult rat brain. Nature 204 : 1161-1165, 1964.
PubMed
Altman J and Das GD : Postnatal neurogenesis in the guinea pig. Nature 214 : 1098-1101, 1967.
PubMed
Alzheimer A : Histologische Studien zur Differentialdiagnose der progressiven Paralyse. Nissl-Alzheimer Histol Histopathol Arb 1 : 49-52, 1904.
 
Alzheimer A : Beitrtige zur Kenntnis der pathologischen Neuroglia and ihrer Beziehung zu den Abbauvorgdngen im Nervengewebe. Nissl-Alzheimer Histol Histopathol Arb 3 : 401-550, 1910.
 
Anand Kumar TC : Sexual differences in the ependyma limiting the third ventricle in the area of the anterior hypothalamus of adult rhesus monkeys. Z Zellforsch 90 : 28-36, 1968.
 
Anders JJ and Brightman MW : Assemblies of particles in the cell membranes of developing, mature and reactive astrocytes. J Neurocytol 8 : 777-795. 1979.
PubMed
Anderson RGW : The three-dimensional structure of the basal body from the rhesus monkey oviduct. J Cell Biol 54 : 246-265, 1972.
 
Andriezen WL : The neuroglia elements in the human brain. Brit Med J 2 : 227-230, 1893.
PubMed
Andriezen WL : On a system of fibre-cells surrounding the blood-vessels of the brain of man and mammals and its physiological significance. Intern Mschr Anat Physiol 10 : 532-540. 1893.
 
Angevine JB : Critical cellular events in the shaping of neural centers. In : The Neurosciences : Second Study Program. Ed by FO Schmitt. Rockefeller University Press, New York, pp. 62-72, 1970.
 
Apaty S v : Das leitende Element des Nervensystems and seine topographischen Beziehungen zu den Zellen. Mitt Zool Station Neapel 12 : 495-748, 1897.
 
Armstrong RC, Harvath L and Dubois-Dalcq ME : Type-1 astrocyte and oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte glial progenitors migrate toward distinct molecules. J Neurosci Res 27 : 400-407, 1990.
PubMed
Arvidsson B, Kristensson K and Olsson Y : Vascular permeability to fluorescent protein tracer in trigeminal nerve and Gasserian ganglion. Acta Neuropathol 26 : 199-205, 1973.
PubMed
Asbury AL : Schwann cell proliferation in developing mouse sciatic nerve. J Cell Biol 34 : 735-743, 1967.
 
Aschoff L : Das reticulo-endotheliale System. Erg Inner Med Kinderheilk 26 : 1-119, 1924.
 
Astion ML, Obaid AL and Orkand RK : Effects of barium and bicarbonate on glial cells of Necturus optic nerve : Studies with microelectrodes and voltage-sensitive dyes. J Gen Physiol 93 : 731-744, 1989.
PubMed
Astrom K-E, Mancall EL and Richardson JR : Progressive multifocal leuko- encephalopathy. A hitherto unrecognized complication of chronic lymphatic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. Brain 81 : 93-111, 1958.
PubMed
Avossa D and Pfeiffer SE : Transit reversion of O4 'Gal C' oligodendrocyte progenitor development in response to the phorbol ester TPA. J Neurosci 34 : 113-128, 1993.
 
Bailey P : Cellular types in primary tumors of the brain. In : Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System. Ed by W Penfield. Hecher, New York, Vol. II, pp. 905-951, 1932.
 
Bailey P : Die Hirngeschwulste. Enke, Stuttgart, 1936.
 
Bailey P and Cushing II : Medulloblastoma cerebelli. Arch Neurol Psychiat 14 : 192-224, 1925.
 
Bailey P and Cushing H : A classification of the tumors of the glioma group on an histogenetic basis with a correlated study of prognosis. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1926.
 
Bakay L : Studies on the blood-brain barrier with radioactive phosphorus. I. Arch Neurol Psychiat 66 : 419-426, 1951 ; II. ibid 68 : 629-640, 1952.
 
Bakay L : Studies on blood-brain barrier with radioactive phosphorus. III. Embryonic development of the barrier. Arch Neurol Psychiat 70 : 30-39, 1953.
 
Bakay L : Blood Brain Barrier. Charles C Thomas, Springfield III, 1956.
 
Baker PC and Schroeder TE : Cytoplasmic filaments and morphogenetic movement in the amphibian neural tube. Dev Biol 15 : 432-450, 1967.
PubMed
Banbin G, Manthorpe M and Varon S : Purification of the chick eye ciliary neurotrophic factor. J Neurochem 43 : 1468-1478, 1984.
 
Bansal R, Gard AL and Pfeiffer SE : Multiple and novel specificities of monoclonal antibodies O1, O4 and R-mAb used in the analysis of oligodendrocyte development. J Neurosci Res 24 : 548-557, 1989.
 
Bar T and Wolff JR : The formation of capillary basement membranes during internal vascularization of the rat's cerebral cortex. Z Zellforsch 133 : 231-248, 1972.
 
Bar T and Wolff JR : Quantitative Beziehungen zwischen der Verzweigungsdichte and Lange von Capillaren im Neocortex der Ratte wahrend der postnatalen Entwicklung. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 141 : 207-221, 1973.
 
Baron M and Gallego A : The relation of the microglia with the pericytes in the cat cerebral cortex. Z Zellforsch 128 : 42-57, 1972.
PubMed
Barres BA, Chun LLY and Corey DP : Ion channel expression by white matter glia. I. Type 2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Glia 1 : 10-30, 1988.
 
Barres BA, Hart IK, Coles ITS, Burne JF, Voyvodic JT, Richardson W D and Raff MC : Cell death and control of cell survival in the oligodendrocyte lineage. Cell 70 : 31-46, 1992.
PubMed
Barres BA, Hart IK, Coles HS, Burne JF, Voyvodic JT, Richardson WD and Raff MC : Cell death in the oligodendrocyte lineage. J Neurobiol 23 : 1221-1230, 1992.
PubMed
Barres BA and Raff MC : Proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells depends on electrical activity in axons. Nature 361 : 258-260, 1993.
PubMed
Barres BA, Schmid R, Sendnter M and Raff MC : Multiple extracellular signals are required for long-term oligodendrocyte survival. Development 118 : 283-295, 1993.
PubMed
Barron KD, Chang TY, Daniels AC and Doolin PF : Subcellular accompaniments of axon reaction in cervical motoneurons of the cat. In : Progress in Neuropathology. Ed by HM Zimmerman. Grune and Stratton, New York, Vol 1, pp. 255-280, 1971.
 
Basco E, Woodhams PE, Hajos F and Balzzs R : Immunocytochemical demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein in mouse tanycytes. Anat Embryol 162 : 217-222, 1981.
 
Bass NH, Hess HH, Pope A and Thalheimer C : Quantitative cytoarchitectonic distribution of neurons, glia and DNA in rat cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 143 : 481-490, 1971.
PubMed
Beard J : The histology of a transient nervous apparatus in certain Ichtyopsida. I. Raja batis. Zool Jb 9 : 319-426, 1865.
 
Bearer HW and Orci L : Endothelial fenestral dia-phragms : a quich-freeze, deep-etch study. J Cell Biol 100 : 418-428, 1985.
 
Beck DW, Vinters HV, Hart MN and Cancilla PA : Glial cells influence polarity of the blood-brain barrier. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 43 : 219-224, 1984.
 
Behnsen G : Farbstoffversuche mit Trypanblau an der Schranke zwischen Blot and Zentralnervensystem der wachsenden Maus. Munch Med Wochschr 73 J-g Nr 28 : 1143-1147, 1926.
 
Behnsen G : uber die Farbstoffspeicherung im Zentralnervensystem der weissen Maus in verschiedenen Alterszustanden. Z Zellforsch 4 : 515-572, 1927.
 
Bellairs R : The development of the nervous system in chick embryos studied by electron microscopy. J Embryol Exper Morphol 7 : 94-115, 1959.
 
Better DI, Springer TA and Schreiber RD : AntiMac-1 selectively inhibits the mouse and human type three complement receptor. J Exper Med 156 : 1000-1006, 1982.
 
Benjelloun-Touini S, Jacque CM, Dever P, DeVitry F, Maunoury R and Dupouey P : Evidence that mouse astrocytes may be derived from radial glia. J Neuroimmunol 9 : 7-97, 1985.
 
Bennett HS : The concepts of membrane flow and membrane vesiculation as mechanisms for active transport and ion pumping. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2 : 99-103, 1956.
PubMed
Bennett HS, Luft JH, Hampton JC : Morphological classifications of vertebrate blood capillaries. Amer J Physicl 196 : 381-390, 1959.
 
Bering EA : Circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurosurg 19 : 405-413, 1962.
 
Berner A, Torvik A and Stenwig AE : Origin of macrophages in traumatic lesions and Wallerian degeneration in peripheral nerves. Acta Neuropathol 25 : 228-236, 1973.
PubMed
Berry M : Neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the human brain. Food Chem Toxicol 24 : 79-89, 1986.
PubMed
Berry M, Hall S, Follows R, Rees L, Gregson N and Sievers J : Response of axons and glia at the site of anastomosis between the optic nerve and cellular and acellular sciatic nerve grafts. J Neurocytol 17 : 727-744, 1988.
PubMed
Berry M, Rees L, Hall S, Yu P and Sievers J : Optic axons regenerate into sciatic nerve isografts only in the presence of Schwann cells. Brain Res Bull 20 : 223-231, 1988.
 
Berry M and Rogers AW : Histogenesis of mammalian neocortex. In : Evolution of the Forebrain. Ed by R Hassler and H Stephan. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 197-205, 1966.
 
Berthold C-H and Nilsson I : Schwann cells in developing feline L7 ventral spinal roots. J Neurocytol 16 : 811-828, 1987.
PubMed
Berthold C-H and Skoglund S : Postnatal development of feline paranodal myelin sheath segments. II Electron microscopy. Acts Societatis Medicorum Upsaliensis 73 : 127-144, 1968.
 
Bertolini B : Ultrastructure of the spinal cord of the lamprey. J Ultrastruct Res 11 : 1-24, 1964-
 
Bevan S, Chin SY, Gray PT and Ritchie JM : The presence of voltage-gated sodium, potassium, and chloride cancels in rat cultured astrocytes. Proc Roy Soc Lord B 225 : 299-313, 1985.
 
Bidder F and Kupffer C v : Untersuchungen uber die Textur des Rockemnarks and die Entwicklung seiner Formelemente. Breitkopf & Hartel, Leip-zig 1857.
 
Biedl A and Kraus R : Uber eine bisher unbekannte toxische Wirkung der Gallensaure auf das Zentralnervensystem. Centbl Inn Med 47 : 1185-1200, 1898.
 
Bignami A and Dahl D : Astrocyte-specific protein and radial glia in the cerebral cortex of newborn rat. Nature 252 : 55-56, 1974.
PubMed
Bignami A and Dahl D : Astrocyte-specific protein and neuroglial differentiation : An immuno-fluorescence study with antibodies to the glial fibrillary acidic protein. J Comp Neurol 153 : 27-38, 1974.
 
Bignami A and Dahl D : The development of Bergmann glia in mutant mice with cerebellar malformations : Reeler, staggerer and weaver. Immunofluorescence study with antibodies to the glial fibrillary acidic protein. J Comp Neurol 155 : 219-230, 1974.
 
Bignami A and Dahl D : The astroglial response to stabbing. Immunofluorescence studies with antibodies to astrocyte-specific protein (GFA) in mammalian and submammalian vertebrates. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2 : 99-110, 1976.
 
Bignami A, Eng LF, Dahl D and Uyeda CT : Localization of the glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes by immurofluorescence. Brain Res 43 : 429-435, 1972.
PubMed
Bignami A and Ralston HJ : The cellular reaction to Wallerian degeneration in the central nervous system of the cat. Brain Res 13 : 444-461, 1969.
PubMed
Biondi G : Studi sulla ghiandola pineale : III. I fenomeni secretori ed i lipoidi ; i resultati della colorazione vitale alla Goldmann. Rivital di Neuropat 9 : 303, 1916 (cit from No. 55)
 
Biondi G : Zur Histopathologie des menschlichen Plexus chorioideus and des Ependyms. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkh 101 : 666-728, 1934.
 
Black JA and Waxman SG : The perinodal astrocyte. Glia 1 : 169-183, 1988.
PubMed
Blakmore WF : The ultrastructure of the subependymal plate in the rat. J Anat 104 : 423-433, 1969.
 
Blakemore WF : Microglial reaction following thermal necrosis of the rat cortex : an electron microscope study. Acta Neuropathol 21 : 11-22, 1972.
PubMed
Blakemore WF : Remyelination of the superior cerebellar peduncle in the mouse following demyelination induced by feeding cuprizone. J Neurosci 20 : 73-83, 1973.
 
Blakemore WF : Remyelination by Schwann cells of axons demyelinated by intraspinal injections of 6-aminonicotinamide. J Neurocytol 4 : 745-757, 1975.
PubMed
Blakemore WF : Observations on remyelination in the rabbit spinal cord following demyelination induced by lysolecithin. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 4 : 47-59, 1978.
PubMed
Blakemore WF, Crang AJ and Evans RJ : The effect of chemical injury on oligodendrocytes. In : Viruses and Demyelinating Diseases. Ed by CC Nimms. Academic Press, New York, pp. 167-190, 1984.
 
Blakemore WF, Eames RA, Smith KJ and McDonald WI : Remyelination in the spinal cord of the cat following injections of lysolecithin. J Neurol Sci 33 : 31-43, 1977.
PubMed
Blakemore WF and Jolly RD : The subependymal plate and associated ependyma in the dog. An ultrastructural study. J Neurocytol 1 : 69-84, 1972.
 
Blakemore WF and Smith KJ : Node-like axonal specialisations along demyelinated central nerve fibers-Ultrastructural observations. Acta Neuropathol 60 : 291 296, 1983.
 
Blank NK, Seil FJ and Herndon RM : An ultrastructural study of cortical remodeling in cytosine arabinoside induced granuloprival cerebellum in tissue culture. Neuroscience 7 : 1509-1531, 1982.
PubMed
Bleier R : The relations of ependyma to neurons and capillaries in the hypothalamus : a Golgi-Cox study. J Comp Neural 142 : 439-464, 1971.
 
Blinzinger K and Kreutzberg G : Displacement of synaptic terminals from regenerating motoneurons by microglial cells. Z Zellforsch 85 : 145-157, 1968.
PubMed
Blottner D, Bruggemann W and Unsicker K : Ciliary neurotrophic factor supports target-deprived preganglionic sympathetic spinal cord neurons. Neurosci Lett 105 : 316-320, 1989.
PubMed
Bodenheimer TS and Brightman MW : A bloodbrain barrier to peroxidase in capillaries sur-rounded by perivascular space. Amer J Anat 122 : 249-256, 1968.
 
Bodian D : Development of the fine structure of spinal cord in monkey fetuses. I. The motoneuron neuropil at the time of onset of reflex activity. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 119 : 129-149, 1966.
 
Bohr V and Mbllgird K : Tight junctions in human fetal choroid plexus visualized by freeze-etching. Brain Res 81 : 314-318, 1974.
 
Boll G : Zur Histologie and Histogenese der nervdsen Zentralorgane. Arch Psychiat 4 : 1-138, 1874.
 
Bone Q : The central nervous system of amphioxus. J Comp Neurol 115 : 27-51, 1960.
 
Bonome A : Ban and Histogenese des pathologischen Neurogliagewebes. Virchows Arch 163 : 441-497, 1901.
 
Bonome A : Istogenesis delta nevroglia normale nei vertebrati. Arch Ital Anat Embriol 6 : 157-345, 1907.
 
Bosch EP, Zhong W and Lim R : Axonal signals regulate expression of glia maturation factor-beta in Schwann cells : An immunohistochemical study of injured sciatic nerves and cultured Schwann cells. J Neurosci 9 : 3690-3698, 1989.
 
Bouchaud C and Bouvier D : Fine structure of tight junctions between rat choroidal cells after osmotic opening induced by urea and sucrose. Tissue Cell 10 : 331-342, 1978.
PubMed
Bouffard : Injection des couleurs de Benzidine aux aimaux. Ann l'Inst Pasteur 20 : 589, 1906 (cit. from No. 38 and No. 85)
 
Bovolenta PR, Liem KL and Mason CA : Development of cerebellar astroglia ; Transitions in form and cytoskeletal content. Dev Biol 102 : 248-259, 1984.
 
Bovolenta PR, Liem KL and Mason CA : Glial filament protein expression in astroglia in the mouse visual pathway. Dev Brain Res 33 : 113-126, 1987.
 
Bowman PD, Ennis SR, Rarey RE, Betz AL and Goldstein GW : Brain microvessel endothelial cells in tissue culture : A model for study of blood -brain barrier permeability. Ann Neurol 14 : 396-402, 1983.
 
Boya J : An ultrastructural study of the relationship between pericytes and cerebral macrophages. Acta Anat 95 : 598-608, 1976.
PubMed
Boya J, Calvo J, Carbonell AL and Garcia-Maurino E : Nature of macrophages in rat brain. A histochemical study. Acta Anat 127 : 142-145, 1986.
 
Boya J, Calvo J and Prado A : The origin of microglial cells. J Anat 129 : 177-186, 1979.
PubMed
Bradbury MWB : The Concept of a Blood-Brain Barrier. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1979.
 
Bradbury MWB : The structure and function of the blood-brain barrier. Fed Proc 43 : 186-190, 1984.
 
Bradbury MWB : The blood-brain barrier. Transport across the cerebral endothelium. Circ Res 57 : 213-222, 1985.
 
Brawer JR : The fine structure of the ependymal tanycytes at the level of the arcuate nucleus. J Comp Neurol 145 : 25-42, 1972.
PubMed
Brawer JR, Lin PS and Sonnenschein C : Morphological plasticity in the wall of the third ventricle during the estrous cycle in the rat : a scanning electron microscopic study. Anat Rec 179 : 481-489, 1974.
 
Bray GM, David S, Carlstedt T and Aguayo AJ Effects of crush injury on the abnormalities in the spinal roots and peripheral nerves of dystrophic mice. Muscle Nerve 6 : 497-503, 1983.
PubMed
Bray GM, Rasminsky MJ and Aguayo AJ : Interactions between axons and their sheath cells. Ann Rev Neurosci 4 : 127-162, 1981.
 
Brierley JB : The blood-brain barrier : structural aspects. In : Metabolism of the Nervous System. Ed by D Richter. Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 121-135, 1957.
 
Brierley JB and Brown AW : The origin of lipid phagocytes in the central nervous system. II. The adventitia of blood vessels. J Comp Neurol 211 : 407-417, 1982.
 
Brightman MW : The distribution within the brain of ferritin injected into cerebrospinal fluid compartments. I. Ependymal distribution. J Cell Biol 26 : 99-123, 1965.
PubMed
Brightman MW : The distribution within the brain of ferritin injected into cerebrospinal fluid compartment. II. Parencymal distribution. Amer J Anat 117 : 193-219, 1965.
 
Brightman MW : Intracerebral movement of proteins injected into blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Anat Rec 157 : 219 (Abstr), 1967.
 
Brightman MW : The intracerebral movement of proteins injected into blood and cerebrospinal fluid of mice. In : Progress in Brain Research, Vol 29 Brain Barrier Systems. Ed by A Lajtha and DH Ford. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 19-37, 1968.
 
Brightman MW : Morphology of the blood-brain-barrier. Exper Eye Res (Suppl) 25 : 1-25, 1977.
 
Brightman MW, Hori M, Rapoport SI, Reese TS and Westergaard E : Osmotic opening of tight junction in cerebral endothelium. J Comp Neurol 152 : 317-326, 1974.
 
Brightman MW, Klatzo I, Olsson Y and Reese TS : The blood-barrier to proteins under normal and pathological conditions. I Neurol Sci 10 : 215-239, 1970.
PubMed
Brightman MW and Palay SL : The fine structure of ependyma in the brain of the rat. J Cell Biol 19 : 415-439, 1963.
 
Brightman MW, Prescott L and Reese TS : Intercellular junctions of special ependyma. In : Brain-Endocrine Interaction II. Ed by NM Knigge, DF Scott, H Kobayashi and S Ishii. Krager, Basal, pp. 146-165, 1975.
 
Brightman MW and Reese TS : Astrocytic and ependymal junctions in the mouse brain. J Cell Biol 35 : 16A-17A, 1967.
 
Brightman MW and Reese TS : Junctions between ntimately apposed cell membranes in the vertebrate brain. J Cell Biol 40 : 648-677, 1969.
 
Brightman MW, Reese TS, Olson Y and Klatzo I : Morphologic aspects of the blood-brain barrier on peroxidase in elasmobranchs. Progr Neuropathol 1 : 146-161, 1971.
 
Brizzee KR and Jacobs LA : The glia/neuron index in the submolecular layers of the motor cortex in the cat. Anat Rec 134 : 97-105, 1959.
PubMed
Broadwell RD and Brightman MW : Entry of peroxidase into neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems from extracerebral and cerebral blood. J Comp Neurol 166 : 257-284, 1976.
 
Brockes JP, Breakefield XO and Martuza RL : Glial growth factor-like activity in Schwann cell tumors. Ann Neurol 20 : 317-322, 1986.
PubMed
Brockes JP, Fields KL and Raff MC : A surface antigenic marker for rat Schwann cells. Nature 266 : 364-366, 1977.
PubMed
Brockes JP, Fields KL and Raff MC : Studied on cultured rat Schwann cells. I. Establishment of purified populations from cultures of peripheral nerve. Brain Res 165 : 105-118, 1979.
 
Brockes JP, Fryxell KJ and Lemke GE : Studies on cultured Schwann cells : The induction of myelin synthesis, and the control of their proliferation by a new growth factor. J Exper Biol 95 : 215-230, 1981.
 
Brockes JP, Lemke GE and Balzer DR jr : Purification and preliminary characterization of a glial growth factor from bovine pituitary. J Biol Chem 255 : 8374-8377, 1980.
PubMed
Brockes JP, Raff MC, Nishiguchi J and Winter J : Studies on cultured rat Schwann cells. II. Assays for peripheral myelin proteins. J Neurocytol 9 : 67-77, 1980.
 
Brownson RH : Perineuronal satellite cells in the motor cortex of aging brains. J Neuropathol exper Neurol 14 : 424-432, 1955 and 15 : 190-195, 1956.
 
Brunden KR and Poduslo JF : Lysosomal dilivery of the major myelin glycoprotein in the absence of myelin assembly : Post-translational regulation of the level of expression by Schwann cells. J Cell Biol 104 : 661-669, 1987-
 
Bruin JE, Clattenburg RE and Millar E : Tanycyte ependymal cells in the third ventricle of young and adults rats : a Golgi study. Anat Anz 153 : 53-68, 1983.
 
Bruni JE, Del Bigio MR and Clattenburg RE : Ependyma : normal and pathological. A review of the literature. Brain Res Rev 9 : 1-19, 1985.
 
Bruni JE, Montemurro DG, Clattenburg RE and Singh RP : A scanning electron microscopic study of the ependymal surface of the third ventricle of the rabbit, rat, mouse and human brain. Anat Rec 174 : 407-420, 1972.
PubMed
Brunt JE, Montemurro DG, Clattenburg RE and Singh RP : Scanning electron microscopy of the ependymal surface of the third ventricle after silver nitrate staining. Brain Res 61 : 207-216, 1973.
 
Bundgaard M and Cserr HF : A glial blood-brain barrier in elasmobranchs. Brain Res 226 : 61-73, 1981.
 
Bunge MB, Bunge RP, Carey DJ, Cornbrooks CJ, Eldridge CF, Williams AK and Wood PM : Axonal and nonaxonal influences on Schwann cell development. In : Developing and Regenerating Vertebrate Nervous Systems. Ed by PW Coates, RR Markwald and AD Kenny. Alan R Liss Inc, New York, pp 71-105, 1983.
 
Bunge MB, Bunge RP and Pappas GD : Electron microscopic demonstration of connections between glia and myelin sheaths in the developing mammalian nervous system. J Cell Biol 12 : 448-453, 1962.
PubMed
Bunge MB, Bunge RP and Ris H : Ultrastructural study of remyelination in an experimental lesion in adult cat spinal cord. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 10 : 67-94, 1961.
 
Bunge MB, Williams AK and Wood PM : Neuron-Schwann cell interaction in basal lamina formation. Dev Biol 92 : 449-460, 1982.
PubMed
Bunge MB, Williams AK, Wood PM, Uitto J and Jeffrey JJ : Comparison of nerve cell and nerve cell plus Schwann cell cultures with particular emphasis on basal lamina and collagen formation. J Cell Biol 84 : 184-202, 1980.
PubMed
Bunge RP : Glial cells and the central myelin sheath. Physicl Rev 48 : 197-251, 1968.
 
Bunge RP and Bunge MB : Cues and constraints in Schwann cell development. In : Studies in Developmental Neurobiology. Ed by WM Cowan. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 322-353, 1981.
 
Bunge RP and Bunge MB : Tissue culture observations relating to peripheral nerve development, regeneration, and disease. In : Peripheral Neuropathy. Ed by PJ Dyck, PK Thomas, EH Lambert and RP Bunge. WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia Vol 1, pp 378-399, 1984.
 
Bunge RP, Bunge MB and Eldridge CF : Linkage between axonal ensheathment and basal lamina production by Schwann cells. Ann Rev Neurosci 9 : 305-328, 1986.
PubMed
Bunge RP, Bunge MB and Ris H : Electron microscopic study of demyelination in an experimentally induced lesion in adult cat spinal cord. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 7 : 685-696, 1960.
 
Bunge RP, Bunge MB, Williams AK and Wartels LK : Does the dystrophic mouse nerve lesion result from an extracellular matrix abnormality? In : Disorders of the Motor Unit. Ed by DL Schotland. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 23-34, 1982.
 
Burnett BT and Felten DL : Aqueductal tanycytes in the rabbit brain. A Golgi study. Anat Rec 200 : 337-347, 1981.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sur l'organe et les ramifications des fibres nerveuses de la moelle embryonnaire. Anat Anz 5 : 85-95 et 111-119, 1890.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : A quelle epoque apparaissent les expansions des cellules nerveuses de la moelle epiniere do poulet? Anat Anz 5 : 609-613 et 631-639, 1890.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sur la structure de l'ecorce cerebrale de quelques mammiferes. Cellule 7 : 126-176, 1891.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Las espinas colaterales de las celulas del cerebro tennidas con el azul de metileno. Riv Trim Micrograf 1 : 123-136, 1896.
 
Cajal S Ramfon y : Un sencillo metodo de coloracion selectira del reticulo protoplasmatico y sus efectos en los diversos organos nerviosos. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 2 : 129-221, 1903.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Textura del Sistema Nervioso del Hombre y de los Vertebrados. Moya, Madrid 1904.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Mecanismo de la regeneracion de los nervius. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 4 : 119-210, 1905.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Genesis de las fibras nerviosas del embrion. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 4 : 227-294, 1905.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Nouvelles observations sur l'evolution des neuroblastes avec quelques remarques sur l'hypothese neurogenetique de Hensen-Held. Anat Anz 32 : 1-25 et 65-87, 1908.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Histologie do Systeme Nerveux de l'Homme et des Vertebras. Tome 1, pp 164-174 et 209-214, Maloine, Paris 1911.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sobre on neuvo proceder de impregnacion de la neuroglia y sus resultados en los centros nerviosos del hombre y animates. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 11 : 219-237, 1913.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Contribution al conocimiento de la neuroglia del cerebro humane. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 11 : 255-315, 1913.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Estudios sobre la Degeneracion y Regeneracifin del Sistema Nervioso. 2 Vels, Degeneration y Regeneracion de los Centros Nerviosos. Madrid, Moya, 1914 : Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System. (Translated by M. May) Ed by J DeFelipe and EG Jones. Oxford University Press, New York, 1991.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Recuerdos de mi vida. 3rd ed. Pueyo, Madrid 1923. Recollections of My Life. Tranlated by EH Craigie and J Cano. The MIT Press, Cambridge-London, 1989.
 
Caley DW and Maxwell DS : An electron microscope study of the neuroglia during postnatal development of the rat cerebrum. J Comp Neurol 133 : 45-69, 1968.
PubMed
Caley DW and Maxwell DS : Development of the blood vessels and extracellular spaces during postnatal maturation of rat cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 138 : 31-48, 1970.
PubMed
Cameron-Curry P, Dulac C and LeDouarin NM : Expression of the SNIP antigen by oligodendrocytes in the developing avian central nervous system. Development 107 : 825-833, 1989.
 
Cammer RS and Rakic P : Glial cell lineage in the cerebral cortex : a review and synthesis. Glia 4 : 124-137, 1991.
 
Cammer W : Carbonic anhydrase in oligodendrocytes and myelin in the central nervous sys-tem. Ann NY Acad Sci 429 : 494-497, 1984.
 
Cammer W, Sarchi R, Kohn S and Sapirstein V : Oligodendroglial structures and distribution shown by carbonic anhydrase immunostaining in the spinal cords of developing normal and Shiverer mice. J Neurosci Res 14 : 303-316, 1985.
 
Cammer M, Snyder DS, Zimmerman TR jr, Farooq M and Norton WT : Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase : activities in oligodendrocytes, neurons, astrocytes, and myelin isolated from developing rat brains. J Neurochem 38 : 360-367, 1982.
 
Cammer W and Tansey FA : Carbonic anhydrase immunostaining in astrocytes in the rat cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 50 : 319-322, 1988.
PubMed
Cammer W and Zimmerman TR jr : Glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and carbonic anhydrase activities in oligodendrocytes and myelin : Comparisons between species and CNS regions. Brain Res 282 : 21-26, 1982.
 
Cammermeyer J : Differential response of two neuron types to facial nerve transection in young and old rabbits. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 12 : 594-616, 1963.
 
Cammermeyer J : I. Juxtavascular karyokinesis and microglia cell proliferation during retro grade reaction in the mouse facial nucleus. Erg Anat Entwickl-gesch 38 : 1-22, 1965.
 
Cammermeyer J : VI. Histiocytes, juxtavascular mitotic cells and microglia cells during retrograde changes in the facial nucleus of rabbits of varying age. Erg Anat Entwickl-gesch 38 : 195-229, 1965.
 
Cammermeyer J : Morphologic distinctions between oligodendrocytes and microglia cells in the rabbit cerebral cortex. Amer J Anat 118 : 227-247, 1966.
PubMed
Cammermeyer J : The life history of the microglia cell : a light microscopic study. In : Neuroscience Research. Ed by S Ehrenpreis and OC Solnitzky. Academic Press, New York, Vol 3, pp. 44-130, 1970.
 
Cammermeyer J : A light microscopic study of microglia cells : Mitosis, development and proliferation. In : VI Congr Internal Neuropathol. Masson, Paris, pp. 424-426, 1970.
 
Campagnoni AT : Synthesis of the myelin proteolipid protein in the developing mouse brain. J Neurobiol 11 : 355-364, 1980.
 
Campagnoni AT and Hunkeler MJ : Synthesis of the myelin proteolipid protein in the developing mouse brain. J Neurobiol 11 : 355-364, 1980.
 
Campagnoni CW, Carey GD and Campagnoni AT : Synthesis of myelin basic protein in the developing mouse brain. Arch Biochem Biophys 190 : 118-125, 1978.
PubMed
Card JP and Rafols JA : Tanycytes of the third ventricle of the neonatal rat : a Golgi study. Amer J Anat 151 : 178-190, 1978.
 
Carey DJ and Bunge RP : Factors influencing the release of proteins in cultured Schwann cells. J Cell Biol 91 : 666-672, 1981.
PubMed
Carey DJ, Eldridge CF, Cornbrooks CJ, Timple R and Bunge RP : Biosynthesis of type IV collagen by cultured rat Schwann cells. J Cell Biol 97 : 473-479, 1983.
 
Carnoi P and Schwab ME : Antibody against myelin-associated inhibitor of neurite growth neutralizes non-permissive substrate properties of CNS white matter. Neuron 1 : 85-96, 1988.
 
Carnoi P and Schwab ME : Two membrane protein fractions from rat central myelin with inhibitory properties for neurite growth and fibroblast spreading. J Cell Bind 106 : 1281-1288, 1988.
 
Carnoi P and Schwab ME : Codistribution of neurite growth inhibitors and oligodendrocytes in rat CNS : Appearance follows nerve fiber growth and precedes myelination. Dev Biol 136 : 287-295, 1989.
 
Carpenter EM and Hollyday M : Defective innervation of chick limbs in the absence of presumptive Schwann cells. Soc Neurosci Abstr 12 : 1210, 1986.
 
Carpenter SJ, McCarthy LE and Borison HL : Electron microscopic study on the epiplexus (Kolmer) cells of the cat choroid plexus. Z Zellforsch 110 : 471-486, 1970.
PubMed
Carr I : The Macrophages. A Review of Ultrastructure and Function. Academic Press, New York, 1973.
 
Carr VM : Peripheral effects on early development of chick spinal ganglia. Neurosci Abstr 1 : 749, 1975.
 
Case NM : Hemosiderin granules in the choroid plexus. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 6 : 527-530, 1959.
PubMed
Cassel D, Wood PM, Bunge RP and Glaser L : Mitogenecity of brain axolemma membranes and soluble factors for dorsal root ganglion Schwann cells. J Cell Biochem 18 : 433-445, 1982.
 
Castel M, Sahar A and Erlij D : The movement of lanthanum across diffusion barriers in the choroid plexus of the cat. Brain Res 67 : 178-184, 1974.
PubMed
Cathcart RS and Worthington WC : Ciliary movement in the rat cerebral ventricles : clearing action and direction of current. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 23 : 609-618, 1964.
 
Cavanagh JB : The proliferation of astrocytes around a needle wound in the rat brain. J Anat 106 : 471-487, 1970.
 
Cavanagh JB : Liver bypass and the glia. Res Publ Ass Nerv Ment Dis 53 : 13-38, 1974.
 
Cavanagh JB and Kyu MIT : On the mechanism of Type I Alzheimer abnormality in the nuclei of astrocytes. J Neurol Sci 12 : 241-261, 1971.
 
Cavanagh JB and Lewis PD : Perfusion-fixation, colchicine and mitotic activity in the adult rat brain. J Anat 104 : 341-350, 1969.
 
Chamberlain JG : Scanning electron microscopy of epiplexus cells. Amer J Anat 139 : 443-447, 1974.
 
Chan-Palay V and Palay SL : High voltage electron microscopy of rapid Golgi preparations. Neurons and their processes in the cerebellar cortex of monkey and rat. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 137 : 125-152, 1972.
 
Chan-Palay V and Palay SL : The form of velate astrocytes in the cerebellar cortex of monkey and rat : high voltage electron microscopy of rapid Golgi preparations. Z Anal Entwickl-gesch 138 : 1-19, 1972.
 
Chiu SY : Sodium currents in axon-associated Schwann cells from adult rabbits. J Physiol 386 : 181-203, 1987.
PubMed
Chiu SY : Changes in excitable membrane properties in Schwann cells of adult rabbit sciatic nerves following nerve transection. J Physiol 396 : 173-188, 1988.
PubMed
Chiu SY, Shrager P and Ritchie JM : Neuronal-type Na+ and K+ channels in rabbit cultured Schwann cells. Nature 311 : 156-157, 1984.
 
Chiu SY and Wilson GF : The role of potassium channels in Schwann cell proliferation in Wallerian degeneration of explant rabbit sciatic nerves. J Physiol 408 : 199-222, 1989.
 
Choi BH : Radial glia of developing human fetal spinal cord : Golgi, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. Dev Brain Res 1 : 249-267, 1981.
 
Choi BH and Kim RC : Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in immature oligodendroglia. Science 223 : 407-409, 1984.
 
Choi BH and Kim RC : Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein by immature oligodendroglia and its implications. J Neuroimmunol 8 : 215-235, 1985.
 
Choi BH, Kim RC and Lapham L : Do radial glia give rise to both astroglia and oligodendroglial cells? Dev Brain Res 148 : 295-311, 1983.
 
Choi BH and Lapham LW : Radial glia in the human fetal cerebrum : A combinated Golgi, immunofluorescence and electron microscope study. Brain Res 148 : 295-311, 1978.
PubMed
Church RL, Tanzer ML and Pfeiffer SE : Collagen and procollagen production by a clonal line of Schwann cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70 : 1943-1946, 1973.
PubMed
Clark MB and Bunge MB : Cultured Schwann cells assemble normal-appearing basal lamina only when they ensheathed axons. Dev Biol 133 : 393-404, 1989.
PubMed
Clark SC and Kamens R : The human hemato poietic colony-stimulating factors. Science 236 : 1229-1237, 1987.
 
Clementi F and Morini D : The surface fine structure of the walls of the cerebral ventricles and choroid plexus in cat. Z Zellforsch 123 : 82-95, 1972.
 
Coates PW : The third ventricle of monkeys ; Scanning electron microscopy of surface features in mature males and females. Cell Tissue Res 177 : 307-316, 1977.
PubMed
Coates PW : Supraependymal cells and fiber processes in the fetal monkey third ventricle : correlated scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In : Scanning Electron Microscopy/1978/II. Ed by RP Becker and O Johari. AMF O'Hare III Scanning Electron Microscopy Inc, pp 143-150, 1978.
 
Coates PW and Davis SL : The sheep third ventricle : scanning electron microscopy of estrous, anestrous and estrogen - progestrone - treated anestrous ewes. Biol Reprod 17 : 567-573, 1977.
 
Cobb S : The cerebrospinal blood vessels. In : Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System. Ed by W Penfield. Hoeber, New York, Vol 2, pp-577-610, 1932.
 
Connell CJ and Mercer KL : Freeze-fractured appearance of the capillary endothelium in the cerebral cortex of mouse brain. Amer J Anat 140 : 595-600, 1974.
PubMed
Coomber BL and Stewart PA : Morphometric analysis of CNS microvascular endothelium. Microvas Res 30 : 99-115, 1985.
 
Coomber BL and Stewart PA : Three dimensional reconstruction of vesicles in endothelium of blood brain barrier versus highly permeable microvessels. Anal Rec 215 : 256-267, 1986.
 
Cooper NGF and Steindler DA : Monoclonal antibody to glial fibrillary acidic protein reveals a parcellation of individual barrels in the early postnatal mouse somatosensory cortex. Brain Res 380 : 341-348, 1986.
 
Cooper NGF and Steindler DA : Lectins demarcate the barrel subfield in the somatosensory cortex of the early postnatal mouse. J Comp Neurol 249 : 157-169, 1986.
 
Cornbrooks CJ, Mithen F, Cochran JIM and Bunge RP : Factors affecting Schwann cell basal lamina formation in cultures of dorsal root ganglia from mice with muscular dystrophy. Dev Brain Res 6 : 57-67, 1983.
 
Cornell-Bell All, Einkbeiner SM, Cooper MS and Smith SJ : Glutamate induces calcium waves in cultured astrocytes : Long-range glial signaling. Science 247 : 470-473, 1990.
 
Costero I : Estudio del comportamiento de la microglia cultivado in vitro. Datos concermientes a so histogenesis. Mem R See Cep Histol Nat 14 : 125-182, 1930.
 
Costero I : Studien an Mikrogliazellen (sogenannten Hortegazellen) in Gewebekulturen vom Gehirn. Arb Staatsinst Exper Ther, Frankfurt 23 : 27-37, 1930.
 
Costero I : Experimenteller Nachweis der morphologischen and funktionellen Eigenschaften and des mesodermischen Charakters der Mikroglia. Zbl Ges Neurol Psychiat 132 : 371-406, 1931.
 
Cowan WM, Martin AH and Wenger E : Mitotic patterns in the optic tectum of the chick during normal development and after early removal of the optic vesicle. J Exper Zool 169 : 71-92, 1968.
 
Crone C : The permeability of capillaries in various organs as determined by use of the "indicator diffusion" method. Acta Physiol Scand 58 : 292-305, 1963.
PubMed
Crone C : The blood-brain barrier : a modified tight epithelium. In : The Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Disease, Ed by AJ Suckey, MG Rumsby and MWB Bradbury. Horwood, Chichester, pp. 17-40, 1986.
 
Cserr HF : Physiology of the choroid plexus. Physiol Rev 51 : 312-367, 1971.
 
Cserr HF : Role of secretion and bulk flow of brain interstitial fluid in brain volume regulation. Ann NY Acad Sci 529 : 9-20, 1988.
PubMed
Culican SM, Baumrind NL, Yamamoto M and Pearlman AL : Cortical radial glia : identification in tissue culture and evidence for their transformation to astrocytes. J Neurosci 10 : 684-692, 1990.
PubMed
Cummins J and Hyden H : Adenosine triphosphate levels and adenosine triphosphatases in neurons, glia and neuronal membranes of the vestibular nucleus. Biochim Biophys Acta 60 : 271-283. 1962.
PubMed
Curtis EM, Stewart MG and King TS : Quantitation of synaptic, neuronal and glial development in the intermediate and medial hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) of the chick, Gallus dornesticus, pre- and post-hatch. Dev Brain Res 48 : 105-118, 1989.
PubMed
Curtis R, Cohen 1, Fok-Seang J, Hanley MR, Gregson NA, Reynolds R and Wilkins GP : Develop-ment of macroglial cells in rat cerebellum. I. Use of antibodies to follow early in vivo development and migration of oligodendrocytes. J Neurocytol 17 : 51-59, 1988.
 
Cushing H : Studies on the cerebrospinal fluid. I. Introduction. J Med Res 26 : 1-19, 1914.
 
Dahl D : The vimentin-GFA protein transition in rat neuroglia cytoskeleton occurs at the time of myelination. J Neurosci Res 6 : 741-748, 1981.
PubMed
Dahl D, Chi NH, Miles LE, Nguyen BT and Bignami A : GFA protein in Schwann cells : Fact or artefact. J Ilistochem Cytochem 30 : 912-918, 1982.
PubMed
Dahl D, Rueger DC, Bignami A, Weber K and Osborn M : Vimentin, the 57,000 molecular weight protein of fibroblast filaments, is the major cytoskeletal component in immature glia. Eur J Cell Biol 24 : 191-196, 1981.
PubMed
Dahl E : The innervation of the cerebral arteries. J Anat 115 : 53-63, 1973.
PubMed
Dahl E : Fine structure of cilia in rat cerebral cortex. Z Zellforsch 60 : 369-386, 1973.
 
Dalton MW, Hommes OR and Leblond CP : Correlation of glial proliferation with age in the mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 134 : 397-400, 1968.
 
Dandy WE : Experimental hydrocephalus. Ann Surg 70 : 129-142, 1919.
PubMed
Davis DA, Lloyd BJ and Milhorat T : A comparative ultrastructural study of the choroid plexuses of the immature pig. Ana Rec 176 : 443-454, 1973.
 
Davison AN : Myelination. In : Fortschritte der Padologie. Ed by F Linneweh. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Vol 11, pp. 65-87, 1968.
 
Davson H : Physiology of the Cerebrospinal Fluid. Little Brown and Co, Boston, 1967.
 
Davson H : The blood-brain barrier. In : The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue. Ed by GH Bourne. Academic Press, New York, Vol IV, pp. 323-445, 1972.
 
Davson H, Zlokovic B, Rakic L and Segal MB : Introduction of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Macmillan, London, 1993.
 
Debbage PL : The generation and regeneration of oligodendroglia. J Neurol Sci 72 : 319-336, 1986.
PubMed
Deiters O : Untersuchungen Uber Gehirn and Ruckenmark des Menschen and der Saugetiere. Herausgeg von M. Schultze. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig, 1865.
 
Deitmer JW and Schlue WR : An inwardly directed electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate co-transport in leech glial cells. J Physiol 411 : 179-194, 1989.
PubMed
Del Cerro M and Monjan AA : Unequivocal demonstration of the hematogenous origin of brain macrophages in a stab wound by a double-label technique. Neuroscience 4 : 1399-1404, 1979.
 
De Long GR and Sidman RL : Effects of eye removal at birth on histogenesis of the mouse superior colliculus. An autoradiographic analysis with tritiated thymidine. J Comp Neurol 118 : 205-224, 1962.
 
Dempsey EW and Wislocki GB : The use of silver nitrate as a vital stain, and its distribution in several mammalian tissues as studied with the electron microscope. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1 : 111-118, 1955.
PubMed
Dempsey EW and Wislocki GB : An electron microscopic study of the blood-brain barrier in the rat, employing silver nitrate as a vital stain. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1 : 245-256, 1955.
 
Dermietzel R : Junctions in the central nervous system of the cat. VI. Interendothelial junctions of cerebral blood vessels from selected areas of the brain. Cell Tissue Res 164 : 45-62, 1975.
 
Detwiler SR and Kehoe K : Further observations on the origin of the sheath cells of Schwann. J Exper Zool 81 : 415-435, 1939.
 
Deuel TF : Polypeptide growth factors : Roles in normal and abnormal cell growth. Ann Rev Biol 3 : 443-492, 1987.
 
De Vitry F, Picart R, Jacque E and Tixier-Vidal A : Glial fibrillary acidic protein -a cellular marker of tanycytes in the mouse hypothalamus. Dev Neurosci 4 : 457-460, 1981.
 
De Vries GH, Salzer JL and Bunge RP : Axolemma -enriched fractions isolated from PNS and CNS are mitogenic for cultured Schwann cells. Brain Res 255 : 295-299, 1982.
PubMed
Diamond MC, Krech D and Rosenweig MR : The effects of an enriched environment on the histology of the rat cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 123 : 111-119, 1964.
 
Diamond MC, Law F, Rhodes H, Lindner B, Rosenzweig MR, Krech D and Bennett EL : Increases in cortical depth and glial numbers in rats subjected to enriched environment. J Comp Neurol 128 : 117-126, 1966.
PubMed
Dickson DW, Crystal H, Mattiace LA, Kress Y, Schwagerl A, Ksiezak-Reding H, Davies P and Yen SH : Diffuse Lewy body disease : light and electronmicroscopic immunocytochemistry of senile plaques. Acta Neuropathol 78 : 572-584, 1989.
 
Dickson DW and Mattiace LA : Astrocytes and microglia in human brain share an epitope recognized by a B-lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibody (LN-1). Amer J Pathol 135 : 135-147, 1989.
 
Dickson DW, Wertkin A, Kress Y, Ksiezak-Reding H and Yen SFI : Ubiquitin immunoreactive structures in normal human brains. Distribution and developmental aspects. Lab Invest 63 : 87-99, 1990.
 
Dickson DW, Wertkin A, Mattiace LA, Fier E, Kress Y, Davies P and Yen SH : Ubiquitin immunoelectron microscopy of dystrophic neurites in cerebellar senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 79 : 486-493, 1990.
PubMed
Dickson DW, Wertkin A, Mattiace LA, Fier E, Kress Y, Schwagerl A, Ksiezak-Reding II, Davies P and Yen SH : Diffuse Lewy body disease : light and electron microscopic immunocyto chemistry of senile plaques. Acta Neuropathol 78 : 572-584, 1989.
 
Dickson DW, Belman AL, Park YD, Wiley C, Holoupian DS, Liena J, Kure K, Lymen WD et al. : Central nervous system pathology in pediatric AIDS : An autopsy study. APMIS. Suppl 8 : 40-57, 1989.
 
Diemer NH and Klinken L : Astrocyte mitoses and Alzheimer type I and II astrocytes in anoxic encephalopathy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2 : 313-321, 1976.
 
DiStefano PS and Johnson EM jr : Nerve growth factor receptors on cultured rat Schwann cells. J Neurosci 8 : 231-241, 1988.
PubMed
DiStefano PS and Johnson EM jr : Identification of a truncated form of the nerve growth factor receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 270-274, 1988.
PubMed
Dobbing J : The blood-brain barrier. Physiol Rev 41 : 130-188, 1961.
PubMed
Dohrmann GL : The choroid plexus : a historical review. Brain Res 18 : 197-218, 1970.
 
Donahue S : A relationship between fine structure and function of blood vessels in the central nervous system of rabbit fetuses. Amer J Anat 115 : 17-26, 1964.
 
Donahue S, Pappas GD : The fine structure of capillanes in the cerebral cortex of the rat at various stages of devolopment. Amer J Anat 108 : 331-347, 1961.
 
Donato R : Perspectives in S-100 protein biology. Cell Calcium 12 : 713-726, 1991.
 
Donelli G, D'Uva D and Paoletti L : Ultrastructure of gliosomes in ependymal cells of the lizard. J Ultrastruct Res 50 : 253-263, 1975.
 
Droz B, di Giamberardino L, Koenig NJ, Boyenval J and Hassig R : Axon-myelin transfer of phospholipid components in the course of their axonal transport as visualized by radio-autography. Brain Res 155 : 347-353, 1978.
 
Duhois-Dalcq M, Rentier B, Baron-Van Evercorn A and Bunge BW : Structure and behavior of rat primary and secondary Schwann cells in vitro. Exper Cell Res 131 : 283-297, 1981.
 
Duchen LW : Reaction astrocytes to injury. In : Greenfield's Neuropathology. Ed by JH Adams, JAN Corsellis and LW Duchen. Edward Arnold, London, pp. 33-36, 1984.
 
Duffy PE, Graf L, Huang Y-Y and Rapport MM : Glial fibrillary acidic protein in ependymomas and other brain tumors. J Neurol Sci 40 : 133-146, 1979.
PubMed
Duffy PE, Huang KI and Rapport MM : The relationship of GFAP to shape, motility, and differentiation of human astrocytoma cells. Exper Cell Res 139 : 145-157, 1982.
 
Dulac C, Cameron-Curry P, Ziller C and Le Dourain NM : A surface protein expressed by avian myelinating and nonmyelinating Schwann cells but not by satellite or enteric glial cells. Neuron 1 : 211-220, 1988.
PubMed
Duncan D : The importance of axon diameter as a factor in myelination. Science 79 : 363, 1934.
 
Duncan D : A relation between axon diameter and myelination determined by measurement of myelinated spinal root fibers. J Comp Neurol 60 : 437-472, 1934.
 
Duncan ID : Electron microscope study of the embryonic neural tube and notochord. Texas Rep Biol Med 15 : 367-377, 1957.
 
Dupouey P, Benjelloum-Touini S and Gomes D : Histochemical demonstration of an organized cytoarchitecture of the radial glia in the CNS of the embryonic mouse. Dev Neurosci 7 : 81-93, 1985.
 
Ehrlich P : Uber die spezifischen Granulationen des Blutes. Arch Anat Physiol, Physiol Abt (Verb Physiol Ges, Berlin 1878-1979), 571-579, 1879.
 
Ehrlich P : Das Sauerstoffbedurfnis des Organismus. Eire farbenanalytische Studie. August Hirschwald, Berlin, 1885, S 1-67.
 
Ehrlich P : Die Methylenblaureaktion der lebenden Nervensubstanz. Dtsch Med Wochschr 12 : 49-52, 1886.
 
Ehrlich P : Bedeutung der substituierenden Schwefelsaure-gruppe. Therap Monatschr 1 : 88, 1887.
 
Ehrlich P : Constitution, Verteilung und Wirkung chemischer Korper. Leipzig, 1898, s 2-63.
 
Eisath G : uber normale and pathologische Histologie der menschlichen Neuroglia. Mschr Psychiat Neurol 20 : 1-87, 139-165 and 240-265, 1906.
 
Eisenbarth GS, Walsh FS and Nirenberg M : Monoclonal antibody to a plasma membrane antigen of neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76 : 4913-4917, 1979.
PubMed
Eldridge CF, Bunge MB, Bunge RP and Wood PM : Differentiation of axon-related Schwann cells in vitro. I. Ascorbic acid regulates basal lamina assembly and myelin formation. J Cell Biol 105 : 1023-1034, 1987.
PubMed
Eng LF : The glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein. In : Proteins of the Nervous System. Ed by RA Bradshaw and DM Schneider. Raven Press, New York, pp. 85-117, 1980.
 
Eng LF and Bigbee JW : Immunohistochemistry of nervous system-specific antigens. In : Advances in Neurochemistry. Ed by BW Agranoff and MH Aprison. Plenum Publ Co, New York, Vol 3, pp. 43-98, 1978.
 
Eng LF and De Armond SJ : Immunocytochemical studies of astrocytes in normal development and disease. Adv Cell Neurobiol 3 : 145-171, 1982.
 
Eng LF, Gerstl B and Vanderhaeghen JJ : A study of proteins in old multiple sclerosis plaques. Trans Amer Soc Neurochem 1 : 42, 1970.
 
Eng LF and Shiurba RA : Glial fibrillary acidic protein : a review of structure, function, and clinical application. In : Neuronal and Glial Proteins. Ed by PJ Marangos, IC Campbell and RM Cohen. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 339-360, 1988.
 
Eng LF, Vanderhaegen JJ, Bignami A and Gerstl B : An acidic protein isolated from fibrous astrocytes. Brain Res 28 : 351-354, 1971.
 
Ernyei S and Young MR : Pulsatile and myelin-forming activities of Schwann cells. J Physiol(Lond) 183 : 469-480, 1966.
 
Esiri MM and McGeer JO'D : Monoclonal antibody to macrophages (EMB/11) labels macrophages and microglial cells in human brain. J Clin Pathol 39 : 615-621, 1986.
 
Falck B, Hillarp NA, Thieme G and Thorp A : Fluorescence of catecholamine and related com-pounds with formaldehyde. J Histochem Cytochem 10 : 348-354, 1962.
 
Fallon JR : Preferential outgrowth of central nervous system neurites on astrocytes and Schwann cells as compared with non glial cells in vitro. J Cell Biol 100 : 198-207, 1985.
 
Farquhar MG and Hartmann JF : Electron microscopy of cerebral capillaries. Anat Rec 124 : 288-289, 1956.
 
Farquhar MG and Hartmann JF : Neuroglial strut ture and relationships as revealed by electron microscopy. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 16 : 18-39, 1957.
 
Farquhar MG, Palade GE : Segregation of ferritin in glomerular protein absorption droplets. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 7 : 297-304, 1960.
PubMed
Fedoroff S : Tracing the astrocyte lineage in mouse neopallium in vitro and in vivo. In : Tissue Culture in Neurobiology. Ed by E. Giacobini, A Vernadakis and A Shahar. Raven Press, New York, pp. 349-372, 1980.
 
Fedoroff S : Macroglial cell lineages. In : Molecular Bases of Neural Development. Ed by GM Edelman, WE Gall and WM Cowan. Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 91-117, 1985.
 
Fedoroff S : Prenatal ontogenesis of astrocytes. In : Cellular Neurobiology, A Series : Astrocytes. Development, Morphology and Regional Specialization of Astrocytes. Ed by S Fedoroff and A Vernadakis. Academic Press, Orlando, Vol 1, pp. 35-74, 1986.
 
Fedoroff S, White RV, Neal J, Subrahmanyan L and Kalnins VI : Astrocyte lineage II. Mouse fibrous astrocytes and reactive astrocytes in cultures have vimentin and GFP-containing intermediate filaments. Dev Brain Res 7 : 303-315, 1983.
 
Felten DL, Cummings JP and Burnett BT : Ontogeny of caudal tooth ventricular tanycytes in the rabbit brain : a Golgi study. Anat Rec 200 : 321-330, 1981.
 
Ferguson RK and Woodbury DM : Penetration of 14C-inulin and 14C-sucrose into brain, cerebrospinal fluid and skeletal muscle of developing rats. Exper Brain Res 7 : 181-194, 1969.
 
Ferrer I and Sarmiento J : Nascent microglia in the developing brain. Acta Neuropathol 50 : 61-67, 1980.
PubMed
ffrench-Constant C, Miller RH, Kruse J, Schachner M and Raff MC : Molecular specialization of astrocyte processes at nodes of Ranvier in rat optic nerve. J Cell Biol 102 : 844-852, 1986.
PubMed
ffrench-Constant C and Raff MC : The oligoden drocyte-type-2 astrocyte cell lineage is specialized for myelination. Nature 323 : 335-338, 1986.
 
Fieandt Hv : Fine neue Methode zur Darstellung des Gliagewebes, nebst Beitragen zur Kenntnis des Baues and der Anordnung der Neuroglia des Hundehirns. Arch Mikr Anat 76 : 125-209, 1910.
 
Fieandt H v : Weitere Beitrage zur Frage nach der feineren Struktur des Gliagewebes. Beitr Pathol Anat 51 : 247-261, 1911.
 
Field EJ, Raine CS and Hughes D : Failure to induce myelin sheath formation around artificial fibers with a note on the toxicity of polyester fibers for nervous tissue in vitro. J Neurol Sci 8 : 129-141, 1968.
 
Firth JA : Cytochemical localization of K+ regulation interface between blood and brain. Experimentia 33 : 1093-1094, 1977.
 
Fischbach GD and Dichter MA : Electrophysiologic and morphologic properties of neurons in dis sociated chick spinal cord cell cultures. Dev Biol 37 : 100-116, 1974.
 
Fleischhauer K : Untersuchungen am Ependym des Zwischen- and Mittelhirns der Landschildkrote (Testudo graeca). Z Zellforsch 46 : 729-767, 1957.
PubMed
Fleischhauer K : Ependyma and subependymal layer. In : The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue. Ed by GH Bourne. Academic Press, New York, Vol VI, pp. 1-46, 1972.
 
Flumerfelt BA, Lewis PR and Gwyn DG : Cholinesterase activity of capillaries in the rat brain. A light and electron microscopic study. Histochem J 5 : 67-77, 1973.
 
Fok-Seang J and Miller RH : Astrocyte precursors in neonatal rat spinal cord cultures. J Neurosci 12 : 2751-2764, 1992.
PubMed
Ford DH : Blood-brain barrier : A regulatory mechanism. Rev Neurosci 2 : 1-42, 1976.
 
Franson P and Hildebrand C : Postnatal growth of nerve fibres in the pyramidal tract of the rabbit. Neurobiol 5 : 8-22, 1975.
 
Frederickson RG and Low FN : Blood vessels and tissue space associated with the brain of the rat. Amer J Anat 125 : 123-146, 1969.
PubMed
Fried K, Hildebrand C and Erdelyi G : Myelin sheath thickness and internodal length of nerve fibres in the developing feline inferior alveolar nerve. J Neurol Sci 54 : 47-57, 1982.
PubMed
Friede RL : Gliaindex und Hirnstoffwechsel. Wien Z Nervenheilk 7 : 143-152, 1953.
 
Friede RL : Uber die trophische Funktion der Glia. Virchows Arch 324 : 15-26, 1953.
 
Friede RL : Die Bedeutung der Glia fur den zentralen Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel. Zbl allg Pathol Anat 92 : 65-74, 1954.
 
Friede RL : Der quantitative Anteil der Glia an der Cortexentwicklung. Acta Anal 20 : 290-296, 1954.
 
Friede RL : Control of myelin formation by axon caliber (with a model of the control mechanism). J Comp Neurol 144 : 233-252, 1972.
 
Friede RL : Principles of quantitative organization of peripheral nerve fibers and their relation to growth and pathologic changes. Z Neurol 204 : 243-254, 1973.
PubMed
Friede RL : Mechanics of myelin sheath expansion. Prog Brain Res 40 : 425-436, 1973.
PubMed
Friede RL, Brzoska J and Hartmann U : Changes in myelin sheath thickness and internode geometry in the rabbit phrenic nerve during growth. J Anat 143 : 103-113, 1985.
PubMed
Friede RL, Meier T and Diem M : How is the exact length of an internode determined? J Neurol Sci 50 : 217-228, 1981.
 
Friede RL and Samorajski T : Myelin formation in the sciatic nerve of the rat. A quantitative electron microscopic, histochemical and radioautographic study. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 27 : 546-570, 1968.
 
Friedemann U : Blood-brain barrier. Physiol Rev 22 : 125-145, 1942.
 
Friedemann U and Elkeles A : Weitere Untersuchungen uber die Permeabilitat der Bluthirnschranhe. Z Ges Exper Med 80 : 212-234, 1932.
 
Friedemann U and Elkeles A : The blood-brain barrier in infections diseases. Its permeability to toxins in relation to their electrical charges. Lancet 719-724, 1934.
 
Friend DS and Gilula NB : Variations in tight and gap junctions in mammalian tissues. J Cell Biol 53 : 758 776, 1972.
 
Fujita H and Fujita S : Electron microscopic studies on neuroblast differentiation in the central nervous system of domestic fowl. Z Zellforsch 60 : 463-478. 1963.
 
Fujita S : Kinetics of cellular proliferation. Exper Cell Res 28 : 52-60, 1962.
 
Fujita S : Analysis of neuron differentiation in the central nervous system by tritiated thymidine autoradiography. J Comp Neurol 122 : 311-328, 1964.
PubMed
Fujita S : An autoradiographic study on the origin and fate of the subpial glioblasts in the embryonic chick spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 124 : 51-60, 1965.
 
Fujita S : The matrix cell and histogenesis of the nervous system. Laval Med 36 : 125-130, 1965.
PubMed
Fujita S : Application of light and electron microscopic autoradiography to the study of cytogenesis in the forebrain. In : Evolution of the Forebrain. Ed by R Hassler and H Stephan. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp. 180-196, 1966.
 
Fujita S : Genesis of glioblasts in the human spinal cord as revealed by Feulgen cytophotometry. J Comp Neurol 151 : 25-34, 1973.
PubMed
藤田晢也 : 正常グリアと腫瘍グリアの特性. 神経進歩 31 : 975-989, 1987.
 
藤田晢也 : ミクログリアの本態. 神経科学レビュー 5 : 51-64, 1991.
 
藤田晢也 : アストロサイトをめぐるグリアの発生と分化. 神経進歩 37 : 541-554, 1993.
 
Fujita S and Kitamura T : Origin of brain macrophages and the nature of the so-called microglia. Acta Neuropathol, Suppl 6 : 291-296, 1975.
 
Fujita S and Kitamura T : Origin of brain macrophages and the nature of the microglia. In : Progress in Neuropathology. Ed by MH Zimmerman. Grime and Stratton, New York, Vol 3, pp. 1-50, 1976.
 
藤田晢也, 三宅敏彦, 土橋康成, 伏木信次 : グリア細胞の発生と分化. 神経進歩 27 : 20-33, 1983.
 
Fujita S. Shimada M and Nakamura T : 3H-thymidine autoradiographic studies on the cell proliferation and differentiation in the external and internal granular layers of the mouse cerebellum. J Comp Neurol 128 : 191-208, 1966.
 
Fujita S, Tsuchihashi Y and Kitamura T : Origin of brain macrophages and the nature of the microglia. Prog in Neuropathology. Ed by HM Zimmerman. Grune and Stratton, New York, pp. 1-50, 1976.
 
Fujita S, Tsuchihashi Y and Kitamura T : Origin, morphology and function of the microglia. In : Glial and Neuronal Cell Biology. Ed by EA Vidrio and S Fedoroff. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 141-169, 1980.
 
Fulcrand J and Privat A : Neuroglial reactions secondary to Wallerian degeneration in the optic nerve of the postnatal rat : ultrastructural and quantitative study. J Comp Neurol 176 : 189-224, 1977.
PubMed
Gainer H : Intercellular transfer of proteins from glial cells to axons. Trends Neurosci 1 : 93-96, 1978.
 
Gainer H, Tasaki I and Lasek RJ : Evidence for the glia-neuron protein transfer hypothesis from intracellular perfusion studies of squid giant axons. J Cell Biol 74 : 524-530, 1977.
PubMed
Garey LJ and Leuba G : A quantitative study of neuronal and glial numerical density in the visual cortex of the bottlenose dolphin : Evidence for a specialized subarea and changes with age. J Comp Neurol 247 : 491-496, 1986.
 
Gartner W : Die Blut-Liquorschranke. Z Biol 86 : 115-139, 1927.
 
Gasser UE and Hatten ME : Neuron-glia interactions of rat hippocampal cells in vitro. Glial-guided neuronal migration and neuronal regulation of glial differentiation. J Neurosci 10 : 1276-1285, 1990.
PubMed
Ghandour MS, Labourdette G, Vincendon G and Gombos G : A biochemical and immunohistological study of S 100 protein in developing rat cerebellum. Dev Neurosci 4 : 98-109, 1981.
PubMed
Ghandour MS, Langley K, Gombos G, Hirn M, Hirsch M-R, Goridis C : A surface marker for murine vascular endothelial cells defined by monoclonal antibody. J Histochem Cytochem 30 : 165-170, 1982.
 
Ghandour MS, Langley OK, Labourdette G, V incendon G and Gombos G : Specific and artefactual cellular localization of S 100 protein : An astrocyte marker in rat cerebellum. Dev Neurosci 4 : 66-78, 1981.
 
Ghandour MS, Langley OK, Vincendon G, Gombos G, Filippi D, Limozin N, Dalmasso C and Laurent G : Immunochemical and immunohistochemical study of carbonic anhydrase II in adult rat cerebellum : A marker for oligodendrocytes. Neuroscience 5 : 559-571, 1980.
 
Gickhorn J : Entwicklung and gegenwartiger Stand einiger Probleme and Ziele der Vitalfarbung. Erg Physicl 31 : 388-420, 1931.
 
Gierke H : Die Stutzsubstanz des Zentralnervensystems. I. Teil. Arch Mikr Anat 25 : 441-554, 1885.
 
Gierke H : Die Stutzsubstanz des Zentralnervensystems. II. Teil. Arch Mikr Anat 26 : 129-228, 1886.
 
Gilmore SA : Neuroglial population in the spinal white mater of neonatal and early postnatal rats : an autoradiographic study of numbers of neuroglia and changes in their proliferative activity. Anat Rec 171 : 283-292, 1971.
 
Gitlin G and Singer M : Myelin movements in mature mammalian peripheral nerve fibers. J Morphol 143 : 167-186, 1974.
PubMed
Giulian D and Baker TJ : Peptides released by ameboid microglia regulate astroglial proliferation. J Cell Biol 101 : 2411-2415, 1985.
PubMed
Giulian D and Baker TJ : Characterization of ameboid microglia isolated from developing mammalian brain. J Neurosci 6 : 2163-2178, 1986.
 
Giulian D, Baker TJ, Shih LN and Lachman LB : Interleukin 1 of the central nervous system is produced by ameboid microglia. J Exper Med 164 : 594-604, 1986.
 
Giulian D and Ingeman JE : Colony-stimulating factors as promoters of ameboid microglia. J Neurosci 8 : 4707-4717, 1988.
PubMed
Giulian D, Vaka K and Johnson B : Secreted peptides as regulators of neuron-glia and glia-glia interactions in the developing nervous system. J Neurosci Res 221 : 487-500, 1988.
 
Glees P : Neuroglia, Morphology and Function. Blackwell, Oxford, 1955.
 
Gloor S, Odnik K, Guenther J, Nick H and Monard D : A glia-derived neurite promoting factor with protease inhibitory activity belongs to the protease nexins. Cell 47 : 687-693, 1986.
 
Go KG, Stokroos J, Blaauw EH, Zuiderveen F and Molenaar I : Changes of ventricular ependyma and choroid plexus in experimental hydrocephalus, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Acta Neuropathol 34 : 55-64, 1976.
 
Goldman JE, Hirano M, Yu RK and Seyfried TN : GD, ganglioside is a glycolipid characteristic of immature neuroectodermal cells. J Neuroimmunol 7 : 179-192, 1984.
 
Goldmann EE : Die aussere and innere Sekretion des gesunden and kranken Organismus im Lichte der "vitalen Farbung". Beitr Kim Chirur 64 : 192-265, 1909.
 
Goldmann EE : Vitale Farbung and Chemotherapie. Berlin Klin Wochschr 36 : 1689-1694, 1912.
 
Goldmann EE : Experimentelle Untersuchungen fiber die Function der Plex. chorioid. and der Hirnhaute. Arch Klin Chirur 101 : 735-741, 1913.
 
Goldmann EE : Vitale Farbung am Zentralnervensystem. Beitrag zur Physio-Pathologic des Plexus chorioideus and der Hirnhaute. Abh preuβ Akad Wiss, Physik-math Kl 1 : 1-60, 1913.
 
Goldstein GW : Recent advances in understanding brain capillary function. Ann Neurol 14 : 389-395, 1983.
PubMed
Goldstein GW, Betz AL, Bowman PD : Use of isolated brain capillaries and cultured endothelial cells to study the blood-brain barrier. Fed Proc 43 : 191-195, 1984.
 
Golgi C : Contributo alla fina anatomia degli organi centrali del sistema nervoso. Biologna 1871/72.
 
Golgi C : Sulla struttura della sostanza grigia del cervello. Gazz. Med Ital Lombardo 33 : 244-246, 1873.
 
Golgi C : Sui gliomi de cerevello. Riv Sper Freniat Med leg Alien Ment 1 : 66-78, 1875.
 
Golgi C : Sulla fina anatomia degli organi centrali del sistema nervoso. Riv Sper Foeniat Med leg Alien Ment 9 : 1-17, 161-192 e 385-402, 1883.
 
Golgi C : Recherches sur l'histologie des centres nerveux. Arch Ital Biol 3 : 285-317, 1883.
 
Golgi C : Recherches sur l'histologie des centres nerveux. Arch Ital Biol 4 : 92-123, 1884.
 
Golgi C : Sulla fina anatomia degli organi centrali. Reggio Emilia, Milano 1885.
 
Golgi C : Untersuchungen uber den feineren Ban des zentralen and peripherischen Nervensystems. Fischer, Jena, 1894.
 
Gorgels TGMF : functional specialization between growth cones and glia in the developing rat pyramidal tract : Synapse-like contacts and invaginations. J Comp Neurol 306 : 117-128, 1991.
 
Graeber MB and Kreutzberg GW : Delayed astrocyte reaction following facial nerve axotomy. J Neurocytol 17 : 209-220, 1988.
PubMed
Graeber MB and Streit WJ : Microglia : immune network in the CNS. Brain Pathol 1 : 2-5, 1990.
PubMed
Graeber MB and Streit WJ : Perivascular microglia defined (letter ; comment). Trends Neurosci 13 : 366, 1990. Comment on : Trends Neurosci 13 : 174-178, 1990.
 
Graeber MB, Streit WJ, Kiefer R, Schoen SW and Kreutzberg GW : New expression of myelomonocytic antigens by microglia and perivascular cells following lethal motor neuron injury. J Neuroimmunol 27 : 121-132, 1990.
PubMed
Graeber MB, Streit WJ and Kreutzberg GW : The microglial cytoskeleton : Vimentin is localized within activated cells in situs. J Neurocytol 17 : 573-580, 1988.
 
Graeber MB, Streit WJ and Kreutzberg GW : Axotomy of the rat facial nerve leads to increased CR3 complement receptor expression by activated microglial cells. J Neurosci Res 21 : 18-24, 1988.
PubMed
Graeber MB, Streit W1 and Kreutzberg GW : Identity of ED2-positive perivascular cells in rat brain. J Neurosci Res 22 : 103-106, 1989.
 
Graeber MB, Tetzlaff W, Streit WJ and Kreutzberg GW : Microglial cells but not astrocytes undergo mitosis following facial nerve axotomy. Neurosci Lett 85 : 317-321, 1988.
PubMed
Grafstein B and Forman DS : Intercellular transport in neurons. Physiol Rev 60 : 1167-1283, 1980.
 
Grainger F, James DW and Tresman RL : An electron microscopic study of the early outgrowth from chick spinal cord in vitro. Z Zellforsch 90 : 53-67, 1968.
PubMed
Gray EG : Regular organisation of material in certain mitochondria of neuroglia of lizard brain. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 8 : 282-285, 1960.
 
Gray PTA and Ritchie JM : Ion channels in Schwann and glial cells. Trends Neurosci 8 : 411-415, 1985.
 
Gray PTA and Ritchie JM : A voltage-gated chloride conductance in rat cultured astrocytes. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 228 : 267-288, 1986.
 
Grazer FM and Clemente CD : Developing blood-brain barrier to trypan blue. Proc Soc Exper Biol Med 94 : 758-760, 1957.
 
Grigorieff LM : Wachstum and Differenzierung des Nervengewebes and seine Beziehung zu anderen Geweben unter Beziehungen der Kultur in vitro. Anat Auz 68 : 129-137, 1929.
 
Grigorieff LM : Differenzierung des Nervengewebes auβerhalb des Organismus. Arch Exper Zellforsch 11 : 483-519, 193L
 
Gross PM, Blasberg RG, Fenstermacher JD and Patlak CS : The microcirculation of rat circumventricular organs and pituitary gland. Brain Res Bull 18 : 73-85, 1987.
PubMed
Gross PM, Sposito NM and Pettersen SE, Fenstermacher JD : Differences in function and structure of the capillary endothelium in gray matter, white matter and a circumventricular organ of rat brain. Blood Vessels 23 : 261-270, 1986.
 
Gross PM and Weindl A : Peering through the windows of the brain. J Cerebr Blood Flow Metabol 7 : 663-672, 1987.
 
Guseo A : Uber die Makrophagen des Liquor cerebrospinalis. Z Neurol 200 : 136-147, 1971.
PubMed
Guseo A : Classification of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid, A review. Ear Neurol 15 : 169-176, 1977.
 
Haga S, Akai K and Ishii T : Demonstration of microglia cells in and around senile (neuritic) plaques in the Arzheimer brain. An immunohistochemical study using a novel monoclonal antibody. Acta Neuropathol 77 : 569-575, 1989.
 
Hagedoorn J : Seasonal changes in the ependyma of the 3rd ventricle of the skunk, Mephitis nigra. Anat Rec 151 : 453-454, 1965.
 
Hager H : Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen fiber die Feinstruktur der Blutgefape and perivascularen Raume im Saugetiergehirn. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der morphologischen Grundlagen der sogenannten Bluthirnschranke. Acta Neuropathol 1 : 9-33, 1961.
 
Hajos F and Basco E : The surface contact glia. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 84 : 1-81, 1984.
PubMed
Hall SM and Williams PL : Some observations on the "incisures" of Schmidt and Lanterman. J Cell Sci 6 : 767-792, 1970.
 
Hall SM and Williams PL : The distribution of electron-dense tracers in peripheral nerve fibers. J Cell Sci 8 : 541-555, 1971.
PubMed
Hamberger A : Difference between isolated neuronal and vascular glia with respect to respiratory activity. Acta Physiol Scand 58 : (Suppl 203) 1-58, 1963.
PubMed
Hannah RS and Nathaniel EJH : The postnatal development of blood vessels in the substantia gelatinosa of rat cervical cord. An ultrastructural study. Anat Rec 178 : 691-710, 1974.
 
Hansson HA and Sourander P : Studies on cultures of mammalian retina. Z Zellforsch 62 : 26-47, 1964.
PubMed
Hardebo IE, Owman CH : Barrier mechanism for neuro-transmitter monoamines and their precursors at the blood-brain interface. Ann Neurol 8 : 1-11, 1980.
 
Hardesty I : The neuroglia of the spinal cord of the elephant with some preliminary observations upon the development of neuroglia fasers. Amer 1 Anat 2 : 81-103, 1902/3.
 
Hardesty I : On the development and nature of the neuroglia. Amer J Anat 3 : 229-268, 1904.
 
Hardesty I : On the occurence of sheath cells and the nature of axon sheaths in the central nervous system. Amer J Anat 4 : 329-354, 1905.
 
Hardy R and Reynolds R : Proliferation and differentiation of rat forebrain oligodendrocyte progenitors both in vitro and in vivo. Development 111 : 1061-1080, 1991.
 
Harkin JC : A series of desmosomal attachments in the Schwann cell sheath of myelinated mammalian nerves. Z Zellforsch 64 : 189-195, 1964.
 
Harrison RG : An experimental study of the relation of the nervous system to the developing musculature in the embryo of the frog. Amer J Anat 3 : 197-220, 1904.
 
Harrison RG : Neuroblast versus sheath cell in the development of peripheral nerves. J Comp Neurol 37 : 123-136, 1924.
 
Hartmann JF : Identification of neuroglia in elec tron micrographs of normal nerve tissue. In : Proceedings, IV. International Congress of Neuropathology. (Munich 1961), Vol 2 : Electron -microscopy and Biology. Ed by H Jacob. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp. 32-35, 1962.
 
Hashimoto PH : Electron microscopic study of gliosome formation in postnatal development of spinal cord in the cat. J Comp Neurol 137 : 251-266, 1969.
 
Hatai S : On the origin of neuroglia tissue from the mesoblast. J Comp Neurol 12 : 291-296, 1902.
 
Hatai S : On the length of the internodes in the sciatic nerve of Rana temporaria (fusca) and Rana pipiens : Being a reexamination by biometric methods of the data studied by Boycott (1904) and Takahashi (1908). J Comp Neurol 20 : 19-47, 1910.
 
Hatten ME : Neuronal regulation of astroglial morphology and proliferation in vitro. J Cell Biol 100 : 384-396, 1985.
 
Haug H : Die Lange der Internodien der Markfasern in Bereich der Sehrinde der erwachsenen Katze. Z Zellforsch 83 : 265-278, 1967.
PubMed
Haug H : Die post-natale Entwicklung der Gliadeckschicht der Sehrinde der Katze. Fine elektronenmikroskopische Studie diver die Ausbildung von Lamellenstapeln. Z Zellforsch 123 : 544-565, 1972.
 
Hauptmann A : Der "Weg uber den Liquor". Klin Wochschr 27 : 1297-1301, 1925.
 
Hauptmann A : Verminderte Durchlassigkeit der Blut-Liquor-Schranke bei Schizophrenia. Klin Wochschr 34 : 1629-1630, 1925.
 
Hawkins A and Olszewski J : Glia/nerve cell index for cortex of the whale. Science 126 : 76-77, 1957.
PubMed
Hayes GM, Woodroofe MN and Cuzner ML : Microglia are the major cell type expressing MHC class II in human white matter. J Neural Sci 80 : 25-37, 1987.
 
Held H : Uber den Bau der Neuroglia and uber die Wand der Lymphgefaβe im Haut and Schleimhaut. Abh Kgl Sachs Ges Wiss Math-Phys Kl 28 : 201-318, 1903.
 
Held H : Zur weiteren Kenntnis der Nervenendfuβe und zur Struktur der Sehzellen. Abh Kgl Sachs Ges Wiss Math-Phys Kl 29 : 145-185, 1904.
 
Held H : Uber die Neuroglia marginalis der menschlichen Grotβhirnrinde. Mschr Psychol Neurol 26 : Erg-Heft, 360-416, 1909.
 
Henriksen CK and Vaughn JE : Fine structural relationship between neurites and radial glia processes in developing mouse spinal cord. J Neurocytol 3 : 659-675, 1974.
 
Henry EW and Sidman RL : Long lives for homozygous trembler mutant mice despite virtual absence of peripheral nerve myelin. Science 241 : 344-346, 1988.
PubMed
Herndon RM : The fine structure of the rat cerebellum. II. The stellate neurons, granule cells, and glia. J Cell Biol 23 : 277-293, 1964.
PubMed
Herndon RM : Thiophen-induced granule cell necrosis in the rat cerebellum. Exper Brain Res 6 : 49-68, 1968.
 
Herndon RM, Price DL and Weiner LP : Regeneration of oligodendroglia during recovery from demyelinating disease. Science 195 : 693-694, 1977.
PubMed
Hess A and Young JZ : Correlation of internodal length and fibre diameter in the central nervous system. Nature 164 : 490, 1949.
 
Heumann R, Korsching S, Bandtlow C and Thoenen H : Changes of nerve growth factor synthesis in nonneuronal cells in response in sciatic nerve transection. J Cell Biol 104 : 1623-1631, 1987.
PubMed
Heumann R, Lindholm D, Bandtlow C, Meyer M, Radeke MJ, Misko TP, Shooter E and Thoenen H : Differential regulation of mRNA encoding nerve growth factor and its receptor in rat sciatic nerve during development, degeneration, and regeneration : Role of macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 8735-8739, 1987.
PubMed
Hickey WF and Kimura H : Graft-vs. -host disease elicits expression of class I and class II histocompatibility antigens and the presence of scattered T lymphocytes in rat central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 14 : 2082-2086, 1987.
 
Hickey WF and Kimura H : Perivascular microglial cells of the CNS are bone-marrow-derived and present antigen in vivo. Science 239 : 290-292, 1988.
PubMed
Hildebrand C : Ultrastructural and light-microscopic studies of the nodal region on large myelinated fibers of the adult feline spinal cord white matter. Acta Physiol Scand (Suppl) 364 : 81-109, 1971.
 
Hildebrand C, Kocsis JD, Berglund S and Waxman SG : Myelin sheath remodelling in degenerated rat sciatic nerve. Brain Res 358 : 163-170, 1985.
 
Hildebrand C, Mustafa GY and Waxman SG : Remodelling of internodes in regenerated rat sciatic nerve : electron microscopic observations. J Neuropathol 15 : 681-692, 1986.
 
Hildebrand C and Skoglund S : Caliber spectra of some fiber tracts in the feline central nervous system during postnatal development. Acta Physiol Scand, Suppl 364 : 5-41, 1971.
PubMed
Hildebrand C and Waxman SG : Postnatal differentiation of rat optic nerve fibers : electron microscopic observations on the development of nodes of Ranvier and axoglial relations. J Comp Neurol 224 : 25-37, 1984.
PubMed
Hinds JW : Autoradiographic study of histogenesis in the mouse olfactory bulb. I. Time of origin of neurons and neuroglia. J Comp Neurol 134 : 287-304, 1968.
PubMed
Hinds JW : Autoradiographic study of histogenesis in the mouse olfactory bulb. 11. Cell proliferation and migration. J Comp Neurol 134 : 305-322, 1968.
 
Hirano A : A confirmation of the oligodendroglial origin of myelin in the adult rat. J Cell Biol 38 : 637-640, 1968.
 
Hirano A : Neurons, astrocytes and ependyma. In : Textbook of Neuropathology. Ed by RL Davis and DM Robertson. Williams and Wilkins, pp 1-91, 1985.
 
Hirano A, Dembitzer HM and Jones M : An electron microscope study of cycasin-induced cerebellar alternations. Exper Neurol 31 : 113-125, 1972.
 
Hirano A and Goldman JE : Gliogenesis in the rat spinal cord : evidence for origin of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from radial precursors. J Neurosci Res 21 : 155-167, 1988.
 
Hirano A, Iwata M, Llena JF and Matsui T : Color Atlas of Pathology of the Nervous System. Igaku-Shoin, Tokyo, 1980.
 
Hirano A and Jones M : Fine structure of cycasin-induced cerebellar alterations. Fed Proc 31 : 1517-1519, 1972.
 
Hirano A and Zimmerman HM : Some new observations on the normal rat ependymal cell. Anat Rec 158 : 293-302, 1967.
PubMed
Hirano M and Goldman JE : Gliogenesis in rat spinal cord : Evidence of origin of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from radial precursors. J Neurosci Res 21 : 155-167, 1988.
PubMed
Hirose G and Bass NH : Maturation of oligodendroglia and myelinogenesis in rat optic nerve : a quantitative histochemical study. J Comp Neurol 152 : 201-210, 1973.
PubMed
His W : Die Entwicklung der ersten Nervenbahnen beim menschlichen Embryo. Unterschiedliche Darstellung. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat AM 92 : 368-378, 1887.
 
His W : On the principles of animal morphology. Proc Roy Soc Edinburgh 15 : 287-297, 1888.
 
His W : Die Neuroblasten and deren Entstehung im embryonalen Mark. Arch Anat Physiol 5 : 249-300, 1889.
 
His W : Histogenese and Zusammenhang der Nervenelemente. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abt Suppl 95-117, 1890.
 
His W : Die Entwicklung des menschlichen Rautenhirns vom Ente des ersten his zum Beginn des dritten Monats. Abh Kgl sgchs Ges Wiss math physik Kl 17 : 1-74, 1891.
 
His W : Das Prizip der organbildenden Keimbezirke and die Verwandschaften der Gewebe. Arch Anat Entwickl-gesch 30 : 307-337, 1901.
 
Hiscoe HB : Distribution of nodes and incisures in normal and regenerated nerve fibers. Anat Rec 99 : 447-475, 1947.
PubMed
Holmgren E : Weitere Mitteilungen uber die "Saftkanglchen" der Nervenzellen. Anat Anz 18 : 290-296, 1900.
 
Holtzman E : Cytochemical studies of protein trans-port in the nervous system. Phil Trans Roy Soc Set B 261 : 407-421, 1971.
 
Holtzman E and Peterson ER : Uptake of protein by mammalian neurons. J Cell Biol 40 : 863-869, 1969.
PubMed
Holtzman E, Teichberg S, Abraham SJ, Citkowitz E, Crain SM, Kawai N and Peterson ER : Notes on synaptic vesicles and related structures, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and peroxisomes in nervous tissue and the adrenal medulla. J Histochem Cytochem 21 : 349-385, 1973.
 
Hommes OR and Leblond CP : Mitotic division of neuroglia in the normal adult rat. J Comp Neurol 129 : 269-278, 1967.
 
Horstmann E : Die Faserglia des Selachiergehirns. Z Zellforsch 39 : 588-617, 1954.
PubMed
Hosoya Y and Fujita T : Scanning electron microscope observation of intraventricular macrophages (Kolmer cells) in the rat brain. Arch Histol Jap 35 : 133-140, 1973.
 
Houle JD and Fedoroff S : Temporal relationship between the appearance of vimentin and neural tube development. Dev Brain Res 9 : 189-195, 1983.
 
Howe JR and Ritchie JM : Two types of potassium current in rabbit cultured Schwann cells. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 235 : 19-27, 1988.
 
Hugosson R, K21len B and Nilsson O : Neuroglia proliferation studied in tissue culture. Acta Neuropathol 11 : 210-220, 1968.
 
Hume DA, Perry VH and Gordon S : Immunohistochemical localization of a macrophagespecific antigen in devoloping mouse retina : Phagocytosis of dying neurons and differentiation of microglial cells to form a regular array in the plexiform layer. J Cell Biol 97 : 253-257, 1983.
 
Hursch JB : Conduction velocity and diameter of nerve fibers. Amer J Physiol 127 : 131-139, 1939.
 
Hutchins JB and Casagrande VA : Glial cells develop a laminar pattern before neuronal cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 8316-8320, 1988.
PubMed
Hutchins JB and Casagrande VA : Vimentin : Changes in distribution during brain development. Glia 2 : 55-66, 1989.
PubMed
Hutchins JB and Casagrande VA : Development of lateral geniculate nucleus : Interactions between retinal afferents, cytoarchitectonic, and glial cell process lamination in ferrets and tree shrews. J Comp Neurol 298 : 113-128, 1990.
PubMed
Huxley AF and Stgmpfli R : Evidence for saltatory conduction in peripheral myelinated nerve fibres. J Physiol (Lond) 108 : 315-339, 1949.
 
Hyden H : Biochemical changes in glial cells and nerve cells at varing activity. In : Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Biochemistry. Vol 3, Symposium III. Biochemistry of theCentral Nervous System. Ed by F Brucke. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 64-88, 1959.
 
Hyden H : A molecular basis of neuron-glia interaction. In : Macromolecular Specificity and Biological Memory. Ed by FO Schmitt. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, pp. 55-69, 1962.
 
Hyden H : Dynamic aspects of the neuron-glia relationship, a study with micro-chemical methods. In : The Neuron. Ed by H Hyden. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 179-219, 1967.
 
Hyden H and Egyhazi E : Glial RNA changes during a learning experiment in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 49 : 618-624, 1963.
PubMed
Hyden H and Lange PW : Protein changes in nerve cells related to learning and conditioning. In : The Neuroscience Second Study Program. Ed by FO Schmitt. The Rockefeller University Press, New York, pp. 278-289, 1970.
 
Hyden H and Pigon A : A cytophysiological study of the functional relationship between oligodendroglial cells and nerve cells of Deiters' nucleus. J Neurochem 6 : 57-72, 1960.
 
Iida T : Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am oberffachlichen Anteil des Gehirns bei Hund and Katze. Arch Histol Jap 27 : 267-285, 1966.
PubMed
Ikuta F : The process of brain lesion repair and activity of astrocytes. In : Neuropathology in Brain Research. Ed by F Ikuta. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp. 211-231, 1991.
 
生田房弘 : 脳病巣の修復とアストロサイト. 日病会誌 80 : 43-62, 1991.
 
生田房弘・大浜栄作 : アストロサイトの機能と脳病巣の修復-とくに肝脳疾患における特異性. 医学のあゆみ 159 (3) : 148-150, 1991.
 
Ikuta F, Ohama E, Yamazaki K, Takeda S, Egawa S and Ichikawa T : Morphology of migrating glial cells in normal development, neoplasia and other disorders. In : Progress in Neuropathology, Ed by HM Zimmerman. Raven Press, New York, Vol 4, pp. 377-405, 1979.
 
Ikuta F, Takeda S, Ohama E, Ichikawa T and Egawa S : Spiral processes of neoplastic astrocytes and developing glial cells. In : Progress in Neuropathology. Ed by FIM Zimmerman. Raven Press, New York, Vol 4, pp. 361-375, 1979.
 
Ikuta F, Yoshida Y, Ohama E, Oyanagi K, Takeda S, Yamazaki K and Watanabe K : Revised pathophysiology on BBB damage : The edema as an ingeniously provided condition for cell motility and lesion repair. Acta Neuropathol, Suppl VIII : 103-110, 1983.
 
Imamoto K and Leblond CP : Presence of labelled monocytes, macrophages and microglia in a stab wound of the brain following an injection of bone marrow cells labelled with 3H-uridine into rats. J Comp Neurol 174 : 255-280, 1977.
 
Imamoto K and Leblond CP : Radioautographic study of gliogenesis in the corpus callosum of young rats. II. Origin of microglial cells. J Comp Neurol 180 : 139-164, 1978.
 
Imamoto K, Paterson JA and Leblond CP : Radioautographic investigation of gliogenesis in the corpus callosum of young rats. I. Sequential changes in oligodendrocytes. J Comp Neurol 180 : 115-138, 1978.
 
Isobe T and Okuyama T : The amino acid sequence of the 5-100 protein (PAP I-b protein) and its relation to the calcium binding proteins. Eur J Biochem 89 : 379-388, 1978.
 
Isobe T and Okuyama T : The amino acid sequence of the a-subunit in bovine brain S-100 protein. Eur J Biochem 116 : 79-86, 1981.
 
Itagaki S, McGeer PL and Akiyama H : Presence of T cytotoxic suppressor and leucocyte common antigen positive cells in Alzheimer's disease brain tissue. Neurosci Lett 91 : 259-264, 1988.
PubMed
Ivy GO and Killackey HP : Ontogenic changes in the projections of neocortical neurons. J Neurosci 2 : 735-743, 1982.
 
Jacobson M : Developmental Neurobiology. Third Edit. Plenum Press, New York・London 1991.
 
Jakob A : Normale and pathologische Anatomic and Histologic des Groβhirns. In : Handbuch der Psychiatric. Herausg von G Aschaffenburg. Allgemeiner Teil, Abt 1, Teil 1, Bd 1, Deuticke, Wien, 1927.
 
Jarvis CR and Andrew RD : Correlated electrophysiology and morphology of the ependyma in rat hypothalamus. J Neurosci 8 : 3691-3702, 1988.
 
Jastrowitz M : Studien fiber die Encephalitis und Myelitis des ersten Kindersalters. Arch Psychiat Nervenkr 2 : 389-414, 1870 and 3 : 162-213, 1872.
 
Jessen KR and Mirsky R : Nonmyelin-forming Schwann cells coexpress surface proteins and intermediate filaments not found in myelin-forming cells : a study of Ran-2, A5E3 antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein. J Neurocytol 13 : 923-934, 1984.
PubMed
Jones EG : On the mode of entry of blood vessels into the cerebral cortex. J Anat 106 : 507-520, 1970.
PubMed
Joo F and Csillik B : Topographic correlation between the hemato-encephalic barrier and the cholinesterase activity of brain capillaries. Exper Brain Res 1 : 147-151, 1966.
 
Jordan FL and Thomas WE : Brain macrophages : questions of origin and interrelationship. Brain Res. Reviews 13 : 165-178, 1988.
 
Juurlinck BHJ and Fedoroff S : Differentiation capabilities of mouse optic stalk in isolation of its immediate in vivo environment. Dev Biol 78 : 215-221, 1980.
 
Kao CC : Comparison of healing process in transected spinal cords grafted with antogenous brain tissue, sciatic nerve and nodose ganglion. Exper Neurol 44 : 424-439, 1974.
 
Kao CC, Chang LW and Bloodworth JMB jr : Axonal regeneration across transected mammalian spinal cords : An electron microscopic study of delayed nerve grafting. Exper Neurol 54 : 591-615, 1977.
 
Kaplan MS : Neurogenesis in the 3 month-old rat visual cortex. J Comp Neurol 195 : 323-338, 1981.
PubMed
Kaplan MS and Hinds JW : Neurogenesis in the adult rat : Electron microscopic analysis of light radioautographs. Science 197 : 1092-1094, 1977.
PubMed
Kaplan MS and Hinds JW : Gliogenesis of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the neocortical gray and white matter of the adult rat : Electron microscopic analysis of light radioautographs. J Comp Neurol 193 : 711-727, 1980.
PubMed
Kappers J Ariens : Beitrag zur experimentellen Untersuchung von Funktion and Herkunft der Kolmerschen Zellen des Plexus chorioideus beim Axolotol and Meerschweinchen. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 117 : 1-19, 1953.
 
Karnovsky MJ : Vesicular transport of exogenous peroxidase across capillary endothelium into the T system of muscle. J Cell Biol 27 : 49A, 1965.
 
Karnovsky MJ : The ultrastructural basis of capillary permeability studied with peroxidase as a tracer. J Cell Biol 35 : 213-236, 1967.
PubMed
Kaur C, Ling EA and Wong WC : Cytochemical localisation of 5'-nucleotidase in ameboid microglial cells in postnatal rats. J Anat 139 : 1-7, 1984.
 
Kaur C, Ling EA and Wong WC : Labelling of ameboid microglial cells in rats of various ages following an intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase. Acta Anat 125 : 132-137, 1986.
 
Kaur C, Ling EA and Wong WC : Localization of thiamine pyrophosphatase in the ameboid microglial cells in the brain of postnatal rats. J Anat 152 : 13-22, 1987.
 
Kaur C, Ling EA and Wong WC : Origin and fate of neural macrophages in a stab wound of the brain of the young rat. J Anat 154 : 215-227, 1987.
 
Keibel F : The development of the sense-organs. In : Manual of Human Embryology. Ed by F Keibel and FP Mall. Lippincott, Philadelphia, Vol 2 pp 180-290, 1912.
 
Kerns JM and Hinsman EJ : Neuroglial response to sciatic neurectomy. I. Light microscopy and autoradiography. J Comp Neurol 151 : 237-254, 1973.
PubMed
Kerns JM and Hinsman EJ : Neuroglial response to sciatic neurectomy. II. Electron microscopy. J Comp Neurol 151 : 255-280, 1973.
PubMed
Kershman J : The medulloblast and medulloblascomas. Arch Neurol Psychiat 40 : 937-967, 1938.
 
Kershman J : Genesis of microglia in the human brain. Arch Neurol Psychiat 41 : 24-50, 1939.
 
Key A and Retzius G : Studien in der Anatomie des Nervensystems and des Bindegewebes. Samson and Wallin, Stockholm, 2 Bander, 1875-1876.
 
King JS and Schwyn RC : The fine structure of neuroglial cells and pericytes in the primate rednucleus and substantia nigra. Z Zellforsch 106 : 309-321, 1970.
 
King LS : The hematoencephalic barrier. Arch Neurol Psychiat 41 : 51-72, 1939.
 
Kitamura T : The origin of brain macrophages-some consideration on the microglia theory of del Rio-Hortega. Acts Pathol Jap 23 : 11-26, 1973.
 
Kitamura T : Hematogenous cells in experimental Japanese encephalitis. Acta Neuropathol 32 : 341-346, 1975.
PubMed
Kitamura T : Dynamic aspects of glial reactions in altered brains. Pathol Res Pract 168 : 301-343, 1980.
PubMed
Kitamura T and Fujita S : Cells of the reticuloendothelial system in the brain and their relationship to circulating leukocytes, microglia and pericytes. Recent Adv in RES Res 13 : 48-60, 1973.
 
Kitamura T, Hattori H and Fujita S : Autoradiographic studies on histogenesis of brain macrophages in the mouse. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 31 : 502-518, 1972.
 
Kitamura T, Miyake T and Fujita S : Genesis of resting microglia in the gray matter of mouse hippocampus. J Comp Neurol 226 : 421-433, 1984.
 
Kitamura T, Tsuchihashi Y and Fujita S : Initial response of silver-impregnated "resting micro glia" stab wounding in rabbit hippocampus. Acts Neuropathol 44 : 31-39, 1978.
 
Kitamura T, Tsuchihashi Y, Tatebe A and Fujita S : Electron microscopic features of the resting microglia in the rabbit hippocampus, identified by silver carbonate staining. Acta Neuropathol 38 : 195-201, 1977.
 
Kiyono K : Die vitale Karminspeicherung. Ein Beitrag zur Lehre von der vitalen Farbung out besonderer Berilcksichtigung der Zelldifferenzierungen im entzilndeten Gewebe. Jena, 1914.
 
清野謙次 : 生体染色の研究. 南江堂, 東京, 1916.
 
Klavins JV : Central pontine myelinolysis. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 22 : 302-317, 1963.
 
Kleihues P, Lantos PL and Magee PN : Chemical carcinogenesis in the nervous system. Int Rev Exper Pathol 15 : 153-232, 1976.
 
Kligman D and Hilt D : The S 100 protein family. TIBS 13 : 437-443, 1988.
 
Klinkerfuss GN : An electron microscopic study of the ependymal glia of the lateral ventricle of the cat. Amer J Anat 115 : 71-100, 1964.
 
Knigge KM : Opening remarks. In Brain-Endocrine Interaction II. The Ventricular System in Neuroendocrine Mechanisms. Ed by Knigge KM, Scott DE, Kobayashi H, Ishii S. S Karger, Basel, 1975, pp. 1-2.
 
Knowles F : Ependymal secretion especially in the hypothalamic region. J Neuro-Visc Relat (Suppl) 9 : 97-110, 1969.
 
Knowles F : Ependyma of the third ventricle in relation to pituitary function. In : Topics in Neuroendocrinology. Ed by J Ariens Kappers and JP Schade. Prog Brain Res 38 : 255-270, 1972.
 
Knowles F and Anand Kumar TC : Structural changes, related to reproduction in the hypothalamus and in the pars tuberalis of the rhesus monkey. Part I. The hypothalamus, Part II. The pars tuberalis. Phil Trans Roy Soc (Lond), Ser B 256 : 357-375, 1967.
 
Kobayashi H : Median eminence of the hagfish and ependymal absorption in higher vertebrates. In : Brain-Endocrine Interaction. Median Eminence : Structure and Function. Ed by KM Knigge, DE Scott and A Weindle. Karger, Basel, pp. 67-78, 1972.
 
Koelliker RAv : Mikroskopische Anatomie oder Gewebelehre des Menschen. W Engelmann, Leipzig, Bd 2 Teil 1, 1850, Teil 2, Heft 1 1852, Heft 2 1854 (Bd 1は出版されず)
 
Koelliker RAv : Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen. W Engelmann, Leipzig 1852 (1. Aufl) ; 1867 (5. Aufl).
 
Koelliker RAv : Die Untersuchungen von Golgi uber den feineren Ban des centralen Nervensystems. Anat Anz 15 : 480-483, 1887.
 
Koelliker RAv : Zur feineren Anatomie des Zentralnervensystems. I. Das Kleinhirn. Z Wiss Zool 49 : 663-689, 1890.
 
Koelliker RAv : Zur feineren Anatomie des Zentralnervensystems. II. Das Ruckenmark. Z Wiss Zool 51 : 1-54, 1890.
 
Koelliker RAv : Uber die Entwicklung der Elemente des Nervensystems, contra Beard und Dohrn. Verh Anat Ges 6 : 76-78, 1892.
 
Koelliker RAv : Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen. Bd 2. Nervensystem des Menschen and der Thiere. W Engelmann, Leipzig, Bd 1-3, 1896.
 
Kolmer W : Uber eine eigenartige Beziehung von Wandzellen zu den Chorioidealplexus des Gehirns der Wirbeltiere. Anat Anz 54 : 15-19, 1921.
 
Konigsmark SW and Sidman RL : Origin of brain macrophages in the mouse. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 22 : 643-676, 1963.
 
Korr H : Combination of metalic impregnation and autoradiography of brain sections. A method for differentiation of proliferating glial cells in the brain of adult rats and mice. Histochemistry 59 : 111-116, 1978.
PubMed
Korr H : Proliferation of different cell types in the brain. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 61 : 1-72, 1980.
PubMed
Korr H, Schultze B and Maurer W : Autoradiographic investigations of glial proliferation in the brain of adult mice. I. The DNA synthesis phase of neuroglia and endothelial cells. J Comp Neurol 150 : 169-176, 1973.
PubMed
Kosaka T and Hama K : Three-dimensional structure of astrocytes in the rat dentate gyros. J Comp Neurol 249 : 242-260, 1986.
 
Kozlowski GP, Scott DE and Krobisch-Dudley G : Scanning electron microscopy of the third ventricle of sheep. Z Zellforsch 136 : 169-176, 1973.
 
Kreutzberg GW : Autoradiographische Untersuchung fiber die Beteiligung von Gliazellen an der axonalen Reaktion im Facialiskern der Ratte. Acta Neuropathol 7 : 149-161, 1966.
 
Kreutzberg GW and Barron ICD : 5'-Nucleotidase of microglial cells in the facial nucleus during axonal reaction. J Neurocytol 7 : 601-610, 1976.
 
Kreutzberg GW, Hager H : Electron microscopical demonstration of acid phosphatase activity in the central nervous system. Histochemistry 6 : 254-259, 1966.
PubMed
Kreutzberg GW, Tbth L : Enzyme histochemistry of the cerebral microvessel wall. Acta neuropathol Suppl VIII : 35-41, 1983.
 
Krisch B, Leonhardt H and Buchheim W : The functional and structural border of the neurohemal region of the median eminence. Cell Tissue Res 192 : 327-339, 1978.
 
Krishman N and Singer M : Penetration of peroxidase into peripheral nerve fibers. Amer J Anat 136 : 1-14, 1973.
 
Kristensson K and Olsson Y : Uptake and retrograde axonal transport of protein tracers in hypoglossal neurons. Acta Neuropathol 23 : 43-47, 1973.
PubMed
Kruger L and Maxwell DS : Electron microscopy of oligodendrocytes in normal rat cerebrum. Amer J Anat 118 : 411-435, 1966.
PubMed
Kryspin-Exner W : Uber die Architektonik der Glia im Zentralnervensystem des Menschen and der Saugetiere. Proc 1st Intern Congr Neuropathol, Roma 3 : 504-510, 1952.
 
Kuger SW : Neuroglial cells : Physiological properties and a pottassium mediated effect of neuronal activity on the glial membrane potential. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 168 : 1-21, 1967.
 
Kuffier SW and Nicholls JG : The physiology of neuroglial cells. Ergeb Physiol 57 : 1-90, 1966.
 
Kuhlenkampf H : Das Verhalten der Neuroglia in den Vorderhornen des Rockenmarkes der weissen Maus unter den Reiz physiologischer Tatigkeit. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 116 : 304-312, 1952.
 
Kumpulainen T, Dahl D, Korhoren LK and Nystrom SHM : Immunolabeling of carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme C and glial fibrillary acidic protein in prattin-embedded tissue section of human brain and retina. J Histochem Cytochem 31 : 879-888, 1983.
 
Kure K, Lyman WD, Weidenheim KM, Dickson DW : Subacute AIDS encephalitis : Identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cells by an improved double-immunostaining method. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 48 : 385 (Abstr) 1989.
 
Kure K, Lyman WD, Weidenheim KM and Dickson DW : Cellular localization of an HIV-1 antigen in subacute AIDS encephalitis using an improved double-labeling immunohistochemical method. Amer J Pathol 135 : 1685-1692, 1990.
 
Kure K, Weidenheim KM, Lyman WD and Dickson DW : Morphology and distribution of HIV-1 gp 41-positive microglia in subacute AIDS encephalitis : Pattern of involvement resembling a multisystem degeneration. Acta Neuropathol 80 : 393-400, 1990.
 
Labastie M-C, Poole TJ, Peault BM and Le Douarin NM : MBI, a quail leucocyte-endothelium antigen : Partial characterization of the cell surface and secreted forms in cultured endothelial cells. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 83 : 9016-9020, 1986.
 
La Chapelle F, Gumple M, Baluac M, Jaque C, Due P and Baumann N : Transplantation of CNS fragments into the brain of shiverer mutant mice extensive myelination by implanted oligodendrocytes. 1. Immunological studies. Dev Neurosci 6 : 325-334, 1984.
 
Lamperth L, Manuelidis L and Webster H de F : Non myelin-forming perineuronal Schwann cells in rat trigeminal ganglia express Po myelin glycoprotein mRNA during postnatal development. Molecular Brain Res 5 : 177-181, 1989.
 
Lampson L : Molecular basis of the immune responce to neural antigens. Trends Neurosci 10 : 211-216, 1987.
 
Landis DMD : Membrane structure in astrocytes. In : Astrocytes. Ed by S Fecloroff and A Vernadakis. Academic Press, Orlando, pp. 61-76, 1986.
 
Landis DMD and Reese TS : Arrays of particles in freeze-fractured astrocytic membranes. J Cell Biol 60 : 316-320, 1974.
 
Landis DMD and Reese TS : Membrane structure in mammalian astrocytes : a review of freeze-fracture studies in adult, developing, reactive and cultured astrocytes. J Exper Biol 95 : 35-48, 1981.
 
Landmesser L : Growth cone guidance in the chick limb in vivo and cultured slices. J Anat 152 : 245-247, 1987.
 
Langford LA, Porter S and Bunge RP : Immortalized rat Schwann cells produce tumours in vivo. J Neurocytol 17 : 521-529, 1988.
PubMed
Langley IN : Note on regeneration of pre-ganglionic fibres of the sympathetic. J Physiol 18 : 280-294, 1895.
 
Langley JN : On the union of cranial autonomic (visceral) fibres with the nerve cells of the superior cervical ganglion. J Physiol 23 : 240-270, 1898.
PubMed
Langley JN and Anderson HK : On the union of the fifth cervical nerve with the superior cervical ganglion. J Physiol 30 : 439-442, 1904.
PubMed
Langley JN and Anderson HK : The union of different kinds of nerve fibres. J Physiol 31 : 365-391, 1904.
PubMed
Langman J : Histogenesis of the central nervous system. In : The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue. Ed by GH Bourne. Academic Press, New York, Vol 1, pp. 33-65, 1968.
 
Langman J and Welch GW : Excess vitamin A and development of the cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 131 : 15-26, 1967.
PubMed
Lapham LW : Cytologic and cytochemical studies of neuroglia. I. A study of the problem of amitosis in reactive protoplasmic astrocytes. Amer J Pathol 41 : 1-21, 1962.
 
Lapham LW and Johnstone MA : Cytologic and cytochemical studies of neuroglia. II. The occurrence of two DNA classes among glial nuclei in the Purkinje cell layer of normal adult human cerebellar cortex. Arch Neurol 9 : 194-202, 1983.
 
Larson RS and Springer TA : Structure and function of leucocyte integrins. Immunol Rev 114 : 181-217, 1990.
PubMed
Lasek RJ, Gainer H and Barker JL : Cell-to-cell transfer of glial proteins to the squid giant axon. J Cell Biol 74 : 501-523, 1977.
 
Lasek RJ and Tytel MA : Macromolecular transfer from glia to the axon. J Exper Biol 95 : 153-165, 1981.
 
Lassmann H : A Comparative Neuropathology of Chronic Relapsing Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1983.
 
Latov N, Nilaver G, Zimmerman EA, Johnson WG, Silverman A-J, Detendini R and Cote L : Fibrillary astrocytes proliferate in response to brain injury. A study combining immunoperoxidase technique for glial fibrillary acidic protein and radioautography of tritiated thymidine. Dev Biol 72 : 381-384, 1979.
 
Leber SM, Breedlove SM and Sanes JR : Lineage arrangement and death of clonally related motoneurons in chick spinal cord. J Neurosci 10 : 2451-2462, 1990.
PubMed
Legrand C, Clos J, Legrand J, Langley OK, Ghandour MS, Labourdette G, Gombos G and Vincendon G : Localization of S100 protein in the rat cerebellum : An electron microscopic study coupled to immunoperoxidase technique. Neurobiol 7 : 299-306, 1981.
 
Lemke GE : Unwrapping the genes of myelin. Neuron 1 : 535-543, 1988.
 
Lemke GE and Brockes JP : Identification and purification of glial growth factor. J Neurosci 4 : 75-83, 1984.
PubMed
Lenhossek M v : Zur Kenntnis der Neuroglia des menschlichen Ruckenmarks. Verb Anat Ges 5 : 193-221, 1891.
 
Lenhossek Mv : Der Feinere Bau der Nervosen Zentralorgane. Fischer, Berlin 1893 and 1903.
 
Lenhossek M v : Der feinere Bau des Nervensystems im Lichte neuester Forschungen. Fischer, Berlin, 1895.
 
Leong SK, Shieh JY, Ling EA and Wong WC : Labelling of amoeboid microglial cells in the subventricular corpus callosum following the application of horseradish peroxidase in the cerebrum and spinal cord in rats. J Anat 136 : 367-377, 1983.
 
Leonhardt H : Uber ependymale Tanycyten des III Ventrikels beim Kaninchen in elektronenmikroskopischer Betrachtung. Z Zellforsch 74 : 1-11, 1966.
 
Leonhardt H : uber die Blutkapillaren and perivaskularen Strukturen der Area postrema des Kaninchens and uber ihr Verhalten im Pentamethylentetrazol- ("Carbiazol")-Kampf. Z Zellforsch 76 : 511-524, 1967.
 
Leonhardt H : Subependymale Basalmembranlabyrinthe im Hinterhorn des Seitenventrikels des Kaninchengehirns. Zur Frage des Liquorabflusses. Z Zellforsch 105 : 595-604, 1970.
 
Leonhardt H : Ependym and circumventriculare Organe. In : Handbuch der Mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen. Herausg von A Oksche and L Vollrath. Bd 4, Teil 10, Neuroglia I, Springer-Verlag, Berlin S 177-666, 1980.
 
Leonhardt H, Krisch B and Hartwig H-G : Circumventricular organs as targets and release sites for peptide hormones and monoamines. In : Structure and Function of Peptidergic and Aminergic Neurons. Ed by Y Sano, Y Ibata and EA Zimmerman. Jap Sci Soc Press, Tokyo, pp. 55-71, 1983.
 
Leuba G and Garey LJ : Evolution of neuronal numerical density in the developing and aging human cerebral cortex. Hum Neurobiol 6 : 11-18, 1987.
PubMed
Leuba G and Garey LJ : Comparison of neuronal and glial numerical density in primary and secondary visual cortex of man. Exper Brain Res 77 : 31-38, 1989.
 
Leveque TF and Hofkin GA : Demonstration of an alcohol-chloroform insoluble period acid-Schiff reactive substance in the hypothalomus of the rat. Z Zellforsch 53 : 185-191, 1961.
 
Leveque TF, Stutinsky F, Porte A and Stoeckel ME : Caracteres ultrastructuraux des cellule PAS -positives periventriculaires de lemimence median du rat. CR Soc Biol 159 : 751-752, 1965.
 
Leveque TF, Stutinsky F, Porte A and Stoekel ME : Morphologie fine d'une differentiation glandulaire der recessus infundibulaire chez le rat. Z Zellforsch 69 : 381-394, 1966.
 
Levine JM and Stallcup WB : Plasticity of developing cerebellar cells in vitro studied with antibodies against the NG 2 antigen. J Neurosci 7 : 2721-2731, 1987.
 
LeVine SM and Goldman JE : Spatial and temporal patterns of oligodendrocyte differentiation in rat cerebrum and cerebellum. J Comp Neurol 277 : 441-455. 1988.
PubMed
LeVine SM and Goldman JE : Ultrastructural characteristics of GD3 ganglioside-positive immature glia in rat forebrain white matter. J Comp Neurol 277 : 456-464, 1988.
PubMed
LeVine SM and Goldman JE : Embryonic divergence of oligodendrocyte and astrocyte lineages in developing rat cerebrum. J Neurosci 8 : 3992-4006, 1988.
PubMed
Levitt P, Cooper ML and Rakic P : Coexistence of neural and glial precussor cells in the cerebral ventricular zone of the fetal monkey : an ultrastructural immunoperoxidase analysis. J Neurosci 1 : 27-39, 1981.
 
Levitt P, Cooper ML and Rakic P : Early divergence and changing proportions of neuronal and glial precursor cells in the primate cerebral ventricular zone. Dev Biol 96 : 472-484, 1983.
PubMed
Levitt P and Rakic P : Immunoperoxidase localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein in radial glial cells and astrocytes of the developing rhesus monkey brain. I Comp Neurol 193 : 815-840, 1980.
 
Lewandowsky M : Zur Lehre von der Cerebrospinalflussigkeit. Z Klin Med 40 : 480-494, 1900.
 
Lewis PD : A quantitative study of cell proliferation in the subependymal layer of the adult rat brain. Exper Neurol 20 : 203-207, 1968.
 
Lewis PD : Mitotic activity in the primate subependymal layer and the genesis of glimas. Nature 217 : 974-975, 1968.
PubMed
Lewis PD : A quantitative study of cell proliferation in the subependymal layer of the adult rat brain. Exper Neurol 20 : 203-207, 1968.
 
Lewis PD : The fate of the subependynial cell in the adult rat brain, with a note on the origins of microglia. Brain 91 : 721-736, 1968.
PubMed
Lewis PD and Lai M : Cell generation in the subependymal layer of the rat brain during the early postnatal period. Brain Res 77 : 520-525, 1974.
 
Liesi P : Laminin-immunoreactive glia distinguish regenerative adult CNS systems from nonre generative ones. EMBO J 4 : 2505-2511. 1985.
 
Liesi P, Dahl D and Vieri A : Laminin is produced by early rat astrocytes in primary culture. J Cell Biol 96 : 920-924, 1983.
 
Lillien LE, Sendtner M, Rohner H, Hughes SM and Raff MC : Type-2 astrocyte development in rat brain cultures is initiated by a CNTF-like protein produced by type-I astrocytes. Neuron 1 : 485-494, 1988.
 
Lim R : Glia maturation factor and other factors acting on glia. In : Growth and Maturation Factors. Ed by G Guroff. John Wiley, New York, Vol 3, pp 119-147, 1985.
 
Lim R, Miller JF and Zaheer A : Purification and characterization of glia maturation factor-beta. A growth regulator or neurons and glia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 : 3901-3905. 1989.
PubMed
Lim R, Zaheer A and Lane WS : Complete amino acid sequence of bovine glia maturation factor B. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 : 5233-5237, 1990.
 
Lin L-FH, Armes LG, Sommer A, Smith DJ and Collins F : Isolation and characterization of ciliary neurotrophic factor from rabbit sciatic nerves. J Biol Chem 265 : 8942-8947, 1990.
PubMed
Lin L-FH, Mismer D, Lile JD, Armes LG, Butler III ET, Vannice JL and Collins F : Pulification, cloning, and expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Science 246 : 1023-1025, 1989.
 
Lindholm D, Heumann R, Meyer M and Thoenen H : Interleukin-1 regulates synthesis of nerve growth factor in non-neuronal cells of the rat sciatic nerve. Nature 330 : 658-659, 1987.
PubMed
Lindsay RM : Reactive gliosis. In : Astrocytes, Ed by S Fedoroff and A Vernadakis. Academic Press, New York, Vol.3, pp.231-261, 1986.
 
Lindsay RM and Raisman G : An autoradiographic study of neuronal development vascularization and glial cell migration from hippocampal transplants labeled in intermediate explant culture. Neuroscience 12 : 513-530, 1984.
PubMed
Ling EA : Some aspects of amoeboid microglia in the corpus callosum and neighbouring regions of neonatal rats. J Anat 121 : 29-45, 1976.
PubMed
Ling EA : Electron microscopy identification of amoeboid microglia in the spinal cord of newborn rats. Acta Anat 96 : 600-609, 1976.
PubMed
Ling EA : Light and electron microscopic demonstration of some lysosomal enzymes in the amoeboid microglia in neonatal rat brain. J Anat 123 : 637-648, 1977.
 
Ling EA : Brain macrophages in rats following intravenous labelling of mononuclear leucocytes with colloidal carbon. J Anat 125 : 101-106, 1978.
 
Ling EA : Electron microscopic studies of macrophages in Wallerian degeneration of rat optic nerve after intravenous injection of colloidal carbon. J Anat 126 : 111-121, 1978.
 
Ling EA : Transformation of monocytes into amoeboid microglia and into microglia in the corpus callosum of newborn rats, as shown by labelling monocytes by carbon particles. J Anat 128 : 847-858, 1979.
 
Ling EA : Electron microscopic study of macrophages appearing in a stab wound of the brain of rats following intravenous injection of carbon particles. Arch Histol Jap 42 : 41-50, 1979.
 
Ling EA : Cytochemical localization of peroxidase in amoeboid cells in the corpus callosum in postnatal rats. Arch Histol Jap 43 : 305-310, 1980.
PubMed
Ling EA : The origin and nature of microglia. In : Advances in Cellular Neurobiology. Ed by S Fedoroff and L Hertz. Academic Press, New York, Vol. 2, pp. 33-82, 1981.
 
Ling EA, Kaur C and Wong WC : Light and electron microscopic demonstration of non-specific esterase in ameboid microglial cells in the corpus callosum in postnatal rats : A cytochemical link to monocytes. J Anat 135 : 385-394, 1982.
 
Ling EA and Leong SK : Effects of intraneural injection of Ricinus communis agglutinin-60 into the rat vagus nerve. J Neurocytol 16 : 373-387, 1987.
PubMed
Ling EA and Leong SK : Infiltration of carbon-labelled monocytes into the dorsal motor nucleus following an intraneural injection of ricinus communis agglutinin-60 into the vagus nerve in rats. J Anat 159 : 207-218, 1988.
PubMed
Ling EA, Paterson JA, Privat A, Mori S and Leblond CP : Investigation of glial cells in semithin sections. I. Identification of glial cells in the brain of young rats. J Comp Neurol 149 : 43-72, 1973.
PubMed
Ling EA, Penney D and Leblond CP : The use of carbon labeling to demonstrate the role of blood monocytes as precursors of the ameboid cells present in the corpus callosum of postnatal rats. J Comp Neurol 193 : 631-657, 1980.
PubMed
Ling EA and Tan CK : Amoeboid microglial cells in the corpus callosum of neonatal rats. Arch Histol Jap 36 : 265-280, 1974.
PubMed
Ling EA, Wen CY, Shieh JY, Yick TY and Leong SK : Neuroglial response to neuron injury. A study using intraneural injection of ricinus communis agglutinin-60. J Anat 164 : 201-213, 1989.
PubMed
Ling EA, Wong WC, Yick TY and Leong SK : Ultrastructural changes in the dorsal motor nucleus of monkey follwing bilateral cervical vagotomy. J Neurocytol 15 : 1-15, 1986.
 
Liuzzi FJ and Miller RH : Radially oriented astrocytes in the normal adult rat spinal cord. Brain Res 403 : 385-388, 1987.
PubMed
Livingston RB : Cerebrospinal fluid. In : A Textbook of Physiology. Ed by JF Fulton. WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia, pp. 908-916, 1949.
 
Lofgren F : The infundibular recess, a component in the hypothalamo - adenohypophyseal system. Acta Morphol Neerl Scand 3 : 55-78, 1959.
 
Lofgren F : The glial-vascular apparatus in the floor of the infundibular cavity. Lunds Univ Arskr NF 57 : 1-18, 1961.
 
Lord K and Duncan ID : Early postnatal development of glial cells in the canine cervical spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 265 : 34-46, 1987.
PubMed
Louis J-C, Magal E, Takayama S and Varon S : CNTF protection of oligodendrocytes against natural and tumor necrosis factor-induced death. Science 259 : 689-692, 1993.
PubMed
Lubinska L : Sedentary and migratory states of Schwann cells. Exper Cell Res, Suppl 8 : 74-90, 1961.
 
Ludwin SK : An autoradiographic study of cellular proliferation in remyelination of the central nervous system. Amer J Pathol 95 : 683-696, 1979.
 
Ludwin SK : Chronic demyelination inhibits remyelination in the central nervous system. An analysis of contributing factors. Lab Invest 43 : 382-387. 1980.
PubMed
Ludwin SK : Pathology of demyelination and remyelination. In : Demyelinating Disease : Basic and Clinical Electrophysiology. Ed by SG Waxman and JM Ritchie. Raven Press, New York, pp. 123-168, 1981.
 
Ludwin SK : Proliferation of mature oligodendrocytes after trauma to the central nervous system. Nature 308 : 274-275, 1984.
 
Ludwin SK : Reaction of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes to trauma and implantation. A combiped autoradiographic and immunohistochemical study. Lab Invest 52 : 20-30, 1985.
PubMed
Ludwin SK and Bakker DA : Can oligodendrocytes attached to myelin proliferate? J Neurosci 8 : 1239-1244, 1988.
PubMed
Lumsden CE : Nervous tissure in culture. In : The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue. Ed by G Bourne. Akademic Press, New York, Vol 1, pp 67-142, 1968.
 
Lumsden CE and Pomerat CM : Normal oligodendrocytes in tissue culture. Exper Cell Res 2 : 103-114, 1951.
 
Luse SA : Microglia : Neuroglia. In : Pathology of the Nervous System. Ed by J Minckler. McGraw-Hill Book Co, New York, pp. 531-553, 1968.
 
Luskin MB, Pearlman AL and Sanes JR : Cell lineage in the cerebral cortex of the mouse studied in vivo and in vitro with a recombinant retrovirus. Neuron 1 : 635-647, 1988.
PubMed
Machen TE, Erlij D and Wooding FBP : Permeable junctional complexes. The movement of lanthanum across rabbit gall-bladder and intestine. J Cell Biol 54 : 302-312, 1972.
 
Macklin CC and Macklin MT : A study of brain repair in the rat by use of trypan blue, with special reference to the vital staining of macrophages. Arch Neurol Psychiat 3 : 353-394, 1920.
 
Maddon PJ, Dalgleish AG, McDougal JS, Clapham PR, Weiss RA and Axel R : The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain. Cell 47 : 333-348, 1986.
PubMed
Madrid RE, Jaros E, Cullen MJ and Bradley WG : Genetically determined defect of Schwann cell basement membrane in dystrophic mouse. Nature 257 : 319-321, 1975.
PubMed
Magini G : Sur In neuroglie et les cellules nerveuses cerebrales chez les foetus. Arch Ital Biol 9 : 59-60, 1888.
 
Mallat M and Chamak B : Lineage relationship between oligodendrocytes and brain macrophages? Neurosci Lett 99 : 12-17, 1989.
PubMed
Mallory FB : A contribution to staining methods. Z wiss Mikr 18 : 175-179, 1900.
 
Mandelstamm M : Weitere Untersuchungen uber die Farbenspeicherung im Zentralnervensystem. III. Mitteilung. Z ges exper Med 62 : 471-491, 1928.
 
Mandelstamm M and Krylow L : Vergleichende Untersuchungen fiber die Farbenspeicherung im Zentralnervensysem bei Injektionen der Farbe ins Blut und in den Liquor cerebrospinalis. Z ges exper Med 58 : 256-275, 1927 u. 60 : 63-85, 1928.
 
Mann DMA and Yates PO : Polyploidy in the human nervous system. I. The DNA content of neurones and glia of the cerebellum. J Neurol Sci 18 : 183-196, 1973.
 
Mann DMA and Yates PO : Polyploidy in the human nervous system. II. Studies of the glial cell populations of the Purkinje cell layer of the human cerebellum. J Neural Sci 18 : 197-205, 1973.
 
Manthorpe M, Engvall E, Ruoslahti E, Longo FM, Davis GE and Varon S : Laminin promotes neu ritic regeneration from cultured peripheral and central neurons. J Cell Biol 97 : 1882-1890, 1983.
 
Manthorpe M, Skaper S, Williams LR and Varon S : Purification of adult rat sciatic nerve ciliary neurotrophic factor. Brain Res 367 : 282-286, 1986.
PubMed
Marchesi VT and Barrnett RJ : The localization of nucleosidephasphatase activity in different types of small blood vessels. J Ultrastruct Res 10 : 103-115, 1964.
PubMed
Marinesco G : La Cellule Nerveuse. O Doin, Paris, 1909.
 
Marin-Padilla M : Early vascularization of the embryonic cerebral cortex : Golgi and electron microscopic studies. J Comp Neurol 241 : 237-249, 1985.
PubMed
Martonosi AN : The Enzymes of Biological Membranes. Vol. 3. Membrane Transport, 2nd Ed. Plenum, New York, 1985.
 
Martuza RL, Seizinger BR, Jacoby LB, Rouleau GA and Gusella JF : The molecular biology of human glial tumors. Trends Neurosci 11 : 22-27, 1988.
PubMed
Massa PT and Mugnaini E : Cell junctions and intramembrane particles of astrocytes and oligobendrocytes : a freeze-fracture study. Neurosciene 7 : 523-538, 1982.
 
Masuzawa T, Saito T and Saito F : Cytochemical study on enzyme activity associated with cerebrospinal fluid secretion in the choroid plexus and ventricular ependyma. Brain Res 222 : 309-322, 1981.
 
Mateu L and Moran O : Reversible changes in myelin structure and electrical activity during anesthesia in vivo. Biochem Biophys Acta 862 : 17-26, 1986.
 
Matsui T and Kobayashi H : Surface protrusions from the ependymal cells of the median eminence. Arch Anat 51 : 429-436, 1968.
PubMed
Matsumoto Y and Fujiwara M : In situ detection of class I and II major histocompatibility complex antigens-bearing microglia in the rat central nervous system of radiation bone marrow chimera. J Neuroimmunol 17 : 71-82, 1987.
 
Matthews MA : An electron microscopic study of the relationship between axon diameter and the intiation of myelin production in the peripheral nervous system. Anat Rec 161 : 337-352, 1968.
 
Matthews MA and Kruger L : Electron microscopy of non-neuronal cellular changes accompanying neural degeneration in thalamic nucler of the rabbit. I. Reactive hematogenous and perivascular elements within the basal lamina. J Comp Neurol 148 : 285-312, 1973.
 
Matthews MA and Kruger L : Electron microscopy of non-neuronal cellular changes accompanying neural degeneration in thalamic nuclei of the rabbit. II. Reactive elements within the neuropil. J Comp Neurol 148 : 313-346, 1973.
PubMed
Matus A and Mughal S : Immunohistochemical localization of 5100 protein in brain. Nature 258 : 746-748, 1975.
 
Maximow AA : In vitro cultures of mammalian embryos. Anat Rec 25 : 141-142, 1923.
 
Maxwell DS and Kruger L : Small blood vessels and the origin of phagocytes in the rat cerebral cortex following heavy particle irradiation. Exper Neurol 12 : 33-54, 1965.
 
Maxwell DS and Kruger L : The fine structure of astrocytes in the cerebral cortex and their response to focal injury produced by heavy ionizing particles. J Cell Biol 25 : 141-157, 1965.
PubMed
Maxwell DS and Pease DC : The electron microscopy of the choroid plexus. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2 : 467 476, 1956.
 
Mayberg MR, Zervas NT and Moskowitz MA : Trigeminal projections to supratentorial pial and ducal blood vessels in cats demenstrated by horseradish peroxidase histochemistry. J Comp Neurol 223 : 46-56, 1984.
 
Maynard EA, Schultz RI and Pease DC : Electron microscopy of the vascular bed of rat cerebral cortex. Amer J Anat 100 : 409-433, 1957.
 
McCarthy KD and Partlow LM : Preparation of pure neuronal and non-neuronal cultures from embryonic chick sympathetic ganglia : A new method based on both differential cell adhesiveness and the formation of homotypic neuronal aggregates. Brain Res 114 : 391-414, 1976.
PubMed
McCarthy KD and Partlow LM : Neuronal stimulation of〔3H〕thymidine incorporation by primary cultures of highly purified non-neuronal cells. Brain Res 114 : 415-426, 1976.
 
McKeever PE : Macrophage migration through the brain parenchyma to the perivascular space following particle ingestion. Amer J Pathol 93 : 155-164, 1978.
 
McKenna OC : Endocytic activity of subependymal microglial cells in the toad brain : A cytochemical study of peroxidase uptake. J Comp Neurol 187 : 169-190, 1979.
 
McKinnon RD, Matsui T, Dubois-Dalcq M, Aaronson SA : FGF modulates the PDGF-driven pathway of oligodendrocyte development. Neuron 5 : 603-614, 1990.
PubMed
McMorris FA, Smith TM, DaSalvo S and Furlanetto RW : Insulin like growth factor I / somatomedin C : A potent inducer of oligodendrocyte development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 : 822-826, 1986.
PubMed
Merker G : Einige Feinstrukturbefunde an den Plexus chorioidei von Affect Z Zellforsch 134 : 565-584, 1972.
 
Merker G : Feinstrukturstudien an den Plexus chorioidei and am Ependym von Affen (mit Bemerkungen zur Funktion). Anat Anz 134 : Erg. H. 423-426, 1973.
 
Merl F und Goller H : Feinstruktur und Histochemie des Ependyms im III. Ventrikel der Hauswiederkauer. Anat Anz 137 : 21-34. 1975.
PubMed
Meshul CK, Seil FJ and Herndon RM : Astrocytes play a role in regulation of synaptic density. Brain Res 402 : 139-145, 1987.
PubMed
Messier B, Leblond CP and Smart I : Presence of DNA synthesis and mitosis in the brain of young adult mice. Exper Cell Res 14 : 224-226, 1958.
 
Metcalf D : The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors. Science 229 : 16-22, 1985.
PubMed
Metchnikoff E : Legons sur la Pathologic Comparee de l'Inlammation. Masson, Paris, 1892.
 
Metz A and Spatz Il : Die Hortegazellen (=das sogenannte dritte Element) and ihre funktionelle Bedeutung. Z Neurol 89 : 138-170, 1924.
 
Metz A and Spatz II : Die drei Gliazellarten and der Eisenstoffwechsel. Z Ges Neurol Psychiat 100 : 428-449, 1926.
 
Metzler A : De medullae spinalis avian textura. Dissertation. Schilnmann and Mattiesen, Dorpat, 1855.
 
Michaelis J, Price RW and Rosenblum MK : Microglia in the multinucleated giant cell encephalitis of AIDS : Proliferation, infection and fusion. Lab Invest 58 : 64A, 1988.
 
Michalak T, White FP, Gard AL, Dutton GR : A monoclonal antibody to the endothelium of rat brain microvessels. Brain Res 379 : 320-328, 1986.
 
Miettinen M, Holthofer H, Lehto VP, Miettinen A. and Virtanen I : Ulex europaeus I lectin as a marker for tumors derived from endothelial cells. Amer J Clin Pathol 79 : 32-36, 1983.
 
Mihalik Pv : uber die Nervengewebskultures, mit besonderer Berticksichtigung der Neuronenlehre and der Mikrogliafrage. Arch Exper Zellforsch 17 : 119-176, 1935.
 
Millen JW and Rogers CE : An electron microscopic study of the choroid plexus in the rabbit. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2 : 407-415, 1956.
 
Millen JW and Woollam DIIM : On the nature of the pia mater. Brain 84 : 514-520, 1961.
 
Millen JW and Woollam DHM : The Anatomy of the Cerebrospinal Fluid. Oxford Univ Press, London, 1962.
 
Miller RH : Astrocyte heterogeneity in the vertcebrate central nervous system. In : The Making of the Nervous System. Ed by JG Parnavelas, CD Stern and RV Sterling. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 268-281, 1988.
 
Miller RH : The macroglial cells of the rat optic nerve. Ann Rev Neurosci 12 : 517-534. 1989.
PubMed
Miller RH, Abney ER, David S, ffrench-Constant C, Lindsay R, Patel R, Stone J and Raff MC : Is reactive gliosis a property of a distinct subpopulation of astrocytes? J Neurosci 6 : 22-29, 1986.
PubMed
Miller RH, David 5, Patel R, Abney ER and Raff NC : A quantitative immunohistochemical study of macroglial cell development in the rat optic nerve : in vivo evidence for two distinct astrocyte lineages. Dev Biol 111 : 35-41, 1985.
 
Miller RH, ffrench-Constant C and Raff MC : The macroglial cells of the rat optic nerve. Annu Rev Neurosci 12 : 517-534, 1989.
PubMed
Miller RH and Raff MC : Fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes are biochemically and developmentally distinct. J Neurosci 4 : 585-592, 1984.
PubMed
Miller RH and Szigeti V : Clonal analysis of astrocyte diversity in neonatal rat spinal cord cultures. Development 113 : 353-362, 1991.
PubMed
Millhouse OE : A Golgi study of third ventricle tanycytes in the adult rodent brain. Z Zellforsch 121 : 1-13, 1971.
 
Millhouse OE : Light and electron microscope studies of the ventricular wall. Z Zellforsch 127 : 149-174, 1972.
PubMed
Mirsky R, Gavrilovic J, Bannerman P, Winter J and Jessen KR : Characterization of a plasma membrane protein present in non-myelin-forming PNS and CNS glia, a subpopulation of PNS neurons, perineurial cells and smooth muscle in adult rats. Cell Tissue Res 240 : 723-733, 1985.
 
Mirsky R and Jessen KR : A cell surface of astrocytes Ran-2, distinguishes nonmyelin-forming Schwann cell from myelin-forming Schwann cells. Dev Neurosci 6 : 304-316, 1984.
 
Mirsky R, Winter J, Abney ER, Pruss RM, Gavrilovic J and Raff MC : Myelin-specific proteins and glycolipids in rat Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in culture. J Cell Biol 84 : 483-494. 1980.
PubMed
Misson J-P, Edward MA, Yamamoto M and Caviness VS : Mitotic cycling of radial glial cells of the fetal marine cerebral wall : A combined autoradiographic and immunohistochemical study. Dev Brain Res 38 : 183 190, 1988.
 
Misson J-P, Edward MA, Yamamoto M and Caviness VS : Identification of radial glial cells within the developing murine central nervous system : Studies based upon a new immunohistochemical marker. Dev Brain Res 44 : 95-108, 1988.
 
三宅川廉平 : ほるてが氏細胞ノ研究. 第1編. 染色法ニ関スル研究. 京府医大誌 9 : 217-244, 1933.
 
三宅川廉平 : ほるてが氏細胞ノ研究. 第2編. 正常ほてるが氏細胞ノ形態学的研究. 京府医大誌 9 : 499-518, 1933.
 
三宅川廉平 : ほるてが氏細胞ノ研究. 第3編. 病的変化ニ関スル実験的研究. 京府医大誌 11 : 99-147, 1934.
 
三宅川廉平 : 神経膠腫ニ於ケルMesogliaニ対スル疑義ニ就テ. 京府医大誌 11 : 396-402, 1934.
 
Mollendorff W von : Vitale Farbung an tierischen Zellen. Grundlagen, Ergebnisse and Ziele biologischer Farbstoffversuche. Erg Physiol 18 : 141-306, 1920.
 
Mφllgard K, Dziegielewska KM, Saunders NR, Zakut H and Soreq H : Synthesis and localization of plasma proteins in the developing human brain. Integrity of the fetal blood-brain barrier to endogenous proteins of hepatic origin. Dev Biol 128 : 207-221, 1988.
 
Monakow CV : Der Kreislauf des Liquor cerebrospinalis. Schweiz Arch Neurol 8 : 233-234, 1921.
 
Monard D : Cell-derived proteases and protease inhibitors as regulators of neurite outgrowth. Trends Neurosci 11 : 541-544, 1988.
PubMed
Moore BW : A soluble protein characteristic of the nervous system. Biochem Biophys Res Common 19 : 739-744, 1965.
 
Morales R and Duncan D : Prismatic and other unusual arrays of mitochondrial cristae in astrocytes of cats and hamsters. Anat Rec 171 : 545-551, 1971.
PubMed
Mori S : Light and electron microscopic features and frequencies of the glial cells present in the cerebral cortex of the rat brain. Arch Histol Jap 34 : 231-244, 1972.
PubMed
Mori S and llama K : Cytological features and cell proportions of cerebral oligodendrocytes in the young rat. J Electr Micr 20 : 312-317, 1971.
 
Mori S and Leblond CP : Identification of microglia in light and electron microscopy. J Comp Neurol 135 : 57-80, 1969.
PubMed
Mori S and Leblond CP : Electron microscopic features and proliferation of astrocytes in the corpus callosum of the rat. J Comp Neurol 137 : 197-226, 1969.
 
Mori S and Leblond CP : Electron microscopic identification of three classes of oligodendrocytes and a preliminary study of their proliferative activity in the corpus callosum of young rat. J Comp Neurol 139 : 1-29, 1970.
 
Motegi T, Kawai K and Ikuta F : Mitotic figures of glial fibrillary acidic proteinpositive cells in the periphery of human brain abscess. Clin Neuropathol 6 : 241-245, 1987.
PubMed
Mudge AW : Schwann cells induce morphological transformation of sensory neurons in vitro. Nature 309 : 367-369, 1984.
PubMed
Mugnaini E : Helical filaments in astrocytic mitochondria of the corpus striatum in the rat. J Cell Biol 23 : 173-182. 1964.
 
Mugnaini E : Cell junctions of astrocytes, ependyma, and related cells in the mammalian central nervous system, with emphasis on the hypothesis of a generalized functional syncytium of supporting cells. In : Astrocytes. Ed by IS Fedoroff and A Vernadakis. Academic Press, Orlando, Vol., pp. 329-371, 1986.
 
Mugnaini E and Walberg F : Ultrastructure of neuroglia. Erg Anat Entwickl-gesch 37 : 194-236, 1964.
 
Muir AR and Peters A : Quintuple leyered membrane junctions at terminal bars between endothelial cells. J Cell Biol 12 : 443-448, 1962.
PubMed
Munoz-Garcia D and Ludwin SK : Gliogenesis in organotypic tissue culture of the spinal cord of the embryonic mouse. I. Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies. J Neurocytol 15 : 273-290, 1986.
PubMed
Munoz-Garcia D and Ludwin SK : Gliogenesis in organotypic tissue culture of the spinal cord of the embryonic mouse. II. Autoradiographic studies. J Neurocytol 15 : 291-302, 1986.
PubMed
Murabe Y, Ibata Y and Sano Y : Macrophage response and gliosis induced by intraventricular injection of kainic acid. Acta Histochem Cytothem 12 : 600, 1979.
 
Murabe Y, Ibata Y and Sano Y : Morphological studies on neuroglia. III. Macrophage response and 'microgliocytosis' in kainic acid-induced lesions. Cell Tissue Res 218 : 75-86, 1981.
PubMed
Murabe Y, Ibata Y and Sano Y : Morphological studies on neuroglia. IV. Proliferative response of non-neuronal elements in the hippocampus of the rat to kainic acid-induced lesions. Cell Tissue Res 222 : 223-226, 1982.
PubMed
Murabe Y and Sano Y : Thiamine pyrophosphatase activity in the plasma membrane of microglia. Histochemistry 71 : 45-52, 1981.
PubMed
Murabe Y and Sano Y : Morphological studies on neuroglia. I. Electron microscopic identification of silver-impregnated glia cells. Cell Tissue Res 216 : 557-568, 1981.
PubMed
Murabe Y and Sano Y : Morphological studies on neuroglia. II. Response of glia cells to kainic acid-induced lesions. Cell Tissue Res 216 : 569-580, 1981.
PubMed
Murabe Y and Sano Y : Morphological studies on neuroglia. V. Microglial cells in the cerebral cortex of the rat, with special reference to their possible involvement in synaptic function. Cell Tissue Res 223 : 493-506, 1982.
PubMed
Murabe Y and Sano Y : Morphological studies on neuroglia. VI. Postnatal development of microglial cells. Cell Tissue Res 225 : 469-485, 1982.
PubMed
Murabe Y and Sano Y : Morphological studies on neuroglia. VII. Distribution of "brain macrophages" in brains of neonatal and adult rats, as determined by means of immunohistochemistry. Cell Tissue Res 229 : 85-95, 1983.
PubMed
Murray HM and Walker BE : Comparative study of astrocytes and mononuclear leucocytes reacting to brain trauma in mice. Exper Neurol 41 : 290-302, 1973.
 
Murray M : Effects of dehydration on the rate of proliferation of hypothalamic neuroglia cells. Exper Neurol 20 : 460-468, 1968.
 
Murray MR : Nervous tissue in vitro. In : Cells and Tissues in Culture. Ed by EN Willmer. Academic Press, New York, Vol 2, pp 373-456, 1965.
 
Murray MR and Herrmann A : Passive movements of Schmidt-Lanterman clefts during continuous observation in vitro. J Cell Biol 39 : 149a, 1968.
 
Nageotte J : Phenomenes de secretion dans le protoplasme des cellules nevrogliques de la substance grise. CR Soc Biol, Paris 68 : 1068-1069, 1910.
 
Nagy Z, Peters H and Huttner I : Fracture faces of cell junctions in cerebral endothelium during normal and hyperosmotic conditions. Lab Invest 50 : 313-322, 1984.
PubMed
Nathaniel EJH and Pease DC : Collagen and basement membrane formation by Schwann cells during nerve regeneration. J Ultrastruct Res 9 : 550-560, 1963.
 
Netsky MG and Shuangshoti S : Studies on the choroid plexus. In : Neuroscience Research, Vol. 3. Ed by S Ehrenpreis and OC Solnitzky. Acad Press, New York pp. 131-173, 1970.
 
Neuwelt EA, Rappot SI : Modification of the blood -brain barrier in the chemotherapy of malignant brain tumors. Fed Proc 43 : 214-219. 1984.
 
Newman EA : Distribution of potassium conductance in mammalian Muller (glial) cells : A comparative study. J Neurosci 7 : 2423-2432, 1987.
PubMed
Niessing K, Scharrer E, Scharrer B and Oksche A : Die Neuroglia : Historischer Uberblick. In : Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomic des Menschen. Herausgeg von A Oksche and L Vollrath. Bd 4, Teil 10, Neuroglia I, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1980.
 
Nilsson I and Berthold C-H : Axon classes and internodal growth in the ventral spinal root L7 of adult and developing cats. J Anat 156 : 71-96, 1988.
 
Nissl F : Uber einige Beziehungen zwischen Nervenzellerkrankungen and gliosen Erscheinungen bei verschiedenen Psychosen. Arch Psychiat Nervenkr 32 : 656-676, 1899.
 
Nissl F : Die Neuronenlehre and ihre Anhanger. Fischer, Jena, 1903.
 
Nissl F : Zur Lehre von der Hirnlues. Neurol Zbl 23 : 42-45, 1904.
 
Nissl F : Zur Histopathologie der paralytischen Rindenerkrankung. Nissl-Alzheimer Histol Histopathol Arb 1 : 315-494, 1904.
 
Nissley SP and Rechler MM : Insulin-like growth factors : Biosynthesis, receptors and carrier proteins. In : Hormonal Proteins and Peptides. Ed by CH Li. Academic Press, Vol. 12, pp. 128-203, 1984.
 
Noakes PG and Bennett MR : Growth of axons into developing muscles of the chick forelimb is preceded by cells that stain with Schwann cell antibodies. J Comp Neurol 259 : 330-347, 1987.
PubMed
Noble M : Points of controversy in the O-2A lineage : clocks and type-2 astrocytes. Glia 4 : 157-164, 1991.
PubMed
Noble M, Murray K, Stroobant P, Waterfield MD and Riddle P : Platelet-derived growth factor promotes division and motility and inhibits premature differentiation of the oligodendrocyte/ type-2 astrocyte progenitor cell. Nature 333 : 560-562, 1988.
PubMed
Noble M, Wolswijk G and Wren D : The complex relationship between cell division and the control of differentiation in oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte progenitor cells isolated from perinatal and adult rat. Prog Growth Factor Res 1 : 179-194, 1989.
PubMed
Noll E and Miller RH : Oligodendrocyte precursors originate at the ventral ventricular zone dorsal to the ventral midline region in the embryonic rat spinal cord. Development 118 : 563-573, 1993.
 
Norton WT and Farooq M : Astrocytes cultured from mature brain derive from glial precursor cells. J Neurosci 9 : 769-775, 1989.
 
Novikoff AB and Goldfischer 5 : Nucleoside-diphosphatase activity in the Golgi apparatus and its usefulness for cytological studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 47 : 802-810, 1961.
 
Oehmichen M : Receptor activity on some mesenchymal cells in CNS of normal rabbits : Identification of a monocytic origin of intracerebral perivascular cells, epiplex cells and mononuclear phagocytes in the subarachnoidal space. Acta Neuropathol 35 : 205-218, 1976.
 
Oehmichen M : Mononuclear phogocytes in the central nervous system. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1978.
 
Oehmichen M : Functional properties of microglia. In : Recent Advances in Neuropathology WT Smith and JB Cavanagh. Churchill Livingstone, New York, Vol. 2, pp. 83-107, 1982.
 
Oehmichen M : Inflammatory cells in the central nervous system : an integrating concept based on recent research in pathology, immunology, and forensic medicine. Prog Neuropathol 5 : 277-335, 1983.
 
Oehmichen M and GrUninger H : Cytokinetic studies on the origin of cells of the cerebrospinal fluid with a contribution to the cytogenesis of the leptomeningeal messenchym. J Neurol Sci 22 : 165-176, 1974.
 
Oehmichen M, GrUninger H, Saebich R and Narita Y : Mikroglia and Pericyten als Transformations formen der Blut-Monocyten mit erhaltener Proliferationsfahigkeit. Acta Neuropathol 23 : 200-218, 1973.
 
Oehmichen M, Wietholter H and Graeves M : Immunological analysis of human microglia : Lack of monocytic and lymphoid membrane differentiation antigens. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 38 : 99-103, 1979.
 
Oksche A : Histologische Untersuchungen uber die Bedeutung des Ependyms, der Glia and der Plexus chorioidei fur den Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel des ZNS. Z Zellforsch 48 : 74-129, 1958.
PubMed
O'Kusky J and Colonnier M : Postnatal changes in the number of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in the visual cortex (area 17) of the macaque monkey : a stereological analysis in normal and monocularly deprived animals. J Comp Neurol 210 : 307-315, 1982.
PubMed
Oldendorf W : Lipid solubility and drug penetration of blood-brain barrier. Proc Soc Exper Biol Med 147 : 813-816, 1974.
 
Olivo OM : Migrazione di elementi nervosi coltivati in vitro. Arch Exper Zellforsch 4 : 43-63, 1927.
 
Olsson Y and Sjostrand J : Origin of macropharges in Wallerian degeneration of peripheral nerves demonstrated autoradiographically. Exper Neurol 23 : 102-112, 1969.
 
O'Reilly PMR and Fitzgerald MJT : Internodal segments in human laryngeal nerves. J Anat 140 : 645-650, 1985.
 
Owens GC and Bunge RP : Evidence for an early role for myelinassociated glycoprotein in the process of myelination. Glia 2 : 119-128, 1989.
PubMed
Owsjannikow Ph : Disquisitiones microscopicae de medullae spinalis textura, imprimis in piscibus factitatae. Inauguraldissertation. Dorpati Livonorum 1854.
 
Oyanagi K, Yoshida Y and Ikuta F : The chronology of lesion repair in the developing rat brain Biological significance of the pre - existing extracellular space. Virchows Arch A 408 : 347-359, 1986.
PubMed
Palacios-Pru EL, Mendoza RV and Palacios L : In vitro and in situ formation of neuron-glia junctions. Exper Neurol 82 : 541-549, 1983.
 
Palade GE : Fine structure of blood capillaries. J Appl Physiol 24 : 1424, 1953.
 
Palade GE : Blood capillaries of the heart and other organs. Circulation 24 : 368-384, 1961.
PubMed
Paladino G : Sur les limites precises entre Is nevroglie et les elements nerveux dans la moelle epinipre et sur quelques-unes des questions histo-physiologiques qui s'y rapportent. Arch Ital Biol 22 : 39-53, 1894.
 
Paladino G : La dottrina delta continuit2 nell'organizzazione del nevrasse nei vertebrate ed i mutui ed intimi rapporti tra neuroglia e cellule e fibre nervose. Rendic R Accad Sci Fis e Mot. Napoli, Fasc 7-9, p. 25. Ann Neurol 4 : 139-152, 1911.
 
Palay SL : The role of neuroglia in the organization of the central nervous system. In : Nerve as a Tissue, Ed by K Rodahl and B Issekutz jr. Hoeber, New York, pp. 3-10, 1966.
 
Palay SL and Chan-Palay V : Cerebellar Cortex, Cytology and Organization. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1974.
 
Pannese E : The histogenesis of the spinal ganglia. Adv Anat Enbryol Cell Biol Vol 47, fast 5. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1974.
 
Pappenheimer JR, Heisey SR and Jordan EF : Active transport of diodrast and phenolsulfonphthalein from cerebrospinal fluid to blood. Amer J Physiol 200 : 1-10, 1961.
PubMed
Pardridge WM : Transport of nutrients and hormones through the blood brain barrier. Diabetologia 20 : 246-254, 1981.
 
Pardridge WM : Transport of nutrients and hormones through the blood brain barrier. Fed Proc Fed Amer Soc Exper Biol 43 : 201-204, 1984.
 
Pardridge WM, Frank HJL, Cornford EM, Braun LD, Crane PD and Oldendorf WH : Neuropeptides and the blood-brain barrier. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 28 : 321-328, 1981.
 
Pardridge WM and Oldendorf WH : Transport of metabolic substrats through the blood-brain barrier. J Neurochem 28 : 5-12, 1977.
 
Parnavelas JG, Luder R, Pollard SG, Sullivan K and Liberman AR : A qualitative and quanitative ultrastructural study of glial cells in the developing visual cortex of the rat. Phil Trans Roy Soc, London, Ser B 301 : 55-84, 1983.
 
Patek PR : The perivascular spaces of the mammalian Brain. Anat Rec 88 : 1-24, 1944.
 
Paterson JA, Privat A, Ling EA and Leblond CP : Investigation of glial cells in semithin sections. III. Transformation of subependymal cells into glia cells, as shown by radioautography after 3H-thymidine injection into the lateral ventricle of the brain of young rats. J Comp Neurol 149 : 83-102, 1973.
 
Pease DC and Molinari S : Electron microscopy of muscular arteries ; pial vessels of the cat and monkey. J Ultrastruct Res 3 : 447-468, 1960.
 
Penfield VV : Microglie et son rapport avec la degeneration nevrogliale dans on gliome. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 22 : 277-293, 1924.
 
Penfield W : Microglia and the process of phagocytosis in gliomas. Amer J Pathol 1 : 77-89, 1925.
 
Penfield W : Phagocytotic activity of microglia in the central nervous system. Proc NY Pathol Soc 25 : 71-77, 1925.
 
Penfield W : Neuroglia and microglia. In : Special Cytology. Ed by EV Cowdry, Vol. II, Sect XXX. Hoeber, New York, pp. 1032-1068, 1928.
 
Penfield W : A method of staining oligodendroglia and microglia (combined method). Amer J Pathol 4 : 153-157, 1928.
 
Penfield W : The classification of gliomas and neuroglia cell types. Arch Neurol Psychiat 26 : 745-753, 1931.
 
Penfield W : Neuroglia : Normal and Pathological. In : Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Central Nervous System. Ed by W Penfield. Vol. 11, pp. 1-449, Hoeber, New York, 1932.
 
Penfield W : No Man Alone. A Neurosurgeon's Life. Little Brown, Boston, 1977.
 
Penfield W and Cone W : Acute swelling of oligodendroglia. A specific type of neuroglia change. Arch Neurol Psychiat 16 : 131-153, 1926.
 
Penfield W and Cone W : The acute regressive changes of neuroglia (amoeboid) glia and acute swelling of oligodendroglia. J Psychol Neurol 34 : 204-220, 1927.
 
Penfield W and Cone W : Neuroglia and microglia (the metallic methods). In : Handbook of Microscopical Technique. Ed by McClung. Hoeher, New York, pp. 359-388, 1928.
 
Perkins CS, Aguayo AJ and Bray GM : Behaviour of Schwann cells from Trembler mouse on myelinated fibers transplanted into myelinated nerves. Exper Neurol 71 : 515-526. 1981.
 
Perkins CS, Bray GM and Aguayo AJ : On going block of Schwann cell differentiation and development in dystrophic mouse spinal roots. Dev Brain Res 1 : 213-220, 1981.
 
Perraud F, Kuchler S, Gobaille S, Labourdette G, Vincendon G and Zanetta J-P : Endogenous lectin CSL is present on the membrane of cilia of rat brain ependymal cells. J Neurocytol 17 : 745-751, 1988.
 
Perry VH : Macrophages and the Nervous System. RG Landes Company, Austin, 1994.
 
Perry VH and Gordon S : Modulation of CD4 antigen on macrophages and microglia in rat brain. J Exper Med 166 : 1138-1143, 1987.
 
Perry VH and Gordon S : Macrophages and microglia in the nervous system. Trends Neurosci 11 : 273-277, 1988.
PubMed
Perry VH and Gordon S : Resident macrophages of the central nervous system : Modulation of phenotype in relation to a specialized microenviroment. In : Neuroimmune Networks : Physiology and Diseases. Ed by E Goetzl and H Spector. Alan R Liss, London, pp 119-125, 1989.
 
Perry VH, Hume DA and Gordon S : Immunohistochemical localization of macrophages and microglia in the adult and developing mouse brain. Neuroscience 15 : 313-326, 1985.
PubMed
Perry VH, Matyszak MK and Fearn S : Altered antigen expression of microglia in the aged rodent CNS. Glia 7 : 60-67, 1993.
PubMed
Persson LL Ronnback L and Losengren LE : Identification of reactive cells in the injured brain. Acta Neuropathol Scand Suppl 67 : 245-246, 1978.
 
Peters A : The surface fine structure of the choroid plexus and ependymal lining of the rat lateral ventricle. J Neurocytol 3 : 99-108, 1974.
PubMed
Peters A and Muir AR : The relationship between axons and Schwann cells during development of peripheral nerves in the rat. Quart J Exper Physiol 44 : 117-130, 1959.
 
Peters A and Palay SL : An electron microscope study of the distribution and patterns of astroglial processes in the central nervous system. J Anat 99 : 419, 1965.
 
Peters A, Palay SL and Webster H deF : The Fine Structure of the Nervous System. Neurons and Their Supporting Cells. Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford, 3rd Ed, 1991.
 
Peters A and Swan RC : The choroid plexus of the mature and aging rat. The choroidal epithelium. Anat Rec 144 : 325-354, 1979.
 
Peters A and Vaughn JE : Microtubules and filaments in the axons and astrocytes of early postnatal rat optic nerves. J Cell Biol 32 : 113-119, 1967.
PubMed
Pevzner LZ : Topochemical aspects of nucleic acid and protein metabolism within the neuron-neuroglia unit of the superior cervical ganglion. J Neurochem 12 : 993-1002, 1965.
PubMed
Peyronnard JM, Terry LC and Aguayo A : Schwann cell internuclear distances in developing rat unmyelinated nerve fibers. Arch Neurol 32 : 36-38, 1975.
PubMed
Phelps CH : The development of gliovascular relationships in the rat spinal cord. An electron microscopic study. Z Zellforsch 128 : 555-562, 1972.
PubMed
Phillips DE : An electron microscopic study of macroglia and microglia in the lateral funiculus of the developing spinal cord in the fetal monkey. Z Zellforsch 140 : 145-167, 1973.
PubMed
Pixley SKR and DeVellis J : Transition between immature radial glia and mature astrocytes studied with a monoclonal antibody to vimentin. Dev Brain Res 15 : 201-209, 1984.
 
Poduslo JF, Berg CT and Dyck PJ : Schwann cell expression of a major myelin glycoprotein in the absence of myelin assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 : 1864-1866, 1984.
 
Polak M : Pio del Rio-Hortega, 1882-1945. Arch Histol Norm Pat 3 : 377-421, 1947.
 
Politis MJ, Sternberger N, Ederle K and Spencer PS : Studies on the control of myelogenesis. IV. Neuronal induction of Schwann cell myelin-specific protein synthesis during nerve fiber regeneration. J Neurosci 2 : 1252-1266, 1982.
 
Pollen DA : Focal epilepsy and the neuroglial impairment hypothesis. In : Epilepsy. Its Phenomena in Man. Ed by MA Brazicr. Academic Press, New York, pp. 29-35, 1973.
 
Pomerat CM : Pulsatile activity of cells from the human brain in tissue culture. J Nerv Ment Dis 114 : 430-449, 1951.
PubMed
Pomerat CM : Dynamic neurogliology. Tex Rep Biol Med 10 : 885-913, 1952.
PubMed
Porter S, Clark MB, Glaser L and Bunge RP : Schwann cell stimulated to proliferate in the absence of neurons retain full functional capability. J Neurosci 6 : 3070-3078, 1986.
PubMed
Porter S, Glaser L and Bunge RP : Release of autocrine growth factor by primary and immortalized Schwann cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 7768-7772, 1987.
PubMed
Prados M and Gilson WC : Pio del Rio-Hortega 1882-1945. J Neurosurg 3 : 275-284, 1946.
 
Price DS : The response of amphibian glial cells to axon transection. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 31 : 267-277, 1972.
 
Privat A : Sur l'origine des divers types de nevroglie chez le rat. Proc 6th Int Congr Neuropathol, Masson, Paris, pp. 447-448, 1970.
 
Privat A and Fulcrand J : Neuroglia from the subventricular precursor to the mature cell. In : Cell Tissue and Organ Curtures in Neurobiology. Ed by S Fedoroff and L Hertz. Academic Press, New York, pp. 11-37, 1978.
 
Privat A and Leblond CP : The subependymal layer and neighboring region in the brain of the young rat. J Comp Neurol 146 : 277-302, 1972.
 
Privat A, Valat J and Fulcrand J : Proliferation of neuroglial cell lines in the degenerating optic nerve of young rats. A radioautographic study. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 40 : 46-90, 1981.
 
Pruijs WM : Uber Mikroglia, ihre Herkunft, Funktion and ihr Verhaltnis zu anderen Glia-elementen. Z Ges Neurol Psychiatr 108 : 298-331, 1927.
 
Puckett C, Hudson L, Ono K, Friedrich V, Benecke J, Dubois-Dalcq M and Lazzarini RA : Myelin-specific proteoliquid protein is expressed in myelinating Schwann cells but is not incorporated into myelin sheaths. J Neurosci Res 18 : 511-518, 1987.
 
Purkinje J : Uber Flimmerbewegungen im Gehirn. Arch Anat Physiol 3 : 289-290, 1836.
 
Putnam TJ : The intercolumnar tubercle, an undescribed area in the anterior wall of the third ventricle. Johns Hopkins Hosp Bull 38 : 181-182, 1922.
 
Quinton PM, Wright EM and Tormey JMcD : Localization of sodium pumps in the choroid plexus epithelium. J Cell Biol 58 : 724-730, 1973.
 
Rachmanow A : Beitrage zur vitalen Farbung des Zentralnervensystems. Nebst einigen Bemerkun gen fiber den feineren Bau der Pia. Folia neuro-biol 7 : 750-770, 1913.
 
Raff MC : Glial cell diversification in the cat optic nerve. Science 243 : 1450-1455, 1989.
 
Raff MC, Abney ER, Cohen J, Lindsay R and Noble M : Two types of astrocytes in cultures of developing rat white matter : differences in morphology, surface gangliosides and growth characteristics. J Neurosci 3 : 1289-1300, 1983.
PubMed
Raff MC, Abney EA and Miller A : Two glial cell lineages diverge prenatally in rat optic nerve. Dev Biol 106 : 53-60, 1984.
 
Raff MC, Barres BA, Burne JF, Coles HS, Ishizaki Y and Jacobson MD : Programmed cell death and the control of cell survival : Lessons from the nervous system. Sciense 262 : 695-700, 1993.
 
Raff MC, Fields KL, flakornori S-I, Musky R, Pruss RM and Winter J : Cell type specific markers for distinguishing and studying neurons and the major classes of glial cells in culture. Brain Res 174 : 283-308, 1979.
 
Raff MC, Lillien LE, Richardson WD, Borne JF and Noble MD : Platelet-derived growth factor from astrocytes drives the clock that times oligodendrocyte development in culture. Nature 333 : 562-565, 1988.
 
Raff MC, Miller RH and Noble M : A glial progenitor cell that develops in vitro into an astrocyte or an oligodendrocyte depending on culture medium. Nature 303 : 390-396, 1983.
PubMed
Raff MC, Mirsky R, Fields KL, Lisak RP, Dorfman SH, Silberberg DH, Gregson NA, Liebowitz S and Kennedy MC : Galactrocerebroside is a special cell surface antigenic marker for oligodendrocytes in culture. Nature 274 : 813-816, 1978.
 
Raff MC, Williams BP and Miller RH : The in vitro differentiation of a potential glial progenitor cell. EM BO 3 : 1857. 1864, 1984.
 
Rafols JA : Ependymal tanycytes of the ventricular system in vertebrates. In : Astrocytes. Vol 1. Development, Morphology and Regional Specialization of Astrocytes. Ed by S Fedoroff and A Vernadakis. Academic Press Inc, London pp 131-148, 1986.
 
Rafols JA and Goshgarian HG : Spinal tanycytes in the adult rat : a correlative Golgi gold-toning study. Anat Rec 211 : 75-86, 1985.
 
Raine CS : Membrane specializations between demyelinated axons and astroglia in chronic EAE lesions and multiple sclerosis plaques. Nature 275 : 326-327, 1978.
PubMed
Raine CS : Multiple sclerosis and chronic relapsing EAE : comparative ultrastructural neuropathology. In : Multiple Sclerosis. Ed by JF Hallpike, CWM Adams and WW Tourtellotte. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 413-460, 1983.
 
Raine CS : On the association between perinodal arocyte processes and the node of Ranvier in the CNS. J Neurocytol 13 : 21-27, 1984.
PubMed
Raine CS : Morprology of myelin and myelination. In : Myelin, Ed by P Morell. Plenum Press, New York, pp.1-50, 1984.
 
Raju T, Bignami A and Dahl K : In vivo and in vitro differentiation of neurons and astrocytes in the rat embryo. Immunofluorescence study with neurofilament and glial filament antisera. Dev Biel 85 : 344-357, 1981.
 
Rakic P : Neuron-glia relationship during granule cell migration in developing cerebellar cortex. JComp Neural 141 : 283-312, 1971.
 
Rakic P : Neuronal-glial interaction during brain development. Trends in Neurosci 4 : 184-187, 1981.
 
Rakic P : The role of neuronal-glial cell interaction during brain development. In : Neuronal-glial Cell Interrelationships. Ed by TA Sears. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 25-38, 1982.
 
Rakic P : Emergence of neuronal and glial cell lineages in primate brain. In : Cellular and Molecular Biology of Neuronal Development. Ed by IB Black. Plenum Publ Co, New York, pp 29-50, 1984.
 
Rakic P : Principles of neuronal migration. In : Handbook of Physiology. Ed by WM Cowan. Amer Physiol Soc, Bethesda, 1987.
 
Rakic P and Goldman-Rakic PS : Development and modifiability of the cerebral cortex. Neurosci Res Prog Bull 20 : 433-611, 1982.
 
Ramon-Moliner E : A study of neuroglia. The problem of transitional forms. J Comp Neural 110 : 157-171, 1958.
 
Ranscht B, Clapshaw PA, Price J, Noble M and Seifert W : Development of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells studied with a monoclonal antibody against galactocerebroside. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 : 2709-2713, 1982.
PubMed
Ranvier L : Traite Technique d'llistologie. Savy, Paris, 1880.
 
Ranvier L : De la nevroglie. Arch Physion (Paris) 1 : 177-185, 1883.
 
Rapoport SI : Effect of concentrated solutions on blood-brain barrier. Amer J Physion 219 : 270-274, 1970.
 
Rapoport SI : Blood-Brain Barrier in Physiology and Medicine. Raven Press, New York, 1976.
 
Rapoport SI, Hori M, Klatzo I : Testing of a hypothesis for osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier. Amer J Physiol 223 : 323-331, 1972.
PubMed
Rascol M and Izard J : La jonction corticopieme-rienne et la penetration des vaisseaux dans le cortex cerebral chez l'homme. Structure et ultrastructure. Z Zellforsch 123 : 337-355, 1972.
 
Ratner N, Glaser L and Bunge RP : PR 12 cells as a source of neurite-derived cell surface mitogen. which stimulates Schwann cell division. J Cell Biol 98 : 1150-1155, 1984.
 
Reese TS and Brightman MW : Similarity in structure and permeability to peroxidase of epithelia overlying fenestrated cerebral capillaries. Anat Rec 160 : 414, 1968.
 
Reese TS and Karnovsky MJ : Fine structural localization of a blood-brain barrier to exoge-nous peroxidase. J Cell Biol 34 : 207-217, 1967.
 
Reier PJ : Gliosis following CNS injury : The anatomy of astrocytic scars and their influences on axonal elongation. In : Astrocytes. Ed by S Fedoroft and A Vernadakis. Academic Press, Orlando, Vol. 111, pp. 263-324, 1986.
 
Reier PJ, Perlow MJ and Guth L : Development of embryonic spinal transplants in the rat. Dev Brain Res 10 : 201-219, 1983.
 
Retzius G : Kentniss des centralen Nervensystem von Amphioxus lanceolatus. Biol Unters, Neue Folge 2 : 29-46, 1891.
 
Retzius G : Die Neuroglia des Gehirns brim Menschen and bei Saugetieren. Biol Unters, Neue Folge 6 : 1-28, 1894.
 
Retzius G : Weitere Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Cajal'schen Zellen der Groβhirnrinde. Biol Unters, Neue Folge 6 : 29-36, 1894.
 
Retzius G : Zur Kenntnis des Ependym im menschlichen Ruckenmark. Biol Unters, None Folge 6 : 58-59, 1894.
 
Revel JP and Brown SS : Cell junctions in development, with particulate reference to the neural tube. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quart Biol 40 : 443-455, 1976.
 
Rexed B : Contributions to the knowlege of postnatal development of the peripheral nervous system in man. Acta Psychiat Neurol Scand 33 : 1-206, 1944.
 
Reyners H, Gianfelici de Reyners E, Regniers L and Maisin JR : A glial progenitor cell in the cerebral cortex of the adult rat. J Neurocytol 15 : 53-61, 1986.
 
Richardson WD, Mills AD, Dilworth SM, Laskey RA and Dingwall C : Nuclear protein migration involves two steps : rapid binding at the nuclear envelope followed by slower translocation through nuclear pores. Cell 52 : 655-664, 1988.
PubMed
Richardson WD, Pringle N, Mosley MJ, Watermark B and Dubois-Dalcq M : A role for platelet -derived growth factor in normal gliogenesis in the central nervous system. Cell 53 : 309-319, 1988.
 
Rickman M and Wolff JR : Prenatal gliogenesis in the neopallium in the rat. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 93 : 1-104, 1985.
 
Ridge RMAP : The differentiation of conduction velocities of slow twitch and fast twitch muscle motor innervation in kittens and cats. Quart J Exper Physiol 52 : 293-304, 1967.
 
Rieske-Shows E, Tetzlaff W, Czonkowska A, Graber M and Kreutzberg GW : Microglia in culture. In : Glial-Neuronal Communication in Development and Regeneration. Edit by HH Althaus and W Seifert. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, NATO ASI Series H, Vol. 2, pp. 41-51, 1987.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : Notas tecnicas. Noticia de on neuvo y facil metodo para coloration de la neuroglia y del tejido conjuntivo. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 15 : 367-378, 1917.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : Sobre la verdadera signification de la celulas neuroglicas Ilamadas amiboides. Bol Soc Esp Biol Madrid 8 : 229-243, 1919.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : El "tercer elemento" de los centros nerviosos. I. La microglia en estado normal. II. Intervention do la microglia en los procesos patologicos. III. Naturaleza probable de la microglia. Bol Soc Esp Biol Madrid 9 : 69-120, 1919.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : El "tercer elemento" de los centros nerviosos. Potter fagocitario y movilidad de la microglia. Bol Soc Esp Biol Madrid 9 : 154-166, 1919.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : Coloration r5pida do tejidos normales y patologicos con carbonato de plata amoniacal. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 17 : 229-235, 1919.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : La microglia y so transformacion en celulas en bastoncito y cuerpos granulo adiposa. Trab Lab Invest Biol Madrid 18 : 37-82, 1920.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : El "tercer elemento" de los centros nerviosus : Histogenesis y evolution nor-mal, exodo y distribution regional de la microglia. Mom Soc Esp Mist Nat 11 : 213-268, 1921.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : La glia de encasas radiaciones (oligodendroglia). Arch Neurobiol Madrid 2 : Nr 1, 1921 ; Biol Soc Esp Hist Nat 21 : 63-92, 1921.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : Son homologables la glia de escasas radiation es y la celula de Schwann? Bol Soc Espan Biol 10 : 25, 1922.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : Tercea aportaciOn conocimiento morfologico e interpretation functional de la oligodendroglia. Mem Real Soc Esp Hist Nat 14 : 5-122, 1928.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : Concepts histogOnique, morphologique, physiologique et physio-pathologique de la microglie. Rev Neurol 1 : 956-986, 1930.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : Estructura y sistematizacion de los gliomas y paragliomas. Arch Esp Oncol 2 : 411-677, 1931/32.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : Microglia, In : Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System. Ed by W Penfield, Vol. IL Hoeber, New York, pp. 483-534, 1932.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : La neuroglia normal. Arch Histol (B Aires) 1 : 5-71, 1942.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : Ensayo de clasificacion de las alteraciones celulares del tejido nervioso. II. Alteraciones de las celulas neuroglicas. Arch Histol (B Aires) 2 : 5-100, 1944/45.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : Histogenesis y evolution normal ; exodo y distribution regional de la microglia. Arch Histol (B Aires) 5 : 105-150, 1954.
 
Rio-Hortega P del : Variedades morfologicas de oligodendrocites. Arch Histol (B Aires) 6 : 239-291, 1956.
 
Rio-Hortega P del y Jimenez de Asua F : Sobre la fagocitosis en los tumores y en otros procesos patologicos. Arch Cardiol Hematol 2 : 161, 1921.
 
Rio-Hortega P del and Penfield W : Cerebral cicatrix. The reaction of neuroglia and microglia to brain wounds. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 41 : 278-303. 1927.
 
Risau W, Hallmann R, Albrecht U, Henke-Fahle S : Brain induces the expression of an early cell surface marker for blood-brain barrier-specific endothelium. EMBO J 5 : 3179-3183, 1986.
PubMed
Ritchie JM : Voltage-gated cation and anion chain nels in mammalian Schwann cells and astrocytes. J Physiol (Paris) 82 : 248-257, 1987.
 
Robain O : Gliogenese post-natale chez le lapin. J Neurol Sci 11 : 445-461, 1970.
 
Robbins E and Gonatas NK : Ultrastructure of a mammalian cell during the mitotic cycle. J Cell Biol 21 : 429-463, 1964.
PubMed
Robertson W : The normal histology and pathology of neuroglia. J Ment Sci 43 : 733-752, 1897.
 
Robertson W : On a new method of obtaining a black reaction in certain tissue elements of the central nervous system (platinum method). Scotish Med Surg J 4 : 23, 1899.
 
Robertson W : A microscopic demonstration of the normal and pathological histology of mesoglia cells. J Ment Sci 46 : 733-752, 1900.
 
Robinson AP, White TM and Mason DW : Macro phage heterogeneity in the rat as delineated by monoclonal antibodies MRC OX-41 and Mac OX-42, the latter recognizing complement receptor type 3. Immunel 57 : 239-247, 1986.
 
Rohrer H : Nenneuronal cells from chick sympathetic and dorsal root sensory ganglia express catecholamine uptake and receptors for nerve growth factor during development. Dev Biol 111 : 95-107, 1985.
 
Rosenbluth J and Wissig SL : The distribution of exogenous ferritin in toad spinal ganglia and mechanism of its uptake by neurons. J Cell Biol 23 : 307-325, 1964.
PubMed
Rosner H, Al-Agtum M and Henke-Fahle S : Developmental expression of GD3 and polysialogangliosides in embryonic chicken nercons tissue reacting with monoclonal antiganglioside antibodies. Dev Brain Res 18 : 85-95, 1984.
 
Rubaschkin W : Studien uber Neuroglia. Arch Mikr Anat 64 : 575-626, 1904.
 
Rushton WAH : A theory of the effects of fibre size in medullated nerve. J Physiol (Lond) 115 : 101-122, 1951.
PubMed
Russel DA and Bland JOW : A study of gliomas by the method of tissue culture. J Pathol Bacteriol 36 : 273-283. 1933.
 
Russell DS and Rubinstein LJ : Pathology of Tumours of the Nervous System. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 372-401. 1977.
 
Rydberg E : Cerebral injury in newborn children consequent on birth trauma ; with an inquiry into the normal and pathological anatomy of the neuroglia. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Suppl 10 : 1-247, 1932.
 
斎藤修・中川幸英・隠岐宗達 : 視床下部下垂体系における神膠性要素の染色性に関する検討. 日組録 11 : 51-56, 1956.
 
Salahuddin TS, Johansson BB, Kalimo H and Olsson Y : Structural changes in the rat brain after carotid infusions of hyperosmolar solutions. An electron microscopic study. Acta Neuropathol 77 : 5-13, 1988.
PubMed
Salzer JL and Bunge RP : Studies of Schwann cell proliferation. I. An analysis in tissue culture of prolitelation during development. Wallerian degeneration and direct injury. J Cell Biol 84 : 739-752, 1980.
PubMed
Salzer JL, Bunge RP and Glaser L : Studies of Schwann cell proliferation. III. Evidence for the surface localization of the neurite mitogen. J Cell Biol 84 : 767-778, 1980.
PubMed
Salzer JL, Williams AK, Glaser L and Bunge RP : Studies of Schwann cell proliferation. II. Char acterization of the stimulation and specificity of the response to a neurite membrane fraction. J Cell Biol 84 : 753-766, 1980.
 
Samarasinghe DD : The innervation of the cerebral arteries in the rat. An electron microscope study. J Anat 99 : 815-828, 1965.
PubMed
Sanders FK : The thickness of the myelin sheaths of normal and regenerating peripheral nerve fibers. Proc Roy Soc (Lond) Ser B 135 : 323-357, 1948.
 
Sanders FK and Whitteridge D : Conduction velocity and myelin thickness in regenerating nerve fibres. J Physiol (Lond) 105 : 152-174, 1946.
 
Sanes J : Laminin, fibronectin, and collagen in synaptic and extrasynaptic portions of muscle fiber basement membrane. J Cell Biol 93 : 442-451, 1982.
PubMed
Sanes J and Chin AY : The basal lamina of the neuromuscular junction. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quart Biol 48 : 667-678, 1983.
 
Sano Y, Kawamoto M, Takahashi S : Preliminary test of fixatives and other fluids used in autoradiographic technics in histology. Arch histol jap 11 : 573-580, 1957.
 
Sano Y, Murabe Y : Morphological and functional peculiarities of mesenchymal cells in the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland. Cell Tissue Res 206 : 171-180, 1980.
PubMed
Santolaya RC and Rodriguez-Echandia EL : The surface of the choroid plexus cells under normal and experimental conditions. Z Zellforsch 92 : 43-51, 1968.
 
Sasahara M, Fries JWU, Raines EW, Gown AM, Westrum LE, Frosch MP, Bonthron DT, Ross R and Collins T : PDGF B-chain in neurons of the central nervous system, posterior pituitary and in a transgenic model. Cell 64 : 217-227, 1991.
 
佐々木宏 : 成体脳におけるアストロサイトの形態. 神経進歩 37 : 567-575, 1993.
 
Sasaki H, Sato F and Mannen H : Morphological analysis of individual astrocytes of the adult cat visualized by HRP microinjection. Brain Res 501 : 339-354, 1989.
PubMed
Sauer FC : Mitosis in the neural tube. J Comp Neurol 62 : 377-405, 1935.
 
Sauer FC : The cellular structure of the neural tube. J Comp Neurol 63 : 13-23, 1935.
 
Sauer FC : The interkinetic migration of embryonic epithelial nuclei. J Morphol 60 : 1-11, 1936.
 
Sauer FC : Some factors in the morphogenesis of vertebrate embryonic epithelium. J Morphol 61 : 536-579, 1937.
 
Sauer ME and Chittenden AC : Deoxyribonucleic acid content of cell nuclei in the neural tube of the chick embryo : Evidence for intermitotic migration of neclei. Exper Cell Res 16 : 1-6, 1959.
 
Sauer ME and Walker BE : Radiograpihc study of interkinetic nuclear migration in the neural tube. Proc Soc Exper Biol Med 101 : 557-560, 1959.
 
Schafer K and Friede RL : The onset and rate of myelination in six peripheral and autonomic nerves of the rat. J Anat 159 : 181-195, 1988.
 
Schaffer K : Bemerkungen zur Histopathologie des Hirnglioms. Mschr Psychiat Neurol 65 : 209-229, 1927.
 
Schaltenbrand G : Plexus and Meningen. In : Handbuch der Mikroskopischen Anatomic des Menschen. Herausg von MSllendorff-Bargmann. Bd IV, Ted 2, S. 1-139. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-Gottingen, 1955.
 
Schaper A : Die morphologische and histologische Entwicklung des Kleinhirns der Teleostier. Morph Jb 21 : 625-708, 1894.
 
Schaper A : Die frohesten Differenzierungsvorgange im Centralnervensystem. Roux's Arch Entw-Mech Organ 5 : 81-132, 1897.
 
Schaper A : The earliest differentiation in the central nervous system of vertebrates. Science 5 : 430-431, 1897.
 
Schaper A : The finer structure of the selachian cerebellum (Mustelus vulgaris) as shown by chrome-silver preparations. J Comp Neurol 8 : 1-20, 1898.
 
Scheibel ME and Scheibel AB : The inferior olive. A Golgi study. J Comp Neurol 102 : 77-131, 1955.
 
Schelper RL and Adrian EK : Monocytes become macrophages : They do not become microglia : A light and electronic microscopic autographic study using 125-Iododeoxyuridine. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 45 : 1-19, 1986.
PubMed
Scherrer I, Verley R and Garner L : Time, flow and velocity in early life. In : Ontogenesis of the Brain. Ed by L Tilek and S Trojan. Charles University, Prague, pp 303-309, 1968.
 
Schlaepfer WW and Myers FK : Relationship of myelin internode elongation and growth in the rat sural nerve. I Comp Neurol 147 : 255-266, 1973.
PubMed
Schlingemann RO, Dingjan GM, Emeis JJ, Blok J, Warnaar SO and Ruiter DJ : Monoclonal anti body PAL-E specific for endothelium. Lab Invest 52 : 71-76, 1985.
 
Schmechel DE and Rakic P : A rested proliferation of radial glial cells during midgestation in rhesus monkey. Nature 277 : 303-305, 1979.
 
Schmechel DE and Rakic P : A Golgi study of radial glial cells in developing monkey telencephalon : Morphogenesis and transformation into astrocytes. Anat Enbryol 156 : 115-152, 1979.
PubMed
Schnepp G, Schnepp P and Spaan G : Faseranalytische Untersuchungen an peripheren Nerven bei Tieren verschiedener Groβe. I. Fasergesamtzahl, Faserkaliber and Nervenleitungsgeschwindigkeit. Z Zellforsch 119 : 77-98, 1971.
 
Schnepp P and Schnepp G : Faseranalytische Untersuchungen an peripheren Nerven bei Tieren verschiedener Groβe. II. Verhaltnis, Axondurchmesser, Gesamtdurchmesser and Internodallange. Z Zellforsch 119 : 99-114. 1971.
 
Schnitzer J, Franke WW and Schachner M : Immunochemical demonstration of vimentin in astrocytes and ependymal cells of developing and adult mouse nervous system. J Cell Biol 90 : 435-447, 1981.
 
Schousboe A : Transport and metabolism of glutamate and GABA in neurons and glial cells. Int Rev Neurobiol 22 : 1-45, 1981.
PubMed
Schulemann W : Beitrage zur Vitalfarbung. Arch mikr Anat 79 : 223-247, 1912.
 
Schultz RL : Macroglial identification in electron micrographs. J Comp Neurol 122 : 281-295, 1964.
PubMed
Schultz RL and Pease DC : Cicatrix formation in rat cerebral cortex as revealed by electron microscopy. Amer J Pathol 35 : 1017-1041, 1959.
 
Schwab ME and Carnoi P : Oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin are non-permissive substrates for neurite growth and fibrablast spreading in vitro. J Neurosci 8 : 2381-2393, 1988.
 
Schwyn RC : An autoradiographic study of satellite cells in autonomic ganglia. Amer J Anat 121 : 727-739, 1967.
PubMed
Scott DE, Kozlowski GP and Krobisch-Dudley G : A comparative ultrastructural analysis of the third cerebral ventricle of the North American Mink (Mustela vison). Anat Rec 175 : 155-168, 1973.
 
Scott DE, Kozlowski GP, Paull WK, Ramalingen S and Krobisch-Dudley G : Scanning electron microscopy of the human cerebral ventricular system. II. The fourth ventricle. Z Zellforsch 139 : 61-68, 1973.
 
Scott DE, Kozlowski GP and Sheridan MN : Scanning electron microscopy in the ultrastructural analysis of the mammalian cerebral ventricular system. Int Rev Cytol 37 : 349-388, 1974.
PubMed
Scott DE and Krobisch-Dudley G : Ultrastructural analysis of the mammalian median eminence. I. Morphologic correlates of transependymal transport. In : Brain-Endocrine Interaction II. The Ventricular System in Neuroendocrine Mechanisms. Int Symp Shizuoka 1974. Ed by KM Knigge, DE Scott, II Kobayashi and S Ishii. Karger, Basel, pp. 29-39, 1975.
 
Scott DE, Paull WK and Krobisch-Dudley G : A comparative scanning electron microscopic analysis of the human cerebral ventricular system. I. The third ventricule. Z Zellforsch 132 : 203-215, 1972.
 
Seil FJ, Leiman AL and Woodward WR : Cytosine arabinoside effects on developing cerebellum in tissue culture. Brain Res 186 : 393-408, 1980.
 
Selzer RE, Myers RE and Holstein SB : Maturational changes in brain water and electrolytes in rhesus monkey with some implications for electrogenesis. Brain Res 45 : 193-204, 1972.
 
Sendtner M, Kreuzberg GW and Thoenen H : Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents the degeneration of motor neurons after axotomy. Nature 345 : 440-441, 1990.
 
Serebriakow P : Untersuchungen uber das Wachstum and die Differenzierung des Nervengewebes in vitro. Z Zellforsch 22 : 140-184, 1935.
 
Sidman RL : Cell proliferation, migration, and interaction in the developing mammalian central nervous system. In : The Neurosciences : Second Study Program. Ed by FO Schmitt. Rockefeller University Press, pp. 100-107, 1970.
 
Sidman RL, Miale IL and Feder N : Cell proliferation and migration in the primitive ependymal zone : An autoradiographic study of histogenesis in the nervous system. Exper Neurol 1 : 322-333, 1959.
 
Sidman RL and Rakie P : Neuronal migration with special reference to developing human brain. A review. Brain Res 62 : 1-35, 1973.
 
Simpson SA and Young JZ : Regeneration of fibre diameter after cross-unions of visceral and somatic nerves. J Anat 79 : 48-65, 1945.
 
Singer M and Bryant SV : Movements in the myelin Schwann sheath of vertebrate axon. Nature 221 : 1148-1150, 1969.
PubMed
Singer M and Green MR : Autoradiographic studies of uridine incorporation in peripheral nerve of the newts, Trilurm. J Morphol 124 : 321-344, 1968.
 
Singer M and Salpeter MM : The transport of 3H-histidine through the Schwann and myelin sheath into the axon, including a reevaluation of myelin function. J Morphol 120 : 281-315, 1966.
PubMed
Sjostrand J : Proliferative changes in glial cells during nerve regeneration. Z Zellforsch 68 : 481-493, 1965.
PubMed
Sjostrand J : Glial cells in the hypoglossal nucleus of the rabbit during nerve regeneration. Acta Physiol Scand, (Suppl 270) 67 : 1-17, 1966.
 
Sjostrand J : Morphological changes in glial cells during nerve regeneration. Acta Physiol Scand, (Suppl 270) 67 : 19 43, 1966.
 
Sjostrand J : Neuroglial proliferation in the hypoglossal nucleus after nerve injury. Exper Neurol 30 : 178-189, 1971.
 
Skoff RP and Knapp PE : Lineage and differentiation of oligodendrocytes in the brain. Ann NY Acad Sci 633 : 48-55, 1991.
 
Skoff RP, Knapp PE and Barlett WP : Astrocytic diversity in the optic nerve : A cytoarchitectural study. In : Astrocytes. Ed by S Fedoroff and A Vernadakis. Academic Press, Orlando, Vol. 1, pp. 269-291, 1986.
 
Skoff RP, Price DL and Stocks A : Electron microscopic studies of gliogenesis in rat optic nerve. I. Cell proliferation. J Comp Neurol 169 : 291-312, 1976.
PubMed
Skoff RP, Price DL and Stocks A : Electron microscopic studies of gliogenesis in rat optic nerve. II. Time of origin. J Comp Neurol 169 : 313-333. 1976.
PubMed
Skoff RP, Tolland D and Nast E : Pattern of myelination and distribution of neuroglial cells along the developing optic system of the rat and rabbit. J Comp Neurol 191 : 237-253, 1980.
 
Small RE, Riddle P and Noble M : Evidence for migration of oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte progenitor cells into the developing rat optic nerve. Nature 328 : 155-157, 1987.
 
Smart I and Leblond CP : Evidence for division and transformation of neuroglia cells in the mouse brain, as derived from radioautography after injection of thymidine-H3. J Comp Neurol 116 : 349-367, 1961.
 
Smart IHM : A pilot study of cell production by the ganglionic eminences of the developing mouse brain. J Anat 121 : 71-84, 1976.
 
Smart IHM : Three dimensional growth of the mouse isocortex. J Anat 137 : 683-694, 1983.
 
So K-F and Aguayo AJ : Length regrowth of cut axons from ganglion cells after peripheral nerve transplantation into the retina of adult rats. Brain Res 328 : 349-354, 1985.
PubMed
Sobue G, Kreider B, Asbury AK and Pleasure DL : Specific and potent mitogenic effect of axolemmal fraction on Schwann cells from rat sciatic nerves in serum-containing and defined media. Brain Res 280 : 263-275, 1983.
 
Sommer I and Schachner M : Monoclonal antibodies (01-04) for oligodendrocyte cell surfaces : An immunological study in the central nervous system. Dev Biol 83 : 311-327, 1981.
 
Sotelo C and Angaut P : The fine structure of the cerebellar central nuclei in the cat. I. Neurons and neuroglial cells. Exper Brain Res 16 : 410-430, 1973.
 
Soury J : Le Syst@me Nerveux Central Structure et Functions. Histoire Critique des Theories et des Doctrines. 2 Vets, Carre et Naud. Paris, 1899.
 
Spacek J : Three-dimensional reconstruction of astroglia and oligodendroglia cells. Z Zellforsch 112 : 430-442, 1971.
PubMed
Spatz H : Die Bedeutung der vitalen Farbung fur die Lehre vom Stoffaustausch zwischen dem Zentralnervensystem and dem Obrigen Korper. Das morphologische Substrat der Stoffwechselschranken im Zentralorgan. Arch Psychiat 101 : 267-358, 1933.
 
Specht S and Grafstein B : Accumulation of radioactive protein in mouse cerebral cortex after injection of 3H-fucose into the eye. Exper Neurol 41 : 705-722, 1973.
 
Speidel CC : In vitro studies of myelinated nerve fibers. Int Rev Cytol 16 : 173-231, 1964.
 
Spielmeyer W : Histopathologie des Nervensystems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1922.
 
Sposito NM, Gross PM : Morphometry of individual capillary beds in the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system of rats. Brain Res 403 : 375-379, 1987.
PubMed
Sposito NM, Gross PM : Topography and morphometry of capillaries in the rat subfornical organ. J Comp Neurol 260 : 36-46, 1987.
PubMed
Srebro Z : Gomori positive glia and ependymosecretion in mammals. Folia Biol (Krakow) 20 : 363-368, 1972.
PubMed
Srebro Z : Ultrastructural localization of peroxidase activity in Gomori-positive glia. Acta Anat 83 : 388-397, 1972.
PubMed
Stein WD : Transport and Diffusion Across Cell Membranes. Academic Press, Orlando, 1986.
 
Stein WD : Ion Pumps : Structure, Function and Regulation. Alan Liss, New York, 1988.
 
Steindler DA, O'Brein TF and Cooper NGF : Glycoconjugate boundaries during early postnatal development of the neostriatal mosaic. J Comp Neurol 267 : 357-369, 1988.
 
Stensaas LJ and Gilson BC : Ependymal and subependymal cells in the caudatopallial junction in the lateral ventricle of the neonatal rabbit. Z Zellforsch 132 : 297-322, 1972.
PubMed
Stensaas LJ and Reichert WH : Round and amoehoid microglial cells in the neonatal rabbit brain. Z Zellforsch 119 : 146-163, 1971.
 
Stensaas LJ and Stensaas SS : Astrocytic neuroglial cells, oligodendrocytes and microgliocytes in the spinal cord of the toad. II. Electron microscopy. Z Zellforsch 86 : 184-213, 1968.
 
Stenwig AE : The origin of brain macrophages in traumatic lesions, Wallerian degeneration and retrograde degeneration. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 31 : 696-704, 1972.
 
Stern L, Belkina LG, et Ziatowierow AO : Effect de la thyroidectomie et de la parathyroidectomie sur le fonctionnement de la barriere hemato-encephalique. CR Soc Biol Paris 99 : 536-537. 1928.
 
Stern L, Gautier R : Recherches sur le liquide cephalo-rachidien. I. Les rapports entre le liquide cephalo-rachidien et la circulation sanguine. Arch Internal de Physicl 17 : 138-192. 1921.
 
Stern L, Gautier R : Recherches sur le liquide cephalo-rachidien. II. Les rapports entre le liquidecephalo-rachidien et les elements nerveux de l'aux cerebro-spinal. Arch Internat de Physiol 17 : 391-448, 1922.
 
Stern L, Gautier R : Recherches sur le liquide cephalo-rachidien. Ill. Rapports entre le liquide cephalo-rachidien des espaces ventriculaires et celui des espaces sous-arachnoidiens. Arch Internat de Physion 20 : 403-436, 1923.
 
Stern L, Kassil GN, Lokschina ES : Effect du blocage de l'appareil reticulo-endothelial sur le fonctionnement de la barriere hematoencephalique. CR Soc Biol Paris 99 : 538-539, 1928.
 
Stern L, Peyrot R : Le fonctionnement de la barriere hemato-encephalique sox divers stades de developpement chez les diverses especes animales. CR Soc Biol Paris 96 : 1124-1126. 1927.
 
Sternberger NH and Sternberger LA : Blood-brain barrier protein recognized by monoclonal antibody. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 84 : 8169-8173, 1987.
PubMed
Stewart PA and Coomber BL : Astrocytes and the blood brain barrier. In : Astrocytes, Vol. 1, Development, Morphology and Regional Specialization of Astrocytes. Ed by S Fedoroff and A Vernadakis. Academic Press. Orlando, pp. 311-328, 1986.
 
Streeter GL : Die Entwicklung des Nervensystems. In : Handbuch der Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen. Herausg von F. Keibel u FP Mall. Hirzel, Leipzig, Bd 11, S 1-144, 1910/11.
 
Streit WJ, Graeber MB and Kreutzberg GW : Functional plasticity of microglia : a review. Glia 1 : 301-307, 1988.
PubMed
Streit WJ and Kreutzberg GW : Lectin binding by resting and reactive microglia. J Neurocytol 16 : 249-260, 1987.
PubMed
Streit WJ and Kreutzberg GW : Response of endogenous glial cells to motor neuron degeneration induced to toxic ricin. J Comp Neurol 268 : 248-263, 1988.
PubMed
Strong LH : The first appearance of vessels within the spinal cord of the mammal : their developing patterns as far as partial formation of the dorsal septum. Acta Anat 44 : 80-108, 1961.
 
Strong LH : The early embryonic pattern of internal vascularization of the mammalian cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 123 : 121-138, 1964.
PubMed
Sturrock RR : Histogenesis of the anterior limb of the anterior commissure of the mouse brain. I. A quantitative study of changes in the glial population with age. I Anat 117 : 17-25, 1974.
 
Sturrock RR : Histogenesis of the anterior limb of the anterior commissure of the mouse brain. II. A quantitative study of pre and postnatal mitosis. J Anat 117 : 27-35, 1974.
 
Sturrock RR : Histogenesis of the anterior limb of the anterior commissure of the mouse brain. III. An electron microscope study of gliogenesis. J Anat 117 : 37-54, 1974.
 
Sturrock RR : A morphological study of the development of the mouse choroid plexus. J Anat 129 : 777-793, 1978.
 
Sturrock RR : A quantitative lifespan study of changes in cell number, cell division and cell death in various regions of the mouse forebrain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 5 : 433-456, 1979.
PubMed
Sturrock RR : A semithin light microscopic, transmission electron microscopic and scanning electron microscopic study of macrophages in the lateral ventricle of mice from embryonic to adult life. J Anat 129 : 31-44, 1979.
 
Sturrock RR : Cell division in the normal central nervous system. Adv Cell Neurobiol 3 : 3-33, 1982.
 
Sturrock RR : Identification of mitotic oligodendrocytes in semithin sections of the developing mouse corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure. J Anat 137 : 47-55, 1983.
PubMed
Sturrock RR and Smart IHM : A morphological study of the mouse subependymal layer from embryonic life to old age. J Anat 130 : 391-415, 1980.
 
Suarez I and Raff MC : Subpial and perivascular astrocytes associated with node of Ranvier in the rat optic nerve. J Neurocytol 18 : 577-582, 1989.
PubMed
Sutcliffe JG : The genes for myelin revisitied. Trends Genet 4 : 211-213, 1988.
PubMed
Suzuki H, Franz H, Yamamoto T, Iwasaki Y and Konno H : Identification of the normal microglial population in human and rodent nervous tissue using lectin-histochemistry. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 14 : 221-227, 1988.
PubMed
Svensson M and Aldskogius H : Evidence for activation of the complement cascade in the hypoglossal nucleus following peripheral nerve injury. J Neuroimmunol 40 : 99-110, 1992.
PubMed
Szatkowski M, Barbour B and Attwell D : Nonvesicular release of glutamate from glial cells by reversed electrogenic glutamate uptake. Nature 348 : 443-446, 1990.
PubMed
Szebro Z : The ultrastructure of gliosomes in the brains of amphibia. J Cell Biol 26 : 313-322, 1965.
 
Takato M and Goldring S : Intracellular marking with Lucifer Yellow-CH and horseradish peroxidase of cells electrophysiologically characterized as glia in the cerebral cortex of the cat. J Comp Neurol 186 : 173-188, 1979.
 
Tani E, Yamagata S, Ito Y : Freeze-fracture of capillary endothelium in rat brain. Cell Tissue Res 176 : 157-165, 1977.
PubMed
Taniuchi M, Clark HB, Schweitzer JB and Johnson EM : Expession of nerve growth factor receptors by Schwann cells of axotomized peripheral nerves : Ultrastructural location, suppression by axonal contact, and binding properties. J Neurosci 8 : 664-681, 1988.
 
Tao-Cheng JH, Nagy Z and Brightman MW : Astrocytic orthogonal arrays of intramembranous particle assemblies are modulated by brain endothelial cells in viva. J Neurocytol 19 : 143-153, 1990.
 
Tennyson VM and Pappas GD : Electron microscope studies of the developing telencephalic choroid plexus in normal and hydrocephalic rabbits. In : Disorders of the Developing Nervous System. Ed by W Fields and M Desmond. Charles C Thomas, Springfield III, pp-267-318. 1961.
 
Tennyson VM and Pappas GD : An electron microscope study of ependymal cells of the fetal, early postnatal and adult rabbit. Z Zellforsch 56 : 595-618, 1962.
PubMed
Tennyson VM and Pappas GD : Fine structure of the developing telencephalic and myelencephalic choroid plexus in the rabbit. J Comp Neurol 123 : 379-412, 1964.
 
Tennyson VM and Pappas GD : The fine structure of the choroid plexus ; adult and developmental stages. In : Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 29, Brain Barrier Systems. Ed by A Lajtha and DH Ford. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 63-85, 1968.
 
Terry RD and Weiss M : Studies in Tay-Sachs disease. II. Ultrastructure of the cerebrum. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 22 : 18-55, 1963.
 
Thomas PK : Growth changes in myelin sheath of peripheral nerve fibers in fishes. Proc Ryo Soc (London) Set B 143 : 380-391, 1955.
 
Thomas PK and Young JZ : Internode lengths in nerves of fishes. J Anat 83 : 336-350, 1949.
 
Torack RL and Barrnett RJ : The fine structural localization of nucleoside phosphatase activity in the blood-brain barrier. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 23 : 46-59, 1964.
 
Torvik A : Phagocytosis of nerve cells during retrograde degeneration. An electron microscopic study. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 31 : 132-146, 1972.
 
Torvik A : The relationship between microglia and brain macrophages. Experimental investigations. Acta Neuropathol 6 : 297-300, 1975.
 
Torvik A and SkjSrten F : Electron microscopic observations on nerve cell regeneration and degeneration after axon lesions. Acta Neuropathol 17 : 248-264, 1971.
 
Torvik A and Skjorten F : Nerve cell regeneration after axon lesions in newborn rabbits. Light and electron microscopic study. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 31 : 683-695, 1972.
 
Traub P : Intermediate Filaments : A Review. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985.
 
Trimmer PA, Reier PJ, Oh TH and Eng LF : An ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study of astrocytic differentiation in vitro. J Neuroimmunol 2 : 235-260, 1982.
 
Tsuchihashi Y, Kitamura T and Fujita 5 : Immunofluorescence studies of the monocytes in the injured rat brain. Acta Neuropathol 53 : 213-219, 1981.
 
Tsuji S, Kobayashi H, Uchida Y, Ihara Y and Miyatake T : Molecular cloning of human growth inhibitory factor cDNA and its down-regulation in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO J 11 : 4843-4850, 1992-
PubMed
Tsukita S, Ishikawa H and Kurokawa M : Isolation of 10 nm filaments from astrocytes in the mouse optic nerve. J Cell Biol 88 : 245-250, 1981.
PubMed
Tsusaki T, Eriguchi K and Kondo Y : Uber die basophil granulierten Zellen im Plexus chorioideus partis lateralis ventriculi telencephali. Yokohama Med Bull 2 : 110-117, 1951.
 
Tsusaki T, Yamasaki Y, Tange Y, Eriguchi K and Eida T : Uber die Lymphozyten im Plexus chorioideus partis lateralis ventriculi telencephali. Yokohama Med Bull 2 : 234-248, 1951.
 
Uchida Y, Ihara Y and Tomonaga M : Alzheimer's disease brain extract stimulates the survival of cerebral cortical neurons from neonatal rats. Biochem Biophys Res Common 150 : 1263-1267, 1988.
 
Uchida Y, Takio K, Titani K, Ihara Y and Tomonaga M : The growth inhibitory factor that is deficient in the Alzheimer's disease brain is a 68-amino acid metallo-thionein-like protein. Neuron 7 : 337-347, 1991.
 
Uchida Y and Tomonaga M : Neurotrophic action of Alzheimer's disease brain extract is due to the loss of inhibitory factors for survival and neurite formation of cerebral cortical neurons. Brain Res 481 : 190-193, 1989.
 
Unkless JC, Scigliono E and Freedman VH : Structure and function of human and murine receptors for IgG. Ann Rev Immunol 6 : 251-281, 1988.
 
Valat J, Privat A and Fulcrand J : Multiplication and differentiate of glial cells in the optic nerve of the postnatal rat : A reassessment. Anat Embryol 167 : 335-346, 1983.
 
Valentin G : Repertorium fur Anatomic und Physiologic. Kritische Darstellung fremder und Ergebnisse eigener Forschung. Bd I , S 148-159 und Bd III, S. 277-281. Veit, Berlin, 1837.
 
Valentino KL and Jones EG : Morphological and immunocytoehemical identification of macrophages in the developing corpus callosum. Anat Embryol 163 : 157-172. 1981.
 
van Breemen VL and Clemente CD : Silver deposition in the central nervous system and the hematoencephalic barrier studied with the electron microscope. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1 : 161-165, 1955,
PubMed
van Deurs B : Structural aspects of blood-brain barriers, with special reference to the permeabil ity of the cerebral endothelium and choroidal epithelium. Int Rev Cytol 65 : 117-191, 1980.
 
van Deurs B and Koehler JK : Tight junctions in the choroid plexus epithelium. A freeze-fracture study including complementary replicas. J Cell Bird 80 : 662-673. 1979.
 
van Furth R : Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Nomenclature in terms of sites and conditions. In : Mononuclear Phagocytes. Functional Aspects. Ed by R van Furth. Martinus Nijhoff Publ, Hague, pp 1-30, 1980.
 
van Furth R : Current view on the mononuclear phagocyte system. Immunobiol 161 : 178-185, 1982.
 
van Furth R : Production and migration of monocytes and kinetics of macrophages. In : Biology of Monocytes and Macrophages. Ed by R van Furth. Kluwer Academic Publ, Dordrecht -Boston-London, pp 3-12, 1992.
 
van Furth R, Cohn ZA, Hirsh JG, Humphry JH, Spector WG and Langevoort HL : The mononuclear phagocyte system : A new classification of macrophages, monocytes, and their precursors. Bull WHO 46 : 845-852, 1972.
 
Varon SS and Somjen GG : Neuron-glia interactions. Neurosci Res Prog Bull 17 : 1-239, 1979.
 
Vaughan DW and Peters A : Neuroglial cells in the cerebral cortex of rats from young adult-hood to old age : an electron microscope study. J Neurocytol 3 : 405-429, 1974.
 
Vaughn JE : An electron microscopic analysis of gliogenesis in rat optic nerves. Z Zellforsch 94 : 293-324, 1969.
PubMed
Vaughn JE : Review : Fine structure of synaptogenesis in the vertebrate central nervous system. Synapse 3 : 255-285, 1989.
PubMed
Vaughn JE, Hinds PL and Skoff RP : Electron microscopic studies of Wallerian degeneration in rat optic nerves. I. The multipotential glia. J Comp Neurol 140 : 175-206, 1970.
PubMed
Vaughn JE and Pease DC : Electron microscopy of classically stained astrocytes. J Comp Neurol 131 : 143-153, 1967.
PubMed
Vaughn JE and Pease DC : Electron microscopic studies of Wallerian degeneration in rat optic nerves. II. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and adventitial cells. J Comp Neurol 140 : 207 226, 1970.
 
Vaughn JE and Peters A : Electron microscopy of the early postnatal development of fibrous astrocytes. Amer J Anat 121 : 131-152, 1967.
PubMed
Vaughn JE and Peters A : A third neuroglial cell type. An electron microscope study. J Comp Neurol 133 : 269-288, 1968.
 
Vaughn JE and Peters A : The morphology and development of neuroglial cells. In : Cellular Aspects of Growth and Differentiation. Ed by DC Pease. UCLA Forum Med Sci No 14, University of California Press, Los Angeles, pp 103-140, 1971.
 
Vaughn JE and Skoff RP : Neuroglia in experimentally altered central nervous system. In : The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue. Ed by GH Bourne. Academic Press, New York, Vol 5, pp 39-72, 1972.
 
Vercelli-Retta J, Silviera R, Dejas F and Rodriguez D : Enzyme histochemistry of rat interfascicular oligodendroglia, with special reference to 5'-nucleotidase. Acta Anat 96 : 534-546, 1976.
 
Verity AN and Campagnoni AT : Regional expression of myelin protein genes in the developing mouse brain : In situ hybridization studies. J Neurosci Res 21 : 238-248, 1988.
PubMed
Vernadakis A : Neuron-glia interactions. Int Rev Neurobiol 30 : 149-224, 1988.
PubMed
Vigh B : Hypothalamische Ependymosekretion (ependymale Neurosekretion) der Ratte and ihre Beziechung zur Adenohypophyse. Gen Comp Endocrinol 3 : 736-737, 1963.
 
Vigh B : Ependymosecretion, secretion Gomori-positive de l'ependyme Bans l'hypothalamus. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 25 : 140-144, 1964.
 
Vigh B : Das Paraventrikularorgan and das zirkumventrikulare System des Gehirns. Stud Biol Akad Sci Hung 10, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1971, S 1-149.
 
Vignal W : Sur le developpement des elements des couches corticales du cerveau et du cervelet chez l'homme et les mammiferes. Arch Physiol (Paris) 20 : 228-254 et 311-336, 1888.
 
Vignal W : Developpement des Elements du Systeme Nerveux Cerebrospinal. Nerfs Peripheriques. Moelle. Couches Corticales du Cerveau et du Cervelet. Masson, Paris, 1889.
 
Virchow R : Uber das granulirte Aussehen der Wandungen der Gehirnventrikel. Allg Z Psychiat 3 : 242-250, 1846.
 
Virchow R : Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Wissenschaftlichen Medizin. Meidinger Sohn & Co., Frankfurt aM, 1856.
 
Virchow R : Die Cellularpathologie in Ihrer BegrUndung auf Physiologische and Pathologische Gewebelehre. Hirschwald, Berlin, 1. Aufl 1858 ; 4. Aufl 1871.
 
Vizoso AD : The relationship between internodal length and growth in human nerves. J Anat 82 : 342-353, 1950.
 
Vizoso AD and Young JZ : Internodal length and fiber diameter in developing and regenerating nerves. J Anat 82 : 110-134, 1948.
 
Voigt T : Development of glial cells in the cerebral wall of ferrets : Direct tracing of their transfer mation from radial glia into astrocytes. J Comp Neurol 289 : 74-88, 1989.
 
Wade JB and Karnovsky MJ : The structure of the zonula occludens. A single fibril model based on freeze-fracture. J Cell Biel 60 : 168-180, 1974.
 
Waggener JD, Bunn SM and Beggs J : The diffusion of ferritin within the peripheral nerve sheath : an electron microscopy study. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 24 : 430-443, 1965.
 
Waksman BH : Experimental study of diphtheritic polyneuritis in the rabbit and quinea pig. III. The blood-nerve barrier in the rabbit. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 20 : 35-77, 1961.
 
Walberg F : An electron microscopic study of the inferior olive of the cat. J Comp Neurol 120 : 1-17, 1963.
 
Walter Fr K : Die Blot-Liquorschranke. G Thieme, Leipzig, 1929.
 
Walter Fr K : Die "Blut-Hirn-Schranke". Z ges Neurol Psychiat 128 : 580-586, 1930.
 
Walter Fr K : Die allgemeinen Grundlagen des Stoffaustausches zwischen dem Zentralnervensystem and dem ubrigen Korper. Arch Psychiat 101 : 195-230, 1933/1934.
 
Warembourg M, Otten U and Schwab ME : Labelling of Schwann and satellite cells by〔3H〕-dexamethasone in rat sympathetic ganglion and sciatic nerve. Neuroscience 6 : 1139-1143, 1981.
 
Warf BC, Fok-Seang J and Miller RH : Evidence for the ventral origin of oligodendrocyte precursors in the rat spinal cord. J Neurosci 11 : 2477-2488, 1991.
PubMed
Watanabe T and Raff MC : Retinal astrocytes are immigrants from the optic nerve. Nature 332 : 834-837, 1988.
PubMed
Waxman SG and Bennett MVL : Relative conduction velocities of small myelinated and non-myelinated fibres in the central nervous system. Nature 238 : 217-219, 1972.
 
Waxman SG and Black JA : Freeze-fracture ultrastructure of the perinodal astrocyte and associated glial junctions. Brain Res 308 : 77-87, 1984.
PubMed
Waxman SG and Pappas GD : An electron microscopic study of synaptic morphology in the oculomotor nuclei of three inframammalian species. J Comp Neurol 143 : 41-72, 1971.
PubMed
Waxman SG and Sims TJ : Specificity in central myelination : evidence for local regulation of myelin thickness. Brain Res 292 : 179-185, 1984.
PubMed
Waxman SG, Sims TJ and Gilmore SA : Cytoplasmic membrane elaborations in oligodendrocytes during myelination of spinal motoneuron axons. Glia 1 : 286-291, 1988.
PubMed
Webster H deF : The geometry of peripheral myelin sheaths during their formation and growth in rat sciatic nerves. J Cell Biel 48 : 348-367, 1971.
 
Wechsler W : Electron microscopy of the cytodifferentiation in the developing brain of chick embryos. In : Evolution of the Forebrain. Ed by R Hassler and H Stephan. Thieme, Stutt gart, pp. 213-224, 1966.
 
Weigert C : Bemerkungen Uber das Neurogliagerlist des menschlichen Zentralnervensystems. Anat Anz 5 : 543-556, 1890.
 
Weigert C : Zur pathologischen Histologie des Neurogliafasergerustes. Zbl Allg Pathol pathol Anat 1 : 729-737, 1890.
 
Weigert C : Beitrage zur Kenntniss der normalen menschlichen Neuroglia. (Festschrift zum 50. -jahrigen Jubil. d. arztl. Vereins zu Frankfurt aM) Abh. Senckenberg Naturforsch Ges 19 : 65-209, 1895.
 
Weigert C : Uber eine Methode zur Fabung elastischer Fasern. Zbl Pathol 9 : 289-292, 1898.
 
Weinberg HJ and Spencer PS : Studies on the control of myelinogenesis. I- Myelination of regenerating axons after entry into a foreign ummyelinated nerve. J Neurocytol 4 : 395-418, 1975.
 
Weinberg HJ and Spencer PS : Studies on the control of myelinogenesis. II. Evidence for neuronal regulation of myelin production. Brain Res 113 : 363-378, 1976.
PubMed
Weindle A and Joynt RJ : The median eminence as a circumventricular organ. In : Brain-Endocrine Interaction. Median Eminence : Structure and Function. Int Symp Munich 1971. Ed by KM Knigge, OE Scott and A Weindl. Karger, Basel pp. 280-297, 1972.
 
Wekerle II : The lesion of acute autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Lab Invest 51 : 199-205, 1984.
PubMed
Wekerle II, Schwab M, Linnington C and Meyermann R : Antigen presentation in the peripheral nervous system : Schwann cells present endogenous autoantigens to lymphocytes. Ear J Immunol 16 : 1551-1556, 1986.
 
Wendell-Smith CP, Blunt MJ and Baldwin F : The ultrastructural characterization of macroglial cell types. J Comp Neurol 127 : 219-239, 1966.
PubMed
Wenzel j et Wenzel K : De penitiori structura cerebri humani et brutorum. Cotta, Tubingen, 1812.
 
West IC : The Biochemistry of Membrane Transport. Chapman & Hall, London, 1983.
 
Westergaard E and Brightman MW : Transport of proteins across normal cerebral arterioles. J Comp Neural 152 : 17-44, 1973.
 
Wijhe JW van : Uber die Mesodermsegmente und die Entwicklung der Nerven des Selachierkopfes. Verb Kon Akad Wetensch Amsterdam 22 : E, 1-50, 1883.
 
Wilder BJ, Schimpff BD and Collins GH : Ultra structure study of the chronic experimental epileptic focus. Epilepsia 31 : 341-355, 1972.
 
Williams LT : Signal transduction by the platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Science 243 : 1564 1570, 1989.
 
Williams PL and Hall SM : Prolonged in viva observations of normal peripheral nerve fibres and their acute reactions to crush and deliberate trauma. J Anat 108 : 397-408, 1971.
 
Williams PL and Hall SM : Chronic Wallerian degeneration-an in vivo and ultrastructural study. J Anat 109 : 487-503, 1971.
 
Wilson GF and Chin SY : Potassium channel regulation in Schwann cells during early developmental myelogenesis. J Neurosci 10 : 1615-1625, 1990.
 
Wislocki GB and Ladman AJ : The fine structure of the mammalian choroid plexus. In : Ciba Foundertion Symposium on Cerebrospinal Fluid. Ed by GEW Wolstenholme and CM O'Connor. Little Brown, Boston, pp. 55-79, 1958.
 
Wislocki GB and Leduc EH : Vital staining of the hematoencephalic barrier by silver nitrate and trypan blue, and cytological comparisons of the neurohypophysis, pineal body, area postrema, intercolumnar tubercle and supraoptic crest. J Comp Neurol 96 : 371-414, 1952.
PubMed
Wislocki GB and Putnam TJ : Note on the anatomy of the areae postremae. Anat Rec 19 : 281-287, 1920.
 
Wislocki GB and Putnam TJ : Further observations on the anatomy and physiology of the areae postremae. Anat Rec 27 : 151-156, 1924.
 
Wisniewski HM, Wegiel J, Wang KC, Kujawa M and Lach B : Ultrastructural studies of the cells forming amyloid fibers in classical pqaques. J Neurol Sci 16 : 535-542, 1989.
 
Wittkowski W : Zur Ultrastruktur der ependymalen Tanycyten and Pituicyten sowie ihre synaptische Verknupfung in der Neurohypophyse des Meerschweinchens. Acta Anat 67 : 338-360, 1967.
 
Wolff J : Uber die Moglichkeiten der Kapillarverengung in Zentralnervensystem. Fine elektoronenmikroskopische Studie an der Grosshirnrinde des Kaninchens. Z Zellforsch 63 : 593-611, 1964.
 
Wolff JR and Bar T : "Seamless" endothelia in brain capillaries during development of the rat's cerebral cortex. Brain Res 41 : 17-24, 1972.
 
Wolswijk G and Noble M : Identification of an adult-specific glial progenitor cell. Development 105 : 387-400, 1989.
PubMed
Wood GW, Gollahan KA, Tilzer SA, Wars T and Morantz RA : The failure of microglia in normal brain to exhibit mononuclear phagocytes marker. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 38 : 369 376. 1979.
 
Wood PM and Bunge RP : Evidence that sensory axons are mitogenic for Schwann cells. Nature 256 : 662-664, 1975.
PubMed
Wood PM and Bunge RP : The biology of the oligodendrocyte. In : Oligodendroglia, Advances in Neurochemistry. Ed by WT Norton. Plenum, New York, Vol. 5 : pp. 1-46, 1984.
 
Woollard HH : Vital staining of the leptomeninges. J Anat 58 : 89-100, 1924.
PubMed
Worthington WC and Cathcart RS : Ependymal cilia : distribution and activity in the adult human brain. Science 139 : 221-222, 1963.
PubMed
Wuerker RB : Neurofilaments and glial filaments. Tissue Cell 2 : 1-10. 1970.
PubMed
Wujik JR and Reier PJ : Astrocytic membrane morphology : differences between mammalian and amphibian astrocytes after axotomy. J Comp Neurol 222 : 607-619, 1984.
 
Yasuzumi G and Tsubo I : The fine structure of nuclei as revealed by electron microscopy. III. Adenosine triphosphatase activity in the pores of nuclear envelope of mouse choroid plexus epithelial cells. Exper Cell Res 43 : 281-292, 1966.
 
Young MB : H3T-labelled blood cells in the CNS response to axotomies at various times after isotope injection. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 36 : 465-473, 1977.
 
Zalc B, Monge M, Dupouey P, Hauw JJ and Baumann NA : Immunohistochemical localization of galactosyl and sulfogalactosyl ceramide in the brain of the 30-day-old mouse. Brain Res 211 : 341-354, 1981.
PubMed
Zeuthen T and Wright EM : Epithelial potassium transport : tracer and electrophysiological studies in choroid plexus. J Membrane Biol 60 : 105-128, 1981.
PubMed
Zimmerman A and Sutter A : B-Nerve growth factor (BNGF) receptors on glial cells. Cell-cell interaction between neurones and Schwann cellsin cultures of chick sensory ganglia. EMBO J 2 : 879-885, 1983.
 
Zimmerman HM : Brain tumors : Their incidence and classification in man and their experimental production. Ann NY Acad Sci 159 : 337-359, 1969.
 
Zimmerman HM : The ten most common types of brain tumor. Semin Roentgenol 6 : 48-58, 1971.
PubMed
Zimmerman TR and Cammer W : ATPase activities in myelin and oligodendrocytes isolated from the brain of developing rat and from bovine brain white matter. J Neurosci Res 8 : 73-81, 1982.
PubMed
Zulch KJ : Die Hirngeschwulste in biologischer and morphologischer Darstellung. Barth, Leipzig, 2 Aufl, 1956.
 
Zulch KJ : Biologic and Pathologie der Hirngeschwulste. In : Handbuch der Neurochirurgie Herausgeg von W Krenkel, H Olivecrona and W Tonnis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Bd III, S 1-702, 1956.
 

VI 機能的形態

P.823 掲載の参考文献
Abercrombie M : The crawling movement of metazoan cells. Proc Roy Soc (Lond) Ser B, 207 : 129-147, 1980.
 
Abercrombie M and Johnson ML : Quantitative histology of Wallerian degeneration. I. Nuclear population in rabbit sciatic nerve. J Anat 80 : 37-47, 1946.
 
Abercrombie M and Johnson ML : The effect of reinnervation on collagen formation in degenerating sciatic nerves of rabbits. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 10 : 89-92, 1947.
PubMed
Abrahams Pit, Day A and Alit G : The node of Ranvier in early Wallerian degeneration : a freeze-fracture study. Acta Neuropathol 54 : 95-100, 1981.
 
Adams W B and Levitan IB : Voltage and ion dependences of the slow currents which mediate bursting in Aplysia neurone R15. J Physicl 360 : 69-93, 1985.
 
Aguayo AJ : Axonal regeneration from injured neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system. In : Synaptic Plasticity. Ed by CW Cotman. Guiford, New York, pp 457-484, 1985.
 
Aguayo AJ, Benfey M and David S : A potential for axonal regeneration in neurons of the adult mammalian nervous system. In : Nervous System Regeneration. Ed by B Haber, JR Perez-Polo, GA Hashim and AMG Stella. Liss, New York, pp 327-340, 1983.
 
Aguayo AJ and Bray GM : Cell interactions studied in the peripheral nerves of experimental animals. In : Peripheral Neuropathy. Ed by PJ Thomas, EH Lambert and RP Bunge WB. Saunders Co, Philadelphia, pp 3/60-377, 1984.
 
Aguayo AJ, Bray GM, Perkins CS and Duncan ID : Axon-sheath interactions in peripheral and central nervous system transplants. Soc Neurosci Symp 4 : 361-383, 1979.
 
Aguayo AJ, Charron L and Bray GM : Potential of Schwann cells from unmyelinated nerves to produce myelin : a quantitative ultrastructural and antoradiographic study. J Neurocytol 5 : 565-573, 1976.
 
Aguayo AJ, David S, Richardson P and Bray GM : Axonal elongation studied in peripheral and central nervous system transplants. In : Advances in Cellular Neurobiology. Ed by S Fedoroff and L Hertz. Academic Press, New York, Vol 3, pp 215-234, 1982.
 
Aguayo AJ, Epp-s J, Charron L and Bray GM : Multipotentiality of Schwann cells in cross-anastomosed and grafted myelinated and unmyelinated nerves : quantitative microscopy and radio autography. Brain Res 104 : 1-20, 1976.
 
Akert K, Pfenninger K, Sandri C and Moor H : Freeze-etching and cytochemistry of vesicles and membrane complexes in synapses of the CNS. In : Structure and Function of Synapse. Ed by GD Pappas and DP Purpura. Raven Press, New York, pp 67-86, 1972.
 
Albus JS : A theory of cerebellar function. Math Biosci 10 : 25-61, 1971.
 
Aldskogius H : Indirect Wallerian degeneration in intramedullary root fibres of the kitten hypoglos sal nerve. Light and electron microscopical observations on silver impregnated sections. Neurobiology 4 : 132-150, 1974.
 
Aldskogius H : Glial cell responses in the adult rabbit dorsal motor vagal nucleus during axon reaction. J Neuropathol Exper Neural 8 : 341-349, 1982.
 
Alitalo K, Kurkinen M, Virtanen I, Mellstrom K and Vaheri A : Deposition of basement membrave proteins in attachment and neurite formation of cultured marine C-1300 neuroblastoma, cells. J Cell Biochem 18 : 25-35, 1982.
 
Alkon DL : Memory Traces in the Brain. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.
 
Alkon DL : Memory storage and neural systems. Sci Amer 261 : 42-50, 1989.
PubMed
Allen RD : New observations on cell architecture and dynamics by video enhanced contrast optical microscopy. Ann Rev Biophys Biochem Biochem 14 : 265-290, 1985.
 
Allen RD and Allen NS : Video-enhanced microscopy with a computer frame memory. J Microsc 129 : 3-17, 1983.
 
Allen RD, Allen NS and Travis JL : Video enhanced contrast, differential interference contrast (AVEC-DIC) microscopy : a new method capable of analyzing microtubule-related motility in the reticulopodial network of Allogromia lalicollans. Cell Motil 1 : 291-302, 1981.
PubMed
Allen RD, Brown DT, Gilbert SP and Fujiwaka H : Transport of vesicles along filaments dissociated from squid axoplasm. Biol Bull 165 : 523, 1983.
 
Allen RD, Metuzals J, Tasaki I, Brady ST and Gilbert S : Fast axonal transport in squid giant axon. Science 218 : 1127-1129, 1982.
PubMed
Allen RD, Weiss DG, Hayden JH, Brown TD, Fujiwaka H and Simpson M : Gliding movement of and bidirectional organelle transport along single native microtubules from squid axoplasm : evidence for an active role of microtubules in cytoplasmic transport. J Cell Biol 100 : 1736-1752, 1985.
 
Allt G : An ultrastructural analysis of remyelination following segmental demyelination. Acta Neuropathol 22 : 333-344, 1972.
 
Allt G : Pathology of the peripheral nerve. In : The Peripheral Nerve. Ed by DN Landon. Chapman and Hall, London, pp666-739, 1976.
 
Aloyo VJ, Zwiers Hand Gispen WH : Phosphorylation of B-50 protein by calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase and B-50 protein kinase. J Neurochem 41 : 649-653, 1983.
 
Alvarez J, Arredondo F, Espejo F and Williams V Regulation of axonal microtubules : Effect of sympathetic hyperactivity elicited by reserpine. Neuroscience 7 : 2551-2559, 1982.
PubMed
Alvarez J and POschel M : Transfer of material from efferent axons to sensory epithelium in goldfish vestibular system. Brain Res 37 : 265-278, 1972.
 
Alvarez J and Zarour J : Microtubules in short and in long axons of the same caliber : Implications for the maintenance of the neuron. Exper Neurol 79 : 283-286, 1983.
 
Alvarez-Buylla A, Kim JR and Nottebohm F : Birth of projection neurons in adult avian brain may be related to perceptual or motor learning. Science 249 : 1444-1446, 1990.
PubMed
Alvarez Buylla A and Nottebohm F : Migration of young neurons in adult avian brain. Nature 335 : 353-354, 1988.
PubMed
Anderson PN, Melden AR, Mitchell J and Mayor D : The uptake and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase-polylysine conjugate by ligated postganglionic sympathetic nerves in vitro. J Neurophysiol 10 : 19-26, 1981.
 
Andres KH : Mikropinozytose im Zentralnervensystem. Z Zellforsch 64 : 63-73, 1964.
PubMed
Andres KH and von During M : Mikropinozytose im motorischen Endplatten. Naturwiss 23 : 615-616, 1966.
 
Angeletti PU, Angeletti RH, Frazier WA and Bradshaw RA : Nerve growth factor. In : Proteins of the Nervous System. Ed by DJ Schneider, RH Angeletti, RA Bradshow, A Grasso and BW Moore. Raven Press, New York, pp 133-154, 1973.
 
Angeletti PU and Levi-Montalcini R : Sympathetic nerve cell destruction in newborn mammals by 6-hydroxydopamine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 65 : 114-121, 1970.
PubMed
Angeletti PU. Levi-Montalcini R and Caramia F : Ultrastructural changes in sympathetic neurons of newborn and adult mice treated with nerve growth factor. J Ultrastruct Res 36 : 24-36, 1971.
PubMed
Apel ED, Byford MK Au D, Walsh DA and Storm DR : Identification of the protein kinase C phosphorylation site in neuromodulin. Biochemistry 29 : 2330-2335, 1990.
 
Argiro V, Bunge MB and Johnson MI : A quantitative study of growth cone filopodial extension. J Neurosci 13 : 149-162, 1985.
 
Arvidsson B, Kristensson K and Olsson Y : Vascular permeability to fluorescent protein tracer in trigeminal nerve and Gasserian ganglion. Acta Neuropathol 26 : 199-205, 1973.
PubMed
Arvidsson U, Johnson H, Piehl F, Cullheim S, Hokfelt T, Risling M, Terenius L and Ulfnake B : Peripheral nerve section induces increased level of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity in axotomized motoneurons. Exper Brain Res 79 : 212-216, 1990.
 
Bailey CH and Chen M : Morphological basis of long-term habituation and sensitization in Aplysia. Science 220 : 91-93, 1983.
 
Bailey CH and Chen M : Morphological basis of short-term habituation in Aplysia. J Neurosci 8 : 2452-2459, 1988.
 
Bailey CH and Chen M : Structural plasticity at identified synapses during longterm memory in Aplysia. J Neurosci 20 : 356-272, 1989.
 
Bailey CH, Hawkins RD, Chen MC and Kandel ER : Interneurons involved in mediation and modulation of gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. IV. Morphological basis of presynaptic facilitation. J Neurophysiol 45 : 340-360, 1981.
PubMed
Balak K, Jacobson M, Sunshine J and Rutishauser U : Neural cell adhesion molecule expression in Xenopus embryos. Dev Bird 119 : 540-550, 1987.
 
Balsamo J and Lilien J : Functional identification of three components which mediate tissue-type specific embryonic cell adhesion. Nature 251 : 522-524, 1974.
PubMed
Bamburg JR and Bernstein BW : Actin and actin-binding proteins in neurons. In The Neuronal Cytoskeleton. Ed by RD Burgoyne. Wiley-Liss, Inc. New York, pp 121-160, 1991.
 
Bamburg JR, Bray D and Chapnian K : Assembly of microtubules at the tip of growing axons. Nature 321 : 788-790, 1986.
 
Banks P, Mayor D and Owen T : Effects of low temperatures on microtubules in the non-myelinated axons of post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves. Brain Res 83 : 277-292, 1975.
PubMed
Bar ML and Beitrum EG : The behaviour of nuclear structures during depletion and restoration of Nissl material in motor neurons. J Anat 85 : 171-181, 1951.
 
Bargmann W : uber die neurosekretorische Verknupfung von Hypothalamus und Neurohypophyse. Z Zellforsch 34 : 610-634, 1949.
 
Barnard RI : Experimental changes in end-feet of Held-Auerbach in spinal cord of cat. J Comp Neurol 73 : 235-264, 1940.
 
Barnes CA : Memory dificits associated with senescence : a neurophysiological and behavioral study in the rat. J Comp Physial Psychol 93 : 74-104, 1979.
 
Baron-van Evercooren A, Kleinman HD, Ohno S, Marangos P, Schwartz JP and Dubois-Dalcq ME : Nerve growth factor, laminin and fibronectin promote nerve growth in human fetal sensory ganglia cultures. J Neurosci Res 8 : 179-183, 1982.
 
Barr ML and Bertram EG : The behaviour of nuclear structures during depletion and restoraion of Nissl material in motor neurons. J Anat 85 : 171-181, 1951.
PubMed
Barrionuevo G and Brown TH : Associative long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80 : 7347-7351, 1983.
 
Barron ED : Comparative observations on the cytologic reactions of central and peripheral nerve cells to axotomy. In : Spinal Cord Reconstruction. Ed by CC Kao, RP Bunge and PJ Reier. Raven Press, New York, pp 7-40, 1983.
 
Barron KD and Tuncbay TO : Histochemistry of acid phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase during axon reaction. Amer J Pathol 40 : 637-652, 1962.
 
Barron ED and Tuncbay TO : Phosphatase histochemistry of feline cervical spinal cord after brachial plexectomy. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 23 : 368-386, 1964.
 
Basi GS, Jacobson RD, Virag I, Schilling J and Skene JH : Primary structure and transcriptional regulation of GAP-43, a protein associated with nerve growth. Cell 49 : 785-791, 1987.
PubMed
Bass PW and Heideman SR : Microtubule reassembly from nucleating fragments during the regrowth of amputated neurites. J Cell Biol 103 : 917-927, 1986.
 
Bastiani MJ, du Lac S and Goodman CS : The first neuronal growth cones in insect embryos : Model system for studing the development of neuronal specificity. In : Model Neural Network and Behavior. Ed by Al Selverston. Plenum Publ Co, New York, pp 149-175, 1985.
 
Bastiani MJ, Harrelson AL, Snow PM and Goodmas CS : Expression of fasciclin I and II glycoproteins on subsets of axon pathways during neuronal development in the grasshopper. Cell 48 : 745-755, 1987,
 
Baudry M and Lynch G : Regulation of hippocampal glutamate receptors : evidence for involvement of calcium activated protease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77 : 2298-2303, 1981.
 
Baxter DA and Byrne JH : Differential effects of cAMP and serotonin on membrane current, action potential duration, and excitability of pleural sensory neurons of Aplysia. J Neurophysiol 64 : 978-990, 1990.
PubMed
Belardetti F, Kandel ER and Siegelbaum SA : Neuronal inhibition by the peptide FMRF amide involves opening of S K+ channels. Nature 325 : 153-156, 1987.
 
Belardetti F and Siegelbaum SA : Up- and down-modulation of single K'channel function by distinet second messengers. Trends Neurosci 11 : 232-238, 1988.
 
Benfey M and Aguayo AJ : Extensive elongation of axons from rat brain into peripheral nerve grafts. Nature 296 : 150-152, 1982.
PubMed
Bennet GS : Changes in intermediate filament composition during neurogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 21 : 151-184, 1987.
 
Bennet GS and DiLullo C : Slow posttranslational modification of a neurofilament protein. J Cell Biol 100 : 1799-1804, 1985.
 
Bennett G, Di Giamberardino L, Koenig HL and Droz B : Axonal migration of protein and glycoprotein to nerve endings. II. Radioautographic analysis of the renewal of glycoproteins in nerve endings of chicken ciliary ganglion after intrace-rebral injection of〔3H〕glucosamine. Brain Res 60 : 129-146, 1973.
 
Benowitz LL Apostolides PJ, Perrone Bizzozero N, Finklestein SP and Ziers H : Anatomical distribution of the growth-associated protein GAP-43/B--50 in the adult rat brain. J Neurosci 8 : 339-352, 1988.
 
Benowitz LI and Lewis ER : Increased transport of 44,000-40,000 -dalton acidic protein during regeneration of the goldfish optic nerve : A two-dimensional gel analysis. J Neurosci 3 : 2153-2163, 1983.
PubMed
Benowitz LI and Routtenberg A : A membrane hosphoprotein associated with neural development, axonal regeneration, phospholipid metabolism, and synaptic plasticity. Trends Neurosci 10 : 527-532, 1987.
 
Bergen LA and Borisy GG : Head to tail polymerization of microtubules in vitro. Electron microscopic analysis of seeded assembly. J Cell Biol 84 : 141-150, 1980.
 
Berlinrood M, McGee-Russell SM and Allen RD : Patterns of particle movement in nerve fibres in vitro. -An analysis by photokymography and microscopy. J Cell Sci 11 : 875-886, 1972.
PubMed
Bernhard R and Matus A : Light and electron microscopic studies of the distribution of microtubule-associated protein 2 in rat brain : a difference between dendritic and axonal cytoskeleton. J Comp Neurol 226 : 203-211, 1984.
 
Berthold C-H : Histochemistry of postnatally developing feline spinal roots. II. Occurrence of acid phosphatase activity as studied by light and electron microscopical methods. Neurobiology 3 : 291-316, 1973,
PubMed
Berthold C-H : Local "demyelination" in developing feline nerve fibers. Neurobiology 3 : 339-352, 1973.
 
Beuche W and Friede RL : The role of non-resident cells in Wallerian degeneration. J Neurocytol 13 : 767-796, 1984.
PubMed
Bevan S, Miledi R and Grampp W : Induced transmitter release from Schwann cells and its suppression by actinomycin D. Nature 241 : 85-86, 1973.
 
Bijlenga G and Heaney T : Post-exposure local treatment of mice infected with rabies with two axonal flow inhibitors, colchicine and vinblastine. J Gen Vital 39 : 381-385, 1978.
 
Bilozur ME and Hay ED : Neural crest migration in 3D extracellular matrix utilizes laminin, fibronectin and collagen. Dev Biol 125 : 19-33, 1987.
 
Birks RL : The fine structure of motor nerve endings at frog myoneural junctions. Ann NY Acad Sci 135 : 8-19, 1966.
 
Birks RL : The relationship of transmitter release and storage to fine structure in a sympathetic ganglion. J Neurocytol 3 : 137-160, 1974.
 
Birks RL, Mackey MC and Weldon PR : Organelle formation from pinocytotic elements in neurites of cultured sympathetic ganglia. J Neurocytol 1 : 311-340, 1972.
 
Birse SC and Bittner GD : Regeneration of giant axons in earthworms. Brain Res 113 : 575-581, 1976.
PubMed
Bisby MA : Inhibition of axonal transport in nerves chronically treated with local anesthetics. Exper Neurol 47 : 481-489, 1975.
 
Bisby MA : Functions of retrograde transport. Fed Proc 41 : 2307-2311, 1982.
PubMed
Bisby MA : Ligature techniques. In : Axonal Transport. Ed by DG Weiss. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 193-199, 1982.
 
Bisby MA and Chen 5 : Delayed Wallerian degeneration in sciatic nerves of C57BL/O1a mice is associated with impaired regeneration of sensory axons. Brain Res 530 : 117-120, 1990.
 
Bittner GD : Degeneration and regeneration in crustacean neuromuscular system. Airier Zool 13 : 379-408, 1973.
 
Bixby JL and Jhabvala P : Extracellular matrix molecules and cell adhesion molecules induce neurites through different mechanisms. J Cell Biol 111 : 2725-2732, 1990.
PubMed
Bixby JL, Lilien J and Reichardt LF : Identification of the major proteins that promote neuronal process outgrowth on Schwann cell in vitro. J Cell Biol 107 : 353-361, 1988.
PubMed
Bjorklund A : Neural transplantation-an experimental tool with clinical posibilities. Trends Neurosci 14 : 319-322, 1991.
 
Bjorklund A, Dunnett SB, Stenevi U, Lewis NE and Iversen SD : Reinnervation of the denervated striatum by substantia nigra transplants : Functional consequences as revealed by pharmacological and sensorimotor testing. Brain Res 199 : 307-333, 1980.
 
Bjorklund A, Owman Ch and West KA : Peripheral sympathetic innervation and serotonin cells in the habenular region of the rat brain. Z Zellforsch 127 : 570-579, 1972.
 
Bjorklund A and Stenevi U : Nerve growth factor Stimulation of regenerative growth of central noradrenergic neurons. Science 175 : 1251-1253, 1972.
PubMed
Bjorklund A and Stenevi U : Reconstruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway by intracerebral nigral transplant. Brain Res 177 : 555-560, 1979.
PubMed
Bjorklund A and Stenevi U : In vivo evidence for a hippocampal adrenergic neurotrophic factor specifically released on septa) deafferentation. Brain Res 229 : 403-428, 1981.
 
Bjorklund A, Stenevi U, Dunnett SB and Iversen SD : Functional reinnervation of the deafferented neostriatum by nigral transplants. Nature 289 : 497-499, 1981.
 
Bjorklund A, Stenevi U and Svendgaard N-A : Growth of transplanted monoaminergic neurons into the adult hippocampus along the perforant path. Nature 262 : 787-790, 1976.
 
Black MM and Lasek RJ : Axonal transport of actin : slow component b is the principal source of actin in the axon. Brain Res 171 : 401-413, 1979.
PubMed
Black MM and Lasek RJ : Slow components of axonal transport : two cytoskeletal networks. J Cell Biol 86 : 616-623, 1980.
PubMed
Blinzinger KH and Kreutzberg GW : Displacement of synaptic terminals from regenerating motoneurons by microglial cells. Z Zellforsch 85 : 145-147. 1968.
 
Bliss TVP and Dolphin AC : What is the mechanisms of long - term potentiation in the hippocampus? Trends Neurosci 289-290, 1982.
 
Bliss TVP and Gardner-Medwin AR : Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the unanesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path. J Physiol 232 : 357-374, 1973.
 
Bliss TVP and Ldmo T : Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path. J Physicl 232. 331-356, 1971
 
Bloom GS, Luca FC and Vallee RB : Microtubule-associated protein 1B : A novel major component of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 : 5404-5408, 1984.
 
Bloom GS, Schoenfeld TA and Vallee RB : Widespread distribution of the major polypeptide component of MAPI in the nervous system. J Cell Biol 98 : 320-330, 1984.
 
Bodian D : Nucleic acid in nerve-cell regeneration. Symp Soc Exper Biol 1 : 163-178, 1947.
 
Bodian D : The virus, the nerve cell and paralysis. A study of experimental poliomyelitis in the spinal cord. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 83 : 1-108, 1948.
PubMed
Bodian D : An electron microscopic study of the monkey spinal cord. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 114 : 13-119, 1964.
PubMed
Bodian D : Development of fine structure of spinal cord in monkey fetuses. I. The motoneuron neuropil at the time of onset of reflex activity. Bull Johns Ilopkins Hosp 119 : 129-149. 1966.
 
Bodian D and Howe HA : Experimental studies on intraneural spread of poliomyelitis virus. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 68 : 248-267. 1941.
 
Bodian D and Howe HA : The rate of progression of poliomyelitis virus in nerves. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 69 : 79-85, 1941.
 
Bodian D, Melby EC and Taylor N : Development of fine structure of spinal cord in monkey fetuses. II. Pre-reflex period to period of long intersegmental reflexes. J Comp Neurol 133 : 113-166, 1968.
 
Bodian D and Mellors RC : The regenerative cycle of motoneurons, with special reference to phosphatase activity. J Exper Med 81 : 469-488, 1945.
 
Bolin LM and Rouse RV : Localization of Thy-1 expression during postnatal development of the mouse cerebellar cortex. J Neurocytol 15 : 29-36, 1986.
PubMed
Bonder EM, Fishkind DJ and Mooseker MS : Direct measurement of critical concentrations and assembly rate constants at the two ends of an actin filament. Cell 34 : 491-501, 1983.
PubMed
Bosch EP, Zhong W and Lim R : Axonal signals regulate expression of glia maturation factor-beta in Schwann cells : An immunohistochemical study of injured sciatic nerves and cultured Schwann cells. J Neurosci 9 : 3690-3698, 1989.
 
Bottjer SW, Halsema KA, Brown SA and Miesner EA : Axonal connections of a forebrain nucleus involved with vocal learning in zebra finches. J Comp Neurol 279 : 312-326, 1989.
PubMed
Bowden REM and Gutmann E : Denervation and re-innervation of the human volundary muscle. Brain 67 : 273-313, 1944.
 
Bozler E : Untersuchungen uber des Nervensystems der Coelenteraten. I. Kontinuitat oder Kontakt zwischen den Nervenzellen? Z Zellforsch 5 : 244-262, 1927.
 
Bozyczko D and Horwitz AF : The participation of a putative surface receptor for laminin and fibronectin in peripheral neurite extension. J Neurosci 6 : 1241-1251, 1986.
PubMed
Brackenbury R, Thiery J-P, Rutishauser U and Edelman GM : Adhesion among neural cells of the chick embryo. I. An immunological assay for molecules involved in cell-cell binding. J Biel Chem 252 : 6835-6840, 1977.
 
Bradley WG and Asbury AK : Duration of synthesis phase in neurilemma cells in mouse sciatic nerve during degeneration. Exper Neurol 26 : 275-282, 1970.
 
Brady ST : A novel ATPase from brain with properties expected for the fast axonal transport motor. Nature 317 : 73-75, 1985.
PubMed
Brady ST, Crothers SD, Nosal C and McClure WO : Fast axonal transport in the presence of high Ca2+ : Evidence that microtubules are not required. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77 : 5909-5913, 1980.
 
Brady ST and Lasek RJ : Nerve specific enolase and creatine phosphokinase in axonal transport : Soluble proteins and axoplasmic matrix. Cell 23 : 515-523, 1981.
PubMed
Brady ST and Lasek RJ : The slow components of axonal transport : movements, composition and organization. In : Axoplasmic Transport. Ed by DG Weiss. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp207-217, 1982.
 
Brady ST, Tytell M, Heriot K and Lasek RJ Axonal transport of calmodulin : a physiologic approach to identification of long-term associations between proteins. J Cell Biol 89 : 607-614, 1981.
PubMed
Brady ST, Tytell M and Lasek RJ : Calmodulin is axonally transported in slow component b. Trans Amer Sue Neurochem 11 : 80, 1980.
 
Brady ST, Tytell M and Lasek RJ : Axonal tubulin and axonal microtubules : Biochemical evidence for cold stability. J Cell Biol 99 : 1716-1724, 1984.
PubMed
Brattgard S-O, Edstrom JE and Hyden H : The chemical changes in regenerating neurons. J Neurochem 1 : 316-325, 1957.
PubMed
Brattgard S-O, Edstrom JE and Hydzn H : The productive capacity of the neuron in retrograde reaction. Exper Cell Res, Suppl 5 : 185-200, 1958.
 
Bray D : Surface movements during the growth of single explanted neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 65 : 905-910, 1970.
PubMed
Bray D : Branching patterns of individual sympathetic neurons in culture. J Cell Biol 56 : 702-712, 1973.
PubMed
Bray D : Filopodial contraction and growth cone guidance. In : Cell Behaviour. Ed by R Bellairs, A Curtis and G Dunn. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp. 299-317, 1982.
 
Bray D and Bunge MB : The growth cone in neuritic extensions. In : Locomotion of Tissue Cells. Chiba Foundation Symp 14 : Elsevier Excerpta Med, Amsterdam, pp. 195-209, 1973.
 
Bray D and Chapman K : Analysis of microspike movements on the neuronal growth cone. J Neurosci 5 : 3204-3213, 1985.
 
Bray D, Heath J and Moss D : The membrane-associated "cortex" of animal cells. Its structure and mechanical properties. J Cell Sci, Suppl 4 : 71-86, 1986.
PubMed
Bray GM, David S, Carlstedt T and Aguayo AJ Effects of crush injury on the abnormalities in the spinal roots and peripheral nerves of dystrophic mice. Muscle Nerve 6 : 497-503, 1983.
PubMed
Bray GM, Rasminsky M and Aguayo AJ : Interactions between axons and their sheath cells. Ann Rev Neurosci 4 : 127-162, 1981.
PubMed
Breuer AC, Christian CM, Henkart M and Nelson PG : Computer analysis of organelle translocation in primary neuronal cultures and continuous cell lines. J Cell Biol 65 : 562-576, 1975.
 
Brightman PC and Dailey ME : The organization of myosin and actin in rapid frozen nerve growth cones. J Cell Biol 108 : 95-109, 1989.
 
Brightman PC, Kachar B and Reese TS : The structure of cytoplasm in directly frozen cultured cells. II. Cytoplasmic domains associated with organelle movements. J Cell Biol 102 : 1510-1521, 1986.
 
Brightman PC and Reese TS : The structure of cytoplasm in directly frozen cultured cells. I. Filamentous meshworks and the cytoplasmic ground substance. J Cell Biol 99 : 1655-1668, 1984.
 
Brockes JP, Fields KL and Raff MC : A surface antigenic marker on rat Schwann cells. Nature 266 : 364 366, 1977.
 
Brockes JP, Fields KL and Raff MC : Studies on cultured rat Schwann cells. I. Establishment of purified populations from cultures of peripheral nerve. Brain Res 165 : 105-118, 1979.
PubMed
Brockes JP, Lemke GE and Balzer DR jr : Purification and preliminary characterization of a glial growth factor from bovine pituitary. J Biol Chem 255 : 8374-8377, 1980.
PubMed
Brockes JP, Raff MC. Nishiguchi J and Winter J : Studies on cultured rat Schwann cells. II. Assays for peripheral myelin proteins. J Neurocytol 9 : 67-77, 1980.
 
Brodal A : Neurological Anatomy. Oxford University Press, London, 1969.
 
Brown JO and McCouch GP : Abortive regeneration of the transected spinal cord. J Comp Neural 87 : 131-138, 1947.
 
Brown MC, Holl and RL and Ironton R : Nodal and terminal sprouting from motor nerves in fast and slow muscles of the mouse. J Physiol 306 : 493-510, 1980.
 
Brown MC and Ironton R : Motor neuron sprouting induced by prolonged tetrodotoxin block of nerve action potentials. Nature 265 : 459-461, 1977.
PubMed
Brown MC, Perry VH, Lunn ER, Gordon S, Peumann R : Macrophage dependence of peripheral sensory nerve regeneration : possible involvement of nerve growth factor. Neuron 6 : 359-370, 1991.
 
Brown TH, Kairiss EW and Keenan CL : Hebbian synapses : Biophysical mechanisms and algorithms. Ann Rev Neurosci 13 : 475-511, 1990.
PubMed
Brunden KR and Poduslo JF : Lysosomal delivery of the major myelin glycoprotein in the absence of myelin assembly : Post-translational regulation of the level of expression by Schwann cells. J Cell Biol 104 : 661-669, 1987.
 
Brunelli M, Castellucci V and Kandel ER : Synaptic facilitation and behavioural sensitization in Aplcsia : possible role of serotonin and cyclic AMP. Science 194 : 1178-1181, 1976.
PubMed
Brushart TM and Mesulam M-M : Transganglionic demonstration of central sensory projections from skin and muscle with HRP-lectin conjugates. Neurosci Lett 17 : 1-6, 1980.
PubMed
Buck CA and Horwitz AF : Cell surface receptors for extracellular matrix molecules. Ann Rev Cell Biol 3 : 179-205, 1987.
PubMed
Bueker ED : Implantation of tumors in the hind limb field of the embryonic chick, and the developmental response of the lumbosacral nervous system. Anat Rec 102 : 369-389, 1948.
PubMed
Buettner-Ennever JA, Grob P and Akert K : A transsynaptic autoradiographic study of the pathways controlling the extraocular eye muscles using (1251) B-IIb tetanus toxin fragment. In : Vestibular and Oculomotor Physiology. Ed by B Cohen. NY Academy of Science, New York, pp 157-170, 1981.
 
Bullock TH and Horridge GA : Structure and Function in the Nervous Systems of Invertebrates. Freeman, San Francisco, 1965.
 
Bunge MB : Fine structure of nerve fiber and growth cones of isolated sympathetic neurons in culture. J Cell Biol 56 : 713-735, 1973.
PubMed
Bunge MB, Bunge RP, Carey DJ, Cornbrooks CJ, Eldridge CF, Williams AK and Wood PM : Atonal and nonaxonal influences on Schwann cell development. In : Developing and Regenerating Vertebrate Nervous Systems. Ed by PW Coates, RR Mark wald and AD Kenny. Alan R Liss. Inc, New York, pp 71-105, 1983.
 
Bunge MB, Bunge RP, Kleitman N and Dean AC : Role of peripheral nerve extracellular matrix in Schwann cell function and in neurite regeneration. Dev Neurosci 11 : 348-360, 1989.
PubMed
Bunge MB, Williams AK, Wood PM, Uitto J and Jofrey JJ : Comparison of nerve cell and nerve cell plus Schwann cell cultures, with particular emphasis on basal lamina and collagen formation. J Cell Biol 84 : 184-202, 1980.
 
Bunge RP and Bunge MB : Tissue culture observations relating to peripheral nerve development, regeneration, and disease. In : Peripheral Neuropathy. Ed by PJ Dyck, PK Thomas, EH Lanibert and RP Bunge. WB Saunders Co, Vol 1, pp 378-399, 1984.
 
Bunge RP, Bunge MB and Bates M : Movements of the Schwann cell nucleus implicate pragress of the inner (axon-related) Schwann cell process during migration. J Cell Biol 109 : 273-284, 1989.
 
Bunge RP, Bunge MB and Eldridge CF : Linkage between axonal ensheathment and basal lamina production by Schwann cells. Ann Rev Neurosci 9 : 305-328, 1986.
PubMed
Bunge RP, Bunge MB, Williams AK and Wartels LK : Does the dystrophic mouse nerve lesion result from an extracellular matrix abnormality? In : Disorders of the Motor Unit. Ed by DL Schotland. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 23-34, 1982.
 
Bungner Ov : Uber die Degenerations- and Regenerationsvorgknge ant Nerven nach Verletzungen. Beitr Pathol Anat 10 : 321-387, 1891.
 
Burd GD and Nottebohm F : Ultrastructural characterization of synaptic terminals formed on newly generated neurons in a song controlnucleus of the adult canary forebrain. J Comp Neurol 240 : 143-152, 1985.
 
Burdwood WO : Rapid bidirectional particle movement in neurons. J Cell Biol 27 : 115A, 1965.
 
Burgin KE, Waxham MN, Rickling S, Westgate SA. Mobley WC and Kelly PT : In situ hybridization histochemistry of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in developing rat brain. J Neurosci 10 : 1788-1798, 1990.
 
Burgoyne RD : Calpactin in exocytosis? Nature 331 : 20, 1988.
PubMed
Burgoyne RD : Cytoskeleton is a major neuronal organelle. In : The Neuronal Cytoskeleton. Ed by RD Burgoyne. Wiley-Liss, Inc. New York, pp 1-3, 1991.
 
Burgoyne RD and Cumming R : Ontogeny of mi-crotubule-associated protein 2 in rat cerebellum : Differential experession of the doublet polypeptides. Neuroscience 11 : 156-167, 1984.
 
Burgoyne RD, Gray EG, Sullivan K and Barron J Depolymerization of dendritic microtubules following incubation of cortical slices. Neurosci Lett 31 : 81-85, 1982.
PubMed
Burmeister DW, Chen M, Bailey CH and Goldberg DJ : The distribution and movement of organelles in maturing growth cones : Correlated video-enhanced and electron microscopic studies. J Neurocytol 17 : 783-795, 1988.
PubMed
Burmeister DW and Goldberg DJ : Micropruning : the mechanism of turning of Aplysia growth cones at substrate borders in vitro. J Neurosci 8 : 3151-3159, 1988.
PubMed
Burridge K, Fath K, Kelly T, Nuckolls G and Turner C : Focal adhesions : Transmembrane junctions between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. Ann Rev Cell Biol 4 : 487-525, 1988.
PubMed
Burrows MT : The growth of tissues of the chick embryo outside the animal body, with special reference to the nervous system. J Exper Zool 10 : 63-84, 1911.
 
Burton RR and Paige JL : Polarity of axoplasmic microtubules in the olfactory nerve of the frog. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78 : 3269-3273, 1981.
 
Butz EG and Cowan JD : Transient potentials in dendritic system of arbitrary geometry. Biophys J 14 : 661-689, 1974.
PubMed
Byers MR : Chromatolysis in a pair of identifiable metathoracic neurons in the cockroach, Diploptera punctata. Tissue Cell 2 : 225-279, 1970.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : A quelle epoque apparaissent les expansions des cellules nerveuses de la moelle epiniere du poulet? Anat Anz 5 : 21-22, 609-613, 631-639, 1890.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sur l'origine et les ramifications des fibres nerveuses de la moelle embryonnaire. Anat Anz 5 : 85-95, 111-119, 1890.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Signification fisiologica de las expansiones protoplasmaticas y nerviosas de lascelulas de In sustancia grin. Congreso medico de Valencia. Rev Ciencias Med Barcelona Nums 22/23 : 1-15, 1891.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Mecanismo de la regeneration de los nervous. Trab Lab Invest Biol Univ Madrid 4 : 119-210, 1906.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Algunas observaciones favorables a la hipotesis neurotropica. Trab Lab Invest Biol Univ Madrid 8 : 63-136, 1910.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Estudios sobra la Degeneracibn y Regeneracion del Sistema Nervioso, Vol 1. Degeneracibn y Regeneracion de los Nerviosos. Moya, Madrid 1913.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Estudios sobre Is Degeneracibn y Regeneracion del Sistema Nervioso, Vol 2. Degeneracibn y Regeneracion de los Centros Nerviosos. Moya, Madrid 1914.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System. Translated by RM May, 2 Vols. Oxford University Press, London 1928.
 
Calvert R and Anderton BIT : A microtubule associated protein (MAPI) which is expressed at elevated levels during development of the rat cerebellum. EMBO J 4 : 1171-1176, 1985.
 
Campbell JB, Bassett CAL, Husby J and Noback CR : Regeneration of adult mammalian spinal cord. Science 126 : 929, 1957.
 
Campbell JB, Bassett CAL, Husby J and Noback CR : Axonal regeneration in the transected adult feline spinal cord. Surg Forum Clin Congr Amer Coll Surgeons 8 : 528-532, 1958.
 
Cancalon P : Regeneration of three population of olfactory axons as a function of temperature. Brain Res 285 : 265-278, 1983.
PubMed
Cancalon P : Influence of temperature on slow flow in population of regenerating axons with different elongation velocities. Brain Res 285 : 279-289, 1983.
PubMed
Carden MJ, Schlaepfer WW and Lee VM-Y : The structure, biochemical properties and immunogenicity of neurofilament peripheral regions are determined by phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 260 : 9805-9817, 1985.
 
Carden MJ, Trojanowski JQ, Schlaepfer WW and Lee VM-Y : Two-stage expression of neurofilament polypeptides during rat neurogenesis with early establishment of adult phosphorylation patterns. J Neurosci 7 : 3489-3504, 1987.
 
Carew TJ and Sahley CL : Invertebrate learning and memory : from behavior to molecules. Ann Rev Neurosci 9 : 435-487, 1986.
PubMed
Carew TJ, Walters ET and Kandel ER : Classical conditioning in a simple withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica. J Neurosci 1 : 1426-1437, 1981.
 
Carey DJ and Bunge RP : Factors influencing the release of proteins in cultured Schwann cells. J Cell Biol 91 : 666-672, 1981.
PubMed
Carey DJ, Eldridge CF, Cornbrooks CJ, Timple R and Bunge RP : Biosynthesis of type IV collagen by cultured rat Schwann cells. J Cell Biol 97 : 473-479, 1983.
 
Carey DJ and Evans DM : Membrane anchoring of heparan sulfate proteoglycans by phosphatidylinositol and kinetics of synthesis of peripheral and detergent solubilized proteoglycans in Schwann cells. J Cell Biol 108 : 1891-1897, 1989.
 
Carey DJ and Stahl RC : Identification of a lipid-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan in Schwann cell. J Cell Biol 111 : 5053-5062, 1990.
 
Carlin RK, Bartelt DC and Siekevitz P : Identification of fodrin as a major calmodulin-binding protein in postsynaptic density preparestion. J Cell Biol 96 : 443-448, 1983.
 
Carlisle DB : Neurosecretory transport in the pituitary stalk of Lophius piscatorius. In : Zweites Intern Symp fiber Neurosekretion. Herausg von W Bargmann, B Hanstrom, B and E Scharrer. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, S 18-19, 1958.
 
Carmel PW and Stein BM : Cell changes in sensory ganglia following proximal and distal nerve section in the monkey. J Comp Neurol 135 : 145-166, 1969.
PubMed
Cassel D, Wood PM, Bunge RP and Glaser L : Mitogenicity of brain axolemma membranes and soluble factors for dorsal root ganglion Schwann cells. J Cell Biochem 18 : 433-445, 1982.
PubMed
Cassimeris LU, Walker RA, Pryer NK and Salmon ED : Dynamic instability of microtubules. Bio Essays 7 : 149-154, 1987.
 
Castellucci V and Kandel ER : Pre-synaptic facilitation as a mechanism for behavioral sensitizetion in AJD'sia. Science 194 : 1176-1178, 1976.
 
Causey G : The Cell of Schwann. E & S Livingstone, Ltd. Edinburgh. 1960.
 
Cerf JA and Chacko LW : Retrograde reaction in motoneuron dendrites following ventral root section in the frog. J Comp Neurol 109 : 205-216, 1958.
PubMed
Chalkey HW : Quantitative relation between the number of organized centers and tissue volume in regenerating masses of minced body sections of Hydra. J Natl Cancer Just 6 : 191-195, 1945.
 
Chang C : Effect of colchicine and cytochalasin B on axonal particls movement and outgrowth in vitro. J Cell Biol 55 : 37, 1972.
 
Chen S and Hillman DE : Plasticity of the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses by spine takeover and new synapse formation in adult rat. Brain Res 240 : 205-220, 1982.
PubMed
Cheng TPO and Reese TS : Polarized compartmentalization of organelles in growth cones from developing optic tectum. J Cell Biol 101 : 1473-1480, 1985.
 
Cheng TPO and Reese TS : Recycling of plasmalemma in chick tectal growth cones. J Neurosci 7 : 1752-1759, 1987.
 
Cheng TPO and Reese TS : Compartmentalization of anterogradely and retrogradely transported organelles in axons and growth cones from chick optic tectum. J Neurosci 8 : 3190-3199, 1988.
 
Chiquet M : Neurite growth inhibition by CNS myelin proteins : A mechanism to confine fiber tracts? Trends Neurosci 12 : 1-3, 1989.
PubMed
Chuong HH : Induktionsleistungen von frischen und gekochten Organteilen (Niere, Leber) oath ihrer Verpflanzung in Explante and verschiedene Wirtsregionen von Tritonkiemen. W. Roux Arch Entwickl-mech Org 139 : 556-638, 1939.
 
Chun JJM, Nakamura MJ and Shatz CJ : Transient fibronectin-like immunoreactivity in the sulfate during development of the cat's telencephalon. Soc Neurosci Abstr 12 : 502, 1986.
 
Chuong C-M and Edelman GM : Expression of cell -adhesion molecules in embryonic induction. I. Morphogenesis of nestling feathers. J Cell Biol 101 : 1009-1026, 1985.
 
Chuong C-M and Edelman GM : Expression of cell -adhesion molecules in embryonic induction. II. Morphogenesis of adult feathers. J Cell Biol 101 : 1027-1043, 1985.
 
Chuong C-M, McClain DA, Streit P and Edelman GM : Neural cell adhesion molecules in rodent brain isolated by monoclonal antibodies with cross-species reactivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 : 4234-4238, 1982.
PubMed
Church RL, Tanzer ML and Pfeiffer SE : Collagen and procollagen production by a clonal line of Schwann cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70 : 1943-1946, 1973.
PubMed
Clark MB and Bunge MB : Cultured Schwann cells assemble normal-appearing basal lamina only when they ensheath axons. Dev Biol 133 : 393-404, 1989.
PubMed
Clarke E : The doctrine of the hollow nerve in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In : Medicine, Science and Culture. Ed by CS Stevenson and Molthauf. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, pp 123-141, 1968.
 
Clemente CD : Regeneratin in the vertebrate central nervous system. Int Rev Biol 6 : 257-301, 1964.
 
Cleveland DW, Hwo S-Y and Kirschner MW : Purification of tau, a microtubule-associated protein that induces assembly of microtubules from purified tubulin. J Mol Biol 116 : 207-225, 1977.
 
Cleveland DW, Hwo S-Y and Kirschner MW : Physical and chemical properties of purified tau factor and the role of tau in microtubule assembly. J Mol Biol 116 : 227-247, 1977.
PubMed
Cochard P and Paulin D : Initial expression of neurofilaments and vimentin in the central and peripheral nervous system of the mouse embryo in vivo. J Neurosci 4 : 2080-2094, 1984.
PubMed
Coggeshall RE : A light and electron microscopic study of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia calijornica. J Neurophysiol 30 : 1263-1287, 1967.
PubMed
Cohan CS. Connor JA and Kater SB : Electrically and chemically mediated increases in intracellular calcium in neuronal growth cones. J Neurosci 7 : 3588-3599, 1987.
 
Cohan CS and Kater SB : Suppression of neurite elongation and growth cone dynamics by electrical activity. Science 232 : 1638-1640, 1986.
 
Cohen J, Burne JF, McKinley C and Winter J : The role of laminin and the laminin/fibronectin receptor complex in the outgrowth of retinal ganglion cell axon. Dev Biol 122 : 407-418, 1987.
 
Cohen J, Burne JF, Winter J and Bartlett P : Retinal ganglion cells lose response to laminin with maturation. Nature 322 : 465-467, 1986.
PubMed
Cohen MJ : Correlation between structure, function and RNA metabolism in central neurons of insects. In : Invertebrate Nervous System. Ed by CAG Wiersma. University Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 65-78, 1967.
 
Cohen MJ and Jacklet JW : Neurons of insects : RNA changes during injury and regeneration. Science 148 : 1237-1239, 1965.
PubMed
Cohen MJ and Jacklet JW : The functional organization of motor neurons in an insect ganglion. Phil Trans Roy Soc (London) Ser B 781 : 561-572, 1967.
 
Cohen S : Purification of a nerve-growth factor promoting protein from the mouse salivary gland and its neuro-cytotoxic antiserum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 46 : 302-311, 1960.
 
Cole M : Retrograde degeneration of axon and soma in the central nervous system. In : The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue. Ed by GH Bourne. Academic Press, New York, pp 269-300, 1968.
 
Concalon P and Beidler LM : Distribution along the axon and into various subcellular fractions of molecules labeled with〔3H〕-leucine and rapidly transported in the garfish olfactory nerve. Brain Res 89 : 225-244, 1975.
 
Connolly JL, Seeley PJ and Greene LA : Regulation of growth cone morphology by nerve growth factor : A comparative study by scanning electron microscopy. J Neurosci Res 13 : 183-198, 1985.
PubMed
Cooper JA : Effects of cytochalasin and phalloidin on actin. J Cell Biel 105 : 1473-1478, 1987.
 
Cooper PD and Smith RS : The movement of optically detectable organelles in myelinated axons of Xenopus loevis. J Physiol 242 : 77-97, 1974.
 
Cornbrooks CJ, Mithen F, Cochran JM and Burge RP : Factors affecting Schwann cell basal lamina formation in cultures of dorsal root ganglia from mice with muscular dystrophy. Dev Brain Res 6 : 57-67, 1983.
 
Cornwall J and Phillipson OT : Quantitative analysis of axonal branching using the retrograde transport of fluorescent latex microspheres. J Neurosci Meth 24 : 1-9, 1988.
 
Cotman CW and Lynch GS : Reactive synaptogenesis in the adult nervous system : The effects of partial deafferentation on new synapse formation. In : Neuronal Recognition. Ed by SH Barondes. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 69-108, 1976.
 
Cotman CW and McGaush : Behavioral Neuroscience. Academic Press, New York, 1980.
 
Cotman CW and Nadler JV : Reactive synaptogenesis in the hippocampus. In : Neuronal Plasficity. Ed by CW Cotman. Raven Press. New York, pp 227-271, 1978.
 
Couchie D, Fages C, Bridoux AM, Rolland B, Tardy M and Nunez J. Microtubule-associated proteins and in vitro astrocyte differentiation. J Cell Biol 101 : 2095-2103, 1985.
PubMed
Couraud JY and Di Giamberardino L : Axonal transport of the molecular form of acetylcholinesterase in chick sciatic nerve. J Neurochem 35 : 1053-1066, 1980.
 
Cowan WM : Anterograde and retrograde transneuronal degeneration in the central and peripheral nervous system. In : Contemporary Research Methods in Neuroanatomy. Ed by WJH Nauta and SOE Ebbesson. Springer-Verlag, New York, Heidelberg, Berlin. pp 217-251, 1970.
 
Cragg BG : What is the signal for chromatolysis? Brain Res 23 : 1-21, 1970.
PubMed
Crick F : Do dendritic spines twitch? Trends Neurosci 5 : 44-46, 1982.
 
Crossland WJ, Cowan WM, Rogers LA and Kelly JP : The specification of the retino-tectal projection in the chick. J Comp Neurol 155 : 127-164, 1974.
 
Crossland WJ. Currie JR, Rogers LA and Cowan WM : Evidence for a rapid phase of axoplasmic transport at early stages in the development of the visual system of the chick and frog. Brain Res 78 : 483-489, 1974.
PubMed
Cuenod M and Schonbach J : Synaptic proteins and axonal flow in the pigeon visual pathway. J Neurochem 18 : 809-816, 1971.
PubMed
Cull RE : Role of nerve-muscle contact in maintaining synaptic connection. Exper Brain Res 20 : 307-310, 1974.
 
Cullen MJ : Freeze-fracture analysis of myelin membrane changes in Wallerian degeneration. J Neurocytol 17 : 105 115, 1988.
 
Czosnek H, Soifer D and Wisniewski HM : Studies on the biosynthesis of neurofilament proteins. J Cell Biol 85 : 726-734, 1980.
PubMed
Dahlstrom A : Observation on the accumulation of noradrenaline in the proximal and distal parts of peripheral adrenergic nerves after compression. J Anat 99 : 677-689, 1965.
PubMed
Dahlstrom A : The transport of noradrenaline between two simultaneously performed ligations of the sciatic nerves of rat and cat. Acta Physiol Scand 69 : 158-166, 1967.
PubMed
Dahlstrom A : Effect of colchicine on transport of amine storage granules in sympathetic nerves of rat. Eur J Pharmacol 5 : 111-113, 1968.
PubMed
Dahlstrom A : Effects of vinblastine and colchitine on monoamine containing neurons of the rat with special regard to the axoplasmic transport of amine granules. Acta Neuropathol (Suppl) 5 : 226-235, 1971.
 
Dahlstrom A and Haggendal J : Studies on the transport and life-span of amine storage granules in a peripheral adrenergic neuron system. Acta Physiol Scand 67 : 278-288, 1966.
 
Dahlstrom A and Haggendal J : Studies on the transport and life-span of amine storage granules in a peripheral adrenergic neuron system of the rabbit sciatic nerve. Acta Physiol Scand 69 : 153-157, 1967.
 
Damjanov I, Damjanov A and Damsky CH : Developmentally regulated expression of cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein cell-CAM 120/80 in pert-implantation mouse embryos and extraembryonic membranes. Dev Biol 116 : 194-202, 1986.
 
Damsky CH, Richa J, Seller D, Knudsen K and Buck CA : Identification and purification of cell surface glycoprotein mediating intercellular adhesion in embryonic and adult tissue. Cell 34 : 455-466, 1983.
 
Daniels MP : Colchicine inhibition of nerve fiber formation in vitro. J Cell Biol 53 : 164-176, 1972.
PubMed
Daniels MP : Fine structural changes in neurons and nerve fibers associated with colchicine inhibition of nerve fiber formation in vitro. J Cell Biol 58 : 463-470, 1973.
PubMed
Daniels MP : The role of microtubules in the growth and stabilization of nerve fibers. Ann NY Acad Sci 253 : 535-544, 1975.
 
Daniels MP : II. Its specific association with synaptic vesicles demonstrated by immunocytochemistry in agarose-embedded synaptosomes. J Cell Biol 96 : 1355-1373, 1983.
 
Daniloff JK, Levi E, Grumet M, Rieger R and Edelman GM : Altered expression of neuronal cell adhesion molecules induced by nerve injury and repair. J Cell Biol 103 : 929-945, 1986.
 
Dash PK, Hochner B and Kandel ER : Injection of the cAMP-responsive element into the nucleus of Aplysia sensory neurons blocks long-term facilitation. Nature 345 : 718-721, 1990.
PubMed
Daston MM and Ratner N : Expression of p-30, a protein with adhesive properties, in Schwann cells and neurons of the developing and regenerating peripheral nerve. J Cell Biol 112 : 1229-1239, 1991.
 
David S and Aguayo AJ : Axonal elongation into peripheral nervous system "bridges" after central nervous system injury in adult rats. Science 214 : 931-933, 1981.
PubMed
David S and Aguayo AJ : Axonal regeneration after crush injury of rat central nervous system fibers innervating peripheral nerve grafts. J Neurocytol 14 : 1-12, 1985.
PubMed
Davis L, Burger B, Banker GA and Steward O : Dendritic transport : Quantitative analysis of the time course of somatodendritic transport of recently synthesized RNA. J Neurosci 10 : 3056-3068, 1990.
PubMed
DeCamilli P, Millev PE, Navone F, Theurkauf WE and Vallee RB : Distribution of microtubule-associated protein 2 in the nervous system of the rat studied by immunofluorescence. Neuroscience 11 : 817-846, 1984.
 
DeFelipe J and Jones EG : Cajal's Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System. Translated by Raoul M. May. Edited, with an Introduction and Additional Translations, by J DeFelipe and EG Jones. Oxford University Press. New York-Oxford, 1991.
 
Del Cerro MP : Uptake of tracer proteins in the developing cerebellum, particulary by the growth cones and blood vessels. J Comp Neurol 157 : 245-280, 1974.
 
Del Cerro MP and Snider RS : Studies on the developing cerebellum. Ultrastructure of the growth cones. J Comp Neurol 133 : 341-362, 1968.
 
Deloulme J-C, Janet T, Au D, Storm DR, SensenbrennerM and Baudier J : Neuromodulin (GAP-43) : A neuronal protein kinase C substrate is also present in O-2A glial cell linkage, Characterization of neuromodulin in secondary cultures of oligodendrocytes and comparison with the neuronal antigen. J Cell Biol 111 : 1559-1569, 1990.
 
DeMorgan W and Drew H : A study of the restitution masses formed by the dissociated cells of the hybrids Antennularia ramosa and A. antennine. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 10 : 440-463, 1914.
 
Dermiefzel R, Thurauf N and Schilnke D : Cytochemical demonstration of negative surface charges in central myelin. Brain Res 262 : 225-232, 1983.
 
DeVries GH, Salzer JL and Bunge RP : Axolemma-enriched fractions isolated from PNS and CNS are mitogenic for cultured Schwann cells. Brain Res 255 : 295-299, 1982.
PubMed
DiGiamberardino L : Axonal migration of protein and glycoprotein to nerve endings. I. Radio-autographic analysis of the renewal of protein in nerve endings of chicken ciliary ganglion after intracerebral injection of〔3H〕lysine. Brain Res 60 : 93-127, 1973.
 
DiGiamberardino L, Bennett G, Koenig HL and Droz B : Axonal migration of protein and glycoprotein to nerve endings. III. Cell fraction analysis of chicken ciliary ganglion after intracerebral injection of labelled precursors of proteins and glycoproteins. Brain Res 60 : 147-159, 1973.
 
Dodd J and Jessell TM : Axon guidance and the patterning of neuronal projections in vertebrates. Science 242 : 692-699, 1988.
PubMed
Dolphin AC, Errington ML and Bliss RVP : Long-term potentiation of the perforant path in vivo is associated with increased glutamate release. Nature 297 : 496-498, 1982.
 
Donat DJ and Wisniewski HM : The spatiotemporal pattern of Wallerian degeneration in mammalian peripheral nerves. Brain Res 53 : 41-53, 1973.
 
Drenckhahn D and Kaiser HW : Evidence for the concentration of F-actin and myosin in synapses and in the plasmalemmal zone of axons. Eur J Cell Biol 31 : 235-240, 1983.
PubMed
Droz B : Renewal of synaptic protein. Brain Res 62 : 383-394, 1973.
PubMed
Droz B and Leblond CP : Migration of proteins along the axons of sciatic nerve. Science 137 : 1047-1048, 1962.
PubMed
Droz B, Rambourg A and Koenig HL : The smooth endoplasmic reticulum : Structure and role in the renewal of axonal membrane and synaptic vesicles by fast axonal transport. Brain Res 93 : 1-13, 1975.
PubMed
Duband J-L, and Thiery JP : Distribution of laminin and collagen during avian neural crest development. Development 101 : 461-478, 1987.
PubMed
Dubois-Dalcq M, Rentier B, Baron-Van Evercorn A and Burge BW : Structure and behavior of rat primary and secondary Schwann cells in vitro. Exper Cell Res 131 : 283-297, 1981.
 
Duce IR and Keen P : A light and electron microscope study of changes occurring at the cut ends following section of the dorsal roots of rat spinal nerves. Cell Tissue Res 170 : 491-505, 1976.
PubMed
Dufour S, Duband J-L, Kornblitt AR and Thiery JP : The role of fibronectin in embryonic cell migrations. Trends Genet 4 : 198-204, 1988.
 
Dulac C, Cameron-Curry P, Ziller C and Le Dourain NM : A surface protein expressed by avian myelinating and nonmyelinating Schwann cells but not by satellite or enteric glial cells. Neuron 1 : 211-220, 1988.
PubMed
Dunlop DS : Protein turnover in brain : Synthesis and degradation. In : Handbook in Neurochemistry. Ed by A Lajtha. Plenum, New York, pp 25-63, 1983.
 
Dunwiddie T and Lynch G : Long term potentiation and depression of synaptic responses in the rat hippocampus : localisation and frequency dependency. J Physiol 276 : 353-367, 1978.
PubMed
Durst DS and Creutz CE : Aggregation of chromaffin granules by calpactin at micromolar levels of calcium. Nature 331 : 88-91, 1988.
 
Dustin AP : Le role des tropismes et de lodogenes dans la regeneration du systeme nerveus. Arch Biol Liege 25 : 269-388, 1910.
 
Eckholm R and Hyden H : Polysomes from microdissected fresh neurons. Ultrastruct Res 13 : 269-280, 1965.
 
Edds MV jr : Collateral nerve regeneration. Quar Rev Biol 28 : 260-276. 1953.
 
Edelman GM : Surface modulation in cell recognition and cell growth. Science 192 : 218-226, 1976.
PubMed
Edelman GM : Cell adhesion molecules. Science 219 : 450-457, 1983.
PubMed
Edelman GM : Cell adhesion and morphogenesis : The regulator hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 : 1460-1464, 1984.
PubMed
Edelman GM : Cell surface modulation and marker multiplicity in neural patterning. Trends Neurosci 7 : 78-84, 1984.
 
Edelman GM : Modulation of cell adhesion during induction, histogenesis and perinatal development of the nervous system. Ann Rev Neurosci 7 : 339-3543, 1984.
PubMed
Edelman GM : Expression of cell adhesion molecules during embryogenesis and regeneration. Exper Cell Res 161 : 1-16, 1985.
 
Edelman GM : Cell adhesion and the molecular processes of morphogenesis. Ann Rev Biochem 54 : 135-169, 1985.
PubMed
Edelman GM : Cell adhesion molecules in the regulation of animal form and tissue pattern. Ann Rev Cell Biol 2 : 81-116, 1986.
PubMed
Edelman GM : Morphoregulatory molecules. Biochemistry 27 : 3533-3543, 1988.
PubMed
Edelman GM and Chuong C-M : Embryonic to adult conversion of neural cell adhesion molecules in normal and staggerer mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 : 7036-7040, 1982.
PubMed
Edelman GM, Gallin WJ, Delouvee A, Cunningham BA and Thiery J-P : Early epochal maps of two different cell adhesion molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80 : 4384-4388, 1982.
 
Edelman GM, Murray BA, Mege R-M, Cunningham and Gallin WJ : Cellular expression of liver and neural cell adhesion molecules after transfection with their cDNA's results in specific cell binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 8502-8506, 1987.
PubMed
Edgar D, Timple R and Thoenen H : The heparinbinding domain of laminin is responsible for its effects on neurite outgrowth and neural survival. EMBO J 3 : 1463-1468, 1984.
 
Edwards JS and Palka J : Neural specificity as a game of cricket : Some rules for sensory regeneration in Acheta domestics. In : Developmental Neurobiology of Arthropods. Ed by D Young. Cambridge University Press, London, pp 131-146, 1973.
 
Egan DA, Flumerfelt BA and Gywn DG : A light and electron microscopic study of axon reaction in the red nucleus of the rat following cervical and thoracic lesions. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 3 : 423-439, 1977.
 
Egan DA, Flumerfelt BA and Gywn DG : Axon reaction in the red nucleus of the rat. Perikaryal volume changes and the time course of chromatolysis following cervical and thoracic lesions. Acta Neuropathol 37 : 13-19, 1977.
 
Elam JS and Agranoff BW : Transport of proteins and sulfated mucopolysaccharides in the goldfish visual system. J Neurobiol 2 : 379-390, 1971.
PubMed
Elliott TR : On the action of adrenalin. J Physiol 31, Proc Physiol See XX-XXi, 1904.
 
Ellis L, Wallis I, Abreu E and Pfenninger KH : Nerve growth cones isolated from fetal rat brain. IV. Preparation of a membrane subfraction and identification of a membrane glycoprotein expressed on sprouting neurons. J Cell Biol 101 : 1977-1989, 1985.
PubMed
Ellisman MH and Porter KR : Microtrabecular structure of the axoplasmic matrix : visualization of cross-linking structures and their distribution. J Cell Biol 87 : 464-479, 1980.
PubMed
Elzinga M, Collins JH, Kuehl WM and Adelstein RS : Complete amino-acid sequence of actin of rabbit skeletal muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70 : 2687-2691, 1973.
PubMed
Engel AK and Kreutzberg GW : Neuronal surface changes in the dorsal vagal motor nucleus of the guinea pig in response to axotomy. J Comp Neurol 275 : 181-200, 1988.
PubMed
English KB : The ultrastructure of cutaneous type I mechanoreceptors in cat following denervation. J Comp Neurol 172 : 137-164, 1977.
 
English KB, Norman DK-V and Horch K : Effects of chronic denervation in type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors. Anat Rec 207 : 69-77, 1983.
 
Erikson E and Erikson RL : Identification of a cellular protein substrate phosphorylated by avian sarcoma virus transforming gene produce. Cell 21 : 829-836, 1980.
 
Erlanger J and Schoepfle GM : A study of nerve degeneration and regeneration. Amer J Physiol 147 : 550-581, 1946.
PubMed
Euteneuer U and McIntosh JR : Polarity of midbody and phragmoplast microtubules. J Cell Biol 87 : 509-515, 1980.
PubMed
Fadic R, Vergara J and Alvarez J : Microtubules and calibers of central and peripheral processes of sensory axons. J Comp Neurol 236 : 258-264, 1986.
 
Faissner A : Cell-cell adhesion in the nervous system-Structural groups emerge. Bio Essays 10 : 79-81, 1989.
 
Faissner A, Kruse J, Goridis C, Bock E and Schachner M : The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 is distinet from the N-CAM related group of surface antigens BSP-2 and D2. EMBO J 3 : 733-737, 1984.
 
Faissner A, Kruse J, Nieke J and Schachner M : Expression of neural cell adhesion molecule L1 during development, in neurological mutants and in the peripheral nervous system. Dev Brain Res 15 : 69-82, 1984.
 
Faissner A, Teplow DB, Kubler D, Keilhauer G, Kinzel V and Schachner M : Biosynthesis and membrane topography of the neural cell adhesion molecule Ll. EMBO J 4 : 3105-3113, 1985.
 
Farmer L, Sommer J and Monard D : Glia derivede nexin potentiates neurite extension in hippocampal pyramidal cells in vitro. Dev Neurosci 12 : 73-80, 1990.
PubMed
Farrell KW, Jordan MA, Miller HP and Wilson L : Phase dynamics at microtubule ends the coexistence of microtubule length changes and treadmilling. J Cell Biol 104 : 1035-1046, 1987.
 
Fath K and Lasek RJ : Two classes of actin filaments are associated with the inner cytoskeletons of axons. J Cell Biol 107 : 613-621, 1988.
PubMed
Faundez V and Alvarez J : Microtubules and caliber in developing axons. J Comp Neurol 250 : 73-80, 1986.
PubMed
Fawcett DW and Porter KR : A study of the fine structure of ciliated epithelia. J Morphol 94 : 221-281, 1954.
 
Fawcett JW and Keynes RJ : Peripheral nerve regeneration. Ann Rev Neurosci 13 : 43-60, 1990.
PubMed
Fermando DA : A third glial cell seen in retrograde degeneration of the hypoglossal nerve. Brain Res 27 : 365-368, 1971.
 
Fernandez HL, Burton PR and Samson FE : Axoplasmic transport in the crayfish cord. J Cell Biol 53 : 258-263, 1971.
 
Fernandez HL, Heavens FC and Davison PF : Studies on the mechanism of axoplasmic transport in the crayfish cord. J Neurobiol 1 : 395-409, 1970.
 
Field PM, Coldham DE and Raisman G : Synapse formation after injury in the adult rat brain : preferential reinnervation of denervated fimbrial site of axons by the contralateral fimbria. Brain Res 189 : 103-113, 1980.
 
Fifkova E, Anderson CL, Young SJ and Van Harreveld A : Effect of anisomycin on stimulation-induced changes in dendritic spines of the dentate granule cells. J Neurocytol 11 : 183-210, 1982.
 
Fifkova E and Delay RJ : Cytoplasmic actin in neuronal precesses as a possible mediator of synaptic plasticity. J Cell Biol 95 : 345-350, 1982.
 
Fifkova E and Van Harreveld A : Long-Lasting-morphological changes in dendritic spines of dentate granular cells following stimulation of the entorhinal area. J Neurocytol 6 : 211-230, 1977.
PubMed
Figlewicz DA, Gremo F and Innocenti GM : Differential expression of neurofilament subunits in the developing corpus callosum. Dev Brain Res 42 : 181-189, 1988.
 
Fine RE and Bray D : Actin in growing nerve cells. Nature New Biol 234 : 115-118, 1971.
PubMed
Fink RP and Heimer L : Two methods for selective silver impregnation of degenerative axons and their synaptic endings in the central nervous system. Brain Res 4 : 369-374, 1967.
 
Fischer G, Kunemund V and Schachner M : Neurite outgrowth patterns in cerebellar microexplant cultures are affected by antibodies to the cell surface glycoprotein L1. J Neurosci 6 : 605-612, 1986.
 
Flament-Durand J : Etude des relation hypothalamoneurohypophysaire a hide de radio-isotopes marque au soufre 35. Compt Rend Hebd Seanc Acad Sci (Paris) 252 : 3476-3500, 1961.
 
Flament-Durand J : Costribution a l'etude de la neurosecretion chez le rat par la methode autoradiographique. In : Neurosecretion. Ed by F Stutinsky. p. 60-76, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1967.
 
Flament-Durand J and Dustin P : Studies on the transport of secretory granules in the magnocellular hypothalamic neurons. I. Action of colchicine on axonal flow and neurotubules in the paraventricutar nuclei. Z Zellforsch 130 : 440-454, 1972.
 
Forman DS, McEwen RS and Grafstein B : Rapid transport of radioactivity in goldfish optic nerve following injections of labeled glucosamine. Brain Res 28 : 119-130, 1971.
 
Forman DS, Padjen AL and Siggins GR : Axonal transport of organelles visualized by light microscopy : Cinematographic and computer analysis. Brain Res 136 : 197-213, 1977.
 
Forscher P : Calcium and polyphosphoinositide control of cytoskeletal dynamics. Trends Neurosci 12 : 468-474, 1989.
PubMed
Forscher P, Kaczmarek LK, Buchanan JA and Smith SJ : Cyclic AMP induces changes in distribution and transport of organelles within growth cones of Aplysia bag cell neurons. J Neurosci 7 : 3600-3611, 1987.
PubMed
Forssman J : Uber die Ursachen, welche die Wachstumsrichtung der peripheren Nervenfasern bei der Regeneration bestimmen. Ziegler's Beitr Pathol Anat 24 : 56-100, 1898.
 
Forssman J : Zur Kenntnis des Neurotropismus. Ziegler's Beitr Pathol Anat 27 : 407-430, 1900.
 
Foster GA, Dahl D and Lee V M-Y : Temporal and topographic relationships between the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated epitopes of the 200 kDa neurofilament protein during development in vitro. J Neurosci 7 : 2651-2663, 1987.
 
Fox GO, Pappas GD and Purpura DP : Fine structure of growth cones in medullary raphe nuclei in the postnatal cut. Brain Res 101 : 411-425, 1976.
 
Fraser SE, Murray BA, Chuong CM and Edelman GM : Alteration of the retinotectal map in Xenopus by antibodies to neural cell adhesion molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 : 4222-4226, 1984.
PubMed
Freeman LW : Return of function after complete transection of the spinal cord of the rat, cat and dog. Amer Surg 136 : 193-205, 1952.
 
Frisch D : A photographic reinforcement analysis of neurotubules and cytoplasmic membranes. J Ultrastruct Res 29 : 357-372, 1969.
 
Fry FJ and Cowan WM : A study of retrograde cell degeneration in the lateral mamillary nucleus of the cat, with special reference to the role of axonal branching in the preservation of the cell. J Comp Neurol 144 : 1-24, 1972.
 
Fuchs E and Hanukoglu I : Unraveling the structure of the intermediate filaments. Cell 34 : 332-334, 1983.
PubMed
Fujimoto E, Miki A and Ide C : Regenerating axons in basal lamina tubes of non-neural tissue. Biomed Res 13 : 59-68, 1992.
 
Fujisawa H : Retinotopic analysis of fiber pathways in the regenerating retinotectal system of the adult newt Cynopus pyrrhogaster. Brain Res 206 : 27-37, 1981.
 
Fujisawa H, Watanabe K, Tani N and Ibata Y : Retinotopic analysis of fiber pathways in amphibians. I. The adult newt Cynopus pyrrhogaster. Brain Res 206 : 9-20, 1981.
 
Fujisawa H, Watanabe K, Tani N and Ibata Y : Retinotopic analysis of fiber pathways in amphibians. II. The frog Rana nigromaculata. Brain Res 206 : 21-26, 1981.
PubMed
Fujita S and Kitamura T : Origin of brain macrophages and the nature of the so-called microglia. Acta Neuropathol, Suppl 6 : 291-296, 1975.
 
Fujito Y, Maeda J, Murakami F and Tsukahara N : Synaptic inputs of feline rubrospinal neurons from the parietal association cortex, pretectum and medial lemniscus, and their lesion-induced sprouting. Jap J Physiol 33 : 197-214, 1983.
 
Furcht LT : Critical factors controlling angiogenesis. Cell products, cell matrix, and growth factors. Lab Invest 55 : 505-509, 1986.
PubMed
Furley AJ, Morton SB, Manalo D, Karagogeos D, Dodd J and Jessell TM : The axonal glycoprotein TAG-1 is an immunoglobulin superfamily memher with neurite outgrowth-promoting activity. Cell 61 : 157-170, 1990.
PubMed
Gallin WJ, Sorkin BC, Edelman GM and Cunningham BA : Sequence analysis of a cDNA clone encoding the liver cell adhesion molecule, L-CAM. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 2808 2812, 1987.
 
Gallo J-M and Anderton BH : Ubiquitous variations in nerves. Nature 337 : 687-688, 1989.
PubMed
Garner CC, Brugg B and Matus A : A 70-Kilodalton microtubule - associated protein (MAP 2C), related to MAP2. J Neurochem 50 : 609-615, 1988.
 
Garner CC and Matus AI : Different forms of microtuhule-associated protein 2 are encoded by separate mRNA transcripts. J Cell Biol 106 : 779-783, 1988.
 
Garner CC, Matus A, Anderton B and Calvert R : Microtubule-associated proteins MAPS and MAP1x : closely related components of the neuronal cytoskeleton with different cytoplasmic distributions in the developing brain. Mol Brain Res 5 : 85-92, 1989.
PubMed
Garner J and Lasek RJ : Clathrin is axonally transported of the slow component b : The microfilament complex. J Cell Biol 88 : 172-178, 1981.
 
Garner J and Lasek RJ : Cohesive axonal transport of the slow component b complex of polypeptides. J Neurosci 2 : 1824-1835, 1982.
PubMed
Gatchalian CL, Schachner M and Sanes JR : Fibroblasts that proliferate near denervated synaptic sites in skeletal muscle synthesize the adhesion molecules tenascin (J1), N-CAM, fibronectin, and a heparan sulfate proteoglycan. J Cell Biol 108 : 1873-1890, 1989.
 
Geisler N, Fischer S, Vandekerckhove J, Damme JV, Plassmann U and Weber K : Protein-chemical charakterization of NF-H, the largest mammalian neurofilament component : intermediate filament-type requences followed by a unique carboxy-terminal extension. EMBO J 4 : 57-64, 1985.
 
Geisler N, Kaufman E, Fischer S, Plassmann U and Weber K : Neurofilament architecture combines structure principles of intermediate filaments with carboxy-terminal extensions increasing in size between triplet proteins. EMBO J 2 : 1295-1302, 1983.
 
Geist FD : Chromatolysis of efferent neurons. Arch Neurol Psychiat 29 : 88-103, 1933.
 
Gentschev T and Sotelo C : Degenerative patterns in the ventral cochlear nucleus of the rat after primary deafferentation. An ultrastructural study. Brain Res 62 : 37-60, 1973.
PubMed
Gerisch G : Univalent antibody fragments as tools for the analysis of cell interactions in Dictyo-stelium. Curr Top Dev Biol 14 : 243-270, 1977.
 
Ghabriel MN and Allt G : The role of Schmidt-Lanterman incisures in Wallerian degeneration. II. An electron microscopic study. Acta Neuropathol 48 : 95-104, 1979.
 
Gibbons IR : Dynein ATPases as microtubule motors. I Biol Chem 263 : 15837-15840, 1988.
PubMed
Gilbert DS, Newby BJ and Anderson B : Neurofilament disguise, destruction and discipline. Nature (Lond) 256 : 586-589, 1975.
 
Gillet JP, Deter P and Tsiang H : Axonal transport of rabies virus in the central nervous system of the rat. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 45 : 619-634, 1986.
 
Gilliatt RW : Sensory nerve conduction in man. Proc Roy Soc Med 54 : 324-326, 1961.
PubMed
Gitlin G and Singer M : Myelin movements in mature mammalian peripheral nerve fibers. J Morphol 143 : 167-186, 1974.
PubMed
Glees P : Terminal degeneration within the central nervous system as studied by a new silver method. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 5 : 54-59, 1946.
 
Glees P : Experimental Neurology. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1961.
 
Glicksman MA and Willard M : Differential expression of the three neurofilament polypeptides. Ann NY Acad Sci 455 : 479-491, 1985.
PubMed
Gloor S, Odink K, Guenther J, Nick H and Monard D : A glia-derived neurite promoting factor with protease inhibitory activity belongs to the protease nexins. Cell 487 : 687-693, 1986.
 
Goelet P and Kandel ER : Tracking the flow of learning information from membrane receptors to genome. Trends Neurosci 9 : 492-499, 1986.
 
Goldberg DJ and Burmeister DW : Stages in axon formation : Observations of growth by Aphlysia axons in culture using video-enhanced contrast-differential interference contrast microscopy. J Cell Biol 103 : 1921-1932, 1986.
PubMed
Goldberg DJ and Burmeister DW : Looking into growth cones. Trends Neurosci 12 : 503-506, 1989.
PubMed
Goldberger ME and Murray M : Recovery of movement and axonal sprouting may obey some of the same laws. In : Neuronal Plasticity. Ed by CW Cotman. Raven Press New York. pp 73-96, 1978.
 
Goldman SA and Nottebohm F : Neuronal production, migration, and differentiation in a vocal control nucleus of the adult female canary brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80 : 2390-2394, 1983.
 
Goldman-Rakic PS : Development and plasticity of primate frontal association cortex. In : The Organization of the Cerebral Cortex. Ed by FO Schmitt, FG Wooden, G Adelman and SG Dennis. MITPress, Cambridge MA, pp 69-97, 1981.
 
Goldstein IL, Anderson RGW and Brown MS : Coated pits, coated vesicles and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Nature 279 : 679-685, 1979.
 
Goldstein JL, Brown MS, Anderson RGW, Russel DW and Schneider WJ : Receptor-mediated endocytosis : Concepts emerging from the LDL receptor system. Ann Rev Cell Biol 1 : 1-39, 1985.
 
Goldwitz D and Cotman CW : Do neurotrophic interactions control synapse formation in the adult rat brain? Brain Res 181 : 325-344, 1980.
 
Goldwitz D, Vincent SR, Wu J-Y and Hokfelt T : Immunohistochemical demonstration of plasticity in GABA neurons of the rat dentate gyros. Brain Res 238 : 413-420, 1982.
 
Gonatas NK, Harper C, Mizutani T and Gonatas JO : Superior sensitivity of conjugates of horseradish peroxidase with wheat germ agglutinin for studies of retrograde axonal transport. J Histo-chem Cytochem 27 : 728-734, 1979.
 
Goodman CS, Raper JA, Ho RK and Chang S : Pathfinding by neuronal growth cones in grasshopper embryo. In : Developmental Order : Its Origin and Regulation. Alan R Liss Inc, New York, pp 275-316, 1982.
 
Goodman DC and Hotel JA : Sprouting of optic tract projections in the brain stem of the rat. J Comp Neurol 127 : 71-88, 1966.
 
Goodman SR and Zagon IS : The neural cell spectrin skeleton : A review. Amer J physiol 250 : C347-C360, 1986.
PubMed
Gordon-Weeks PR : The cytoskeletons of isolated neuronal growth cones. Neuroscience 21 : 977-989, 1987.
PubMed
Gordon-Weeks PR : GAP-43 : What does it do in the growth cone? Trends Neurosci 12 : 363-365, 1989.
PubMed
Goslin K and Banker G : Rapid changes in the distribution of GAP-43 correlate with the expression of neuronal polarity during normal development and under experimental conditions. J Cell Biol 110 : 1319-1331, 1990.
PubMed
Goslin K, Birgbauer C, Banker G and Solomon F : The role of cytoskeleton in organizing growth cones : A microfilament-associated growth cone component depends upon microfubules for its localization. J Cell Biol 109 : 1621-1631, 1989.
 
Goslin K, Schreyer DJ, Skene JHP and Banker G : Development of neuronal polarity : GAP-43 distinguishes axonal from dendritic growth cones. Nature 336 : 672-674, 1988.
 
Goslin K, Schreyer DJ, Skene JHP and Banker G : Changes in the distribution of GAP-43 during in the development of neuronal polarity. J Neurosci 10 : 588-602, 1990.
 
後藤秀機 : 神経軸索輸送の医学. 海鳴社, 東京, 82ページ, 1986.
 
Gower DJ and Tytell M : Slow axonal protein transport and axoplasmic organization. J Neurol Sci 72 : 11-18, 1986.
PubMed
Gower DJ and Tytell M : Axonal transport of clathrin-associated proteins. Brain Res 407 : 1-8, 1987.
PubMed
Gozes I : Tubulin in the nervous system. Neurochem lot 4 : 101-120, 1982.
 
Graeber MB and Kreutzberg GW : Astrocytes increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein during retrograde changes of facial motor neurons. J Neurocytol 15 : 363-373, 1986.
PubMed
Grafstein B : Axonal transport : communication between soma and synapse. In : Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology, Vol. 1, Ed by E Costa and P Greengard. Raven Press, New York, pp. 11-25, 1969.
 
Grafstein B : Axonal transport : The intracellular trafic of the neuron. In : Handbook of the Nervous System. Vol 1. Cellular Biology of Neurones. Ed by ER Kandel. Amer Physiol Soc, Washington DC. 1975.
 
Grafstein B and Forman D : Intracellular transport in neurons. Physiol Rev 60 : 1167-1283, 1980.
PubMed
Grafstein B and Laureno R : Transport of radioactivity from eye to visual cortex in the mouse. Exper Neurol 39 : 44-57, 1973.
 
Grant G : Degenerative changes in dendrites following axonal transection. Experientia 21 : 1-4, 1965.
 
Grant G : Neuronal changes central to the site of axon transection. A method for the identification of retrograde changes in perikarya, dendrites and axons by silver impregnation. In : ContemporaryResearch Methods in Neuroanatomy Ed by WJH Nauta and SOE Ebbesson. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 173-185, 1970.
 
Grant G and Westman J : Degenerative changes in dendrites central to axonal trensection. Electron microscopical observations. Experientia 24 : 169-170, 1968.
 
Gray EG : Axosomatic and axodendritic synapses of the cerebral cortex : an electron microscopic study. J Anat 93 : 420-433, 1959.
PubMed
Gray EG : Electron microscopy of synaptic contacts on deudritic spines of the cerebral cortex. Nature 183 : 1592-1593, 1959.
PubMed
Gray EG : Spongiform encephalopathy : A neurocytologist's viewpoint with a note on Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 12 : 149-172, 1986.
PubMed
Graziadei PPC and Monti Graziadei GA : Continuous nerve cell renewal in the olfactory system. In : Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Vol 9. Development of Sensory System, Ed by M Jacobson. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1978.
 
Greenberger LM and Pfenninger KH : Membrane glycoproteins of the nerve growth cone : Diversity and growth regulation of oligosaccharides. J Cell Biol 103 : 1369-1382, 1986.
PubMed
Greenspan RJ and O'Brien MC : Genetic evidence for the role of Thy-1 in neurite outgrowth in the mouse. J Neurogen 5 : 25-36, 1989.
 
Griffin JW, Drucker N, Gold BG, Rosenfeld J, Benzaquen M, Charnas LR, Fahnestock KE and Stocks EA : Schwann cell proliferation and migration during paranodal demyelination. J Neurosci 7 : 682-699, 1987.
PubMed
Griffin JW, Fahnestock KB, Price DL and Hoffman PN : Microtubule- neurofilament segregation produced by β, β1-iminodipropionitrile : evidence for the association of fast axonal transport with microtubules. J Neurosci 3 : 557-566, 1983.
 
Griffin JW, Hoffman PN, Clark AW, Carrol PT and Price DL : Slow axonal transport of neurofilament proteins : Impairment by iminodipropionitrile administration. Science 202 : 633-635, 1978.
 
Griffin JW, Hoffman PN and Price DL : Axonal transport in iminodipropionitrile neuropathy. In Axoplasmic Transport, Ed by DG Weiss. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 109-118, 1982.
 
Griffin J W, Price DL, Drachman DB and Morris J Incorporation of axonally transported glycoproteins into axolemma during nerve regeneration. J Cell Biol 88 : 205-214, 1981.
PubMed
Gross GW and Beidler LM : A quantitative analysis of isotope concentration profiles and rapid axonal transport in the C-fibers of the garfish olfactory nerve. J Neurobiol 6 : 213-232, 1975.
 
Grumbacher-Reinert S : Local influence of substrate molecules in determing distinctive growth patterns of identified neurons in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 : 7270-7274, 1989.
 
Grumet M and Edelman GM : Neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule interacts with neurons and glia via different binding mechanisms. J Cell Biol 106 : 487-503, 1988.
PubMed
Grumet M, Hoffman S, Chuong CM and Edelman GM : Polypeptide components and binding function of neuron-glia cell adhesion molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 : 7989-7903, 1984.
PubMed
Grumet M, Rutishauser U and Edelman GM : NCAM mediates adhesion between embryonic nerve and muscle in vitro. Nature 295 : 693-695, 1982.
 
Grynkiewicz G, Poenie M and Tsien RY : A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties. J Biel Chem 260 : 3440-3450, 1985.
 
Gudden B von : Experimentaluntersuchungen uber das peripherische and centrale Nervensystem. Arch Psychiat 2 : 364-366, 1870.
 
Guenther J, Nick H and Monard D : A glia-derived neurite-promoting factor with protease inhibitor activity. EMBO J 4 : 1963-1966, 1985.
PubMed
Guillery RW : Visual pathway in albinos. Sci Amer 230 : 44-54, 1974.
PubMed
Gundersen RW : Response of sensory neurites and growth cones to patterned substrata of larminin and fibronectin in vitro. Dev Biol 121 : 423-431, 1987.
 
Guth L, Brewer CL, Collins WF jr, Goldberger ME and Perl ER : Criteria for evaluating spinal cord regeneration experiments. Exper Neural 69 : 1-3, 1980.
 
Gutmann E, Guttmann L, Medawar PB and Young JZ : Rate of regeneration of nerve. J Exper Biol 19 : 14-44, 1942.
 
Gutmann E and Young JZ : The re-innervation of muscle after various periods of atrophy. J Anat 78 : 15-43, 1944.
 
Haggar RA : Behavior of the accessory body of Cajal during axon reaction. J Comp Neurol 108 : 269-283, 1957.
PubMed
Hakomori S, Fukuda M, Sekiguchi K and Carter WG : Fibronectin, laminin and other extracellular glycoproteins. In : Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry. Ed by KA Piez and AH Reddi. Elsevier, New York, pp 229-275, 1984.
 
Halfter W, Reckhaus W and Krager S : Non-directed axonal growth on basal lamina from avian embryonic neural retina. J Neurosci 7 : 3712-3722, 1987.
 
Hall DE, Neugebauer KM and Reichardt LF : Embryonic neural retinal cell response to extracellular matrix proteins : Developmental changes and effects of the cell substratum attachment antibody (CSAT). J Cell Biol 104 : 623-634, 1987.
PubMed
Hansson HA and Sjdstrand J : Ultrastructural effects of colchicine on the hypoglossal and dorsal vagal neurons of the rabbit. Brain Res 35 : 379-396, 1971.
 
Have WK and Hinsey JC : Reaction of dorsal root ganglion cells to section of peripheral and central processes. J Comp Neural 73 : 489-502, 1940.
 
Harkin JC : A series of desmosomal attachments in the Schwann cell sheath of myelinated mammalian nerves. Z Zellforsch 64 : 189-195, 1964.
 
Harrelson Al and Goodman CS : Growth cone guidance in insects fasciclin II is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Science 242 : 700-708, 1988.
PubMed
Harrison PJ, Hultborn H, Jankowska E, Katz R, Storai B and Zytnicki D : Labelling of interneurones by retrograde transsynaptic transport of horseradish peroxidase from motoneurones in rats and cats. Neurosci Lett 45 : 15-19, 1984.
PubMed
Harrison RG : An experimental study of the relation of the nervous system to the developing musculature in the embryo of the frog Amer J Anat 3 : 197-220, 1904.
 
Harrison RG : Experiments in transplanting limbs and their bearing upon the problem of the development of nerves. J Exper Zool 4 : 239-281, 1907.
 
Harrison RG : On the stereotropism of embryonic cells. Science 34 : 279, 1911.
PubMed
Harrison RG : The cultivation of tissues in extranous media as a method of morphogenetic study. Anat Rec 6 : 181-193, 1912.
 
Harrison RG : The reaction of embryonic cells to solid structures. J Exper Zool 17 : 521-544, 1914.
 
Harrisson R : Observations on the living developing nerve fiber. Anat Red 1 : 116-118, 1907.
 
Harrisson R : Embryonic transplantation and development of the nervous system. Anat Rec 2 : 385-410, 1908.
 
Harrisson R : The outgrowth of the nerve fibers as a mode of protoplamic movement. J Exper Zool 9 : 787-846, 1910.
 
Hasegawa M, Rosenbluth J and Ishise J : Nodal and paranodal structural changes in mouse and rat optic nerve during Wallerian degeneration. Brain Res 452 : 345-357, 1988.
PubMed
Hatta K, Nose A, Nagafuchi A and Takeichi M : Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding a neural calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule : Its identify in the cadherin gene family. J Cell Biol 106 : 873-881, 1988.
 
Hatta K, Takagi S, Fujisawa H and Takeichi M : Spatial and temporal expression pattern of N-cadherin cell adhesion molecules correlated with morphogenetic processes of chicken embryos. Dev Biol 120 : 215-227, 1987.
 
Hatta K and Takeichi M : Expression of N-cadherin adhesion molecules associated with early morphogenetic events in chick development. Nature 320 : 447-449, 1986.
 
Hausman RE and Moscona AA : Isolation of retina-specific cell-aggregating factor from membranes of embryonic neural retina tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73 : 3594-3598, 1976.
PubMed
Hawkins RD, Abrams TW, Carew TJ and Kandel ER : A cellular mechanism of classical conditioning in Aplysia : activity-dependent amplification of presynaptic facilitation. Science 219 : 400-405, 1982.
 
Hawkins RD, Castellucci VF and Kandel ER : Interneurons involved in mediation and modulation of gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. II. Identified neurons produce heterosynaptic facilitation contributing to behavioural sensitization. J Neurophysiol 45 : 315-326, 1981.
PubMed
Haydon PG, McCobb DP and Kater SB : The regulation of neurite outgrowth, growth cone motility, and electrical synaptogenesis by serotonin. J Neurobtol 18 : 197-215, 1987.
PubMed
Hebb DO : The Organization of Behaviour. John Wiley & Son, New York, 1949.
 
Heidemann SR, Landers JM and Hamborg MA : Polarity orientation of axonal microtubules. J Cell Biel 91 : 661-665, 1981.
 
Heidemann SR and McIntosh JR : Visualization of the structural polarity of microtubules. Nature 286 : 517-519, 1980.
PubMed
Heimann R, Shelanski ML and Liern RKH : Microtubule-associated proteins bind specifically to the 70-KDA neurofilament protein. J Biol Chem 260 : 12160-12166, 1985.
 
Henderson CE, Huchet M and Changeux J-P : Denervation increases a neurite promoting activity in extracts of skeletal muscle. Nature 302 : 609-611, 1983.
PubMed
Hendrickson AE and Cowan WM : Changes in the rate of axoplasmic transport during postnatal development of the rabbit's optic nerve and tract. Exper Neurol 30 : 403-422, 1971.
 
Hendry IA, Stach R and Herrup K : Characteristics of the retrograde axonal transport system for nerve growth factor in the sympathetic nervous system. Brain Res 82 : 117-128, 1974.
PubMed
Hendry IA, Stockle K, Thoenen H and Iversen LL : The retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor. Brain Res 68 : 103-121, 1974.
 
Henry EW and Sidman RL : Long lives for homozygous trembler mutant mice despite virtual absence of peripheral nerve myelin. Science 241 : 344-346, 1988.
PubMed
Hertwig O : Methoden and Versuche zur Erforschung der Vita propria abgetrennter Gewebs-und Organstuckchen von Wirbeltieren. Arch Mikr Anat 79 : 113-120, 1911-1912.
 
Heuser JE and Reese TS : Evidence for recycling of synaptic vesicle membrane during trausmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction. J Cell Biol 57 : 315-344, 1973.
PubMed
Heuser JE and Reese TS : Freeze-substitution applied to the study of quick-frozen synapses. J Cell Biel 70 : 357a, 1976.
 
Heuser JE, Reese TS, Dennis MJ, Jan Y, Jan L and Evans L : Synaptic vesicle exocytosis captured by quick freezing and correlated with quantal transmitter release. J Cell Biol 81 : 275-300, 1979.
 
Heuser JE, Reese TS and Landis DMD : Functional changes in frog neuromuscular junction studied with freeze-fracture. J Neurocytol 3 : 109-131, 1974.
 
Hild W : Das morphologische, kinetische and endokrinologische Verhalten von hypothalamischen and neurohypophysaren Gewebe in vitro. Z Zellforsch 40 : 257-312, 1954.
 
Hild W and Zetler G : Experimenteller Beweis fur die Entstehung der sogenannten Ilypophysen-hinterlappenwirkstoffe in Hypothalamus. Pflugers Arch ges Physicl 257 : 169-201, 1953.
 
Himes BT and Tessler A : Death of some dorsal root ganglion neurons and plasticity of others following sciatic nerve section in adult and neonatal rats. J Comp Neurol 284 : 215-230, 1989.
PubMed
Hinsey JC, Krupp MA and Lhamon WT : Reaction of spinal ganglion cells to section of dorsal roots. J Comp Neurol 67 : 205-214, 1937.
 
Hirano A : Nodes of Ranvier in pathological conditions. In : The Node of Ranvier. Ed by JC Zagoren and S Fedoroff. Academic Press, Orlando, pp 213-244, 1984.
 
Hirakawa M, McCabe JT and Kawata M : Time related changes in the labeling pattern of motor and sensory neurons innervating the gastrocunemius muscle, as revealed by the retrograde transport of the cholera toxin B subunit. Cell Tissue Res 267 : 419-427, 1992.
 
Hirokawa N : The crosslinker system between neurofilaments, microtubules and membranous organelles in frog axons revealed by quick freeze fracture, deep etching method. J Cell Biol 94 : 129-142, 1982.
 
Hirokawa N : Quick-freeze deep-etch visualization of the axonal cytoskeleton. Trends Neurosci 9 : 67-70, 1986.
 
Hirokawa N : 270K microtubule-associated protein cross-reacting with anti MAP2 IgG in the crayfish peripheral nerve axon. J Cell Biol 103 : 33-39, 1986.
 
Hirokawa N : Interactions between cytoskeletal polymers in neurons. Quick freeze-deep etch and immunocytochemical studies. In : Intrinsic Determinants of Neuronal Form and Function. Ed by RJ Lasek and MM Black. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 285-306, 1988.
 
Hirokawa N : Molecular architecture and dynamics of the neuronal cytoskeleton. In : Neuronal Cytoskeleton. Ed by RD Burgoyne. Wiley-Liss, Inc. New York, pp 5-74, 1991.
 
Hirokawa N, Bloom GS and Vallee RB : Cytoskeletal ahchitecture and immunocytochemical localization of microtubule-associated proteins in regions of axons associated with rapid axonaltransport : The IDPN-intoxicated axon as a model system. J Cell Biol 101 : 227-239, 1985.
 
Hirokawa N, Glicksman MA and Willard MB : Organization of mammalian neurofilament polypeptides within the neuronal cytoskeleton. J Cell Biol 98. 1523-1536, 1984.
PubMed
Hirokawa N, Hisanaga S and Shiomura Y : MAP2 is a component of crossbridges between microtubules and microfilaments in the neuronal cytoskeleton : quick - freeze, deep-etch immunoelectron microscopy and reconstitution studies. J Neurosci 8 : 2769-2779, 1988.
 
Hirokawa N and Kirino T : An ultrastructural study of nerve and glia cells by freeze-substitution. J Neurocytol 9 : 243-254, 1980.
PubMed
Hirokawa N, Pfister KK, Yorifuji H, Wagner MC, Brady ST and Bloom GS : Submolecular domains of bovine brain kinesin identified by electron microscopy and monoclonal antibody decoration. Cell 56 : 867-878, 1989.
PubMed
Hirokawa N, Sato-Yoshitake R, Kobayashi N, Pfister KK, Bloom GS and Brady ST : Kinesin associates with anterogradely transported membranous organelles in vivo. J Cell Biol 114 : 295-302, 1991.
PubMed
Hirokawa N, Sato-Yoshitake R, Yoshida T and Kawashima T : Brain dynein (MAPIC) localization both anterogradely and retrogradely transported membranous organelles. J Cell Biol 111 : 1027-1037, 1990.
 
Hirokawa N, Shiomura Y and Okabe S : Tau proteins : The molecular structure and mode of binding on microtubules. J Cell Biol 107 : 1449-1461, 1988.
PubMed
Hirokawa N, Sobue K, Kanda K, Ilarada A and Yorifuji H : The cytoskeletal architecture of the presynaptic terminal and molecular structure of synapsin I. J Cell Biol 108 : 111-126, 1989.
PubMed
Hirokawa N and Yorifuji H : Cytoskeletal architecture in the reactivated crayfish axons with special reference to the cross-bridges between microtubules and membrane organelles and among microtubules. Cell Motil Cytoskel 6 : 458-468, 1986.
 
Hisanaga S and Hirokawa N : Structure of peripheral domains of neurofilament revealed by low angle rotary shadowing. J Mot Biol 202 : 297-305, 1988.
 
Hoffman H and Springell PH : An attempt at the chemical identification of "neurocletin" (the substance evoking axon sprouting). Aust J Exper Biol Med Sci 29 : 417-424, 1951.
 
Hoffman PN and Cleveland DW : Neurnfilament and tubulin expression recapitulates the developmental pragram during axonal regeneration : Induction of a specific 6-tubulin isotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 4530-4533, 1988.
 
Hoffman PN and Lasek RJ : The slow component of axonal transport. Identification of major structural polypeptides of the axon and their generality among mammalian neurons. J Cell Biol 66 : 351-366, 1975.
PubMed
Hoffman S and Edelman GM : Kinetics of homophilic binding by E and A forms of neural cell adhesion molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80 : 5762-5766, 1983.
 
Hoffman S, Sorkin BC, White PC, Brackenbury R, Mailhammer R, Rutishauser U. Cummingham BA and Edelman GM : Chemical characterization of a neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) purified from embryonic brain membranes. J Biol Chem 257 : 7720-7729, 1982.
 
Hogan BLM, Barlow DP, Dreen NM, Elliot RW, McVey J, Patel G, Kurkinen M and Cooper AR : Laminin : Towards the structure of the protein and its genes. In : Basement Membranes. Ed by S Shibata. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 147-154, 1985.
 
Hokin LE : Receptors and phosphoinositide-generated second messengers. Ann Rev Biochem 54 : 205-236, 1985.
PubMed
Holland RL and Brown MC : Postsynaptic transmission block can cause terminal sprouting of a motor nerve. Science 207 : 649-651, 1980.
 
Holtfreter J : Gewebeafinitat, ein Mittel der embryonalen Formbildung. Arch Exper Zellforsch 23 : 169-209, 1939.
 
Holtfreter J : Neural differentiation of ectoderm through exposure to saline solution. J Exper Zool 95 : 307-343, 1944.
 
Holtfreter J : Significance of the cell membrane in embryonic processes. Ann NY Acad Sci 49 : 709-760, 1948.
PubMed
Holtfreter J : The mechanism of embryonic induction and its relation to parthenogenesis and malignancy. Symp Soc Exper Biol, No 11, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, p 17, 1948.
 
Holtzman E : Cytochemical studies of protein transport in the nervous system. Phil Trans Roy Soc Ser 261 : 407-421, 1971.
 
Holtzman E, Freeman AR and Kashner LA : Stimulation-dependent alterations in peroxidase uptake at lobster neuromuscular junctions. Science 173 : 733-736, 1971.
PubMed
Holtzman E and Novikoff AB : Lysosomes in the rat sciatic nerve following crush. J Cell Biol 27 : 651-669, 1965.
 
Holtzman E, Novikoff AB and Villaverde H : Lysosomes and GERL in normal and chromatolytic neurons of the rat ganglion nodosum. J Cell Biol 33 : 419-435, 1967.
PubMed
Holtzman E and Peterson ER : Uptake of protein by mammalian neurons. J Cell Biol 40 : 863-869, 1969.
PubMed
Hopkins WG and Brown MC : Development of Nerve Cells and Their Connection. Cambridge University Press, London, 1984.
 
Horton HL and Levitt P : A unique membrane protein is expressed on early developing limbic system axons and cortical fargets. J Neurosci 8 : 4653-4661, 1988.
PubMed
Horwitz A, Duggan K, Buck C, Beckerle MC and Burridge K : Interaction of plasma membrane fibronectin receptor with talin-a transmembrane linkage. Nature 320 : 531-533, 1986.
 
Hoy RR : The curious nature of degeneration and regeneration in motor neurons and central connectives of the crayfish. In : Developmental Neurobiology of Arthropods. Ed by D Young. Cambridge University Press, London, pp 203-232, 1973.
 
Hoy RR : Bittner GD and Kennedy D : Regeneration in crustacean motoneurons : Evidence for axonal fusion. Science 156 : 251-252, 1967.
PubMed
Huber G, Alaimo-Beuret D and Matus A : Characterization of a novel microtubule-associated protein. J Cell Biol 100 : 496-507, 1985.
PubMed
Huber G, Pehling G and Matus A : The novel microtubule-associated protein MAP3 contributes to the in vitro assembly of brain microtubules. J Biol Chem 261 : 2270-2273, 1986.
 
Hughes AF : The growth of embryonic neurites. A study on cultures of chick neural tissue. J Anat 87 : 150-162, 1953.
 
Hunter DD, Shah V, Merlie JP and Sanes JR : A laminin-like adhesive protein concentrated in a synaptic cleft of the neuromuscular junction. Nature 338 : 229-234, 1989.
 
Hutchins JB and Casagrande VA : Vimentin : Changes in distribution during brain development. Glia 2 : 55-66, 1989.
PubMed
Huttner WB, DeGennaro LJ and Greengard P : Differential phosphorylation of multiple sites in purified protein I by cyclic AMP-dependent and calcium-dependent protein kinases. J Biol Chem 256 : 1482-1488, 1981.
PubMed
Huttner WB, Schiebler W, Greengard P and DeCamilli P : Synapsin I (Protein I), a nerve terminal-specific vesicles studied in a highly purified synaptic vesicle preparation. J Cell Biol 96 : 1374-1388, 1983.
 
Hyafil F, Babinet C and Jacob F : Cell-cell interactions in early embryogenesis : A molecular approach to the role of calcium. Cell 26 : 447-454, 1981.
 
Hyafil F, Morello D, Babinet C and Jacob F : A cell surface glycoprotein involved in the compaction of embryonal carcinoma cells and cleavage stage embryos. Cell 21 : 927-934, 1980.
 
Hyden H : Protein metabolism in the nerve cell during growth and function. Acta Physiol Scand, Suppl 17, 6 : 1-136, 1943.
 
Hyden H : The Neuron. In : The Cell, Ed by J Brachet and AE Mirsky. Academic Press, New York, Vol 4, pp 215-323, 1960.
 
Hynes R : Molecular biology of fibronectin. Ann Rev Cell Biol 1 : 67-90, 1985.
PubMed
Hynes R : Integrins : A family of cell surface receptors. Cell 48 : 549-554, 1987.
PubMed
Ide C : Nerve regeneration and Schwann cell basal lamina : observations of the long-term regeneration. Arch Histol Jap 46 : 243-257, 1983.
 
Ide C : Nerve regeneration through the basal lamina scaffold the skeletal muscle. Neurosci Res 1 : 379-391, 1984.
 
Ide C : Basal lamina and Meissner corpuscle regeneration. Brain Res 384 : 311-322, 1986.
PubMed
Ide C : Role of extracellular matrix in the regeneration of a pacinian corpuscle. Brain Res 413 : 155-169, 1987.
PubMed
井出千束 : 神経の再生. 神経科学レビュー 6 : 55-73, 1992.
 
Ide C and Kato S : Peripheral nerve regeneration. Neurosci Res, Suppl 13 : 5157-5164, 1990.
 
Ide C, Osawa T and Tohyama K : Nerve regeneration through allogeneic nerve grafts, with special reference to the role of the Schwann cell basal lamina. Prog Neurobiol 34 : 1-38, 1990.
 
Ide C, Tohyama K, Yokota R, Nitatori T and Onodera S : Schwann cell basal lamina and nerve regeneration. Brain Res 288 : 61-75, 1983.
PubMed
Inestrosa NC and Alvarez J : Axons grow in the aging rat but fast transport and actylcholinesterase content remain unchanged. Brain Res 441 : 331-338, 1988.
 
Ingebrigtsen R : Studies of the degeneration and regeneration of the axis cylinders in vitro. J Exper Med 17 : 182-191, 1913.
 
Ingebrigtsen R : Regeneration of axis cylinders in vitro. Second communication. J Exper Med 18 : 412-415, 1913.
 
Ishikawa H, Bischoff R and Holtzer H : Formation of arrow head complexes with heavy meromyosin in a variety of cell types. J Cell Biol 43 : 312-328, 1969.
 
Ito M : Neural design of the cerebellar motor control system. Brain Res 40 : 81-84, 1972.
PubMed
Ito M : The Cerebellum and Neural Control. Raven Press, New York, 1984.
 
Ito M : Long-term depression. Ann Rev Neurosci 12 : 85-102, 1989.
PubMed
Ito M, Sakurai M and Tongroach P : Climbing fibre induced depressions of both mossy fibre responsiveness and glutamate sensitivity of cerebellar Purkinje cells. J Physiol 324 : 113-134, 1982.
PubMed
Ivins JK, Raper JA and Pittman RN : Intracellular calcium levels do not change during contact-mediated collapse of chick DRG growth cone structure. J Neurosci 11 : 1597-1608, 1991.
 
Ivonton R, Brown MC and Holland RL : Stimuli to intramuscular nerve growth. Brain Res 156 : 351-354, 1978.
 
Jacklet JW and Cohen MJ : Nerve regeneration : Correlation of electrical, histological and behavioral events. Science 156 : 1640-1643, 1967.
PubMed
Jacobs M. Choo QL and Thomas C : Vimentin and 70K neurofilament protein co-exist in embryonic neurons from spinal ganglia. J Neurochem 38 : 969-977, 1982.
 
Jacobson M : Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression of Xenopus embryos during formation of central and peripheral neural maps. In : The Making of the Nervous System, Ed by JG Parnavelas, CD Sterm and RV Stirling. Oxford Univ Press, Oxford, pp 128-148, 1988.
 
Jacobson M and Rutishauser U : Induction of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Xenopus embryos. Dev Biol 116 : 524-531. 1986.
PubMed
James KAC, Bray JJ, Morgan JG and Austin L : The effects of colchicine on the transport of axonal proteins in the chicken. Biochem J 117 : 767-771, 1970.
 
Jessen KR and Mirsky R : Nonmyelin-forming Schwann cells coexpress surface proteins and intermediate filaments nor found in myelin-forming cells : a study of Ran-2, A5E3 antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein. J Neurocytol 13 : 923-934, 1984.
 
Jessen KR, Thorpe R and Mirsky R : Mollecular identify, distribution and heterogeneity of glial fibrillary acidic protein : an immunobloting and immunohistochemical study of Schwann cells, satellite cells, enteric glia and astrocytes. J Neurocytol 13 : 187-200, 1984.
 
Johnson LR, Westrum LE, Henry MA and Canfield RC : Toxic ricin demonstrates a dual dental projection. Brain Res 345 : 379-383, 1985.
PubMed
Johnson MH, Maro B and Takeichi M : The role of cell adhesion in the synchronization and orientation of polarization in 8-cell mouse blastomeres. J Embryol Exper Morphol 93 : 239-255, 1986.
 
Jones CW and Pickering BT : Rapid transport and turnover of neurohypophysial hormones in the rat. J Physiol (Lond) 227 : 553-564, 1972.
 
Jones R and Vrbova G : Two factors responsible for the development of denervation hypersensitivity. J Physicl 236 : 517-538, 1974.
 
Jones R and Vyskocil F : An electrophysiological examination of the changes in skeletal muscle fibres in response to degenerating nerve tissue. Brain Res 88 : 309-317, 1975.
PubMed
Joseph BS : Somatofugal events in Wallerian degeneration : a conceptual overview. Brain Res 59 : 1-18. 1973.
PubMed
Joseph J : Changes in nuclear population following twenty-one days degeneration in a nerve consisting of small myelinated fibers. J Anat 82 : 146-152, 1948.
 
Julien JP and Mushynski WE : The distribution of phosphorylation sites among identified proteolytic fragments of mammalian neurofilaments. J Biol Chem 258 : 4019-4025, 1982.
 
Kakiuchi S, Sobue K and Fujita M : Purification of a 240,000 Mr calmodulin-bindig protein from a microsomal fraction of brain. FERS Lett 132 : 144-148, 1981.
 
Kalil K and Perdew M : Expression of two developmentally regulated brain-specific proteins is correlated with late outgrowth of the pyramidal tract. J Neurosci 8 : 4797-4808, 1988.
PubMed
Kalil K and Reh T : A light and electron microscopic study of regrowing pyramidal tract fibers. J Comp Neurol 211 : 265-275, 1982.
 
Kalil K and Skene JH : Elevated synthesis of an axonally transported protein correlates with axonal outgrowth in normal and injured pyramidal tracts. J Neurosci 6 : 2563-2570, 1986.
PubMed
Kanai Y, Takemura R, Oshima T, Mori H, Ihara Y, Yanagisawa M, Masaki T and Hirokawa N : Expression of multiple tau isoforms and microtubule bundle formation in fibroblasts trans fected with a single tau cDNA. J Cell Biel 109 : 1173-1184, 1989.
 
Kandel ER : Cellular Basis of Behavior. WH Freeman, SanFrancisco, 1976.
 
Kandel ER : Cellular insights into behavior and learning. Harvey Lectures 73 : 19-92, 1979.
 
Kandel ER : Calcium and the control of synaptic strength by learning. Nature 293 : 697-700, 1981.
PubMed
Kandel ER : Cellular mechanisms of learning and the biological basis of individuality. In : Principles of Neural Science. Ed by ER Kandel and JH Schwartz. Raven Press, New York, pp 243-255, 1985.
 
Kandel ER : Genes, nerve cells, and the remembrance of things past. J Neuropsychiatr 1 : 103-125, 1989.
 
Kandel ER and Schwartz JH : Molecular biology of an elementary form of learning : modulation of trans mitter release through cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Science 218 : 433-443, 1982.
 
Kandel ER, Schwartz JH and Jessell TM : Principles of Neural Science. 3rd Ed. Elsevier, New York, 1991.
 
Kao CC : Comparison of healing process in transected spinal cords grafted with autogenous brain tissue, sciatic nerve and nodose ganglion. Exper Neurol 44 : 424-439, 1974.
 
Kao CC, Chang LW and Bloodworth JMB jr : Axonal regeneration across transected mammalian spinal cords : An electron microscopic study of delayed nerve grafting. Exper Neurol 54 : 591-615, 1977.
 
Kapeller K and Mayor D : The accumulation of noradrenaline in constricted sympathetic nerves as studied by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Proc Roy Soc Set B 167 : 282-292, 1967.
 
Kapfhammer JP, Grunewald BE and Raper JA : The selective inhibition of growth cone extension by specific neurites in culture. J Neurosci 6 : 2527-2534, 1986.
PubMed
Karlsson J-O, Hansson H-A and Sjostrand J : Effect of colchicine on axonal transport and morphology of retinal ganglion cells. Z Zellforsch 115 : 265-283, 1971.
PubMed
Karlsson J-O and Sjostrand J : Transport of labelled protein in the optic nerve and tract of the rabbit. Brain Res 11 : 431-439, 1968.
PubMed
Karlsson J-O and Sjostrand J : The effect of colchicine on the axonal transport of protein in the optic nerve and tract of the rabbit. Brain Res 13 : 617-619, 1969.
PubMed
Karlsson J-O and Sjostrand J : Synthesis, migration and turnover of protein in retinal ganglion cells. J Neurochem 18 : 749-767, 1971.
PubMed
Karlsson J-O and Sjostrand J : Transport of microtubular protein in axons of retinal ganglion cells. J Neurochem 18 : 975-982, 1971.
PubMed
Karlsson J-O and Sjostrand J : Rapid intracellular transport of fucose-containing glycoproteins in retinal ganglion cells. J Neurochem 18 : 2209-2216, 1971.
PubMed
Kater SB Mattson MP, Cohan C and Connor J : Calcium regulation of the neuronal growth cone. Trends Neurosci 11 : 317-323, 1988.
 
Katsumaru H, Murakami F and Tsukahara N : Actin filaments in dendritic spines of red nucleus demonstrated by immunoferritin localization and heavy meromyosin binding. Biomed Res 3 : 337-340, 1982.
 
Katz LC, Burkhalter A and Dreyer WJ : Fluorescent latex microspheres as a retrograde neuronalmarker for in vivo and in vitro studies of visual cortex. Nature 310 : 498-500, 1984.
 
Kawaguchi S, Miyata H and Kato N : Regeneration of the cerebellofugal projection after transection of the superior cerebellar peduncle in kittens : morphological and electrophysiological studies. J Comp Neurol 245 : 258-273, 1986.
PubMed
Kawana E, Sandri C and Akert K : Ultrastructure of growth cones in the cerebellar cortex of the neonatal rat and cat. Z Zellforsch 115 : 284-298, 1971.
PubMed
Kawato M, Hamaguchi T, Murakami F and Tsukahara N : Quantitative analysis of electrical properties of dendritic spines. Biel Cybern 50 : 447-454, 1984.
 
Kelly JP and Cowan WM : Studies on the development of the chick optic tectum. III. Effects of early eye removal. Brain Res 42 : 263-288, 1972.
 
Kerns JM and Hinsman EJ : Neuroglial response to sciatic neurectomy. I. Light microscopy and autoradiography. J Comp Neural 151 : 237-254, 1973.
 
Kerns JM and Hinsman EJ : Neuroglial response to sciatic neurectomy. II. Electron microscopy. J Comp Neurol 151 : 255-280, 1973.
PubMed
Key B and Giorgi PP : Uptake and axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase isoenzymes by different neuronal types. Neuroscience 22 : 1135-1144, 1987.
PubMed
Kim JR, Alvarez-Buylla A and Nottebohm F : Production and survival of projection neurons ina forebrain vocal center of adult male canaries. J Neurosci 11 : 1756 1762, 1991.
 
Kirkpatrick JB : Chromatolysis in the hypoglossal nucleus of the rat : an electron microscopic analysis. J Comp Neurol 132 : 189-211, 1968.
 
Kirkpatrick JB, Bary JJ and Palmer SM : Visualization of axoplasmic flow in vitro by Nomarski microscopy. Comparison to rapid flow of radioactive proteins. Brain Res 43 : 1-10, 1972.
 
Kirschner MW : Implications of treadmilling for the stability and polarity of actin and tubulin polymers in vivo. J Cell Biol 86 : 330-334, 1980.
PubMed
Kirschner MW and Mitchison T : Microtubule dynamics. Nature 324 : 621, 1986.
PubMed
Kirschner MW and Mitchison T : Beyond selfassembly : From microtubules to morphogenesis. Cell 45 : 329-342, 1986.
 
Klatzko I and Miquel J : Observations on pinocytosis in nervous tissue. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 19 : 475-487, 1960.
 
Klein M, Shapiro E and Kandel ER : Synaptic plasticity and the modulation of the Ca++ current. J Exper Biel 89 : 117-157. 1980.
 
Kleinbeckel D and Schulte R : Influence of temperature on speed of nerve regeneration and on the quality of reestablished muscle function in frogs. Monogr Dev Biol 21 : 84-88, 1988.
 
Koda LY and Partlow LM : Membrane marker movement on sympathetic axons in tissue culture. J Neurobiol 7 : 157-172, 1976.
PubMed
Koelliker RA : Zur feineren Anatomie des centralen Nervensystems. Z wiss Zool 49 : 663-689, 1890.
 
Koenig H : The synthesis and peripheral flow of axoplasm. Trans Amer Neurol Ass 83 : 162-164, 1958.
 
Koenig HL, DiGiamberardino L and Bennett G : Renewal of proteins and glycoproteins of synaptic constituents by means of axonal transport. Brain Res 62 : 413-417, 1973.
 
Koles ZJ, McLeod KD and Smith RS : A study of the motion of organelles which undergo retrograde and anterograde rapid axonal transport in Xenopus. J Physiol 328 : 469-484, 1982.
PubMed
Konorski J : Conditioned Reflexes and Neuron Organization. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1948.
 
Konorski J : Mechanisms of learning. Symp Soc Exper Biol 4 : 409-431, 1950.
 
Korn ED, Carlier M-F and Pantaloni D : Actin polymerization and ATP hydrolysis. Science 238 : 638-644, 1987.
PubMed
Korn ED and Hammer JA : Myosins of nonmuscle cells. Ann Rev Biophys Biophys Chem 17 : 23-45, 1988.
 
Korr IM, Wilkinson PN and Chornock FW : Axonal delivery of neuroplasmic components to muscle cells. Science 155 : 342-346, 1967.
PubMed
Kosik KS, Joachim CL and Selkoe DJ : Microtubule-associated protein tau (T) is a major antigenic component of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 : 4044-4048, 1986.
 
Kotani S. Nishida E, Kumagai H and Sakai H : Calmodulin inhibits interaction of actin with MAP2 and Tau, two major microtubule-associated proteins. J Biol Chem 260 : 10779-10783, 1985.
PubMed
Kreutzberg GW : Neuronal dynamics and axonal flow. IV. Blockage of intra-axonal enzyme transport by colchicine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 62 : 722-728, 1969.
PubMed
Krishman N, Kaiserman-Abramof IR and Lasek RJ : Helical substructure of neurofilaments isolated from Myxicola and squid giant axons. J Cell Biol 82 : 323-335, 1979.
 
Krishman N and Singer M : Penetration of peroxidase into peripheral nerve fibers. Amer J Anat 136 : 1-14, 1973.
 
Kristensson K : Transport of fluorescent protein tracer in peripheral nerves. Acta Neuropathol 16 : 293-300, 1970.
PubMed
Kristensson K : Retrograde axonal transport of protein tracers. In : The Use of Axonal Transport for Studies of Neuronal Connectivity. Ed by WMCowan and M Cuenod. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 1975.
 
Kristensson K : Retrograde transport of macromolecules in axons. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 18 : 97-110, 1978.
 
Kristensson K : Retrograde signaling after nerve injury. In : Axomal Transport in Neuronal Growth and Regeneration. Ed by JS Elam and P Cancalon. Plenum, New York, pp31-43, 1984.
 
Kristensson K, Ghetti B and Wisniewski HM : Study on the propagation of Herpes simplex virus (type2) into the brain after intraocular injection. Brain Res 79 : 189-201, 1974.
 
Kristensson K, Nenmesmo I, Persson L and Lycke E : Neuron to neuron transmission of herpes simplex virus. Transport of virus from skin to brain stem nuclei. J Neurol Sci 35 : 331-340, 1978.
 
Kristensson K and Olsson Y : Uptake and retrograde axonal transport of peroxidase in hypoglossal neurons. Acta Neuropathol 19 : 1-9, 1971.
 
Kristensson K and Olsson Y : Retrograde axonal transport of protein. Brain Res 29 : 363-365, 1971.
PubMed
Kristensson K and Olsson Y : Uptake and retrograde axonal transport of protein tracers in hypoglossal neurons. Acta Neuropathol 23 : 43-47, 1973.
PubMed
Kristensson K and Olsson Y : Diffusion pathways and retrograde axonal transport of protein tracers in peripheral nerves. In : Progress in Neurobiology. Ed by GA Kerkut and JW Phillis. Pergamon Press, New York, Vol 1, Part 2, pp 85-109, 1973.
 
Kristensson K and Olsson Y : Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in transected axons. I. Time relationship between transport and induction of chromatolysis. Brain Res 79 : 101-109, 1974.
PubMed
Kristensson K and Olsson Y : Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in transected axons. II. Relations between rate of transfer from the site of injury to the perikaryon and onset of chromatolysis. J Neurocytol 4 : 653-661, 1975.
 
Kristensson K and Olsson Y : Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in transected axons. III. Entry into injured axons and subsequent localization in perikaryon. Brain Res 115 : 201-213, 1976.
 
Kristensson K, Olsson Y and Sjostrand J : Axonal uptake and retrograde transport of exogenous proteins in the hypoglossal nerve. Brain Res 32 : 399-406, 1971.
PubMed
Kromer LF, Bjorklund A and Stenevi U : Regeneration of the septohippocampal pathways in adult rats is promoted by utilizing embryonic hippocampal implants as bridges. Brain Res 210 : 173-200, 1980.
 
Krotoski D, Domingo C and Bronner Fraser M Distribution of a putative cell surface receptor for fibronectin and laminin in the avian embryo. J Cell Biol 103 : 1061-1071, 1986.
PubMed
Krystosek A : Neurite formation by neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells (NG 108-15) in defined medium : stochastic initiation with persistence of differential functions. J Cell Physiol 125 : 319-329, 1985.
 
Krystosek A and Seeds NW : Plasminogen activator secretion by granule neurons in cultures of developing cerebellum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78 : 7810-7814, 1981.
PubMed
Kucera P, Dylivo M, Coulon P and Flamand A Pathways of the early progression of virulent and avirulent rabies strains from the eye to the brain. J Viral 55 : 158-162, 1985.
 
Kumagai K, Ushiki T, Tohyama K, Arakawa M and Idec : Regenerating axons and their growth cones observed by scanning elecron microscopy. J Elec Micr 39 : 108-114, 1990.
 
Kuno M : Preface. In : Neural Growth and Plasticity. Ed by M Kuno. Jap Sci Sue Press, Tokyo, 1985.
 
LaBate ME and Skene JHP : Selective conservation of GAP-43 structure in vertebrate evolution. Neuron 3 : 299-310, 1989.
 
Lajtha A : Observations on protein catabolism in brain. In : Regional Neurochemistry. Ed by SS Kety and J Elkes. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 25-36, 1961.
 
Lajtha A : Protein metabolism in nerve. In : Chemical Pathology of the Nervous System. Ed by J Folci-Pi. Proc III hot Neurochem Symp. Pergamon Press, London, pp 268-276, 1961.
 
Lamperth L, Manuelidis L and Webster H deF : Non-myelin-forming perineuronal Schwann cells in rat trigeminal ganglia express P0 myelin glycoprotein mRNA during postnatal development. Molecular Brain Res 5 : 177-181, 1989.
 
Lander AD : Molecules that make axons grow. Molec Neurobiol 1 : 213-245, 1987.
 
Landis DMD, Hall AK, Weinstein LA and Reese TS : The organization of cytoplasm at the presynaptic active zone of a central nervous system synapse. Neuron 1 : 201-209, 1988.
 
Landis DMD and Reese TS : Cytoplasmic organization in cerebellar dendritic spines. J Cell Biol 97 : 1169-1178, 1983.
 
Langford GM, Allen RD and Weiss DG : Substructure of sidearms on squid axoplasmic vesicles and microtubules visualized by negative contrast electron microscopy. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 7 : 20-30, 1987.
 
Lasek RJ : Protein transport in neurons. Int Rev Neurobiol 13 : 289-321, 1970.
 
Lasek RJ : Translocation of the cytoskeleton in neurons and axonal locomotion. Phil Trans Roy Soc, London, SerB 229 : 313-327, 1982.
 
Lasek RJ : Polymer sliding in axons. J Cell Sci, Suppl 5 : 161-179, 1986.
PubMed
Lasek RJ, Garner JA and Brady ST : Axonal transport of the cytoplasmic matrix. J Cell Biol 99 : 212-221, 1984.
 
Lasek RJ and Hoffman PN : The neuronal cytoskeleton, axonal transport and axonal growth. Cold Spring Harbor Conf. Cell Proliferation 3 : 1021-1049, 1976.
 
Lasek RJ, Krishnan N and Kaiserman-Abramof IR : Identification of the subunit proteins of 10nm neurofilaments isolated from axoplasm of squid and Myxicola giant axons. J Cell Biol 82 : 336-346, 1979.
PubMed
Lasek RJ, Phillips L, Katz MJ, Autilio-Gambetti L : Function and evolution of neurofilament proteins. Ann NY Acad Sci 455 : 462-478, 1985.
PubMed
Lassek AM and Perry JH : Retrograde degeneration. Effect of hemisections on the axons of the fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus in the newborn cat. J Comp Neurol 81 : 270-284, 1944.
 
Lassmann H, Ammerer HP, Jurecka W and Kulnig W : Ultrastructural sequence of myelin degeneration. II Wallerian degeneration in the rat femoral nerve. Acta Neuropathol 44 : 103-109, 1978.
PubMed
Laurie GW, Leblond CP and Martin GR : Intracellular localization of basement membrane precursors in the endodermal cells of the rat parietal yolk sac. II. Immunostaining for type IV collagen and its precursors. J Histochem Cytochem 30 : 983-990, 1982.
PubMed
Laurie GW, Leblond CP and Martin GP : Localization of type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and fibronectin to the basal lamina of basement membrane. J Cell Biol 95 : 340-344, 1982.
 
Laurie GW, Leblond CP, Martin GP and Silver MH : Intracellular locolization of basement membrane precursors in the endodermal cells of the rat parietal yolk sac. III Immunostaining for laminin and its precursors. J Histochem Cytochem 30 : 991-998, 1982.
 
LaVail JH : The retrograde transport method. Fed Proc 34 : 1618-1624, 1975.
PubMed
La Vail JH and Cowan WM : The development of the chick optic tectum. I. Normal morphology and cytoarchitectonic development. Brain Res 28 : 391-419, 1971.
PubMed
La Vail JH and Cowan WM : The development of the chick optic tectum. II. Autoradiographic studies. Brain Res 28 : 421-441, 1971.
PubMed
La Vail JH and LaVail MM : Retrograde axonal transport in the central nervous system. Science 176 : 1416-1417, 1972.
PubMed
La Vail JH and LaVail MM : The retrograde intraaxonal transport of horseradish peroxidase in the chick visual system. A light and electron microscopic study. J Comp Neurol 157 : 303-358, 1974.
PubMed
La Vail JH, Winston KR and Tish A : A method based on retrograde intraaxonal transport of protein for identification of cell bodies of origin of axons terminating within the CNS. Brain Res 58 : 470-477, 1973.
PubMed
La Velle A : Levels of maturation and reactions to injury during neuronal development. Prog Brain Res 40 : 161-166, 1973.
 
La Velle A and LaVelle FW : The nucleolar apparatus and neuronal reactivity to injury during development. J Exper Zool 137 : 285-316, 1958.
 
Lazarides E and Nelson WJ : Erythrocyte and brain forms of spectrin in cerebellum : Distinct membrane-cytoskeletal domains in neurons. Science 222 : 931-933, 1983.
 
LeBeau JM, Tedeschi B and Walter G : Increased expression of pp 60 c-src protein-tyrosine kinase during peripheral nerve regeneration. J Neurosci Res 28 : 299-309, 1991.
 
LeBeux YJ : An ultrastructural study of the synaptic densities, nematosomes, neurotubules, neurofilaments and of a torture three-dimensional filamentous network as disclosed by the E-PTA staining procedure. Z Zellforsch 143 : 239-272, 1973.
 
Leblond CP and Inoue S : Structure, composition, and assembly of basement membrane. Amer J Anat 185 : 367-390, 1989.
PubMed
Lee G, Cowan N and Kirschner MW : The primary structure and heterogeneity of tau from mouse brain. Science 239 : 285-287, 1988.
 
Lee JCY : Electron microscopy of Wallerian degeneration. J Comp Neurol 120 : 65-79, 1963.
 
Lee VM-Y, Carden MJ, Schlaepfer WW and Trojanowski JQ : Monoclonal antibodies distinguish several differentially phosphorylated states of the two largest rat neurofilament subunits (NF-H and NF-M) and demonstrate their existence in the normal nervous system of adult rats. J Neurosci 7 : 3474-3488, 1987.
 
Leeuwenhoek A : Letter written to publisher-concerning observations by him made of carneous fibers of a muscle and the cortical and medullar part of the brain. Phil Trans 136 : 899, 1677.
 
Legendre R : La survie des organs et la "culture" des tissues vivants. Nature 40 : 359-363, 1912.
 
Leifer D, Lipton SA, Barnstable CJ and Masland RH : Monoclonal antibody of Thy-1 enhances regeneration of processes by rat retinal ganglion cells in culture. Science 224 : 303-306, 1984.
PubMed
Lemke G : Unwrapping the genes of myelin. Neuron 1 : 535-543, 1988.
PubMed
Lemke GE and Brockes JP : Identification and purification of glial growth factor. J Neurosci 4 : 75-83, 1984.
PubMed
Lenhossek M von : Zur Kenntnis der ersten Entstehung der Nervenzellen and Nervenfasern beim Vogelembryo. Verh X. Internat Med Congr., Berlin 1890 2 : 115-129, 1891.
 
Leong SK and Tan CK : Central projection of rat sciatic nerve fibres as revealed by Ricinus communis agglutinin and horseradish peroxidase tracers. J Anat 154 : 15-26, 1987.
PubMed
Letourneau PC : Possible roles for cell-to-substratum adhesion in neuronal morphogenesis. Dev Biol 44 : 77-91, 1975.
PubMed
Letourneau PC : Cell-to-substratum adhesion and guidance of axonal elongation. Dev Biol 44 : 92-101. 1975.
PubMed
Letourneau PC : Cell-to-substratum adhesion and guidance of axonal elongation. Exper Cell Res 124 : 127-138. 1979.
 
Letourneau PC : Immunocytoehemical evidence for colocalization in neurite growth cones of actin and myosin and their relationship to cell substatum adhesions. Dev Biel 85 : 113-122, 1981.
 
Letourneau PC : Nerve fiber growth and its regulation by extrinsic factors. In : Neuronal Development. Ed by NC Spitzer. Plenum Press, New York, pp 213-254, 1982.
 
Letourneau PC : Differences in the organization of actin in the growth cones compared with the neurites of cultured neurons from chick embryos. J Cell Biol 97 : 963-973, 1983.
PubMed
Letourneau PC, Madsen AM, Palm SL and Furcht LT : Immunoreactivity for laminin in the developing ventral longitudinal pathway of the brain. Dev Biel 125 : 135-144, 1988.
 
Letourneau PC, Pech IV, Roger SL, Palm SL, McCarthy JB and Furcht LT : Growth cone migration across extracellular matrix components depends on integrin, but migration across glioma cells does not. J Neurosci Res 21 : 286-297, 1988.
 
Letourneau PC and Ressler All : Inhibition of neurite initiation and growth by taxol. J Cell Biol 98 : 1355-1362, 1984.
PubMed
Letterier JF, Liem RK and Shelanski M : Interactions between neurofilaments and microtubule-associated proteins. A possible mechanism for inter-organellar bridging. J Cell Biol 95 : 982-986, 1982.
 
Levi G and Meyer H : Reactive, regressive and regenerative processes of neurons, cultivated in vitro and injured with a micromanipulator. J Exper Zool 99 : 141-181, 1945.
 
Levi-Montalcini R : Growth and differentiation in the nervous system. In : The Nature of Biological Diversity. Ed by JM Allen. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 261-295, 1964.
 
Levi-Montalcini R : The nerve growth factor. Ann NY Acad See 118 : 149-168, 1964.
 
Levi-Montalcini R : Morphological and metabolic effects of the nerve growth factor. Arch Biel (Liege) 76 : 387-414, 1965.
 
Levi-Montalcini R and Angeletti PU : Growth control of the sympathetic system by a specific protein factor. Quar Rev Biol 36 : 99-108, 1961.
 
Levi-Montalcini R and Angeletti PU : Essential role of the nerve growth factor in the survival and maintenance of dissociated sensory and sympathetic embryonic nerve cells in vitro. Dev Biol 7 : 653-659, 1963.
 
Levi-Montalcini R and Cohen S : Effects of the extract of the mouse submaxillary salivary glands on the sympathetic system of mammals. Ann NY Acad Sci 85 : 324-341, 1960.
PubMed
Levi-Montalcini R and Hamburger V : Selective growth stimulating effects of mouse sarcoma on the sensory and sympathetic nervous system of the chick embryo. J Zool (Lond) 116 : 321-362, 1951.
 
Levi-Montalcini R, Meyer H and Hamburger V : In vitro experiments on the effects of mouse sarcomas 180 and 37 on the spinal and sympathetic ganglia of the chick embryo. Cancer Res 14 : 49-57, 1954.
PubMed
Levine J and Willard M : Fodrin axonally transported polypeptides associated with the internal periphery of many cells. J Cell Biol 90 : 631-643, 1981.
 
Lewis MR and Lewis WH : The cultivation of tissues from chick embryos in solutions of NaCl, CaCl2, KCl and NaHCO3. Anat Rec 5 : 277-293, 1911.
 
Lewis MR and Lewis WH : The cultivation of chick tissues in media of known chemical constitution. Anat Rec 6 : 207-211, 1912.
 
Lewis SA and Cowan NJ : Genetics, evolution, and expression of the 68,000 mol. wt. neurofilament protein : Isolation of a cloned cDNA probe. J Cell Biol 100 : 843-850, 1985.
PubMed
Lewis SA and Cowan NJ : Anomalous placement of introits in a member of the intermediate filament multigene family : An evolutionary conundrum. Mol Cell Biol 6 : 1529-1534. 1986.
 
Lewis WH : Pinocytosis. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 49 : 17-26, 1931.
 
Lieberman AR : Absence of ultrastructural changes in ganglionic neurons after supranodose vagotomy. J Anat 104 : 49-54, 1968.
 
Lieberman AR : Light and electron microscope observations on the Golgi apparatus of normal and axotomised primary sensory neurons. J Anat 104 : 49-54, 1969.
 
Lieberman AR : The axon reaction. A review of the principle features of perikaryal response to axon injury. In : Intern Rev Neurobiol. Ed by CC Pfeiffer and JR Smythies. Academic Press, New York, Vol 14, pp 49-124, 1971.
 
Lieberman AR : The axon reaction. A review of the principle features of perikaryal responses to axon injury. Intern Rev Neurobiol 14 : 49-124, 1971.
 
Lieberman AR : Some factors affecting retrograde neuronal responses to axonal lesions. In : Essays on the Nervous System. Ed by R Bellairs and EG Gray. Oxford University Press, London, pp 71-105, 1974.
 
Liem RKII, Yen S-Il, Solomon GE and Shelanski ML : Intermediate filaments in nervous tissues. J Cell Biol 79 : 637-645, 1978.
 
Liesi P : Do neurons in the vertebrate CNS migrate on laminin? EMBO J 4 : 1163-1170, 1985.
PubMed
Liesi P : Laminin-immunoreactive glia distinguish regenerative adult CNS systems from nonregenerative ones. EMBO J 4 : 2505-2511, 1985.
PubMed
Lim R : Glia maturation factor and other factors acting on glia. In : Growth and Maturation Factors. Ed by G. Guroff. John Wiley and Sons. New York, Vol 3, pp 119-147, 1985.
 
Lim R, Miller JF and Zaheer A : Purification and characterization of glia maturation factor beta ; a growth regulator for neurons and glia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 : 3901-3905, 1989.
PubMed
Lin JJC, Feramisco JR, Blose SH and Matsumura F : Monoclonal antibodies to cytoskeletal proteins. In : Monoclonal Antibodies and Functional Cell Lines. Ed by RH Kennett, KB Bechtel and TJ McKearn. Plenum, New York, 1984.
 
Lindner J, Guenther J, Nick H, Zinser G, Antonicek H, Schachner M and Monard D : Modulation of granule cell migration by a glia-derived protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 : 4568-4571, 1986.
PubMed
Lindner J, Rathjen FG and Schachner M : L1 mono- and polyclonal antibodies modify cell migration in early postnatal mouse cerebellum. Nature 305 : 427-430, 1983.
PubMed
Lindsay HA and Barr ML : Further observations on the behaviour of nuclear structures during depletion and restoration of Nissl substance. J Anat 89 : 47-63, 1955.
 
Ling EA : The origin and nature of microglia. In : Advances in Cellular Neurobiology. Ed by S Fedoroff and L Herts. Academic Press, New York, Vol 2, pp 33-82, 1981.
 
Ling EA and Leong SK : Effects of intraneural injection of Ricinus communis agglutinin-60 into the rat vagus nerve. J Neurocytol 16 : 373-387, 1987.
PubMed
Ling EA and Leong SK : Infiltration of carbon-labelled monocytes into the dorsal motor mucleus following an intraneural injection of ricinus communis agglutinin-60 into the vagus nerve in rats. J Anat 159 : 207-218, 1988.
 
Ling EA, Wen CY, Shieh JY, Yick TY and Leong SK : Neuroglial response to neuron injury. A study using intraneural injection of ricinus communis agglutinin-60. J Anat 164 : 201-213, 1989.
PubMed
Ling EA, Wong WC, Yick TY and Leong SK : Ultrastructural changes in the dorsal motor nucleus of monkey following bilateral cervical vagotomy. J Neurocytol 15 : 1-15, 1986.
PubMed
Linnemann D, Edvardsen D and Bock E : Developmental study of the cell adhesion molecule L1. Dev Neurosci 10 : 34-42, 1988.
 
Lisanti MP, Shapiro LS, Moskowits N, Hua EL, Puszkin S and Schook W : Isolation and prelimi-nary characterization of clathrin-associated proteins. Eur J Biochem 125 : 463-470, 1982.
 
Liu CM and Chambers WW : Intraspinal sprouting of dorsal root axons. Arch Neurol Psychiat 79 : 46-61, 1958.
 
Liu Y and Storm DR : Dephosphory-lation of neuromodulin by calcineurin. J Biol Chem 264 : 12800-12804, 1989.
 
Livett BG, Geffen LB and Austin L : Proximodistal transport of 14C noradrenaline and protein in sympathetic nerves. J Neurochem 15 : 931-939, 1968.
PubMed
Llinas RT, McGuinness TL, Leonard CS, Sugimori M and Greenland P : Intraterminal injection of synapsin I or calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II alters neurotransmitter release at the squid giant synapse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 : 3035-3039, 1985.
PubMed
Lockerbie RO : The neuronal growth cone : A review of its locomotory navigational and target recognition capabilities. Neuroscience 20 : 719-729, 1987.
 
Lockerbie RO : Biochemical pharmacology of isolated neuronal growth cones : implications for synaptogenesis. Brain Res Rev 15 : 145-165, 1990.
PubMed
Lockerbie RO, Gordon-Weeks PR and Pearce BR Growth cones isolated from developing rat forebrain : uptake and release of GABA and noradrenaline. Dev Brain Res 21 : 265-275, 1985.
 
Loeb L : Uber das Wachstum des Epithels. Arch Entw Mech Organ 13 : 487-506, 1902.
 
Lubinska L : Axoplasmic streaming in regenerating and in normal nerve fibers. Prog Brain Res. Ed by Singer M and Schade LP, Vol. 13, p. 1-66. Elsevier Publ Cc Amsterdam, 1964.
 
Lubinska L : Patterns of Wallerian degeneration of myelinated fibres in short and long peripheral stumps and in isolated segments of rat phrenic nerve. Interpretation of the role of axoplasmic flow of the trophic factor. Brain Res 233 : 227-240, 1982.
 
Lubinska L and Niemierko S : Velocity and intensity of bidirectinal migration of acetylcholinesterase in transected nerves. Brain Res 27 : 329-342, 1971.
 
Lubinska L and Olekiewicz M : The rate of regeneration of amphibian peripheral nerves at different temperatures. Acta Biol Exper 15 : 125-145, 1950.
 
Lugaro E : Sulle funzioni della nevroglia. Riv Pat Nerv Ment 12 : 225-233, 1907.
 
Lund RD : Development and Plasticity of the Brain. Oxford University Press, New York, 1978.
 
Lunn ER, Perry VH, Brown MC, Rosen H and Gordon S : Absence of Wallerian degeneration does not hinder regeneratin in peripheral nerve. Eur J Neurosci 1 : 27-33, 1989.
 
Lycke E, Kristensson K, Svennerholm B, Vahlne A and Ziegler R : Uptake and transport of Herpes simplex virus in neurites of rat dorsal root ganglia cells in culture. J Gen Virol 65 : 55-64, 1984.
PubMed
Lycke E and Tsiang H : Rabies virus infection of cultured rat sensory neurons. J Virol 61 : 2733-2741, 1987.
PubMed
Lynch G and Baudry M : Rapid structural modification in rat hippocampus : evidence for its occurrence and a hypothesis concerning how it is produced. In : Changing Concepts of the Nervous System. Ed by AR Morrison and PL Strick. Academic Press pp 21-31, 1982.
 
Lynch G and Baudry M : Brain spectrin, calpain and long-term changes in synaptic efficacy. Brain Res Bull 18 : 809-815, 1987.
PubMed
Lynch G, Deadwyler S and Cotman CV V : Postlesion axonal growth produces permanent functional connections. Science 180 : 1364-1366, 1973.
 
Lynch G, Mosko S, Parks T and Cotman CW : Relocation and hyperdevelopment of the dentate gyrus commissural system after entorhinal lesions in immature rats. Brain Res 50 : 174-178, 1973.
PubMed
Lynch G and Schubert P : The use of in vitro brain slices for multidisciplinary studies of synaptic function. Ann Rev Neurosci 3 : 1-22, 1980.
PubMed
Lynch G, Stanfield B and Cotman CW : Developmental differences in post-lesion axonal growth in the hippocampus. Brain Res 59 : 155-168, 1973.
PubMed
Lynch G, Stanfield B, Parks T and Cotman CW : Evidence for selective postlesion axonal growth in the dentate gyrus of the rat. Brain Res 69 : 1-11, 1974.
PubMed
Madison DV, Malenka RA and Nicoll RA : Mechanisms underlying long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission. Ann Rev Neurosci 14 : 379-397, 1991.
 
Madrid RE, Jaros E, Cullen MJ and Bradley WG : Genetically determined defect of Schwann cell basement membrane in dystrophic mouse. Nature 257 : 319-321, 1975.
PubMed
Madsen AM, Palm S, Furcht LT and Letourneau P : Distribution of laminin and collagen type IV during early axonal growth in the mouse CNS. Soc Neurosci Abstr 12 : 1210, 1986.
 
Malhotra SK : The cytoplasmic inclusions of the neurones of crustacea. Quart J Micr Sci 101 : 75-93, 1960.
 
Malmgren L, Olsson Y, Olsson T and Kristensson K : Uptake and retrograde axonal transport of various exogenous macromolecules in normal and crushed hypoglossal nerves. Brain Res 153 : 477-493, 1978.
PubMed
Mansour H, Bignami A, Labkovsky B and Dahl D : Neurofilament phosphorylation in neuronal perikarya following axotomy : a study of rat spinal cord with ventral and dorsal root transection. J Comp Neurol 283 : 481-485, 1989.
PubMed
Marchi V e Algeri C : Sulla degenerazioni discendenti consecutive a lesioni sperimentali in diverse zone delta corteccia cerebrale. Riv Sper Freniatria Med Legal 11 : 492-494 e 12 : 208-252, 1885 e 1886.
 
Marchisio PC and Sjostrand J : Radioautographic evidence for protein transport along the optic pathway of early chick embryos. I Neurocytol 1 : 101-108, 1972.
PubMed
Marchisio PC, Sjostrand J, Aglietta M and Karlsson J-O : The development of axonal transport of proteins and glycoproteins in the optic pathway of chick embryos. Brain Res 63 : 273-284, 1973.
PubMed
Marinesco G : Plasticity et amiboisme des cellules des ganglions sensitifs. Rev Neurologique. No 21, 15, Nov. 1907, 1-17.
 
Marinesco G : La Cellule Nerveuse. O. Doin, Paris, 1909.
 
Marinesco G et Minea J : La culture des ganglions spinaux des mammiferes in vitro. Contribution a l'etude de Is neurogenese. Rev Neurol 24 : 469-482, 1912.
 
Marinesco G et Minea J : Culture des ganglions spinaux des mammiferes (in vitro). Suivant le procydy de M. Carrel. Acad Nat Med Paris. Bull Ser 3, 68 : 37-40, 1912.
 
Marinesco G et Mines J : Culture des ganglions spinaux des mammiferes 'in vitro' suivant la methode de Harrison et Montrose T Burrows. Compt Rend Soc Biol 73 : 346-348, 1912.
 
Marinesco G et Minea J : Croissance des fibres nerveuses dans le milieu de culture, in vitro, des ganglions spinaux. Compt Rend Soc Biol 73 : 668-670, 1912.
 
Marko P and Cuenod M : Contribution of the nerve cell body to renewal of axonal and synaptic glycoproteins in the pigeon visual system. Brain Res 62 : 419-423, 1973.
PubMed
Marler P and Waser MS : Role of auditory feedback in canary song development. J Comp Physiol Psychol 91 : 8-16, 1977.
PubMed
Marr D : A theory of cerebellar cortex. J Physiol 202 : 437-470, 1969.
PubMed
Martin GR and Timpl R : Laminin and other basement membrane components. Cell Biol 3 : 57-85, 1987.
PubMed
Martini R, Bollensen E and Schachner M : Immunocytological localization of the major peripheral nervous system glycoprotein Po and the L2/ HNK-1 and L3 carbohydrate structures in developing and adult mouse sciatic nerve. Dev Bird 129 : 330-338, 1988.
 
Martini R and Schachner M : Immunoelectron microscopic localization of neural cell adhesion molecules (LI, N-CAM, and MAG) and their shared carbohydrate epitope and myelin basic protein in devoloping sciatic nerve. J Cell Biol 103 : 2439-2448, 1986.
 
Martini R and Schachner M : Immuno-electron microscopic localization of neural cell adhesion molecules (LI, N-CAM, and myelin-associated glycoprotein) in regenerating adult mouse static nerve. J Cell Biol 106 : 1735-1746, 1988.
 
Martini R, Schachner M and Faissner A : Enhanced expression of the extracellular matrix molecule JI/tenascin in the regenerating adult mouse sciatic nerve. J Neurocytol 19 : 601-616, 1990.
 
Masuda-Nakagawa LM, Muller KJ and Nicholls JG : Accumulation of laminin and microglial cell at sites of injury and regeneration in the central nervous system. Proc Roy Soc Lond Ser B 241 : 201-206, 1990.
 
Masuda-Nakagawa LM and Nicholls JG : Extracellular matrix molecules in development and regeneration of the leech CNS. Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond Ser B 331 : 323-335, 1991.
 
Mateu L and Moran O : Reversible changes in myelin structure and electrical activity during anesthesia in vivo. Biochem Biophys Acta 862 : 17-26, 1986.
 
Matsumoto T : The granules, vacuoles and mito-chondria in the sympathetic nerve-fibers cultivated in vitro. Johns Hopkins hasp Bull 31 : 91-93, 1920.
 
Matsunaga M, Hatta K and Takeichi M : Role of N -cadherin cell adhesion molecules in the his-togenesis of neural retina. Neuron 1 : 289-295, 1988.
 
Matthews MR and Raisman G : A light and electron microscopic study of the cellular response to axonal injury in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat. Proc Roy Sue, Ser B, 181 : 43-79, 1972.
 
Mattson MP and Kater SB : Calcium regulation of neurite elongation and growth cone motility. J Neurosci 7 : 4034-4043, 1987.
PubMed
Matus A : Stiff microtubules and neuronal morphology. Trends Neurosci 17 : 19-22, 1994.
 
Matus A, Ackermann M, Pehling G, Byers HR and Fujiwara K : High actin concentration in brain dendritic spines and postsynaptic densities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 : 7590-7594, 1982.
PubMed
Matus A, Huber G and Bernhardt R : Neuronal microdifferentiation. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 148 : 775-782, 1983.
 
McCasland JS and Konishi M : Interaction between auditory and motor activities in an avian song control nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78 : 7815-7819, 1981.
 
McCouch GP, Austin GM, Liu C-N and Liu CY : Sprouting as a cause of spasticity. J Neurophysiol 21 : 205-216, 1958.
 
McIntosh JR and Euteneuer U : Tubulin hooks as probes for microtubule polarity an analysis of the method and evaluation of data on microtubule polarity in the mitotic spindle. J Cell Biol 98 : 525-533, 1984.
PubMed
McLoon LK and La Velle A : Long-term effects of regeneration and prevention of regeneration on nucleolar morphology after facial nerve injury during development. Exper Neurol 73 : 762-774, 1981.
 
McLoon SC, McLoon LK, Palm SL and Furcht LT : Laminin is transiently expressed in the developing rat optic nerve during the time retinal axon are growing. Soc Neurosci Abstr 12 : 1211, 1986.
 
McQuarrie IG : Effect of a conditioning lesion on axonal sprout formation of nodes of Ranvier. J Comp Neurol 231 : 239-249, 1985.
PubMed
McQuarrie IG, Brady ST and Lasek RJ : Diversity in the axonal transport of structural proteins major differences between optic and spinal axons in the rat. J Neurosci 6 : 1593-1605, 1986.
 
Meiri KF, Bickerstaff LE and Schwob JE : Monoclonal antibodies show that kinase C phosphorylation of GAP-43 during axogenesis is both spatially and temporally restricted in vivo. J Cell Biol 112 : 991-1005, 1991.
 
Meiri KF and Gordon-Weeks PR : GAP-43 in growth cones is associated with areas of membrane that are tightly bound to substrate and in a component of a membrane skeleton subcellular fraction. J Neurosci 10 : 256-266, 1990.
 
Meiri KF, Johnson MI and Willard M : Distribution and phosphorylation of the growth associated protein GAP 43 in regenerating sympathetic neurons in culture. J Neurosci 8 : 2571-2581, 1988.
PubMed
Meiri KF, Pfenninger KH and Willard MB : Growth-associated protein, GAP-43, a polypeptide that is induced when neurons extend axons, is a component of growth cones and corresponds to pp 46, a major polypeptide of a subcellular fraction enriched in growth cones. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 : 3537-3541, 1986.
 
Merrell R, Gottlieb DI and Glaser L : Embryonal cell surface recognition. Extraction of an active plasma membrane component. J Biol Chem 250 : 5655-5659, 1975.
PubMed
Messer A, Snodgrass GL and Maskin P : Enhanced survival of cultured cerebellar Purkinje cells by plating on antibody of Thy-1. Cell Molec Neurosci 4 : 285-290, 1984.
 
Mesulam MM : Principles of horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry and their applications for tracing neural pathways axonal transport, enzyme histochemistry and light microscopic analysis. In : Tracing Neural Connections with Horseradish Peroxidase. Ed by MM Mesulam. John Wiley, Chichester, pp 1-151, 1982.
 
Mesulam MM and Brushart TM : Transganglionic and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxiBase across dorsal root ganglia : a tetramethylbenzidine method for tracing central sensory connections of muscles and peripheral nerves. Neuroscience 4 : 1107-1117, 1979.
 
Metuzals J, Montepetit V and Clapin DF : Organization of the neurofilaments network. Cell Tissue Res 214 : 455-482, 1981.
 
Metuzals J and Mushynski WE : Electron microscope and experimental investigations of the neurofilamentous network in Deiters' neurons. J Cell Biol 61 : 701-722, 1974.
PubMed
Metuzals J and Tasaki I : Subaxolemmal filamentous network in the giant nerve fiber of the squid (Loligo pealei L) and its possible role in excitability. J Cell Biol 78 : 597-621, 1978.
PubMed
Meyer RL, Sakurai K and Schauwecker E : Topography of regenerating optic fibers in goldfish traced with local wheat germ injections into retina : Evidence for discontinuous microtopography in the retinotectal projection. J Comp Neurol 239 : 27-43, 1985.
PubMed
Miani N : Evidence of a proximo-distal movement along the axon of phospholipid synthesized in the nerve cell body. Nature 193 : 109-112, 1962.
 
Miller RH and Lasek RJ : Cross-bridges mediate anterograde and retrograde vesicle transport along microtubules in squid axoplasm. J Cell Biol 101 : 2181-2193, 1985.
PubMed
Minami Y and Sakai H : Effects of microtubule associated proteins on network fornation by neurofilament-induced polymerization of tubulin. FEBS Lett 195 : 68-72, 1986.
 
Mirsky R, Gavrilovic J, Bannerman P, Winter J and Jessen KR : Characterization of a plasma membrane protein present in non-myelin-forming PNS and CNS glia, a subpopulation of PNS neurons, perineurial cells and smooth muscle in adult rats. Cell Tissue Res 240 : 723-733, 1985.
 
Mirsky R and Jessen KR : A cell surface protein of astrocytes, Ran-2, distinguishes non-myelin-forming Schwann cells from myelin-forming Schwann cells. Dev Neurosci 6 : 304-316, 1984.
 
Mirsky R, Winter J, Abney ER, Pruss R, Gavrilovic J and Raff MC : Myelin specific proteins and glycolipids in rat Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in culture. J Cell Biol 84 : 483-494, 1980.
PubMed
Mitchison T and Kirschner M : Cytoskeletal dynamics and nerve growth. Neuron 1 : 761-772, 1988.
PubMed
Mizukawa K, Matsuura T, Nojyo Y. Ibata Y and Sano Y : Retrograde transport and intraneuronal fate of exogenous horseradish peroxidase in the nervous system-nigroneostriatal system and sciatic nerve of adult rats-light and electron microscopic investigation. Acta Histochem Cytochem 11 : 160-170, 1978.
 
Monard D : Cell derived proteases and protease inhibitors as regulators of neurite outgrowth. Trends Neurosci 11 : 541-544, 1988.
PubMed
Mong FSF : Dendritic distributions of motor neurons innervating fast and slow muscles of the hind limb of rats. J Hirnforsch 31 : 259-267, 1990.
 
Moor H, Pfenninger K and Akert K : Synaptic vesicles in electron micrographs of freeze etched nerve terminals. Science 164 : 1405-1407, 1969.
 
Moore RY, Bjorklund A and Stenevi U : Growth and plasticity of adrenergic neurons. In : The Neurosciences. Third Study Program. Ed by FO Schmitt. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 961-977, 1973.
 
Moorman SJ and Hume RI : Growth cones of chick sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro with other neurons in a cell-specific manner. J Neurosci 10 : 3158-3163, 1990.
 
Moos M, Tacke R, Scherer H, Teplow D, Frth K and Schachner M : Neural adhesion molecule L1 as a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with binding domains similar to fibronectin. Nature 334 : 701-703, 1988.
 
Mori H and Kurokawa M : Morphological and biochemical characterization of neurofilaments isolated from the rat peripheral nerve. Biomed Res 1 : 24-31, 1980.
 
Mori H and Kurokawa M : Intra-axonal transport of clathrin and actin. Biomed Res 2 : 677-685, 1981.
 
Morris JH, Hudson AR and Weddell G : A study of degeneration and regeneration in the divided rat sciatic nerve based on electron microscopy. I. The traumatic degeneration of myelin in the proximal stump of the divided nerve. Z Zellforsch 124 : 76-102, 1972.
PubMed
Morris JH, Hudson AR and Weddell G : II. The development of the "regenerating unit". Z Zellforsch 124 : 103-130, 1972.
PubMed
Morris JH, Hudson AR and Weddell G : III. Changes in the axons of the proximal stump. Z Zellforsch 124 : 131-164, 1972.
 
Morris JH, Hudson AR and Weddell G : IV. Changes in fascicular microtopography, perineurium and endoneurial fibroblasts. Z Zellforsch 124 : 165-203, 1972.
PubMed
Morris JR and Lasek RJ : Stable polymers of the axonal cytoskeleton : the axoplasmic ghost. J Cell Biol 92 : 192-198. 1984.
 
Morris R : Thy-1 in developing nervous tissue. J Neurocytol 7 : 133-160, 1985.
 
Moscona AA : Cell suspensions from organ rudiments of chick embryo. Exper Cell Res 3 : 536-539, 1952.
 
Moscona AA : Development of heterotypic combinations of dissociated embryonic chick cells. Proc Soc Exper Biol Med 92 : 410-416, 1956.
 
Moscona AA : The development in vitro of chimeric aggregates of dissociated embryonic chick and mouse cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 43 : 184-194, 1957.
 
Moscona AA : Analysis of cell recombinations in experimental synthesis of tissue in vitro. J Cell Comp Physiol 60 : 65-80 (Suppl 1), 1962.
 
Moscona AA : Surface specification of embryonic cells : Lectin receptors, cell recognition, and specific ligands. In : The Cell Surface in Development. Ed by AA Moscona. John Wiley and Son, New York, pp 67-99, 1974.
 
Moussa TA : An experimental study of the effect of axon sectioning on the cytoplasmic components of the corresponding neurones. Cellule 57 : 321-324, 1955/1956.
 
Mudge AW : Schwann cells induce morphological transformation of sensory neurons in vitro. Nature 309 : 367 369, 1984.
 
Muller KJ, Nicholls JG and Stent GS : Neurobiology of the Leech. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1981.
 
Munoz-Martinez EJ, Nunez R and Sanderson A : Axonal transport : A quantitative study of retained and transported protein in the cat. J Neurobiol 12 : 15-26, 1981.
 
Murabe Y, Fujisawa H, Terubayashi H and Ibata Y : A wholemount horseradish peroxidase study of the retinal central projection of normal and monocular rats. Anat Embryol 168 : 151-158, 1983.
PubMed
村上富士夫: ニューロンの可塑性. 神経科学レビュー 1 : 150-163, 1987.
 
Murakami F, Katsumaru H, Saito K and Tsukahara N : A quantitative study of synaptic reorganization in red nucleus neurons after lesion of the nucleus interpositus of the cat : An electron microscopic study involving intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Brain Res 242 : 41-53, 1982.
 
Murakami F, Tsukahara N and Fujito Y : Analysis of unitary EPSPs mediated by the newly-formed cortico-rubral synapses after lesion of the nucleus interpositus of the cerebellum. Exper Brain Res 30 : 233-243, 1977.
 
Murakami F, Tsukahara N and Fujito Y : Properties of synaptic transmission of the newly-formed cortico-rubral synapses after lesion of the nucleus interpositus of the cerebellum. Exper Brain Res 30 : 245-258, 1977.
 
Murray M and Goldberger ME : Restitution of function and collateral sprouting in the cat spinal cord. The partially hemisected animal. J Comp Neurol 158 : 19-36, 1974.
 
Murray MR : Nervous tissue in vitro. In : Cells and Tissues in Culture. Ed by EN Willmer. Academic Press, New York, Vol 2, pp 373-456. 1965.
 
Murray MR and Herrmann A : Passive movements of Schmidt-Lantermann clefts during continuous observation in vitro. J Cell Biol 39 : 149a, 1968.
 
Myers MW, Lazzarini RA, Lee V M-Y, Schlaepfer WW and Nelson DL : The human mid-size neurofilament subunit : A repeated protein sequence and the relationship of its gene to the intermediate filament gene family. EMBO J 6 : 1617-1626, 1987.
 
Nagafuchi A, Shirayoshi Y, Okazaki K, Yasuda K and Takeichi M : Transformation of cell adhesion properties by exogenously introduced E-cadherin cDNA. Nature 329 : 341-343, 1987.
PubMed
Nageotte J : Etude sur la greffe des ganglions rachidiens ; variations et tropismes du neurone sensitif. Anat Anz 31 : 225-245, 1907.
 
Nageotte J : Recherches experimentales sur la morphologic des cellules et des fibres des ganglions rachidiens. Rev Neurol, Paris, 15 : 357-368, 1907.
 
Nageotte J : Sheaths of peripheral nerves. Nerve degeneration and regeneration. In : Cytology and Cellular Pathology of Nervous System. Ed by E Penfield. Hoeber, New York, pp 191-239, 1932.
 
Nakai J : Dissociated dorsal root ganglia in tissue culture. Amer J Anat 99 : 81-129, 1956.
PubMed
Nakai J : Studies on the mechanism determing the course of the growing nerve fibers in tissue culture. II. The mechanism of fasciculation. Z Zellforsch 52 : 427-449, 1960.
 
Nakai J and Kawasaki Y : Studies on the mechanism determining the course of nerve fibers in tissue culture. I. The reaction of the growth cone to various obstructions. Z Zellforsch 51 : 108-122, 1959.
PubMed
Nathaniel EJH and Pease DC : Degenerative changes in rat dorsal roots during Wallerian degeneration. J Ultrastruct Res 9 : 511-532, 1963.
 
Nathaniel EJH and Pease DC : Regenerative changes in rat dorsal roots following Wallerian degeneration. J Ultrastruct Res 9 : 533-549, 1963.
 
Nathaniel Fill and Pease DC : Collagen and basement membrane formation by Schwann cells during nerve regeneration. J Ultrastruct Res 9 : 550-560, 1963.
 
Nauta WJH : Uber die sogenannte terminate Degeneration in Zentralnervensystem and ihre Darstellung durch Silberimpagnation. Arch Neurol Psychiat 66 : 353-376, 1950.
 
Nauta WJH : Silver impregnation of degenerating axons. In : New Research Techniques of Neuroanatomy. Ed by WF Windle. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1957.
 
Nauta WJH and Gygax PA : Silver impregnation of degenerating axon terminals in central nervous system : technic, chemical notes. Stain Technol 26 : 5-11, 1951.
PubMed
Nermut MV, Green NM, Easson P, Yamada SS and Yamada KM : Electron microscopy and structural model of human fibronectin receptor. EMBO J 7 : 4093-4099, 1988.
 
Neve RL, Einch E, Bird ED and Benowitz LI : Growth-associated protein GAP-43 is expressed selectively in assciative regions of the adult human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 3638-3642, 1988.
 
Newgreen DF and Erickson CA : The migration of neural crest cells. Int Rev Cytol 103 : 89-145, 1986.
 
Nicholls JG : The Search for Connections : Studies of Regeneration in the Nervous System of the Leech. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA, 1987.
 
Nishida H, Kuwaki T and Sakai H : Phosphorylation of microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and pH of the medium control interaction between MAPs and actin filaments. J Biochem Tokyo 90 : 575-578, 1981.
 
Nishioka RS, Zambrano D and Bern HA : Electron microscope radioautograph of amino acid incorporation by supraoptic neurons of the rat. Gen Comp Endocrinol 15 : 477-483, 1970.
 
Nissl F : Uber die Veranderungen der Ganglienzellen am Facialiskern des Kaninchens nach Ausreissung der Nerven. Allg Z Psychiatr 48 : 197-198, 1892.
 
Nissl F : Uber die sogenannten Granula der Nervenzellen. Neurol Zentralb 13 : 676-685 und 781-789, 1894.
 
Nixon RA, Brown BA and Marotta CA : Posttranslational modification of a neurofilament protein during axoplasmic transport : Implications for regional specialization of CNS axons. J Cell Biol 94 : 150-158, 1982.
PubMed
Noakes PG and Bennett MR : Growth of axons into developing muscles of the chick forelimb is preceded by cells that stain with Schwann cell antibodies. J Comp Neurol 259 : 330-347, 1987.
PubMed
Nojyo Y : Fluorescence and electron microscopic studies on the intraaxonnal transport of catecholamine in sympathetic nerve fibers. In : Amine Fluorescence Histochemistry. Ed by M Fujiwara and Ch Tanaka. Igaku-Shoin, Tokyo, pp. 105-116, 1974.
 
Nordlander RM : Axonal growth cones in the developing amphibian spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 263 : 485-496, 1987.
 
Norstrom A, Hansson HA and Sjostrand J : Effects of colchicine on axonal transport and ultrastructure of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system of the rat. Z Zellforsch 113 : 271-293, 1971.
PubMed
Norstrom A and Sjostrand J : Axonal transport of proteins in the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system of the rat. J Neurochem 18 : 29-39, 1971.
 
Nottebohm F : Vocal behavior in birds. In : Avian Biology. Ed by DS Farner and JR King. Academic Press, New York, Vol 5, pp 287-332, 1975.
 
Nottebohm F : Brain Pathways for vocal learning in birds. In : Prog. Psychobiol. Physiol, Psychol. Ed by JIM Sprague and AN Esptein. Academic Press, pp 86-125, 1980.
 
Nottebohm F : A brain for all seasons : cyclical anatomical changes in song control nuclei of the canary brain. Science 214 : 1368-1370, 1981.
 
Nottebohm F : Neuronal replacement in adulthood. In : Hope for a New Neurology. Ed by F Nottebohm. New York Academy of Sciences. Vol 457, pp 143-161, 1985.
 
Nottebohm F : From bird song to neurogenesis. Sci Amer 260 : 74-79, 1989.
 
Nottebohm F, Kelly DB and Paton JA : Connections of vocal control nuclei in the canary telencephalon. J Comp Neurol 207 : 344-357, 1982.
 
Nottebohm F and Nottebohm ME : Relationship between song repertoire and age in the canary, Serinus canaria. Z Tierpsychol 46 : 298-305, 1978.
 
Nottebohm F, Nottebohm ME, Crane LA and Wingfield JC : Seasonal changes in gonadal hormone levels of adult male canaries and their relation to song. Behav Neural Biol 47 : 197-211, 1987.
 
Nottebohm F, Stokes TM and Leonard CM : Central control of song in the canary. Serinus canalia. J Comp Neurol 165 : 457-486, 1976.
 
Novak J and Salafsky B : Early electrophysiological changes after denervation of slow skeletal muscle. Exper Neurol 19 : 388-400, 1967.
 
Oblinger MM, Argasingki A, Wong J, Kosik KS : Tau gene expression in the rat sensory neurons during development and regeneration. J Neuro-sci 11 : 2453-2459, 1991.
 
Ochs S : Local supply of energy to the fast axoplasmic transport mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68 : 1279-1282, 1971.
 
Ochs S : Characteristics and a model for fast axoplasmic transport in nerve. J Neurobiol 2 : 331-345, 1971.
 
Ochs S : Rate of fast axoplasmic transport in mammalian nerve fibres. J Physiol (Lond) 227 : 627-645, 1972.
PubMed
Ochs S : Fast transport of materials in mammalian nerve fibers. Science 176 : 252-260, 1972.
PubMed
Ochs S : Effect of maturation and aging on the rate of fast axoplasmic transport in mammalian nerve. Prog Brain Res 40 : 349-362, 1973.
PubMed
Ochs S : Retention and redistribution of proteins in mammalian nerve fibers by axoplasmic transport. J Physiol 253 : 459-475, 1975.
PubMed
Ochs S : The early history of nerve regeneration beginning with Cmikshanks observation in 1776. Med Hist 21 : 261-274, 1977.
PubMed
Ochs S : Axoplasmic transport. In : Basic Neurochemistry, Ed by GJ Siegel, RW Albers, BW Agranoff and Kalzman R. Little Brown and Co, Boston, pp 435-444, 1981.
 
Ochs S, Dalrymple D and Richards G : Axoplasmic flow in ventral root nerve fibres of the cat. Exper Neurol 5 : 349-363, 1962.
 
Ochs S and Hollingsworth D : Dependence of fast axoplasmic transport in nerve on oxidative metabolism. J Neurochem 18 : 107-114, 1971.
PubMed
Ochs S and Smith C : Effect of temperature and rate of stimulation on fast axoplasmic transport in mammalian nerve fibers. Fed Proc 30 : 665, 1971.
 
Ochs S and Smith C : Low temperature slowing and cold-block of fast axoplasmic transport in mammalian nerves in vitro. J Neurobiol 6 : 85-102, 1975.
PubMed
Oestreicher AB, Zwiers H, Schulman P and Gisper WH : Immunohistochemical localization of a phosphoprotein (B-50) isolated from rat brain synaptosomal plasma membranes. Brain Res Bull 6 : 145-153, 1981.
 
Ohno M, Martinez-Hernandez A, Ohno N and Kefalides NA : Comparative study of laminin found in normal placental membrane with laminin of neoplasmic origin. In : Basement Membranes. Ed by S Shibata. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 3-11, 1985.
 
Okabe S and Hirokawa N : Turnover of fluorenscently labeled tubulin and actin in the axon. Nature 343 : 479-482, 1990-
 
Okado N, Homma S, Ishihara R, Sako H and Kohno K : Differential innervation of specific motor neuron pools by serotonergic fibers in the chick spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 94 : 39-32, 1988.
 
Oldfors A : Cholera toxin B-subunit incorporation into synaptic vesicles of the neuromuscular junction of the rat. Experientia 42 : 415-417, 1986.
PubMed
Oppel A : Explantation (Deckglaskultur, in vitro-Kultur). Zb Zool Allg Exper Biol 3 : 209-232, 1913.
 
Oppenheimer SB : Functional involvement of specific carbohydrate in teratoma cell adhesion factor. Exper Cell Res 92 : 122-126, 1975.
 
Osawa T, Ide C and Tohyama K : Nerve regeneration through the allogeneic nerve grafts in mice. Arch Histol Jap 49 : 69-81, 1986.
PubMed
Osawa T, Ide C and Tohyama K : Allogeneic nerve graft in the rat with special reference to the role of Schwann cell basal lamina in nerve regeneration. J Neurocytol 19 : 833-849, 1990.
 
Osawa T, Tohyama K and Ide C : Allogeneic nerve grafts in the rat, with special reference to the role of Schwann cell basal laminal in nerve regeneration. J Neurocytol 19 : 833-849, 1990,
 
Pachter JS and Liem RKH : The differential appearence of neurofilament triplet polypeptides in the developing rat optic nerve. Dev Biol 103 : 200-210, 1984.
 
Palay SL : The morphology of synapses in the central nervous system. Exper Cell Res 5 : 275-293, 1958.
 
Pannese E : Investigation on the ultrastructural changes of the spinal ganglion neurons in the course of axon regeneration and cell hypertrophy. I. Changes during axon regeneration. Z Zellforsch 60 : 711-740, 1963.
PubMed
Pannese E : The histogenesis of the spinal ganglia. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol Vol 47, fast 5, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1974.
 
Papandrikopoulou A, Doll T, Tucker RP, Garner CC and Matus A : Embryonic MAP2 lacks the crosslinking sidearm sequences and dendritic tar geting signal of adult MAP2. Nature 340 : 650-652, 1989.
 
Papasozomenos SCh, Autilio-Gambetti L and Gambetti P : Reorganization of axoplasmic organelles following β, β1-iminodipropionitrile administration. J Cell Biel 91 : 866-871, 1981.
 
Papasozomenos SC and Binder LI : Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is present in astrocytes of the optic nerve but absent from astrocytes of the optic tract. J Neurosci 6 : 1748-1756, 1986.
PubMed
Paravicini U, Stoekel K and Thoenen II : Biological importance of retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor in adrenergic neurons. Brain Res 84 : 279-291, 1975.
 
Parks TN : Afferent influence on the development of the brainstem auditory nuclei of the chicken : Otocyst ablation. J Comp Neurol 183 : 665-678, 1979.
PubMed
Parysek LM, Asnes CF and Olmsted JB : MAP4 : occurrence in mouse tissues. J Cell Riol 99 : 1309-1315, 1984.
 
Parysek LM, Del Cerro M and Olmsted JB : Microtubule-associated protein 4 antibody : A new marker for astroglia and oligodendroglia. Neuroscience 15 : 869-875, 1985.
PubMed
Parysek LM and Goldman RD : Distribution of a novel 57KDa intermediate filament (IF) protein in the nervous system. J Neurosci 8 : 555-563, 1988.
 
Paschal BM, Shpetner HS and Vallee RB : MAPIC is a microtubule-activated ATPase which translocates microtubules in vitro and has dynein-like properties. J Cell Biol 105 : 1273-1282, 1987.
 
Paschal BM and Vallee RB : Retrograde transport by the microtubule-associated protein MAPIC. Nature 330 : 181-183, 1987.
 
Paton JA and Nottebohm F : Neurons generated in the adult brain are recruited into functional circuits. Science 225 : 1046-1048, 1984.
PubMed
Paton JA, O'Loughlin BE and Nottebohm F : Cell born in adult canary forebrain are local interneurons. J Neurosci 5 : 3088-3093, 1985.
PubMed
Pearman AL, Kim HG and Schmitt G : Fearly cortical afferents arrive after fibronectinlike immunoreactivity appears in their migratory pathway. Soc Neurosci Abstr 12 : 502, 1986.
 
Pearse BMF : Clathrin : A unique protein associated with intracellular transfer of membrane by coated vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73 : 1255-1259, 1976.
 
Pearse BMF and Crowther RA : Packing of clathrin into coats. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quart Biol 46 : 703-706, 1982.
 
Penfield W : Alterations of the Golgi apparatus in nerve cells. Brain 43 : 290-305, 1920.
 
Perkins CS, Aguayo AJ and Bray GM : Behaviour of Schwann cell from Trembler mouse unmyelinated fibers transplanted into myelinated nerves. Exper Neurol 71 : 515-526, 1981.
 
Perkins CS, Bray GM and Aguayo AJ : Ongoing block of Schwann cell differentiation and deployment in dystrophic mouse spinal roots. Dev Brain Res 1 : 213-220, 1981.
 
Perrin D, Langley DK and Aunis D : Anti alpha-fodrin inhibits secretions from permeabilized chromaffin cells. Nature 326 : 498-501, 1987.
 
Perris R, Paulsson M and Bronner-Fraser M : Molecular mechanisms of avian neural crest cell migration of fibronectin and laminin. Dev Biol 136 : 222-238, 1989.
PubMed
Perry VH, Brown MC and Gordon S : The macrophage response to central and peripheral nerve injury. A possible role for macrophages in regeneration. J Exper Med 165 : 1218-1223, 1987.
 
Pestronk A and Drachman DB : Motor nerve sprouting and acetylcholine receptors. Science 199 : 1223-1225, 1978.
PubMed
Peters A, Palay SL and Webster H DeF : The Fine Structure of the Nervous System. Harpar and Row, New York, 1970. Third Edition. Oxford University Press, New York/Oxford, 1991.
 
Peters A and Vaughn JE : Microtubules and filaments in the axons and astrocytes of early postnatal rat optic nerves. J Cell Biol 32 : 113-119, 1967.
PubMed
Petrucci TC, Mooseker MS and Morrow JS : A domain of synapsin I involved with actin bundling shares immunologic cross-reactivity with villin. J Cell Biochem 36 : 25-35, 1988.
PubMed
Pevzner LZ : Topochemical aspects of nucleic acid and protein metabolism within the neuron-neuroglia unit of the superior cervical ganglion. J Neurochem 12 : 993-1002, 1965.
PubMed
Pfenninger KH and Bunge RP : Freeze-fracting of nerve growth cones and young fibers. A study of developing plasma membrane. J Cell Biol 63 : 180-196, 1974.
 
Pfenninger KH and Maylie-Pfenninger M-F : Lectin labeling of sprouting neurons. II. Relative movement and appearance of glycoconjugates during plasmalemmal expansion. J Cell Biol 89 : 547-559, 1981.
PubMed
Pickering BT and Jones CW : Isolation of radioactive oxytocin and vasopressin from the posterior pituitary gland of the rat after the injection of labelled tyrosine into the cerebrospinal fluid. J Endocrinol 49 : 93-103, 1971.
 
Pilar G and Landmesser L : Axotomy mimicked by localized colchicine application. Science 177 : 1116-1118, 1972.
PubMed
Pittman RN : Release of plasminogen activator and a calcium-dependent metalloprotease from cultured sympathetic and sensory neurons. Dev Biol 110 : 91-101, 1985.
 
Pittman RN and Buettner HM : Degradation of extracellular matrix by neuronal proteases. Dev Neurosci 11 : 361-375, 1989.
PubMed
Poduslo JF, Berg CT and Dyck PJ : Schwann cell expression of a major myelin glycoprotein in the absence of myelin assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 : 1864-1866, 1984.
 
Poltorak M, Sadoul R, Keilhauer G, Landa C, Fahrig T and Schachner M : Myelin associated glycoprotein, a member of the L2/HNK-1 family of neural cell adhesion molecules, is involved in neuron-oligodendrocyte and oligodendrocyte-oligodendrocyte interacton. J Cell Biol 105 : 1893-1899, 1987.
 
Pomerat CM : Cinematology, indispensible tool for cytology. Int Rev Cytol 11 : 307-339, 1961.
PubMed
Pomerat CM, Hendelman WJ, Raiborn CW and Massey JF : Dynamic activities of nervous tissue in vitro. In : The Neuron. Ed by H Hyden. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 119-178, 1967.
 
Porter KR and Bowers MB : A study of chromatolysis in motor neurons of the frog Rana pipiens. J Cell Biol 19 : 56A-57A, 1963.
 
Powell TPS and Cowan WM : A note on retrograde fiber degeneration. J Anat 98 : 579-585, 1964.
 
Powell TPS and Erulkar SD : Transneuronal cell degeneration in the auditory relay nuclei of the cat. J Anat 91, 249-268, 1962.
 
Price DL, Griffen JW, Hoffman PN, Cork LC and Spencer PS : The response of motor neurons to injury and disease. In : Peripheral Neuropathy. Ed by PJ Dyck, PK Thomas, EH Lambert and RP Bunge. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, Vol 1, pp 732-759, 1984.
 
Price DL and Porter KR : The response of ventral horn neurons to axonal transection. J Cell Biol 53 : 24-37, 1972.
PubMed
Price MT : The effects of colchicine and lumicolchicine on the rapid phase of axonal transport in the rabbit visual system. Brain Res 77 : 497-501, 1974.
PubMed
Puckett C, Hudson L, Ono K, Friedrich V, Benecke J, Dubois-Dalcq M and Lozzarini RA : Myelin-specific proteolipid protein is expressed in myelinating Schwann cells but is not incorporated into myelin sheaths. I Neurosci Res 18 : 511-518, 1987.
 
Purves D, Hadley RD and Voyvodic J : Dynamic changes in the dendritic geometry of individual neurons visualized over periods of up to three months in the superior cervical ganglion of living mice. J Neurosci 6 : 1051-1061, 1986.
PubMed
Pysh JJ and Wiley RG : Synaptic vesicle depletion and recovery in the cat sympathetic ganglia electrically stimulated in vivo : evidence for transmission secretion by exocytosis. J Cell Biol 60 : 356-374, 1974.
 
Raisman G : Neuronal plasticity in the septal nuclei of the adult rat. Brain Res 14 : 25-48, 1969.
PubMed
Raisman G and Field PM : A quantitative investigation of the development of collateral reinnervation after partial deafferentation of the septal nuclei. Brain Res 50 : 241-264, 1973.
PubMed
Rall W : Cable properties of dendrites and effects of synaptic location. In : Excitatory Synaptic Mechanisms. Proc Vth Intern Meet Neurobiol. Scand Univ Books, Oslo. pp 175-187, 1970.
 
Rall W and Rinzel J : Branch input resistance and steady attenuation for input to one branch of a dendritic neuron model. Biophys J 13 : 648-688, 1973.
PubMed
Rambourg A and Droz B : Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and axonal transport. J Neurochem 35 : 16-25, 1980.
PubMed
Rathjen FG and Schachner M : Immunocytological and biochemical characterization of a new neuronal cell surface component (L1 antigen) which is involved in cell adhesion. EMBO J 3 : 1-10, 1984.
PubMed
Reene DR, Sakai LY, Lunstrum GP, Morris NP and Burgeson RE : Type VII collagen forms an extended network of anchoring fibrils. J Cell Biol 104 : 611-621, 1987.
 
Rees RP and Reese TS : New structural features of freeze-substituted neuritic growth cones. Neurosci 6 : 247-254. 1981.
 
Reichardt LF and Tomaselli KJ : Extracellular matrix molecules and their receptors : Functions in neural development. Ann Rev Neurosci 14 : 531-570, 1991.
PubMed
Reinsch SS, Mitchison TJ and Kirchner M : Microtubule polymer assembly and transport during axonal elongation. J Cell Biol 115 : 365-379, 1991.
 
Reisert I, Wildemann G, Grab D and Pilgrim C : The glial reaction in the course of axon regeneration : A stereological study on the rat hypoglossal nucleus. J Comp Neurol 229 : 121-128, 1984.
 
Retzius G : Zur Kenntnis der ersten Entwicklung der nervbsen Elemente im Ruckenmarke des Huhnchens. Biol Untersuch. Neue Folge 5 : 48-54, 1893.
 
Richa J, Damsky CH, Buck CA, Knowles BB and Solter D : Cell surface glycoproteins mediate compaction, trophoblast attachment, and endoderm formation during early mouse development. Dev Biol 108 : 513-521, 1985.
PubMed
Richardson PM, McGuiness UM and Aguayo AJ : Axons from CNS neurones regenerate in to PNS grafts. Nature 284 : 264-265, 1980.
 
Richardson PM, McGuiness UM and Aguayo AJ : Peripheral nerve autografts to the rat spinal cord : Studies with axonal tracing methods. Brain Res 237 : 147-162, 1982.
 
Riederer B, Cohen R and Matus A : MAPS, A novel microtubule-associated protein under strong developmental regulation. J Neurocytol 15 : 763-775, 1986.
PubMed
Riederer BM, Zagon IS and Goodman S : Brain spectrin (240/235) and brain spectrin (240/235E) : Two distinct spectrin subtypes with different locations within mammalian neural cells. J Cell Biol 102 : 2088-2097, 1986.
 
Riederer BM, Zagon IS and Goodman S : Brain spectrin (240/235) and brain spectrin (240/235E) : Differential expression during mouse brain development. J Neurosci 7 : 864-874, 1987.
PubMed
Riggott MJ and Moody SA : Distribution of laminin and fibronectin along peripheral trigeminal axon pathways in the developing chick. J Comp Neurol 258 : 580-596, 1987.
 
Rodriquez-Enchandfa EL, Piezzi RS and Rodriquez EM : Dense-core microtubules in neurons and gliocytes of the toad Bufo arenarum Hensel. Amer J Anat 122 : 157-168, 1968.
 
Rogers SL, Edson KJ, Letourneau PC and McLoon SC : Distribution of laminin in the developing peripheral nervous system of the chick. Dev Biol 113 : 429-435, 1986.
PubMed
Rogers SL, Letourneau PC, Palm SL, McCarthy J and Furcht LT : Neurite extension by peripheral and central nervous system neurons in response to substratum-bound fibronectin and laminin. Dev Biol 98 : 212-220, 1983.
PubMed
Romanes GJ : Motor localization and the effects of nerve injury on the ventral horn cells of the spinal cord. J Anat S0 : 117-131, 1946.
 
Rosenbluth J : The visceral ganglion of Aplysia californica. Z Zellforsch 60 : 213-236, 1963.
PubMed
Rosenbluth J and Wissig SL : The distribution of exogenous ferritin in toad spinal ganglia and the mechanism of its uptake by neurons. J Cell Biol 23 : 307-325, 1964.
PubMed
Rotshenker S : Synapse formation in intact innervated cutaneous pectoris muscle of the frog following denervation of the opposite muscle. J Physiol 292 : 535-547, 1979.
PubMed
Rotshenker S and Reichert J : Motor axon sprouting and site of synaptic formation in intact innervated skeletal muscle of the frog. J Comp Neurol 193 : 413-422, 1980.
 
Rubel EW, Smith DJ and Miller LC : Organization and development of brain stem auditory nuclei of the chicken : Ontogeny of n. magnocellularis and n. laminaris. J Comp Neurol 166 : 469-490, 1976.
 
Ruoslahti E : Fibronectin and its receptor. Ann Rev Biochem 57 : 375-413, 1988.
PubMed
Ruoslahti E and Pierschbacher MD : Arg-gly-asp : A versatile cell regulation signal. Cell 44 : 517-518, 1986.
 
Ruoslahti E and Pierschbacher MD : New perspeclives in cell adhesion : RGD and integrins. Science 238 : 491-497, 1987.
PubMed
Rustioni A and Sotelo C : Some effects of chronic deafferentation on the ultrastructure of the nucleus gracilis of the cat. Brain Res 73 : 527-533, 1974.
PubMed
Rutishauser U : Developmental biology of a neural cell adhesion molecule. Nature 310 : 549-554, 1984.
PubMed
Rutishauser U : N-Cadherin : A cell adhesion molecule in neural development. Trends Neurosci 12 : 275-276, 1989.
PubMed
Rutishauser U, Acheson A, Hall AK, Mann DM and Sunshine J : The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) as a regulator of cell-cell interaction. Science 240 : 53-57, 1988.
PubMed
Rutishauser U, Gall WE and Edelman GM : Adhesion among neural cell of the chick embryos. IV. Role of the cell surface molecule N-CAM in the formation of neurite bundles in cultures of spinal ganglia. J Cell Biol 79 : 386-393, 1978.
 
Rutishauser U, Grumet M and Edelman GM : Neu-ral cell adhesion molecule mediates initial inter actions between spinal cord neurons and muscle cell in culture. J Cell Biel 97 : 145-152, 1983.
 
Rutishauser U, Hoffman S and Edelman GM : Binding properties of a cell adhesion molecules from neural tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 : 685-689, 1982.
PubMed
Rutishauser U and Jesse]] TM : Cell adhesion mole cules in vertebrate neural development. Physiol Rev 68 : 819-857, 1988.
 
Ryser HJP : Uptake of protein by mammalian cells. An underdeveloped area. Science 159 : 390-396, 1968.
 
Sabatini DD, Bensch K and Barrnett RJ : Cytochemistry and electron microscopy : the preservation of cellular ultrastructure and enzymatic activity by aldehyde fixation. J Cell Biol 17 : 19-58, 1963.
 
Sachs H and Takanabe Y : Evidence for a precursor in vasopressin biosynthesis. Endocrinology 75 : 943-948, 1964.
 
Sadoul R, Hirn M, Deagostini-Bazin H, Rougon G and Goridis C : Adult and embryonic mouse neural cell adhesion molecules have different binding properties. Nature 304 : 347-349, 1983.
PubMed
Sadoul K, Sadoul R, Faissner A and Schachner M : Biochemical characterization of different molecular forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1. J Neurochem 50 : 510-521, 1988.
PubMed
Saika T, Senba E, Noguchi K, Sato M, Yoshida S, Kobe T, Matsunaga T and Tohyama M : Effects of nerve crush and transection on mRNA levels for nerve growth factor receptor in the rat facial motoneurons. Mal Brain Res 9 : 157-160, 1991.
 
Saitua F and Alvarez J : Do axons grow during adulthood? A study of caliber and microtubules of sural nerve axons in young, mature and aging rats. J Comp Neurol 269 : 203-209, 1988.
 
Salafsky B and Jasinski D : Early electrophysiological changes after denervation of fast skeletal muscle. Exper Neurol 19 : 375-387, 1967.
 
Salisbury JL, Condeelis JS and Satir P : Receptor-mediated endocytosis : Mechinery and regulation of the clathrin-coated vesicle pathway. Int Rev Exper Pathol 24 : 1-62, 1983.
 
Salzer JL and Bunge RP : Studies of Schwann cell proliferation. I. An analysis in tissue culture of proliferation during devolopment. Wallerian degeneration and direct injury. J Cell Biol 84 : 739-752, 1980.
 
Salzer JL, Bunge RP and Glazer L : Studies of Schwann cell proliferation. III. Evidence for the surface localization of the neurite mitogen. J Cell Biol 84 : 767-778, 1980.
 
Salzer JL, Holmes WP and Colman DR : The amino acid sequences of the myelin-associated glycoproteins : homology to the immunoglobulin gene super-family. J Cell Biol 104 : 957-965, 1987.
 
Salzer JL, Williams AK, Glazer L and Bunge RP : Studies of Schwann cell proliferation. II. Characterization of the stimulation and specificity of the response to a neurite membrane fraction. J Cell Biol 84 : 753-766, 1980.
 
Samuels AJ, Boyarsky LL, Gerard RW, Libet B and Brust M : Distribution, excharge and migration of phosphate compounds in the nervous system. Amer J Physiol 164 : 1-15, 1951.
 
Sanes JR : Laminin, fibronectin, and collagen in synaptic and extrasynaptic portions of muscle fiber basement membrane. J Cell Biol 93 : 442-451, 1982.
PubMed
Sanes JR : Extracellular matrix molecules that influence neural development. Ann Rev Neurosci 12 : 491-516, 1989.
PubMed
Sanes JR and Cheney JM : Lectin binding reveals a synaptic carbohydrate in skeletal muscle. Nature 300 : 646-647, 1982.
 
Sanes J and Chiu AY : The basal lamina of the neuromuscular junction. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 48 : 667-678, 1983.
 
Saves JR, Engvall E, Butkowski R, Hunter DD : Molecular heterogeneity of basal laminae : isoforms of laminin and collagen IV at the neuromuscular junction and elsewhere. J Cell Biol 111 : 1685-1699, 1990.
 
Sanes JR, Marshall LM and McMahan UJ : Reinnervation of muscle fiber basal lamina after removal of myofibers. Differentiation of regenerating axons at original synaptic sites. J Cell Biol 78 : 176-198, 1978.
 
Sanes JR, Schachner M and Covault J : Expression of several adhesive macromolecules (NCAM, L1, J1, NILE, uvomorulin, laminin, fibronectin, and a heparan sulfate proteoglycan) in embryonic, adult, and denerveted adult skeletal muscle. J Cell Biol 102 : 420-431, 1986.
 
Sano Y, Yoshikawa H and Ochi J : Intraneuroplasmic transport of catecholamines as studied by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Arch Histol Jap 32 : 329-345, 1970.
PubMed
Sasaki M and Ide C : Demyelination and remyelination in the dorsal funiculus of the rat spinal cord after heat injury. J Neurocytol 18 : 225-239, 1989.
PubMed
Sasaki M and Ide C : Aberrant remyelination of axons after heat injury in the dorsal funiculus of rat spinal cord. Acts Neuropathol 81 : 557-561, 1991.
 
Sasaki S, Stevens JK and Bodick N : Serial reconstruction of microtubular arrays within dendrites of the cat retinal ganglion cell : The cytoskeleton of a vertebrate dendrite. Brain Res 259 : 193-206, 1983.
PubMed
Sato-Yoshitake R, Shiomura Y, Miyasaka H and Hirokawa N : Molecular structure and localization of microtubule-associated protein 1B and its phosphorylation-dependent expression in the developing neurons. Neuron 3 : 229-238, 1989.
PubMed
Sato-Yoshitake R, Yorifuji H, Inagaki M and Hirokawa N : The phosphorylation of kinesin regulates its binding to synaptic vesicles. J Biol Chem 267 : 23930-23936, 1992.
PubMed
Sattilaro RE : Interaction of microtubule-associated protein 2 with actin filaments. Biochem 25 : 2003-2009, 1986.
 
Scheidt P and Friede RL : Myelin phagocytosis in Wallerian degeneration. Properties of milipore diffusion chambers and immunohistochemical identification of cell populations. Acta Neuropathol 75 : 77-84, 1987.
 
Schiebler W, Jahan R, Rothlein JP and Greengard P : Characterization of synapsinI binding to small synaptic vesicles. J Biol Chem 261 : 8383-8390, 1986.
 
Schlaepfer WW : Vinblastine-induced axonal alterations in rat peripheral nerve. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 30 : 488-505, 1971.
 
Schlaepfer WW : Calcium-induced degeneration of axoplasm in isolated segments of rats peripheral nerve. Brain Res 69 : 203-215, 1974.
PubMed
Schlaepfer WW and Bunge RP : Effects of calcium ion concentration on the degeneration of amputated axons in tissue culture. J Cell Biol 59 : 456-470, 1973.
PubMed
Schlaepfer WW and Freeman LA : Neurofilament proteins of rat peripheral nerve and spinal cord. J Cell Biol 78 : 653-662, 1978.
PubMed
Schlaepfer WW and Micko S : Chemical and structural changes of neurofilaments in transected rat sciatic nerve. J Cell Biol 78 : 369-378, 1978.
PubMed
Schmitt FO : The molecular biology of neuronal fibrous proteins. Neurosci Res Progr Bull 6 : 119-144, 1968.
 
Schmitt FO : Fibrous protein-neuronal organelles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 62 : 1091-1101, 1968.
 
Schmitt FO and Davison PF : Biologic moleculaire des neurofilaments. Actual Neurophysiol. 3e serie : 355-369, 1961.
 
Schmitt FO and Geschwind N : The axon surface. Prog Biophys 8 : 165-215, 1957.
PubMed
Schnapp BJ and Reese TS : Cytoplasmic structure in rapid-frozen axons. J Cell Biol 94 : 667-679, 1982.
PubMed
Schnapp BJ, Vale RD, Sheetz MP and Reese TS : Single microtubules from squid axoplasm support bidirectional movement of organelles. Cell 40 : 455-462, 1985.
PubMed
Schoenfeld TA, Mckerracher L, Obar R and Vallee RB : MAPIA and MAPIB are structurally related microtubule associated proteins with distinct developmental patterns in the CNS. J Neurosci 9 : 1712-1730, 1989.
 
Schook W, Puszkin 5, Bloom W, Ores C and Kochwa S : Mechanochemical properties of brain clathrin : Interactions with actin and alpha-actinin and polymerization into basketlike structures or filaments. Biochemistry 76 : 116-120, 1979.
 
Schubert D and LaCorbiere M : Isolation of a cell-surface receptor for chick neural retina adherons. J Cell Biol 100 : 56-63, 1985.
 
Schubert D and LaCorbiere M : Isolation of an adhesion-mediating protein from chick neural retina adherons. J Cell Biol 101 : 1071-1077, 1985.
PubMed
Schubert D, LaCorbiere M and Esch F : A chick neural retina adhesion and survival molecule is a retinol-binding protein. J Cell Biol 102 : 2295-2301, 1986.
PubMed
Schubert P, Lux HD and Kreutzberg GW : Single cell isotope injection technique, a tool for studyng axonal and dendritic transport. Acta Neuropathol 5 : 179-186, 1971.
 
Schultze E and Kirschner M : Microtubule dynamics in interphase cells. J Cell Biol 102 : 1020-1031, 1986.
 
Schulze E and Kirschner M : Dynamic and stable population of microtubules in cells. J Cell Biol 97 : 1249-1254, 1987.
 
Schultze M : Allgemeines Uber die Strukturelemente des Nervensystems. In : Strickers Handbuch der Lehre von den Geweben des Menschen and der Tiere. Bd 1, Engelmann, Leipzig, 1871.
 
Schultze M : Achsenzylinder and Ganglienzelle. Mikroskopische Studien fiber die Strukture der Nervenfaser and Nervenzelle bei Wirbeltieren. Arch Anat Physiol Anat Abt 1 : 259-287, 1878.
 
Schwab ME and Carnoi P : Oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin are non-permissive substrates for neurite growth and fibroblast spreading in vitro. J Neurosci 8 : 2381-2393, 1988.
 
Schwyn RC : An autographic study of stellite cells in autonomic ganglia. Amer J Anat 121 : 727-739, 1967.
 
Scott D jr and Clemente CD : Mechanism of spinal cord regeneration in the cat. Fed Proc 11 : 143-144, 1952.
 
Scott FH : On the relation of nerve cells to fatigue of their nerve fibres. J Physiol (Lond) 34 : 145-162, 1906.
PubMed
Scott LJC, Bacon F and Sanes JR : A synapse-specific carbohydrate at the neuromuscular junction : Association with both acetylcholinesterase and a glycolipid. J Neurosci 8 : 932-949, 1988.
 
Seddon HJ : Three types of nerve injury. Brain 66 : 237-288, 1943.
 
Seilheimer B, Persohn E and Schachner M : Antibodies to the L1 adhesion molecule inhibit Schwann cell ensheathment of neurons in vitro. J Cell Biol 109 : 3095-3103, 1989.
 
Seldon SC and Pollard TD : Phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins regulates their interaction with actin filaments. J Bird Chem 258 : 7064-7071, 1983.
 
Selzer ME : Mechanisms of functional recovery and regeneration after spinal cord transection in laval sea lamprey. J Physicl 277 : 395-408, 1978.
 
Sendtner M, Kreutzberg GM and Thoenen H : Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents the degeneration of motor neurons after axotomy. Nature 345 : 440-441, 1990.
 
Sephel GC, Burrows BA and Kleinman HK : Laminin neural activity and binding proteins. Dev Neurosci 11 : 313-331, 1989.
 
Seubert P, Larson J, Oliver M, Jung MW, Baudry M and Lynch G : Stimulation of NMDA receptors induces proteolysis of spectrin in hippocampus. Brain Res 460 : 189-194, 1988.
PubMed
Shahbazian FM, Jacobs MS and Lajtha A : Rates of protein synthesis : A review. J Neurosci Meth 27 : 91-101, 1989.
 
Sharp GA, Shaw G and Weber K : Immmnoelectron microscopical localization of the three neurofilament triplet proteins along neurofilaments of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. Exper Cell Res 137 : 403-413, 1982.
 
Shaw G and Bray D : Movement and extension of isolated growth cones. Exper Cell Res 104 : 55-62, 1977.
 
Shaw G, Debus E and Weber K : The immunological relatedness of neurofilament proteins of higher vertebrates. Eur J Cell Biol 34 : 130-136, 1984.
PubMed
Shaw G, Osborn M and Weber K : An immunofluorescence microscopical study of the neurofilament triplet proteins, vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein wihin the adult rat brain. Eur J Cell Biel 26 : 68-82, 1981.
 
Shaw G and Weber K : Differential expression of neurofilament triplet proteins in brain development. Nature 298 : 277-279, 1982.
PubMed
Shaw G, Winialski D and Reier P : The effect of axotomy and deafferentation on phosphorylation dependent antigenicity of neurofilaments in cat superior cervical ganglion neurons. Soc Neurosci (Abstr) 13 : 1598, 1987.
 
Sheetz MP, Wayne DB and Pearlman AL : Extension of filopodia by motor-dependent actin assembly. Cell Motil Cytoskel 22 : 160-169, 1992.
 
Shiomura Y and Hirokawa N : Biochemical and immuno-histochemical characterizations of a new 205KD microtubule-associated protein in rat brain. Cell Struct Funct 12 : 616, 1987.
 
Shiomura Y and Hirokawa N : The molecular structure of microtubule-associated protein 1A (MAP1A) in vivo and in vitro. An immunoelectron microscopy and quick-freeze deep-etch study. J Neurosci 7 : 1461-1469, 1987.
PubMed
Shirayoshi Y, Hatta K, Hosoda M, Tsunasawa S, Sakiyama F and Takeichi M : Cadherin cell adhesion molecules with distinct specificities share a common structure. EMBO J 5 : 2485-2488, 1986.
 
Shirayoshi Y, Okada TS and Takeichi M : The calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion system regulates inner cell mass formation and cell surface polarization in early mouse development. Cell 35 : 631-638, 1983.
PubMed
Shur BD and Roth S : Cell surface glycosyltransferases. Biochem Biophys Acta 415 : 473-512, 1975.
PubMed
Siegelbaum SA, Carmardo JS and Kandel ER : Serotonin and cyclic AMP close single K+ channels in Aplysia sensory neurones. Nature 299 : 413-417, 1982.
 
Sieradzan K and Vrbova G : Replacement of missing motoneurons by embryonic grafts in the rat spinal cord. Neuroscience 31 : 115-130, 1989.
PubMed
Silver J and Rutishauser U : Guidance of optic axons in vivo by a preformed adhesive pathway on neuroepithelial endfeet. Dev Biol 106 : 485-499, 1984.
PubMed
Siman R, Ahdoot M and Lynch G : Ontogeny, compartmentation, and turnover of spectrin isoforms in rat central neurons. J Neurosci 7 : 55-64, 1987.
PubMed
Simkowitz P, Ellis L and Pfenninger KH : Membrane proteins of the nerve growth cone and their developmental regulation. J Neurosci 9 : 1004-1017, 1989.
PubMed
Simpson HB and Vicario DS : Brain pathways for learned and unlearned vocalizations differ in zebra finches. J Neurosci 10 : 1541-1556, 1990.
PubMed
Singer M and Bryant SV : Movement in the myelin Schwann sheath of the vertebrate axon. Nature 221 : 1148-1150, 1969.
PubMed
Singer M and Green MR : Autoradiographic studies of uridine incorporation in peripheral nerve of the newts, Triturus. J Morphol 124 : 321-344, 1968.
 
Singer M and Salpeter MM : The transport of 3H-1-histidine through the Schwann and myelin sheath into the axon, including a reevaluation ofmyelin function. J Morphol 120 : 281-315, 1966.
 
Sjostrand J and Frizell M : Retrograde axonal transport of rapidly migrating proteins in peripheral nerves. Brain Res 85 : 325-330, 1975.
PubMed
Sjostrand J, Frizell M and Hasselgren P-O : Effects of colchicine on axonal transport in peripheral nerves. J Neurochem 17 : 1563-1570, 1970.
PubMed
Sjostrand J and Karlsson J-O : Axoplasmic transport in the optic nerve and tract of the rabbit : A biochemical and radioautographic study. J Neurochem 16 : 833-844, 1969.
PubMed
Skene JHP : Axonal growth-associated proteins. Ann Rev Neurosci 12 : 127-156, 1989.
 
Skene JHP : GAP-43 as a 'calmodulin sponge' and some implications for calcium signalling in axon terminals. Neurosci Res 13 : (Suppl) S112-S125, 1990.
 
Skene JHP, Jacobson RD, Snipes GJ, MacGuire CB, Norden J and Freeman JA : A protein induced during nerve growth (GAP-43) is a major component of growth-cone membranes. Science 233 : 783-786, 1986.
 
Skene JHP and Virag I : Post-translational membrane attachment and dynamic fatty acylation of a neuronal growth cone protein GAP-43. J Cell Biol 108 : 613-625, 1989.
 
Skene JHP and Willard M : Characteristics of growth-associated polypeptides in regenerating toad retinal ganglion cell axons. J Neurosci 1 : 419-426, 1981.
 
Skene JHP and Willard M : Changes in axonally transported proteins during axon regeneration in toad retinal cells. J Cell Biol 89 : 86-95 and 96-103, 1981.
 
Skoff RP and Hamburger V : Fine structure of dendritic and axonal growth cones in embryonic chick spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 153 : 107-148, 1974.
PubMed
Sloper JC : The application of newer histochemical and isotope techniques for the localization of protein-bound cystine or cysteine to the study of hypothalamic neurosecretion in normal and pathological conditions. In : Zweites Symp on Neurosecretion, p. 20-25. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1958.
 
Sloper JC, Arnott DJ and King BC : Sulphur metabolism in the pituitary and hypothalamus of the rat : a study of radioisotope-uptake after the injection of 35S dl-cystein, methionine, and sodium sulphate. J Endocrinol 20 : 9-23, 1960.
 
Small RK : Membrane specializations of neurite growth cones in vivo : a quantitative IMP analysis. J Neurosci Res 13 : 39-53, 1985.
PubMed
Smith DS, Jarlfors U and BerSnek R : The organization of synaptic axoplasm in the lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) central nervous system. J Cell Biol 46 : 199-219, 1970.
 
Smith MC : Use of Marchi staining in latestages of human tract degeneration. J Neurol NeurosurgPsychiat 14 : 222-225, 1951.
 
Smith RS : The short term accumulation of axonally transported organelles in the region of localized lesions of single myelinated axons. J Neurocytol 9 : 39-65, 1980.
PubMed
Smith RS and Cooper PD : Variability and temperature dependence of the velocity of retrograde particle transport in myelinated axons. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 59 : 857-863, 1980.
 
Smith SJ : Neuronal cytomechanics : the actin based motility of growth cones. Science 242 : 708-715, 1988.
PubMed
Snyder RE : The kinematics of turnaround and retrograde axonal transport. J Neurobiol 17 : 637-647, 1986.
PubMed
Snyder RE : Loss of material from the retrograde axonal transport system in frog sciatic nerve. J Neurobiol 20 : 81-94, 1989.
PubMed
祖父江憲治 : 神経系の細胞骨格. 分子神経生物学. 御子柴克彦, 野田昌晴編集. 丸善, 東京, 95-143, 1989.
 
Sobue G, Kreider B, Asbury AK and Pleasure DL : Specific and potent mitogenic effect of axolemmal fraction on Schwann cells from rat sciatic nerves in serumcontaining and defined media. Brain Res 280 : 263-275, 1983.
 
Soderholm U : Histochemical localization of esterase, phosphatases and tetrazolium reductases in the motor neurons of the spinal cord of the rat and the effect of nerve division. Acta Physiol Scand. Suppl 65 : 1-256, 1965.
 
Sotelo C and Alvarado-Mallart RM : Reconstruction of the defective cerelellar circuitry in adult Purkinje cell degeneration mutant mice by Purkinje cell replacement through transplantation of solid embryonic implants. Neuroscience 20 : 1-22, 1987.
PubMed
Sotelo C and Riche D : The smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the retrograde and fast orthograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in the nigro-neostriato-nigral loop. Anat Embryo) 146 : 209-218, 1974.
 
Speidel CC : Adjustments of nerve endings. Harvey Lectures 36 : 126-158, 1941.
 
Speidel CC : Studies of living nerves. VII. Growth adjustments of cutaneous terminal arborizations. J Comp Neurol 76 : 57-69, 1942.
 
Spooner BS, Yamada KM and Wessells NY : Microfilaments and cell locomotion. J Cell Biol 49 : 595-613, 1971.
 
Steinberg MS : Does differential adhesion govern self-assembly processes in histogenesis? Equilibrium configurations and the emergence of a hierarchy among populations of embryonic cells. J Exper Zool 173 : 395-434, 1970.
 
Steinert PM, Jones JCR and Goldman RD : Intermediate filaments. J Cell Biol 99 : 22-27, 1984.
 
Steinert PM and Roop DR : Molecular and cellular biology of intermediate filaments. Ann Rev Biochem 57 : 593-625, 1988.
PubMed
Steinert PM, Steven AC and Roop DR : The molecular biology of intermediate filaments. Cell 42 : 411-419, 1985.
PubMed
Steinman RM, Silver JM and Cohn ZA : Pinocytosis in fibroblasts. J Cell Biol 63 : 949-969, 1973.
 
Sternberger LA and Sternberger NH : Monoclonal antibodies distinguish phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of neurofilaments in situ. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80 : 6126-6130, 1983.
PubMed
Sternberger LA and Sternberger NH : Neurotypy : The heterogeneity of brain proteins. Ann NY Acad Sci 420 : 90-99, 1984.
 
Steward O, Cotman CW and Lynch GS : Growth of a new fiber projection in the brain of adult rats : Re-innervation of the dentate gyrus by the contralateral entorhinal cortex following ipsilateral entorhinal lesions. Exper Brain Res 20 : 45-66, 1974.
 
Steward O and Falk PM : Protein-synthetic machinery at postsynaptic sites during synaptogenesis : A quantitative study of the association between polyribosomes and developing synapse. J Neurosci 6 : 412-423, 1986.
 
Steward O and Levy WB : Preferential localization of polyribosomes under the base of dendritic spines in granule cells of the dentate gyros. J Neurosci 2 : 284-291, 1982.
 
Steward O, White WF, Cotman CW and Lynch G : Potentiation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the normal and in the reinnervatied dentate gyrus of the rat. Exper Brain Res 26 : 423-441, 1976.
 
Stoeckel K, Guroff G, Schwab M and Thoenen H : The significance of retrograde axonal transport for the accumulation of systematically administrated nerve growth factor (NGF) in the rat superior cervical ganglion. Brain Res 109 : 271-284, 1976.
 
Stoeckel K, Paravicini U and Thoenen H : Specificity of the retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor. Brain Res 76 : 413-421, 1974.
 
Stoeckel K, Schwab M and Thoenen H : Specificity of retrograde transport of nerve growth factor (NGF) in sensory neurons : A histochemical and morphological study. Brain Res 89 : 1-14, 1975.
 
Stoeckel K, Schwab M and Thoenen H : Comparison between the retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor and tetanus toxin in motor, sensory and adrenergic neurons. Brain Res 99 : 1-16, 1975.
 
Stoeckel K and Thoenen H : Retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor : Specificity and biological importance. Brain Res 85 : 337-341, 1975.
PubMed
Stoll G, Trapp BD and Griffin JW : Macrophage function during Wallerian degeneration of rat optic nerve : Clearance of degenerating myelin and la expression. J Neurosci 9 : 2327-2335, 1989.
 
Stookey B and Scarf J : Injuries of peripheralnerves. In : Neurosurgery and Thoracic Surgery. National Research Council Committee on Surgery. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, pp 81-184, 1943.
 
Stossel TP, Hartwig JH, Yin HL, Zaner KS and Stendahl 01 : Actin gelation and the structure of cortical cytoplasm. Cold Spring Habor Symp Quart Biol 46 : 569-578, 1981.
 
Stough HB : Polarization of the giant nerve fibers of the earthworm. J Comp Neurol 50 : 217-229, 1930.
 
Straub FB : Actin. Stud Szeged 2 : 3-15, 1942.
 
Streit WJ and Kreutzberg GW : Lectin binding by resting and reactive microglia. J Neurocytol 16 : 249-260, 1987.
PubMed
Streit WJ and Kreutzberg GW : Response of endogenous glial cells to motor neuron degeneration induced by toxic ricin. J Comp Neurol 268 : 248-263, 1988.
PubMed
Stuermer CAO and Easter SS jr : A comparison of the normal and regenerated retinotectal pathways of goldfish. J Comp Neurol 223 : 57-76, 1984.
 
Sugar O and Gerard RW : Spinal cord regeneration in the rat. J Neurophysiol 3 : 1-19, 1940.
 
Summer BEH : A quantitative analysis of the response of presynaptic boutons to postsynaptic motor neuron axotomy. Exper Neurol 46 : 605-615, 1975.
 
Summer BEH : Quantitative ultrastructural observations on the inhibited recovery of the hypoglossal nucleus from the axotomy response when regeneration of the hypoglossal nerve is prevented. Exper Brain Res 26 : 141-150, 1976.
 
Summer BEH and Sutherland FI : Quantitative electron microscopy on the injured hypoglossal nucleus in the rat. J Neurocytol 2 : 315-328, 1973.
 
Summer BEH and Watson WE : Retraction and expansion of the dendritic tree of motor neurons of adult rats induced in vivo. Nature 233 : 273-275, 1971.
 
Sunderland S : Capacity of reinnervated muscles to function efficiently after prolonged denervation. Arch Neurol Psychiat 64 : 757-771, 1950.
 
Sunderland S : Factors influencing the course of regeneration and the quality of the recovery after nerve suture. Brain 75 : 19-54, 1952.
 
Sunshine J, Balak K, Rutishauser U and Jacobson M : Changes in neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) structure during vertebrate neural development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 5986-5990, 1987.
PubMed
Sutcliffe JG : The genes for myelin revisited. Trends Genet 4 : 211-213. 1988.
PubMed
Swanson LW : The use of retrogradely transported fluorescent markers in neuroanatomy. In : Current Methods in Cellular Neurobiology. Vol 1. Anatomical Techniques. Ed by JL Barker and JF McKelvy. John Wiley, New York, pp219-240, 1983.
 
Tachibana T and Ishizaki K : Merkel cell development in the wound healing in the labial mucosa of adult rabbits. Arch Histol Jap 44 : 151-165, 1981.
 
Tachibana T, Sakakura Y, Ishizaki K : Migration of Merkel cells in the labial mucosa epithelium of adult rabbits following mental nerve resection. Cell Tissue Res 223 : 659-664, 1982.
 
Taghert PH, Bastiani MJ, Ho RK and Goodman CS : Guidance of pioneer growth cones : Filopodia contacts and coupling revealed with an antibody to Lucifer yellow. Dev Biol 94 : 391-399, 1982.
 
Tajima K, Tohyama K, Ide C and Abe M : Regeneration through nerve allografts in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fasciculans). J Bone Joint Surg 73A : 172-185, 1991.
 
Takeichi M : The cadherin : Cell-cell adhesion molecules controlling animal morphogenesis. Development 102 : 639-655, 1988.
PubMed
Tanabe T, Ueda S and Sano Y : Combined method of fluorescence tracer technique and PAP immunohistochemistry for discrimination of the transplanted cells. Histochemistry 91 : 191-194, 1989.
 
Taniuchi M, Clark HB, Schweitzer JB and Johnson EM jr : Expression of nerve growth factor receptors by Schwann cells of axotomized peripheral nerves : Ultrastructural location, suppression by axonal contact, and binding properties. J Neurosci 8 : 664-681, 1988.
PubMed
Tanzi E : I fatti e la induzione nell' odierne istologia del sistema nervoso. Riv Sper Freniat 19 : 149, 1893.
 
Tapscott SJ, Bennet GS and Holtzer H : Neuronal precursor cells in the chick neuronal tube express neurofilament proteins. Nature 292 : 836-838, 1981.
 
Tapscott SJ, Bennet GS, Toyama Y, Kleinbart F and Holtzer H : Intermediate filament proteins in the developing chick spinal cord. Dev Biol 86 : 40-54, 1981.
 
Tashiro T and Komiya Y : Changes in organization and axonal transport of cytoskeletal proteins during regeneration. J Neurochem 56 : 1557-1563, 1991.
PubMed
Taxi J and Sotelo C : Cytological aspects of the axonal migration of catecholamines and of storage material. Brain Res 62 : 431-437, 1973.
PubMed
Taylor DL and Condeelis JS : Cytoplasmic structure and contractility in amoeboid cells. Int Rev Cytol 56 : 57-144, 1979.
PubMed
Tello JF : Un experimento sobre la influencia del neurotropismo en la regeneracion de la corteza cerebral. Rev Clin Madrid 5 : 292-294, 1911.
 
Tello JF : La influencia del neuro tropismo en la regeneracion de los centros nerviosos. Trab Lab Invest Biol Univ Madrid 9 : 123-159, 1911.
 
Tennyson VM : The fine structure of the axon and growth cone of the dorsal root neuroblast of the rabbit embryo. J Cell Biol 44 : 62-79, 1970.
PubMed
Tessier-Lavigne M, Placzek M, Lumsden AGS, Dodd J and Jessell TM : Chemotropic guidance of developing axons in the mammalian central nervous system. Nature 336 : 775-778, 1988.
 
Tetzlaff W : Tight junction contact events and temporary gap junctions in the sciatic nerve fibres of the chicken during Wallerian degeneration and subsequent regeneration. J Neurocytol 11 : 839-858, 1982.
PubMed
Thanos S, Bonhoeffer F and Rutishauser U : Fiber-fiber interaction and tectal cues influence the development of the chick retinotectal projection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 : 1906-1910, 1984.
 
Thiery J-P, Brachenbury R, Rutishauser U and Edelman GM : Adhesion among neural cells of the chick embryo. II. Purification and characterization of a cell molecule from neural retina, J Biol Chem 252 : 6841-6845, 1977.
 
Thiery JP, Delouvee A, Gallin WJ, Cunningham BA and Edelman GM : Ontogenetic expression of cell adhesion molecules : L-CAM is found in epithelia derived from the three primary germ layers. Dev Biol 102 : 61-78, 1984.
PubMed
Thiery JP, Tucker GC and Aoyama H : Gangliogenesis in the avian embryo : Migration and adhesion properties of neural crest cells. In : Molecular Basis of Neural Development. Ed by GM Edelman and WE Gall. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1984.
 
Thoenen H and Barde Y-A : Physiology of nerve growth factor. Physiol Rev 60 : 1284-1335, 1980.
PubMed
Thoenen H and Kreutzberg GW : The role of fast transport in the nervous system. Neurosci Res Prog Bull 20 : 45-55, 1981.
 
Thomas GA : Quantitative histology of Wallerian degeneration. II. Nuclear population in two nerves of different fibre spectrum. J Anat 82 : 135-145, 1948.
PubMed
Thomas PK : Changes in the endoneural sheaths of peripheral myelinated nerve fibers during Wallerian degeneration. J Anat 98 : 175-182, 1964.
 
Thomas PK : The deposition of collagen in relation to Schwann cell basement membrane during peripheral nerve regeneration. J Cell Biol 23 : 375-382, 1964.
PubMed
Thomas PK and King RHM : The degeneration of unmyelinated axons following nerve section : an ultrastructural study. J Neurocytol 3 : 497-512, 1974.
 
Thomas PK, London DN and King RHM : Disease of the peripheral nerves. In : Greenfield's Neuropathology. Ed by JH Adams, JAN Corsellis and LW Duchen. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 807-920, 1984.
 
Thomas PK and Ochoa J : Microscopic anatomy of peripheral nerve fibers. In : Peripheral Neuro-pathy. Ed by PJ Dyke, PK Thomas, EH Lambert and RP Bunge. WB Saunders, Philodelphia, Vol 1, pp 39-96, 1984.
 
Tilney LG, Bonder EM and De Rosier DJ : Actin filaments elongate from their membrane-associated ends. J Cell Biol 90 : 485-494, 1981.
PubMed
Tilney LG, Bryan J, Bush DJ, Fujiwara K, Mooseker MS, Murphy DB and Snyder DH : Micro tubules : evidence for 13 protofilaments. J Cell Biol 59 : 267-275, 1973.
 
Tilney LG and Inoue S : Acrosomal reaction of Thyone sperm. II. The kinetics and possible mechanism of acrosomal process elongation. J Cell Biol 93 : 820-827, 1982.
PubMed
Toh BH, Gallichio HA, Jeffrey PL, Livett BG, Muller HK, Gauchi MN and Clarke FM : Antiactin stains synapses. Nature 264 : 648-650, 1976.
 
Tohyama K and Ide C : The localization of laminin and fibronectin on the Schwann cell basal lamina. Arch Histol Jap 47 : 519-532, 1984.
PubMed
Tohyama K, Ide C and Osawa T : Nerve regeneration through the cryoinjured allogeneic nerve graft in the rabbit. Acta Neuropathol 80 : 138-144, 1990.
PubMed
Tomaselli KJ, Neugebauer KM, Bixby JL, Lilien J and Reichardt LF : N-cadherin and integrins : Two receptor systems that mediate neuronal process outgrowth on astrocyte surfaces. Neuron 1 : 33-43, 1988.
PubMed
Tonnis JF : Die Erregungssteuerung im Zentralnervensystem. Arch Psychiat Nervenkk 182 : 478-535, 1949.
 
Torvik A : Central chromatolysis and the axon reaction : A reappraisal. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2 : 423-432, 1976.
 
Torvik A and Skjorten F : Electron microscopic observations on nerve cell regeneration and degeneration after axon lesions. Acta Neuropathol 17 : 248-264, 1971.
PubMed
Torvik A and Skjorten F : Nerve cell regeneration after axon lesions in newborn rabbits. Light and electron microscopic study. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 31 : 683-695, 1972.
 
Torvik A and Soreide AJ : The perineural glial reaction after axotomy. Brain Res 95 : 519-529, 1975.
 
Tower SS : Function and structure in the chronically isolated lumbo-sacral spinal cord of the dog. J Comp Neurol 67 : 241-269, 1937.
 
Townes PL and Holtfreter J : Directed movements and selective adhesions of embryonic amphibian cells. J Exper Zool 128 : 53-120, 1955.
 
Traub P : Intermediate Filaments : A Review. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985.
 
Trujillo-Cenoz O : Some aspects of the structural organization of the arthropod ganglia. Z Zellforsch 56 : 649-682, 1962.
PubMed
Tse AGD, Barclay A, Watts A and Williams AF : A glycophospholipid tail at the carboxyl terminus of the Thy-1 glycoprotein of neurons and thymocytes. Science 230 : 1003-1008, 1985.
 
Tsiang H : Evidence for an intra-axonal transport of fixed and street rabies virus. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 38 : 286-296, 1979.
 
Tsui H-CT, Lankford KL and Klein WL : Differentiation of neuronal growth cones : Specialization of filopodial tips for adhesive interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 : 8256-8260, 1985.
 
Tsui H-CT, Schubert D and Klein WL : Molecular basis of growth cone adhesion anchoring of adheron-containing filaments at adhesive loci. J Cell Biol 106 : 2095-2108, 1988.
 
Tsukahara N : Synaptic plasticity in the mammalian central nervous system. Ann Rev Neurosci 4 : 351-379, 1981.
PubMed
Tsukahara N and Fujito Y : Physiological evidence of formation of new synapses from cerebrum in the red nucleus neurons following cross union of forelimb nerves. Brain Res 106 : 184-188, 1976.
PubMed
Tsukahara N and Fujito Y : Neuronal plasticity in the newborn and adult feline red nucleus. In : Lesion-induced Plasticity in Sensorimotor Systems. Ed by H Flohr and W Precht. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp64-74, 1981.
 
Tsukahara N, Fujito Y and Kubota M : Specificity of the newly-formed corticorubral synapses in the kitten red nucleus. Exper Brain Res 51 : 45-56, 1983.
 
Tsukahara N, Fujito Y, Oda Y and Maeda J : Formation of functional synapses in the adult cat red nucleus from the cerebrum following cross-innervation of forelimb flexor and extensor nerves. I. Appearance of new synaptic potentials. Exper Brain Res 45 : 1-12, 1982.
 
Tsukahara N, Hultborn H and Murakami F : Sprouting of cortico-rubral synapses in red nucleus neurons after destruction of the nucleus interpositus of the cerebellum. Experientia 30 : 57-58, 1974.
 
Tsukahara N, Hultborn H, Murakami F and Fujito Y : Electrophysiological study of formation of new synapses and collateral sprouting in red nucleus neurons after partial denervation. J Neurophysiol 38 : 1359-1372, 1975.
PubMed
Tsukahara N and Oda Y : Appearance of new synaptic potentials at corticorubral synapses after the establishment of classical conditioning. Proc Jap Acad 57 : Set B, 398-401, 1981.
 
Tsukahara N, Oda Y and Notsu T : Classical conditioning mediated by the red nucleus in the cat. J Neurosci 1 : 72-79, 1981.
 
Tsukita S and Ishikawa H : The movement of membranous organelles in axons. Electron microscopic identification of anterogradely and retrogradely transported organelles. J Cell Biol 84 : 513-530, 1980.
PubMed
Tucker RP, Binder LI and Matus AI : Neuronal microtubule-associated proteins in the embryonic avian spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 271 : 44-55, 1988.
PubMed
Tucker RP, Binder LI and Mates Al : Differential localization of developmentally regulated MAP2 isoforms in the retina. Dev Brain Res 38 : 313-318, 1988.
 
Tucker RP, Binder LL Viereck C, Hemmings BA and Matus AI : The sequential appearance of low- and high-molecular-weight forms of MAP2 in the developing cerebellum. J Neurosci 8 : 4503-4512, 1988.
 
Tucker RP, Viereck C and Matus Al : The ontogeny and phylogenetic conservation of MAP2 forms. Protoplasma 145 : 195-199, 1988.
 
Turner PT and Harris AR : Ultrastructure of exogenous peroxidase in cerebral cortex. Brain Res 74 : 305-326, 1974.
 
Turner RS : Chromatolysis and recovery of efferent neurons. J Comp Neurol 79 : 73-78, 1943.
 
Turner RW, Bambridge KG and Miller JJ : Calcium-induced long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Neuroscience 7 : 1411-1416, 1982.
 
Tweedle CD and Kabara JJ : Lipophilic nerve sprouting factor(s) isolated from denervated muscle. Neurosci Lett 6 : 41-46, 1977.
 
Ueda S, Ihara N, Tanabe T and Sano Y : Reinnervation of serotonin fibers in the denervated rat subcommissural organ by fetal raphe transplants. An immunohistochemical study. Brain Res 444 : 361-365, 1988.
PubMed
Ueda S, Tanabe T, Ihara N and Sano Y : Immunohistochemical study on fetal raphe samples transplanted into the leptomeningeal tissue of 5, 6-dihydroxytryptamine-treated adult rats. Cell Tissue Res 256 : 457-463, 1989.
 
Ugolini GH, Kuypers GJM and Simmons A : Retrograde transneuronal transfer of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) from motoneurons. Brain Res 422 : 242-256, 1987.
 
Ugolini GH, Kuypers GJM and Strick PL : Transneuronal transfer of herpes virus from peripheral nerves to cortex and brainstem. Science 243 : 89-91, 1989.
 
Unsicker K, Skaper SD, Davis GE, Manthorpe M and Varon S : Comparison of the effects of laminin and the polyorithine-binding neurite promoting factor from RN22 Schwannoma cells on neurite regeneration from cultured newborn and adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Dev Brain Res 17 : 304-308, 1985.
 
Vale RD and Hotani H : Formation of membrane networks in vitro by kinesin-driven microtubule movement. J Cell Biol 107 : 2233-2241, 1988.
PubMed
Vale RD, Reese TS and Sheetz MP : Identification of a novel force-generating protein, kinesin, involved in microtubule-based motility. Cell 42 : 39-50, 1985.
PubMed
Vale RD, Schnapp BJ, Mitchison T, Steuer E, Reese TS and Sheetz MP : Different axoplasmic proteins generate movement in opposite directions along microtubules in vitro. Cell 43 : 623-632, 1985.
PubMed
Vale RD, Schnapp BJ, Reese TS and Sheetz MP : Movement of organelles along filaments dissociated from the axoplasm of the giant squid axon. Cell 40 : 449-454, 1985.
PubMed
Vale RD, Schnapp BJ, Reese TS and Sheetz MP : Organelle, bead and microtubule translocations promoted by soluble factors from the squid giant axon. Cell 40 : 559-569, 1985.
PubMed
Vallee RB : Structure and phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77 : 3206-3210, 1980.
 
Vallee RB, Shpetner HS and Paschal BM : The role of dynein in retrograde axonal transport. Trends Neurosci 12 : 66-70, 1989.
PubMed
Valverde F : Apical dendritic spines of the visual cortex and light deprivation in the mouse. Exper Brain Res 3 : 337-352, 1967.
 
van Crevel H and Verhaart WJC : The rate of secondary degeneration in the central nervous system. I. The pyramidal tract of the cat. J Anat 97 : 429-449, 1963.
 
van Crevel H and Verhaart WJC : The rate of secondary degeneration in the central nervous system. II. The optic nerve of the cat. J Anat 97 : 451-464, 1963.
 
Van der Zee CEEM, Nielander HB, Vos JP, Lopes du Silva S, Verhaagen J, Oestreicher AB, Schrama LH, Sehotman P and Gispen WH : Expression of growth-associated protein B-50 (GAP-43) in dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve during regenerative sprouting. J Neurosci 9 : 3505-3512, 1989.
 
Van Essen D and Jansen JKS : The specificity of reinnervation by identified sensory and motor neurons in the leech. J Comp Neurol 171 : 433-454, 1977.
 
van Gehuchten A : La structure des centres nerveux. La moelle epiniere et le cervelet. Cellule 7 : 81-122, 1891.
 
van Gehuchten A : La degenerescence dite retrograde on degenerescence Wallerienne indirecte. Nevraxe 5 : 3, 1903.
 
van Harreveld A and Crowell J : Electron microscopy after rapid freezing on a metal surface and substitution fixation. Anat Rec 149 : 381-385, 1964.
 
van Harreveld A, Crowell J and Malhotra SK : A study of extracellular space in central nervous tissue by freeze-substitution. J Cell Biol 25 : 117-137, 1965.
 
van Harreveld A and Fifkova E : Swelling of dendritic spines in the fascia dentata after stimulation of the perforant pathfibers as a mechanism of post-tetanic potentiation. Exper Neurol 49 : 736-749, 1975.
 
van Hooff COM, de Graan PNE, Oestreicher AB and Gispen WH : B-50 phosphorylation and polyphosphoinositide metabolism in nerve growth cone membranes. J Neurosci 8 : 1789-1795, 1988.
 
Vanghn JE, Hinds PL and Skoff RP : Electron microscopic studies of Wallerian degeneration in rat optic nerves. I. The multipotential glia. J Comp Neurol 140 : 175-206, 1970.
 
Vaughn JE and Peters A : Electron microscopy of the early postnatal development of fibrous astrocytes. Amer J Anat 121 : 131-152, 1967.
PubMed
Vaughn JE and Petus A : The morphology and development of neuroglial cells, In : Cellular Aspect of Growth and Differentiation. UCLA Forum Med Sci No 14. Ed by DC Pease. University of California Press, Los Angeles, pp 103-140, 1971.
 
Verge VMK, Tetzlaff KW, Richardson PM and Bisby MA : Correlation between GAP-43 and nerve growth factor receptors in rat sensory neurons. J Neurosci 10 : 926-934, 1990.
 
Verhaagen J, Oestreicher AB, Gispen WH and Margolis FL : The expression of the growth associated protein B50/GAP-43 in the olfactory system of neonatal and adults rats. J Neurosci 9 : 683-691, 1989.
 
Verne J and Droz B : Deplacement de la radioactivite Bans le ganglion cervical superieur apres l'injection de 35S-methionine. Experientia (Basel) 26 : 77-78, 1960.
 
Vracko R : Anatomy of basal lamina scaffold and its role in maintenance of tissue structure. In : Biology and Chemistry of Basement Membranes. Ed by NA Kefalides. Academic Press, New York, pp 165-176, 1978.
 
Vulpian A : Influence de 15bolition des fonctions des nerfs sur la region de la molle epiniere dans des cas d'amptation d'ancienne date. Arch Physiol 1 : 443-448, 1868.
 
Waelsch H : Some aspects of amino acid and protein metabolism of nervous system. J New Ment Dis 126 : 33-39, 1958.
 
Waksman BH : Experimental study of diphtheritic polyneuritis in the rabbit and guinea pig. III The blood-nerve barrier in the rabbit. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 20 : 35-77, 1961.
 
Waller AV : Experiments on the section of the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves of the frog, and observations of the alterations produced thereby in the structure of their primitive fibres. Phil Trans Roy See 140 : 423-429, 1850, and Edinburgh Med Surg J 76 : 369-376, 1951.
 
Waller A : Nouvelle methode pour l'etude du systeme nerveux applicable a l'investigation de la distribution anatomique des cordons nerveux. Compt Rend Acad Sci Paris 33 : 606-611, 1851.
 
Waller AV : Septieme memoire sur le systeme nerveux. Compt Rend Hebd Seanc Acad Sci (Paris) 35 : 301-306, 1852.
 
Waller AV : Examen des alterations qui out lieu dans les filets d'origine du nerf pneumogastrique et des nerfs rachidiens, par suite de la section de ces nerfs au-dessus de leur ganglions. Compt Rend Hebd Seanc Acad Sci (Paris) 34 : 842-847, 1852.
 
Waller AV : Huitieme memoire sur le systeme nerveux. Compt Rend Hebd Seanc Acad Sci (Paris) 35 : 561-564, 1852.
 
Waller A : Sur la reproduction des nerfs et sur la structure et les fonctions des ganglions spinaux. Arch Anat Physiol (Leipzig) 11 : 392-401, 1852.
 
Walz MA, Price RW and Notkins AL : Latent ganglionic infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 : Viral reactivation in vivo after neurectomy. Science 184 : 1185-1187, 1974.
PubMed
Wang G-Y, Hirai K and Shimada H : The role of laminin, a component of Schwann cell basal lamina, in rat sciatic nerve regeneration within antiserum-treated nerve grafts. Brain Res 570 : 116-125, 1992.
PubMed
Warrick HM and Spudich JA : Myosin structure and function an cell motility. Ann Rev Cell Biol 3 : 379-421, 1987.
PubMed
Watanabe I : Enzyme histochemical study of the motor nerve cells in axonal reaction. Tohoku J Exper Med 86 : 201-218, 1965.
 
Watkins JC and Evans RH : Excitatory amino acid transmitters. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 21 : 165-204, 1981.
 
Watson WE : An autoradiographic study of the incorporation of nucleic-acid precursors by neurons and glia during nerve regeneration. J Physiol (Loud) 180 : 741-753, 1965.
 
Watson WE : Observations on the nucleolar and total cell body nucleic acid of injured nerve cells. J Physiol 196 : 655-676, 1968.
PubMed
Watson WE : Cellular responses to axotomy and to related procedures. Brit Med Bull 30 : 112-115, 1974.
PubMed
Watson WE : Physiology of neuroglia. Physicl Res 54 : 245-271, 1974.
 
Watson WE : The binding of actinomycin D to the nuclei of axotomised neurons. Brain Res 65 : 317-322, 1974.
 
Waxman SG and Pappas GD : An electron microscopic study of synaptic morphology in the oculomotor nuclei of three inframammalian species. J Comp Neurol 143 : 41-72, 1971.
PubMed
Wayne DB and Heaton MB : Retrograde transport of NGF by early chick embryo spinal cord motoneurons. Dev Biol 127 : 220-223, 1988.
PubMed
Webster H deF : Transient, focal accumulation of axonal mitochondria during the early stages of Wallerian degeneration. J Cell Biol 12 : 361-383, 1962.
 
Webster H deF : Some ultrastructural features of segmental demyelination and myelin regeneration in peripheral nerve. In : Progress in Brain Research. Vol 13, Mechanisms of Neural Regen eration. Ed by M Singer and JP Schade. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 151-174, 1964.
 
Webster H deF : The relationship between Schmidt-Lanterman incisures and myelin segmentation during Wallerian degeneration. Ann NY Acad Sci 122 : 29-38, 1965.
 
Webster H deF and Favilla JT : Development of peripheral nerve fibers. In : Peripheral Neuropathy. Ed by PJ Dyck, PK Thomas, EH Lambert and RP Bunge. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. Vol 1, pp 329-359, 1984.
 
Webster H deF, Lamperth L, Favilla JT, Lemke G, Tesin D and Manuelidis L : Use of a biotinylated probe and in situ hybridization for light and electron microscopic localization of Po mRNA in myelin-forming Schwann cell. Histochemistry 86 : 441-444, 1987.
 
Webster H deF and O' Connell ME : Myelin formation in peripheral nerves. A morphological reappraisal and its neuropathological significance. VIe Congres International de Neuropathologic, Compt Rends. Masson et Cie, Paris, pp 579-588, 1970.
 
Webster H deF, Spiro D, Waksman B and Adams RD : Phase and electron microscopic studies of experimental demyelination. II. Schwann cell changes in guinea pig sciatic nerves during experimental diphtheritic neuritis. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 20 : 5 34, 1961.
 
Wehrle B and Chiquet M : Tenascin is accumulated along developing peripheral nerves and allows neurite outgrowth in vitro. Development 110 : 410-415, 1990.
 
Weinberg HJ and Spencer PS : Studies on the control of myelinogenesis. I. Myelination of regenerating axons after entry into a foreign immyelinated nerve. J Neurocytol 4 : 395-418, 1975.
PubMed
Weinberg HJ and Spencer PS : Studies on the control of myelinogenesis. II. Evidence for neuronal regulation of myelin production. Brain Res 113 : 363-378, 1976.
PubMed
Weiss P : Damming of axoplasm in constricted nerve : a sign of perpetual growth in nerve fibers. Anat Rec 88 (Suppl) : 464, 1944.
 
Weiss P : The concept of perpetual neuronal growth and proximo-distal substance convection. In : Regional Neurochemistry. Ed by SS Kety and J Elkes. Pergamon Press, London, pp. 220-242, 1961.
 
Weiss P : Self-renewal and proximo-distal convection in nerve fibers. In The Effect of Use and Disuse on Neuromuscular Functions. Ed by E Gutman and P Hink. Czechoslovak Acad Sci, Prague, pp 171-183, 1963.
 
Weiss P : Neuronal dynamics. Neurosci Res Progr Bull 5 : 371-400, 1967.
 
Weiss P : Neuronal dynamics and neuroplasmic (axonal) flow. Symp Int Soc Cell Biol 8 : 3-34, 1969.
 
Weiss P and Hiscoe HB : Experiments on the mechanism of nerve growth. J Exper Zool 107 : 315-393, 1948.
 
Weiss P and Taylor AC : Reconstitution of complete organs from single-cell suspensions of chick embryos in advanced stages of differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 46 : 1177-1185, 1960.
PubMed
Weiss P and Wang H : Neurofibrils in living ganglion cells of the chick, cultivated in vitro. Anat Rec 67 : 105-117, 1936.
 
Wictorin K and Bjdrklund A : Connectivity of striatal grafts implanted into the ibotenic acid-lesioned striatum. II. Cortical afferents. Neuroscience 30 : 297-311, 1989.
PubMed
Wiley RG, Blessing W W and Reis DJ : Suicide transport : Destruction of neurons by retrograde transport of ricin, abrin and modeccin. Science 216 : 889-890, 1982.
PubMed
Wiley RG and Oeltmann TN : Anatomically selective peripheral nerve ablation using intraneural ricin injection. J Neurosci Meth 17 : 43-53, 1986.
 
Willard M, Cowan WM and Vagelos PR : The polypeptide composition of intraaxonally transported protein : evidence for four transport velocities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71 : 2183-2187, 1974.
PubMed
Willard M and Simon C : Antibody decoration of neurofilaments. J Cell Biel 89 : 198-205, 1981.
 
Willard M and Simon C : Modulations of neurofilament axonal transport during the development of rabbit retinal ganglion cells. Cell 35 : 551-559, 1983.
PubMed
Williams PL and Hall SM : Prolonged in viva observations of normal peripheral nerve fibres and their acute reactions to crush and deliberate trauma. J Anat 108 : 397-408, 1971.
 
Williams PL and Hall SM : Chronic Wallerian degeneration-an in vivo and ultrastructural study. J Anat 109 : 487-503, 1971.
 
Willingham MC and Pastan I : Endocytosis and exocytosis, current concepts of vesicle traffic in animal cells. Int Rev Cytol 92 : 51-92, 1984.
PubMed
Wilson HV : On some phenomena of coalescence and regeneration in sponges. J Exper Zool 5 : 245-258, 1907.
 
Wilson L, Bamburg JR, Mizel SB, Grisham LM and Creswell KM : Interaction of drugs with microtubule proteins. Fed Proc 33 : 158-166, 1974.
PubMed
Windle WF : Regeneration of axons in the vertebral central nervous system. Physicl Rev 36 : 427-440, 1956.
 
Windle WF and Chambers WW : Regeneration in the spinal cord of the cat and dog. J Comp Neurol 93 : 241-257, 1950.
 
Wine JJ : Invertebrate central neurons : Orthograde degeneration and retrograde changes after axonotomy. Exper Neurol 38 : 157-169, 1973.
 
Wolff JR, Eins S, Holzgraefe M and Zaborszky L : The temporo-spatial course of degeneration after toting cortico-cortical connections in adult rats. Cell Tissue Res 214 : 303-321, 1981.
 
Wong J and Oblinger MM : Differential regulation of peripherin and neurofilament gene expression in regenerating rat DRG neurons. J Neurosci Res 27 : 332-341, 1990.
PubMed
Wood PM, Schachner M and Bunge RP : Inhibition of Schwann cell myelination in vitro by antibody to the LI adhesion molecule. J Neurosci 10 : 3635-3645, 1990.
 
Woolf CT, Reynolds ML, Molander C, O'Brien C, Lindsay RM and Benowitz LI : The growth associated protein GAP-43 appears in dorsal root ganglion cells and in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury. Neuroscience 34 : 465-478, 1990.
 
Wuerker RB : Neurofilaments and glial filaments. Tissue Cell 2 : 1-10, 1970.
PubMed
Wuerker RB and Kirkpatrick JB : Neuronal microtubules, neurofilaments, and microfilaments. Intern Rev Cytol 33 : 45-75, 1972.
 
Wuerker RB and Palay SL : Neurofilaments and microtubules in anterior horn cells of the rat. Tissue Cell 1 : 387-402, 1969.
PubMed
Wujek JR and Lasek RJ : Correlation of axonal regeneration and slow component b in two branches of a single axon. J Neurosci 3 : 243-251, 1983.
 
Yamada KM and Kennedy DW : Dualistic nature of adhesive protein function : Fibronectin and its biologically active peptide fragments can autoinhibit fibronectin function. J Cell Biol 99 : 29-36, 1984.
PubMed
Yamada KM, Spooner BS and Wessels NK : Axon growth : Roles of microfilaments and microtubules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 66 : 1206-1212, 1970.
 
Yamada KM, Spooner BS and Wessells NK : Ultrastructure and function of growth cones and axons of cultured nerve cells. J Cell Biol 49 : 614-635, 1971.
PubMed
Yamada KM and Wessells NK : Axon elongation : Effect of nerve growth factor on microtubule protein. Exper Cell Res 66 : 346-352, 1971.
 
Yamamoto T, Iwasaki Y and Konno H : Retrograde axoplasmic transport of toxin lectins is useful for transgangionic tracings of the peripheral nerve. Brain Res 274 : 325-328, 1983.
 
Yamamoto T, Iwasaki Y and Konno H : Experimental sensory ganglionectomy by way of sciatic axoplasmic transport. J Neurosurg 60 : 108-114, 1984.
PubMed
Yan Q, Snider WD, Pinzone JJ and Johnson EM jr : Retrograde transport of nerve growth factor (NGF) in motoneurons of developing rats : Assessment of potential neurotrophic effects. Neuron 1 : 335-343, 1988.
PubMed
Yin HL : Gelsolin : Calcium-and polyphosphoinositide-regulated actin-modulating protein. Bio Essays 7 : 176-179. 1987.
 
Yisraeli JK, Sokol S and Melton DA : A two-step model for the localization of material mRNA in Xenopus oocytes : involvement of microtubules and microfilaments in the translation and anchoring of Vgl mRNA. Development 108 : 289-298, 1990.
 
Yokota R, Tohyama K and Ide C : Distribution of anionic sites on the basal lamina of Schwann cells. Neurosci Lett 41 : 49-54, 1983.
PubMed
Yolton LW : The effects of cutting the giant fibers in the earthworm Eisenia foetida (Sav). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 9 : 383-395, 1923.
PubMed
Young D : Specificity and regeneration in insect motor neurons. In : Developmental Neurobiology of Arthropods. Ed by D Young. Cambridge University Press, London, pp 179-202, 1973.
 
Young JZ : On the cytology of the neurons of cephalopods. Quart J Micr Sci 75 : 1-49, 1932.
 
Young JZ : Factors influencing the regeneration of nerves. Adv Surg 1 : 165-220, 1949.
 
Young JZ : Growth and plasticity in the nervous system. Proc Roy Sue B 139 : 18-37, 1951.
 
Yurchenco PD and Schittny JC : Molecular architecture of basement membranes. FASEB J 4 : 1577-1590, 1990.
PubMed
Zacks SI and Saito A : Uptake of exogenous horseradish peroxidase by coated vesicles in mouse neuromuscular junctions. J Histochem Cytochem 17 : 161-170, 1969.
PubMed
Zagon TS, Higbee R, Rieder BM and Goodman SR : Spectin subtypes in mammalian brain : an immunoelectron microscopic study. J Neurosci 6 : 2977-2986, 1986.
 
Zelena J, Jirmanova 1, Nitatori T Effacement and regeneration of tactile lamellar corpuscles of rat after postnatal nerve crush. Neurosci 39 : 513-522, 1990.
 
Zelena J, Lubinska L and Gutmann E : Accumulation of organelles at the ends of interrupted axons. Z Zellforsch 91 : 200-219, 1968.
PubMed
Zenker W and Hohberg E : a-Motorische Nervenfaser : Axonquerschnittflache von Stammfaser und Endasten. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 139 : 163-172, 1973.
 
Zottoli SJ, Hangen DH and Faber DS : The axon reation of the goldfish Manthner cell and factors that influence its morphological variability. J Comp Neurol 230 : 497-516, 1984.
 
Zuber MX, Strittmatter SM and Fishman MC : A membrane-targetting signal in the amino terminus of the neuronal protein GAP-43. Nature 341 : 345-348, 1989.
PubMed

VII 神経系の発生と分化

P.951 掲載の参考文献
Adelmann HB : Marcello Malpighi and the Evolution of Embryology. 5 Vols, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1966.
 
Adler B, Landa KB, Manthorpe M and Varon S : Cholinergic neurotrophic factors : intraocular distribution of soluble trophic activity for ciliary neuron. Science 204 : 1434-1436, 1979.
 
Adler JE, Schleifer LS and Black IB : Partial purification and characterization of a membrane-derived factor regulating neurotransmitter phenotypic expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 : 1080-1083, 1989.
PubMed
Aebischer P, Salessiotis AN and Winn SR : Basic fibroblast growth factor released from synthetic guidance channels facilitates peripheral nerve regeneration across long nerve gaps. J Neurosci Res 23 : 282-289, 1989.
PubMed
Akam M : The location of ultrabithorax transcripts in Drosophila tissue sections. EMBO J 2 : 2075-2084, 1983.
PubMed
Akam M : The molecular basis for metameric pattern in Drosophila embryo. Development 101 : 1-22, 1987.
PubMed
Akam M : Hox and HOM : Homologous gene clusters in insects and vertebrates. Cell 57 : 347-349, 1989.
PubMed
Akam M, Dawson El and Tear G : Homeotic genes and the control of segment diversity. Development 104 : Suppl 123-133, 1988.
 
Albers B : Competence as the main factor determing the size of the neural plate. Dev Growth Diff 29 : 535-545, 1987.
 
Allen E : The cessation of mitosis in the central nervous system of the albino rat. J Comp Neurol 22 : 547-568, 1912.
 
Alley KE : Morphogenesis of the trigeminal mesencephalic mucleus in the hamster : Cytogenesis and neurone death. J Embryol Exper Morphol 31 : 99-121, 1974.
 
Altar CA, Burton LE, Bennett GL and Dugich-Djordjevie M : Recombinant human nerve growth factor is biologically active and labels novel high -affinity binding sites in rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 : 281-285, 1991.
 
Altman J : Proliferation and migration of undifferentiated precursor cells in the rat during postnatal gliogenesis. Exper Neurol 16 : 263-278, 1966.
 
Altman J : Autoradiographic and histological studies of postnatal neurogenesis. II. A longitudinal investigation of the kinetics, migration and transformation of cells incorporating tritiated thymidine in infant rats, with special reference topostnatal neurogenesis in some brain regions. J Comp Neurol 128 : 431-474, 1966.
 
Altman J : Morphological development of the rat cerebellum and some of its mechanisms. Exper Brain Res, Suppl 6 : 8-46, 1982.
 
Altman J and Anderson WJ : Experimental reorganization of the cerebellar cortex. I. Morphological effects of elimination of all microneurons with prolonged x-irradiation at birth. J Comp Neurol 146 : 355-406, 1972.
 
Altman J and Bayer SA : Prenatal development of the cerebellar system in the rat. I. Cytogenesis and histogenesis of the deep nuclei and the cortex of the cerebellum. J Comp Neurol 179 : 23-48, 1978.
PubMed
Altman J and Bayer SA : Prenatal development of the cerebellar system in the rat. II. Cytogenesis and histogenesis of the inferior olive, pontine gray, and the precerebellar reticular nuclei. J Comp Neurol 179 : 49-76, 1978.
PubMed
Altman J and Bayer SA : Development of the diencephalon in the rat. IV. Quantitative study of the time of origin of neurons and the internuclear chronological gradients in the thalamus. J Comp Neurol 188 : 455-472, 1979.
 
Altman J and Bayer SA : Development of the diencephalon. V. Thymidine-radiographic observations on internuclear and intranuclear gradients in the thalamus. J Comp Neurol 188 : 473-500, 1979.
 
Altman J and Bayer SA : Development of the diencephalon. VI. Re-evaluation of the embryonic development of the thalamus on the basis of thymidine-radiographic datings. J Comp Neurol 188 : 501-524, 1979.
PubMed
Altman J and Bayer SA : Development of the brain stem in the rat. I. Thymidine radio-graphic study of the time of origin of neurons of the lower medulla. J Comp Neurol 194 : 1-35, 1980.
 
Altman J and Bayer SA : Development of the brain stem in the rat. II. Thymidine radio-graphic study of the time of origin of neurons of the upper medulla, excluding the vestibular and auditory nuclei. J Comp Neurol 194 : 37-56, 1980.
 
Altman J and Bayer SA : Development of the brain stem in the rat. III. Thymidine radio-graphic study of the time of origin of neurons of the vestibular and auditory nuclei of the upper medulla. J Comp Neurol 194 : 877-904, 1980.
 
Altman J and Bayer SA : Development of the brain stem in the rat. IV. Thymidine radiographic study of the time of origin of neurons in the pontine region. J Comp Neurol 194 : 905-929, 1980.
PubMed
Altman J and Bayer SA : Development of the cranial nerve ganglia and related nuclei in the rat. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 74 : 1-90, 1982.
PubMed
Altman J and Bayer SA : The development of the rat spinal cord. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 85 : 1-166, 1984.
PubMed
Altman J and Bayers SA : Embryonic development of the rat cerebellum. I. Delineation of the cerebellar primordium and early cell movements. J Comp Neurol 231 : 1-26, 1985.
 
Altman J and Bayers SA : Embryonic development of the rat cerebellum. II. Translocation and regional distribution of the deep neurons. J Comp Neurol 231 : 27-41, 1985.
 
Altman J and Bayers SA : Embryonic development of the rat cerebellum. Ill. Regional differences in the time of origin, migration, and settling of Purkinje cells. J Comp Neurol 231 : 42-65, 1985.
 
Altman J and Bayer SA : Development of the rat thalamus. I. Mosaic organization of the thalamic neuroepithelium. J Comp Neurol 275 : 346-377, 1988.
PubMed
Altman J and Bayer SA : Development of the rat thalamus. 11. Time and site of origin and settling pattern of neurons derived from the anterior lobule of the thalamic neuroepithelium. J Comp Neurol 275 : 378-405, 1988.
 
Altman J and Bayers SA : Development of the rat thalamus. Ill. Time and site of origin and settling pattern of neurons of the reticular nucleus. J Comp Neurol 275 : 406-428, 1988.
 
Altman J and Das GD : Postnatal origin of microneurons in the rat brain. Nature 207 : 953-956, 1965.
 
Altman J and Das GD : Autoradiographic and histological evidence of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. J Comp Neurol 124 : 319-336, 1965.
PubMed
Altman J and Das GD : Autoradiographic and histological studies of postnatal neurogenesis. I. J Comp Neurol 126 : 337-390, 1966.
 
Altman J and Das GD : Postnatal neurogenesis in the guinea pig. Nature 214 : 1098-1101, 1967.
PubMed
Alvarez-Buylla A, Theelen M and Nottebohm F : Birth of projection neurons in the higher vocal center of the canary forebrain before, during and after song learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 8722-8726. 1988.
PubMed
Anderson DJ : New roles for PDGF and CNTF in controlling the timing of glial cell differentiation in the optic nerve. Trends Neurosci 12 : 83-85, 1989.
PubMed
Anderson DJ : Molecular control of neural development. In : An Introduction to Molecular Neurobiology. Ed by ZW Hall, Sinauer Associates, Inc, Sunderland Mass, pp. 355-387, 1992.
 
Anderson KJ, Dam D, Lee S and Cotman CW : Basic fibroblast growth factor prevents death of lesioned cholinergic neurons in vivo. Nature 332 : 360-361, 1988.
PubMed
Angeletti PU, Levi-Montalcini R and Caramia F : Ultrastructural changes in sympathetic neurons of newborn and adult mice treated with nerve growth factor. J Ultrastruct Res 36 : 24-36, 1971.
PubMed
Angeletti RH and Bradshaw RA : Nerve growth factor from mouse submaxillary gland : Amino acid sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68 : 2417-2420, 1971.
PubMed
Angevine JB jr : Time of neuron origin in the hippocampal region : An autoradiographic study in the mouse. Exper Neurol, Suppl 2 : 1-70, 1965.
 
Angevine JB jr : Autoradiographic study of neuronal proliferation gradients in the diencephalon of the mouse. Anat Rec 160 : 308, 1968.
 
Angevine JB jr : Critical cellular events in the shaping of the neural centers. In : The Neurosciences. Ed by FO Schmitt and T Melnechuck. Rockefeller University Press, New York, Vol. II, 1970.
 
Angevine JB jr : Time of neuron origin in the diencephalon of the mouse. J Comp Neurol 139 : 129-187, 1970.
PubMed
Arens M and Straznicky C : The development of the trigeminal (V) motor nucleus in normal and tubocurare treated chick embryos. Anat Embryol 174 : 67-72, 1986.
PubMed
Armelin HA : Pituitary extracts and steroid hormones in the control of 3T3 cell growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70 : 2702-2706, 1973.
PubMed
Ascher P, Nowak L and Kehoe J : Glutamate-activated channels in molluscan and vertebrate neurons. In : Ion Channels in Neural Membranes. Ed by JM Ritchie, RD Keynes and L Bolis. Alan R Liss, New York, pp. 283-295, 1986.
 
Atlas M and Bond VP : The cell generation cycle of the eleven-day mouse embryo. J Cell Biol 26 : 19-24, 1965.
 
Awgulewitsch A and Jacobs D : Differential expression of Hox 3.1 protein in subregions of the embryonic and adult spinal cord. Development 108 : 411-420, 1990.
PubMed
Awgulewitsch A, Utset MF, Hart CP, McGinnis W and Ruddle FH : Spatial restriction in expression of a mouse homeobox locus within the central nervous system. Nature 320 : 328-335, 1986.
 
Azmitia EC, Dolan K and Whitaker-Azmitia PM : S-100β but not NGF, EGF, insulin or calmodulin is a CNS serotonergic growth factor. Brain Res 516 : 354-356, 1990.
 
Azmitia EC, Griffin WST, Marshak DR, Van Eldik LJ and Whitaker-Azmitia PM : S-100β and serotonin : a possible astrocytic-neuronal link to neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. Prog Brain Res 94 : 459-473, 1992.
 
Azmitia EC and Whitaker-Azmitia PM : Awakening the sleeping giant : anatomy and plasticity of brain serotonergic system. J Clin Psychatry 52 : Suppl 12, 4-16, 1991.
 
Baer KE von : Uber Entwicklungsgeschichte der Thiere, Beobachtung and Reflexion. Gebruder Borntrager, Konigsberg, Theil I. 1828, Theil II. 1837.
 
Bailey P and Cushing H : A Classification of the Tumors of the Glioma Group on an Histogenetic Basis with a Correlated Study of Prognosis. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1926.
 
Balfour FM : The development of elasmobranch fishes. Development of the trunk. J Anat Physiol (Lond) 11 : 128-172, 1876.
 
Barbera AJ : Adhesive recognition between developing retinal cells and optic tecta of the chick embryo. Dev Biol 46 : 167-191, 1975.
PubMed
Barbera AJ, Marchase RB and Roth S : Adhesive recognition and retinotectal specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70 : 2482-2486, 1973.
PubMed
Barbieri (1905) : M Jacobson : Developmental Neurobiology. Plenum Press, New York 3. Edit, 1991から引用.
 
Barbin G, Manthorpe M and Varon S : Purification of the chick eye ciliary neurotrophic factor. J Neurochem 43 : 1468-1478, 1984.
PubMed
Barde Y-A : Trophic factors and neuronal survival. Neuron 2 : 1525-1534, 1989.
PubMed
Battle Y-A, Edgar D and Thoenen H : Purification of a new neurotrophic factor from mammalian brain. EMBO J 1 : 549-553, 1982.
 
Baskin DG, Wilcox BJ, Figlewicz DP and Dorsa DM : Insulin and insulin-like growth factors in the CNS. Trends Neurosci 11 : 107-111, 1988.
PubMed
Bastiani MJ, du Lac S and Goodman CS : The first neuronal growth cones in insect embryos-Model system for studying the development of neuronal specificity. In : Model Neuronal Net-works and Behavior. Ed by At Selverston. Plenum Publ Press, New York, pp. 149-174, 1985.
 
Bastiani MJ, Harrelson AL, Snow PM and Goodman CS : Expression of fasciclin I and II glycoproteins on subsets of axon pathways during neuronal development in the grasshopper. Cell 48 : 745-755, 1987.
PubMed
Bate CM : Pioneer neurons in an insect embryo. Nature 260 : 54-56, 1976.
 
Bate CM : Proliferation and pattern formation in the embryonic nervous system of the grasshopper. NRP Bull 20 : 803-813, 1982.
 
Bayer SA : The development of the septal region in the rat. I. Neurogenesis examined with 3H-thymidine autoradiography. J Comp Neurol 183 : 89-106, 1979.
PubMed
Bayer SA : The development of the septal region in the rat. II. Morphogenesis in normal and X-irradiated embryos. J Comp Neurol 183 : 107-120, 1979.
 
Bayer SA : Development of the hippocampal region in the rat. I. Neurogenesis examined with 3H-thymidine autoradiography. J Comp Neurol 190 : 87-114, 1980.
PubMed
Bayer SA : Development of the hippocampal region in the rat. II. Morphogenesis during embryonic and early postnatal life. J Comp Neurol 190 : 115-134, 1980.
 
Bayer SA : Quantitative 3H-thymidine radiographic analysis of neurogenesis in the rat amygdala. J Comp Neurol 194 : 845 875, 1980.
 
Bayer SA :〔3H〕-Thymidine radiographic studies of neurogenesis in the rat olfactory bulb. Exper Brain Res 50 : 329-340, 1983.
 
Beard J : The histology of a transient nervous apparatus in certain Ichtyopsida. I. Raja batis. Zool Jb 9 : 319-426, 1856.
 
Beard J : The early development of Lepidosteus osseus. Proc Roy Soc (Lend), Set B 46 : 108-118, 1889.
 
Beard J : The transient ganglion-cells and their nerves in Raja batis. Anat Anz 7 : 191-206, 1892.
 
Beard J : On Certain Problems of Vertebrate Embryology. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1896.
 
Beard J : The history of a transient nervous appara-tus in certain Ichthyopsida. An account of the development and degeneration of ganglion-cells and nerve fibres. Zool Jb, Abt Morphol 9 : 1-106, 1896.
 
Bellairs R : The development of the nervous system in chick embryos studied by electron microscopy. J Embryol Exper Morphol 7 : 94-115, 1959.
 
Bellairs R : The primitive streak. Anat Embryol 174 : 1-14, 1986.
PubMed
Bentley D and Caudy M : Navigational substrates for peripheral pioneer growth cones : Limb-axis polarity cues, limb segment boundaries, and guidepost neurons. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 48 : 573-585, 1983.
PubMed
Bentley D and Keshishian H : Pathfinding by peripheral pioneer neurons in grasshoppers. Science 218 : 1082-1088, 1982.
PubMed
Berman P, Gray P, Chen E, Keyser K, Ehrlich D, Karten H, LaCorbiere M, Esch F and Schubert D : Sequence analysis, cellular localization, and expression of a neuroretina adhesion and cell survival molecule. Cell 51 : 135-142, 1987.
PubMed
Bhattacharya A, Oppenheim RW, Prevett D, Moore BW, Brackenbury R and Ratner N : S-100 is present in developing chicken neurons and Schwann cells and promoters motoneuron survival in vivo. J Neurobiol 23 : 451-466, 1992.
 
Birse SC, Leonard RB and Coggeshall RE : Neuronal increase in various areas of nervous system of the guppy, Lebistes. J Comp Neurol 194 : 291-301, 1980.
PubMed
Bixby J : Diversity of axonal growth promoting receptors and regulation of new questions. Neuron 6 : 305-320, 1992.
 
Bjerre B, Bjorklund A, Mobley W and Rosengren E : Short- and long-term effects of nerve growth factor on the sympathetic nervous system in the adult mouse. Brain Res 94 : 263-277, 1975.
 
Bjerre B, Wiklund L and Edwards DC : A study of the de- and regenerative changes in the sympa-thetic nervous system of the adult mouse after treatment with the antiserum to nerve growth factor. Brain Res 92 : 257-278, 1975.
 
Blakemore WF : The ultrastructure of the subependymal plate in the rat. J Anat 104 : 423-433, 1969.
 
Blam SB, Mitchell R, Tischer E, Rubin JS, Silva M, Silva S, Fiddes JC, Abraham JA and Aaronson SA : Addition of growth hormone secretion signal to basic fibroblast growth factor results in cell transformation and secretion of aberrant forms of the protein. Oncogene 3 : 129-136, 1988.
 
Blottner D, BrUggemann W and Unsicker K : Ciliary neurotrophic factor supports target-deprived preganglionic sympathetic spinal cord neurons. Neurosci Lett 105 : 316-320, 1989.
PubMed
Bocchini V and Angeletti PU : The nerve growth factor : purification as a 30, 000 molecules-weight protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 64 : 787-794, 1969.
 
Bogarad LD, Utset ME, Awgulewitsch A, Miki T, Hart CP and Ruddle FH : The developmental expression pattern of a new murine homeobox gene : Hex 2. Dev Biol 133 : 537-549, 1989.
 
Boncinelli E, Somma R, Acampora D, Pannese M, D'Esposito M and Simeone A : Organization of human homeobox genes. Hum Reprod 3 : 880-886, 1988.
PubMed
Bonhoeffer F and Huf J : In vitro experiments on axon guidance demonstrating an anterior-posterior gradient on the tectum. EMBO J 1 : 427-431, 1982.
PubMed
Bonhoeffer F and Huf J : Position-dependent properties of retinal axons and their growth cones. Nature 315 : 409-410, 1985.
PubMed
Bononie A : Bau and Histogenese des pathologischen Neurogliagewebes. Virchows Arch 163 : 441-497, 1901.
 
Bonome A : Istogeneisi della nevroglia normale nei vertebrate. Arch Ital Anat Embriol 6 : 157-345, 1907.
 
Boulder Committee : Angevine JB jr, Bodian D, Coulombre AJ, Edds MV jr, Hamburger V, Jacobsoil M, Lyser KM, Prestige MC, Sidman RL, Varon S and Weiss P : Embryonic vertebrate central nervous system : Revised terminology. Anat Rec 166 : 257-262, 1970.
 
Brauer A : Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Entwicklung and Anatomic der Gymnophionen, IV. Zool Jahrb, Suppl 7 : 409-428, 1904.
 
Brightman MW and Palay SL : The fine structure of ependyma in the brain of the rat. J Cell Biol 19 : 415-439, 1963.
 
Broman I : Beschreibung vines menschlichen Embryo. Morphologische Arbeiten von Schwalbe 1895.
 
Browder LW : Developmental Biology : A Comprehensive Synthesis. Vol. 2. The Cellular Basis of Morphogenesis. Plenum, New York, 1986.
 
Brown JW : Developmental history of nervus terminalis in embryos of insectivorous bats. Anat Rec 196 : 23-35. 1980.
PubMed
Booker ED : Implantation of tumors in the hindlimb field of the embryonic chick and developmental responce of the lumbosacral nervous system. Anat Rec 102 : 369-390, 1948.
 
Bullough WS : The control of mitotic activity in adult mammalian tissues. Biol Rev 37, 307, 1962.
PubMed
Bunt SM : Retinotopic and temporal organization of the optic nerve and tracts in the adult goldfish. J Comp Neurol 206 : 209-266, 1982.
PubMed
Burger MM : Role of the cell surface in growth and transformation. In : Macromolecules Regulating Growth and Development. Ed by ED Hay, TJ King and J Papaconstantinou. Academic Press, New York, pp. 3-24, 1974.
 
Burger MM, Turner RS, Kuhns WJ and Weinbaum G : A possible model for cell-cell recognition via surface macromolecules. Phil Trans Roy Sue London, Ser B, 271 : 379-393, 1975.
 
Burgess WH and Maciag T : The heparin-binding (fibroblast) growth factor family of proteins. Ann Rev Biochem 58 : 575-606, 1989.
PubMed
Burnham P, Raiborn C and Varon S : Replacement of nerve growth factor by ganglionic non-neuronal cells for the survival in vitro of dissociated ganglionic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69 : 3556-3560, 1972.
PubMed
Burnside B : Microtubules and microfilaments in newt neurulation. Dev Biol 26 : 416-441, 1971.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Sur l'origine et les ramifications des fibres nerveuses do In moelle embryonaire. Anat Anz 5 : 85-95 and 111-119, 1890.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : A quelle epoque apparaissent les expansions des cellules nerveuses de la moelle epiniere du poulet? Anat Anz 5 : 609-613 and 631-639, 1890.
 
Cajal S Ramon y : Estudios sobre la Degeneracion y Regeneracion del Sistema Nervioso. N. Moya, Madrid, 1913-1914.
 
Calof A : Sex, nose and genotype. Curr Biol 2 : 103-105, 1992.
PubMed
Cameron RS and Rakic P : Glial cell lineage in the cerebral cortex : a review and synthesis. Glia 4 : 124-137, 1991.
PubMed
Campbell LR, Dayton DH and Sohal GS : Neural tube defects : a review of human and animal studies on the etiology of neural tube defect. Teratology 34 : 171-187. 1986.
PubMed
Carr VM and Simpson SB : Proliferative and degenerative events in the early development of chick dorsal root ganglia. J Comp Neurol 182 : 727-740, 1978.
PubMed
Carr VM and Simpson SB : Rapid appearance of labeled degenerating cells in the dorsal root ganglia after exposure of chick embryos to tritiated thymidine. Dev Brain Res 2 : 157-162, 1982.
 
Candy M and Bentley D : Pioneer growth cone behavior at a differentiating segment boundary in the grasshopper embryo. Dev Biol 119 : 454-465, 1987.
 
Cavanagh JB and Lewis PD : Perfusion-fixation, colchicine and mitotic activity in the adult rat brain. J Anat 104 : 341-350, 1969.
 
Caviness VS jr : Time of neuron origin in the hippocampus and dentate gyros of normal and reeler mutant mice : An autoradiographic studies. J Comp Neurol 151 : 113-120, 1973.
 
Caviness VS jr : Neocortical histogenesis in normal and reeler mice ; a developmental study based on〔3H〕-thymidine autoradiography. Dev Brain Res 4 : 293-302, 1982.
 
Charcot J-M : Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System. New Sydenham Society, London (Translated by G Sigerson), 1877.
 
Charp PA, Kinders RJ and Johnson TC : G2 cell cycle arrest induced by glycopeptides isolated from the bovine cerebral cortex. J Cell Biol 97 : 311-316, 1983.
PubMed
Choi DW : Calcium-mediated neurotoxicity : Relationship to specific channel types and role in ischemic damage. Trends Neurosci 11 : 465-469, 1988.
PubMed
Clark E : The doctrine of the hollow nerve in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In : Medicine. Science and Culture. Ed by CS Stevenson and Multhauf. Johns Hoplins Press, Baltimore, pp 123-141, 1968.
 
Clarke PGH and Cowan WM : The development of the isthmo-optic tract in the chick, with special reference to the occurrence and correction of developmental errors in the location and connections of isthmo-optic neurons. J Comp Neurol 167 : 143-164, 1976.
 
Clarke PGH and Egloff M : Combined effects of deafferentiation and deefferentiation on isthmo-optic neurons during the period of their naturally occurring cell death. Anat Embryol 179 : 103-108, 1988.
 
Clarke PGH, Rogers LA and Cowan WM : The time of origin and the pattern of survival of neurons in the isthmo-optic nucleus of the chick. J Comp Neurol 167 : 125-142. 1976.
 
Cohen S : A nerve growth-promoting protein. In : The Chemical Basis of Development. Ed by WD McElory and B Glass. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, pp. 665-679, 1958.
 
Cohen S : Purification and metabolic effects of a nerve-promoting protein from snake venom. J Biol Chem 234 : 1129-1137, 1959.
PubMed
Cohen S : Purification of a nerve growth-promoting protein from the mouse salivary gland and its neurocytotoxic antiserum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 46 : 302-311, 1960.
PubMed
Cohen S : Isolation of a mouse submaxillary gland protein accelerating incisor eruption and eyelid opening in the new-born animal. J Hint Chem 237 : 1555-1562, 1962.
 
Cohen S : Isolation and biological effects of anepidermal growth-stimulating protein. Nat Cancer Inst Monogr 13 : 14-37, 1964.
 
Cohen S : The stimulation of epidermal proliferations by a specific protein (EGF). Dev Biol 12 : 394-407, 1965.
PubMed
Cohen S and Levi-Montalcini R : A nerve growth stimulating factor isolated from snake venom. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 42 : 571-574, 1956.
PubMed
Cohen S, Levi-Montalcini R and Hamburger V : A nerve-stimulating factor isolated from sarcoma 37 and 180. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 40 : 1014-1018, 1954.
 
Collin R : Recherches cytologiques sur le development de la cellule nerveuse. Le Nevraxe 8 : 181-307, 1906.
 
Cooke J : Mesoderm-inducing factors and Spemann's organiser phenomenon in amphibian development. Development 107 : 229-241, 1989.
PubMed
Cooke J, Smith JC, Smith EJ and Yaqoob M : The organization of mesodermal pattern in Xenopus laevis : Experiments using a Xenopus mesoderm-inducing factor. Development 101 : 893-908, 1987.
PubMed
Coomber BL and Scadding SR : Evidence for a chalone control mechanism in the limb regene-ration blastema of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. Cell Tissue Kinet 16 : 77-83, 1983.
 
Cooper NGF and Steindler DA : Monoclonal antibody to glial fibrillary acidic protein reveals a parcellation of individual barrels in the early postnatal mouse somatosensory cortex. Brain Res 380 : 341-348, 1986.
 
Cotman CW and Iversen LL : Excitatory amino acids in the brain focus on NMDA receptors. Trends Neurosci 10 : 263-265, 1987.
 
Cowan WM and Wenger E : Cell loss in the trochlear nucleus of the chick during normal development and after radical extripation of the optic vesicle. J Exper Zool 164 : 267-280, 1967.
 
Creps ES : Time of neuron origin in the anterior olfactory nucleus and nucleus of the lateral olfac tory tract of the mouse : An autoradiographic study. J Comp Neurol 157 : 139-160, 1974.
 
Creps ES : Time of neuron origin in preoptic and septal areas of the mouse : An autoradiographic study. J Comp Neurol 157 : 161-244, 1974.
PubMed
Crossland WJ, Cowan WM, Rogers LA and Kelly JP : The specification of the retino-tectal projection in the chick. J Comp Neurol 155 : 127-164, 1974.
 
Cuadros MA and Rios A : Spatial and temporal correlation between early nerve fiber growth and neuroepithelial cell death in the chick embryo retina. Anat Embryol 178 : 543-551, 1988.
PubMed
Cyert MS and Kirschner M : Regulation of MPF activity in vitro. Cell 53 : 185-195, 1988.
PubMed
D'Amico-Martel A and Noden DM : Contributions of placodal and neural crest cells to avian cranial peripheral ganglia. Amer J Anal 166 : 445-468, 1983.
 
Davidson EH : Gene Activity in Early Development. Ed by FL Orlando. Academic Press, 3rd Edit, pp. 411-524, 1986.
 
Davies AM : The emerging generality of the neurotrophic hypothesis. Trends Neurosci 11 : 243-244. 1988.
PubMed
Davies AM, Thoenen H and Barde Y-A : The response of chick sensory neurons to brain derived neurotrophic factor. J Neurosci 6 : 1897-1904, 1986.
PubMed
Davies AM, Thoenen H and Barde Y-A : Different factors from the central nervous system and periphery regulate the survival of sensory neurons. Nature 319 : 497-499, 1986.
PubMed
Davis CA, Noble-Topham SE, Rossant J and Joyner AL : Expression of the homeobox-containing gene En-2 delineates a specific region of the developing mouse brain. Genes Dev 2 : 361-371, 1988.
PubMed
Delsman HC : The Ancestry of Vertebrates. Valkoff, Amsterdam, 1922.
 
Denham S : A cell proliferation study of the neural retina in the two-day rat. J Embryol Exper Morphol 18 : 53-66, 1967.
 
Desplan C, Thesis J and O'Farrell PH : The sequence specificity of homeodomain-DNA inter -action. Cell 54 : 1081-1090, 1988.
 
Detwiler SR : Neuroembryology : An Experimental Study. Macmillan, New York, 1936.
 
Deuel TF : Polypeptide growth factors : Roles in normal and abnormal cell growth. Ann Rev Biol 3 : 443-492, 1987.
 
Dohrn A : Weitere Beitrage zur Beurteilung der Occipitalregion and der Ganglienleiste der Selachier. Mitt Zool Stat Napoli 15 : 555-654, 1902.
 
Donato R : Perspective in S-100 protein biology. Cell Calcium 12 : 713-726, 1991.
 
Deny C and Gruss P : Specific expression of the Hox 1.3 homeobox gene in murine embryonic structure originating from or induced by the meso-derm. EMBO J 6 : 2965-2975, 1987.
 
Dressler GR and Gruss P : Do multigene families regulate vertebrate development? Trends Genet 4 : 214-219, 1988.
PubMed
Dreyer D, Lagrange A, Grothe C and Unsicker K : Basic fibroblast growth factor prevents ontogenetic neuron death in vivo. Neurosci Lett 99 : 35-38, 1989.
PubMed
Driesch H : Entwicklungsmechanische Studien. I. Der Werth der beiden ersten Furchungszellen in der Echinodermenentwicklung. Experimentelle Erzeugen von Theil- und Doppel-bildung. Z wiss Zool 53 : 160-178 and 183-184. Tafel VII, 1892.
 
Driever W and Nusslein-Volhard C : A gradient of bicoid protein in Drosophila embryos. Cell 54 : 83-93, 1988.
PubMed
Driever W and Nusslein-Volhard C : The bicoid protein determines position in the Drosophila embryo in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell 54 : 95-104, 1988.
 
Duncan D : Electron microscope study of the embryonic neural tube and notchord. Texas Rep Biol Med 15 : 367-377, 1957.
 
Ebendal T, Larhammer D and Persson H : Structure and expression of the chicken β nerve growth factor. EMBO J 5 : 1483-1487, 1986.
 
Edelman GM : Cell adhesion molecules in the regulation of animal form and tissue pattern. Annu Rev Cell Biol 2 : 81-116, 1986.
PubMed
Edmondson JC, Liem RKH, Kuster JE and Hatten ME : Astrotactin : A novel neuronal surface membrane antigen that mediates neuron-astroglial interactions in cerebellar microcultures J Cell Biol 106 : 505-517, 1988.
 
Ellenberger C jr, Hanaway J and Netsky MG : Embryogenesis of the inferior olivary nucleus in tha rat : A radioautographic study and re-evaluation of the rhombic lip. J Comp Neurol 137 : 71-88, 1969.
 
Ernsberger U, Sendtner M and Rohrer H : Proliferation and differentiation of embryonic chick sympathetic neurons. Effects of ciliary neurotrophic factor. Neuron 2 : 1275-1284, 1989.
PubMed
Ernst M : Uber Untergang von Zellen wahrend der normalen Entwicklung bei Wirbeltieren. Z Anat Entw-gesch 79 : 228-262, 1926.
 
Essick CR : The corpus ponto-bulbare-a hitherto undescribed nuclear mass in the human hind brain. Amer J Anat 7 : 119-136, 1907.
 
Essick CR : On the embryology of the corpus ponto -bulbare and its relation to the development of the pons. Anat Rev 3 : 254-257, 1909.
 
Essick CR : The development of the nuclei pontis and the nucleus arcuatus in man. Amer J Anat 13 : 25-54, 1912.
 
Ettensohn CA : Mechanisms of epithelial invagination. Qart Rev Biol 60 : 289-307, 1985.
 
Evans T, Rosenthal ET, Youngblom J, Distel D and Hunt T : Cyclic : A protein specified by maternal mRNA in sea urchin eggs that is destroyed at each cleavage division. Cell 33 : 389-396, 1983.
 
Fallon J, Seroogy KB, Loughlin SE, Morrison RS, Bradshaw RA, Knauer DJ and Cunningham DD : Epidermal growth factor immunoreactive material in the central nervous system : location and development. Science 224 : 1107-1109, 1984.
 
Farrar WL, Vinocour M and Hill JM : In situ hybridization histochemistry localization of interleukin-3 mRNA in mouse brain. Blood 73 : 137-140, 1989.
PubMed
Feinberg AA, Utset MF, Bogarad LD, Hart CP, Awgulewitsch A, Ferguson-Smith A, Fainsod A, Rabin M and Ruddle FH : Homeobox genes in routine development. Curr Top Dev Biol 23 : 233-256, 1987.
 
Fernandez V : An autoradiographic study of the development of the anterior thalamic group and limbic cortex in the rabbit. J Comp Neurol 136 : 423-452, 1969.
 
Fernandez V and Bravo H : Autoradiographic study of development of the cerebral cortex in the rabbit. Brain Behav Evol 9 : 317-332, 1974.
PubMed
Ferrara N, Ousley F and Gospodarowicz D : Bovine brain astrocytes express basic fibroblast growth factor, a neurotrophic and angiogenic mitogen. Brain Res 462 : 223-232, 1988.
 
Ferrari G, Minozzi M-C, Toffano G, Leon A and Skaper SD : Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes the survival and development of mesencephalic neurons in culture. Dev Biol 133 : 140-147, 1989.
PubMed
Finkelstein SP, Apostolides PJ, Caday CG, Prosser J. Philips ME and Klagsbrun M : Increased basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) immunoreactivity at the site of local brain wounds. Brain Res 460 : 253-259, 1988.
 
Finlay BL and Slattery M : Local differences in the amount of early cell death in neocortex predict adult local specialization. Science 219 : 1349-1351, 1983.
PubMed
Flemming W : Uber das Verhalten des Kerns bei der Zellteilung and uber die Bedeutung mehrkerniger Zellen. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 77 : 1-29, 1879.
 
Flemming W : Zellsubstanz, Kern and Zelltheilung. Leipzig, 1882.
 
Forssman J : Uber die Ursachen welche die Wachstumsrichtung der peripheren Nervenfasern bei der Regeneration bestimmen. Beitr Pathol Anat Allg Pathol 24 : 56-100, 1898.
 
Forssman J : Zur Kenntois des Neurotropismus. Beitr Pathol Anat Allg Pathol 27 : 407-430, 1900.
 
Franco B, Guioli S, Pragliola A, Incerti B, Bardoni B, Tonlorenzi R, Carrozzo R, Maestrini E, Piereti M, Taillon-Miller P, Brown CJ, Willard HE, Lawrence C, Persico MG, Camerino G and Ballabio A : A gene deleted in Kallman's syndrome shares homology with neural cell adhesion and path-finding molecules. Nature 353 : 536-539, 1991.
 
Fraser SE, Keynes RJ and Lumsden A : Segmentation in the chick embryo hindbrain is defined by cell lineage restrictions. Nature 344 : 431-435, 1990.
 
Frei T, von Bohlen and Halbach F, Wille W and Schachner M : Different extracellular domains of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) are involved in different functions. J Cell Biol 118 : 177-194, 1992.
 
French V : The development of segments in the invertebrates. Seminars Dev Biol 1 : 9-100, 1990.
 
Froriep A : Zur Frage der sogenannten Neuromerie. Verb Anat Ges 162-167, 1892.
 
Fuchs PA, Henderson LP and Nicholls JG : Chemical transmission between individual Retzius and sensory neurones of the leech in culture. J Physiol 323 : 195-210, 1982.
PubMed
Fujisawa H : Retinotopic analysis of fiber pathways in the regenerating retinotectal system of the adult newt Cynops pyrrhogster. Brain Res 206 : 27-37, 1981.
PubMed
Fujisawa H : Pathways of retinotectal projection in developing Xenopus tadpoles revealed by selective labeling of retinal axons with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Dev Growth Differ 26 : 545-553, 1984.
 
Fujisawa H, Tani N, Watanabe K and Ibata Y : Retinotopic analysis of fiber pathways in amphibians. II. The frog Rana nigromaculata. Brain Res 206 : 21-26, 1981.
PubMed
Fujisawa H, Tani N, Watanabe K and Ibata Y : Branching of regenerating retinal axons and preferential selection of appropriate branches for specific neuronal connection in the newt. Dev Biol 90 : 43-57, 1982.
PubMed
Fujisawa H, Thanos S and Schwarz U : Mechanisms in the development of retinotectal projections in the chick embryo studied by surgical deflection of the retinal pathway. Dev Biol 102 : 356-367, 1984.
PubMed
Fujisawa H, Watanabe K, Tani N and Ibata Y : Retinotopic analysis of fiber pathways in amphibians. I. The adult newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. Brain Res 206 : 9-20, 1981.
PubMed
Fujita H and Fujita S : Electron microscopic studies on neuroblast differentiation in the central nervous system of domestic fowl. Z Zellforsch 60 : 463-478, 1963.
 
Fujita S : Mitotic pattern and histogenesis of central nervous system. Nature 185 : 702-703. 1960.
PubMed
Fujita S : Kinetics of cellular proliferation. Exper Cell Res 28 : 52-60, 1962.
 
Fujita S : The matrix cell and cytogenesis in the developing central nervous system. J Comp Neurol 120 : 37-42, 1963.
PubMed
藤田晢也 : 中枢神経系の組織発生と脳腫瘍の分類. 神経進歩 7 : 117-143, 1963
 
Fujita S : Analysis of neuron differentiation in the central nervous system by tritiated thymidine autoradiography. J Comp Neurol 122 : 311-328, 1964.
PubMed
Fujita S : The matrix cell and histogenesis of the nervous system. Laval Med 36 : 125-130, 1965.
PubMed
Fujita S : Applications of light and electron microscopic autoradiography to the study of cytogenesis of the forebrain. In : Evolution of the Forebrain, Phylogenesis and Ontogenesis of the Forebrain. Ed by R Hassler and H Stephan. G. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp. 180-196, 1966.
 
Fujita S : Quantitative analysis of cell proliferation and differentiation in the cortex of the postnatal mouse cerebellum. J Cell Biol 32 : 277-287, 1967.
PubMed
藤田晢也 : 中枢神経系における細胞の発生と分化. 神経生物学セミナー「神経系の発生と分化.医学研究振興財団編, 共立出版, 東京, pp.25-60, 1976.
 
Fujita S : Molecular mechanism of neuroblast differentiation. In : Molecular Basis of Neuronal Connetivity. Ed by M Satake, K Obata, H Hatanaka, E Miyamoto and T Okuyama. Kohko-Do, Niigata, pp. 1-4, 1992.
 
藤田晢也 : アストロサイトをめぐるグリアの発生と分化. 神経進歩 37 : 541-554, 1993.
 
Fujita S and Horn M : Analysis of cytogenesis in chick retina by tritiated thymidine autoradiography. Arch Histol Jap 23 : 359-366, 1963.
 
Fujita S, Horii M, Tanimura T and Nishimura H : H3-thymidine autoradiographic studies on cytokinetic responses to X-ray irradiation and to thino-TEPA in the neural tube of mouse embryo. Anat Rec 149 : 37-48, 1964.
 
藤田晢也・三宅敏彦・土橋康成・伏木信次 : グリア細胞の発生と分化. 神経進歩 27 : 20-33, 1983.
 
Fujita S, Shimada M and Nakamura T : 3H-Thymidine autoradiographic studies of the cell proliferation and differentiation in the external and internal granular layers of the mouse cerebellum. J Comp Neurol 128 : 191-208, 1966.
 
Fukada K : Hormonal control of neurotransmitter choice in sympathetic neurone cultures. Nature 287 : 553-555, 1980.
PubMed
Fukada K : Purification and partial characterization of a cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 : 8795-8799, 1985.
PubMed
Furley AJ, Morton SB, Manalo D, Karagogeos D, Dodd J and Jessell TM : The axonal glycoprotein TAG-1 is an immunoglobulin superfamily member with neurite out growth-promoting activity. Cell 61 : 157-170, 1990.
 
Garcia-Porrero JA, Colvee E and Ojeda JL : Cell death in the dorsal part of the optic cup. Evidence for a new necrotic area. J Embryol Exper Morphol 80 : 241-249, 1984.
 
Gardner RL : Clonal analysis of early mammalian development. Phil Trans Roy Soc (Lond) 312 : 163-178, 1985.
 
Gautier J, Norbury C, Lohka M, Nurse P and Mailer J : Purified maturation-promoting factor contains the product of a Xenopus homolog of the fission yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2+. Cell 54 : 433-439, 1988.
 
Gearing DP, Gough NM, King LA, Hilton DJ, Nicola NA, Simpson RJ, Nice EC, Kelso A and Metcalf D : Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA endoding a murine myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF). EMBO J 6 : 3995-4002, 1987.
 
Geelen JAG and Langman J : Ultrastructural observations on closure of the neural tube in the mouse. Anat Embryol 156 : 73-88, 1979.
 
Gehring WJ : Homeoboxes in the study of development. Science 236 : 1245-1252, 1987.
 
Gerhart J, Wu M and Kirschner M : Cell cycle dynamics of an M-phase-specific cytoplasmic factor in Xenopus laevis oocytes and eggs. J CellBiol 98 : 1247-1255, 1984.
 
Ghosh A, Antonini A, McConnell SK and Shatz CJ : Requirement for subplate neurons in the formation of thalamocortical connections. Nature 347 : 179-181, 1990.
PubMed
Gierke H : Die Statzsubstanz des Zentralnerven-systems. I. Teil. Arch Mikr Anat 25 : 441-554, 1885.
 
Gierke H : Die Stutzsubstanz des Zentralnerven-systems. IL Teil. Arch Mikr Anat 26 : 129-228, 1885.
 
Gilbert SF : Developmental Biology. Slower, Sunderland, MA, 2nd ed, pp. 73-111, 1988.
 
Giulian D and Baker TJ : Peptides released by ameboid microglia regulate astroglial proliferation. J Cell Biol 101 : 2411-2415, 1985.
PubMed
Giulian D and Lachman JE : Interleukin-1 stimulates astroglial proliferation after brain injury. Science 228 : 497-499, 1985.
 
Globus JH and Kuhlenbeck H : The subependymal cell plate (matrix) and its relationship to brain tumors of the ependymal type. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 3 : 1-35, 1944.
 
Globus JH and Strauss J : Spongioblastoma multiforme. A primary malignant form of brain neoplasm : its clinical and anatomic features. Arch Neurol Psychiat 14 : 139-191, 1925.
 
Glucksmann A : Development and differentiation of the tadpole eye. J Ophthalmol 24 : 153-178, 1940.
 
Glucksmann A : Cell deaths in normal vertebrate ontogeny. Biol Rev 26 : 59-86, 1951.
PubMed
Glucksmann A : Cell death in normal development. Arch Biol (Liege) 76 : 419-437, 1965.
PubMed
Godement P and Bonhoeffer F : Cross-species recognition of tectal cues by retinal fibers in vitro. Development 106 : 313-320, 1989.
PubMed
Goedert M, Otten U. Hunt SP, Bond A, Chapman D, Schlumpf M and Lichtensteiger W : Biochemical and anatomical effects of antibodies against nerve growth factor on developing rat sensory ganglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 : 1580-1584, 1984.
PubMed
Goldman SA and Nottebohm F : Neuronal production, migration, and differentiation in a vocal control nucleus of the adult female canary brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80 : 2390-2394, 1983.
 
Goldowitz D : The weaver phenotype is due to intrinsic action of the mutant locus in granule cells : Evidence from homozygous weaver chimeras. Neuron 2 : 1565-1575, 1989.
PubMed
Goldowitz D and Mullen RJ : Granule cell as a site of gene action in the mouse cerebellum. Evidence from heterozygous mutant chimeras. J Neurosci 2 : 1474-1485, 1982.
PubMed
Goodman CS : Embryonic development of identified neurons in the grasshopper. In : Neuronal Development. Ed by NC Spitzer. Plenum, New York/London, pp. 171-212, 1982.
 
Goodman CS, Raper JA, Ho RK and Chang S : Pathfinding by neuronal growth cones in grasshopper embryo. In : Developmental Order : Its Origin and Regulation. Alan R Liss, Inc. New York, pp. 275-316, 1982.
 
Goodrich ES : On the development of the segments of the head in Scyllium. Quart J Micr Sci 63 : 1-30, 1918.
 
Gospodarowicz D : Localization of a fibroblast growth factor and its effect alone and with hydrocortisone on 3T3 cell growth. Nature 249 : 123-127, 1974.
PubMed
Gospodarowicz D : Isolation and characterization of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor. Meth Enzymol 147 : 107-119, 1987.
 
Gospodarowicz D, Jones KL and Sato G : Purification of a growth factor for ovarian cells from bovine pituitary glands. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71 : 2295-2299, 1974.
PubMed
Gould E, Woolfe NJ and Butcher LL : Nerve growth factor receptor is associated with cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain but not pontomesencephalon. Neuroscience 30 : 143-152, 1989.
 
Graham A, Papalopulu N and Krumlauf R : The murine and Drosophila homeobox gene complexes have common features of organization and expression. Cell 57 : 367-378, 1989.
PubMed
Graham A, Papalopulu N, Lorimer J. McVey JH, Tudenham EGD and Krumlauf R : Characterization of a murine homeobox gene, Hox-2.6, related to the Drosophila deformated gene. Genes Dev 2 : 1424-1438, 1988.
 
Gray GE, Glover JC, Majors J and Sanes JR : Radial arrangement of clonally related cells in the chicken optic tectum : Lineage analysis with a recombinant retrovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 7356-7360, 1988.
PubMed
Graziadei PPC and Monti Graziadei GA : Continuos nerve cell renewal in the olfactory system. In : Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Ed by M Jacobson. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 55-83, 1978.
 
Graziadei PPC and Monti Graziadei GA : Neurogenesis and neuron regeneration in the olfactory system of mammals. I. Morphological aspects of differentiation and structural organization of the olfactory sensory neurons. J Neurocytol 8 : 1-18, 1979.
 
Graziadei PPC and Monti Graziadei GA : Neurogenesis and neuron regeneration in the olfactory system of mammals. II. Degeneration and reconstitution of the olfactory sensory neurons after axotomy. J Neurocytol 8 : 197-213, 1979.
 
Green JBA, Howes G, Symes K, Cooke J and Smith JC : The biological effects of XTC-MIF : Quantitative comparison with Xenopus bFGF. Development 108 : 173-183, 1990.
 
Grenningloh G, Rehm EJ and Goodman CS : Genetic analysis of growth cone guidance in Drosophila : fasciclin II functions as a neuronal recognition molecule. Cell 67 : 45-57, 1991.
PubMed
Grumet M : Cell adhesion molecules and their subgroups in the nervous system. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1 : 370-376, 1991.
PubMed
Haeckel E : Die Radiolarien (Rhizopoda radiaria) : Eine Monographie. 3 Bande. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1862-1868.
 
Haeckel E : Generelle Morphologie der Organismen : Allgemeine Grundzuge der organischen Formen-Wissenschaft, mechanisch begrundet durch die von Charles Dawin reformierte Descendenz-Theorie. 2 Bande. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1866.
 
Haeckel E : Naturliche Schopfungsgeschichte. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1868.
 
Haeckel E : Die Kalkschwamme : Fine Monographic. G. Reimer Berlin, 1872.
 
Haeckel E : Die Gastraea-Theorie, die phylogenetische Klassification des Tierreiches and Homologie der Keimblatter. Jena Z Naturwiss 8 : 1-55, 1875.
 
Haeckel E : Das System der Medusen. G. Fischer, Jena, 1879.
 
Haeckel E : Anthropogenie : Keimes- und Stammes-Geschichte des Menschen. Engelmann, Leipzig, 1874, 3. Aufl. 1879.
 
Halfter W, Claviez M and Schwarz U : Preferential adhesion of tectal membranes to anterior embryonic chick retina neurites. Nature 292 : 67-70, 1981.
PubMed
Hall BK and Horstadius S : The Neural Crest. Oxford University, London, 1988.
 
Hallbook F, Ibatnez CF and Person H : Evolutionary studies of the nerve growth factor reveal a novel member abundantly expressed in Xenopus ovary. Neuron 6 : 845-858, 1991.
 
Hama T, Kushima Y, Miyamoto M, Kubota M, Takei N and Hatanaka H : lnterleukin-6 improves the survival of mesencephalic catecholaminergic and septal cholinergic neurons from postnatal cholinergic neurons from postnatal, two-week-old rats in cultures. Neuroscience 40 : 445-452. 1991.
 
Hara K, Tydeman P and Kirschner M : A cytoplasmic clock with the same period as the division cycle in Xenopus eggs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77 : 462-466, 1980.
 
Hardesty I : On the development and nature of the neuroglia. Amer J Anat 3 : 229-268, 1904.
 
Harkmark W : Cell migrations from the rhombic lip to the inferior olive, the nucleus raphe and the pons. A morphological and experimental investigation on chick embryos. J Comp Neural 100 : 115-209, 1954.
 
Harkmark W : The influence of the cerebellum on development and maintenance of the inferior olive and the pons : An experimental investigation on chick embryos. J Exper Zool 131 : 333, 1956.
 
Harrison RG : On the stereotropism of embryonic cells. Science 34 : 279, 1911.
PubMed
Harrison RG : The reaction of embryonic cells to solid structures. J Exper Zool 17 : 521-544, 1914.
 
Hartsoeker N : Essai de dioptrique. Paris, 1694.
 
Harvey RP, Tabin CJ and Melton DA : Embryonic expression and nuclear localization of Xenopus homeobox (X box) gene products EMBO J 5 : 1237-1244, 1986.
 
Hatten ME : Riding the glial monorail : A common mechanism for glial-guided neuronal migration in different regions of the developing mammalian brain. Trends Neurosci 13 : 179-184, 1990.
PubMed
Hatten ME, Liem RKH and Mason CA : Weaver mouse cerebellar granule neurons fail to migrate on wild-type astroglial processes in vitro. J Neurosci 6 : 2676-2683, 1986.
 
Hatten ME, Lynch M, Rydel RE, Sanchez J, Joseph -Silverstein J, Moscatelli D and Rikin DB : In vitro neurite extenssion by granule neurons is dependent upon astroglial derived fibroblast growth factor. Dev Biol 125 : 280-289, 1988.
 
Haugen PK and Letourneau PC : Interleukin-2 enhances chick and rat sympathetic, but not sensory neurite outgrowth. J Neurosci Res 25 : 443-452, 1990.
 
Hayles J and Nurse P : Cell cycle regulation in yeast. J Cell Sci, Suppl 4 : 155-170, 1986.
 
Heaton MB and Moody SA : Early development and migration of the trigeminal motor nucleus in the chick embryo. J Comp Neurol 189 : 61-99, 1980.
PubMed
Heffner CD, Lumsden AGS and O'Leary DD : Target control of collateral extension and directional axon growth in the mammalian brain. Science 247 : 217-220, 1990.
 
Heine VI, Munoz EF, Flanders KC, Ellingsworth LR, Lam H-YP, Thompson NL, Roberts AB and Sporn MB : Role of transforming growth factor-β in the development of the mouse embryo. J Cell Biol 105 : 2861-2876, 1987.
 
Hermann F : Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Geschmacksorgans beim Kaninchen. Arch Mikr Anat 24 : 216-229, 1884.
 
Hertig A, Adams EC and Mulligan WJ : On the preimplantation stages of the human ovum : a description of four normal and four abnormal specimens ranging from the second to the fifth day of development. Contrib Embryol Carneg Inst 35 : 199-220, 1954.
 
Hertig AT and Rock J : Two human ova of the pre-villous stage, having an ovulation age of about eleven and twelve days respectively. Contrib Embryol Carneg Inst 29 : 127-156, 1941.
 
Hertig AT and Rock J : Two human ova of the pre-villous stage, having a developmental age of about seven and nine days respectively. Contrib Embryol Carneg Inst 31 : 65-84, 1945.
 
Hertwig O : Beitrdge zur Kenntnis der Bildung, Befruchtung, and Theilung des thierischen Eies. Morphol Jb 1 : 347-452, 1876.
 
Hertwig O : Handbuch der vergleichenden and experimentellen Entwicklungslehre der Wirbeltiere. Bd 1-3. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1901-1906.
 
Heumann D and Leuba G : Neuronal death in the development and aging of the cerebral cortex of the mouse. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 9 : 297-311, 1983.
PubMed
Hicks SP and D'Amato CJD : Cell migration to the isocortex in the rat. Anat Rec 160 : 619-634, 1968.
 
Hill C : Development. History of primary segments of the vertebrate head. Zool Jahrb, Abt Anat u Ontog, 13, 1900.
 
Hilton DJ, Nicola NA and Metcalf D : Purification of a murine leukemia inhibitory factor from Krebs ascites cells. Anal Biochem 173 : 359-367, 1988.
PubMed
Hinds JW : Autoradiographic study of histogenesis in the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb in the mouse. Anat Rec 154 : 358-359, 1966.
 
Hinds JW : Autoradiographic study of histogenesis in the mouse olfactory bulb. I. Time of origin of neurons and neuroglia. J Comp Neurol 134 : 287-304, 1968.
PubMed
Hinds JW : Autoradiographic study of histogenesis in the mouse olfactory bulb. II. Cell proliferation and migration. J Comp Neurol 134 : 305-322, 1968.
PubMed
Hinds JW and Angevine JB jr : Autoradiographic study of histogenesis in the area pyriformis and claustrum in the mouse. Anat Rec 151 : 456-457, 1965.
 
Hinds JW and Hinds PL : Early ganglion cell differentiation in the mouse retina : An electron microscopic analysis utilizing serial sections. Dev Biol 37 : 381-416, 1974.
PubMed
Hine RJ and Das GD : Neuroembryogenesis in the hippocampal formation of the rat. An autoradiographic study. Z Anat Entw-gesch 144 : 173-186, 1974.
 
His W : Untersuchungen fiber die erste Anlage des Wirbeltierleibes. Die erste Entwicklung des Hiihnchens im Ei. Vogel, Leipzig, 1868.
 
His W : Beschreibung eines Mikrotoms. Arch mikr Anal 6 : 229-232, 1870.
 
His W : Unserer Korperform and das Physiologische Problem ihrer Entstehung. Engelmann, Leipzig, 1874.
 
His W : Uber die Anftinge des peripherischen Nervensystemes. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abth, 455-482, 1879.
 
His W : Zur Geschichte des menschlichen Ruckenmarkes and der Nervenwurzeln. Abh kgl sdchs Ges Wiss math phys Kl 13 : 479-513, 1887.
 
His W : Die Entwicklung der ersten Nervenbahnen beim menschlichen Embryo. Ubersichtliche Dar stellung. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abth 92 : 368-378, 1887.
 
His W : Zur Geschichte des Gehirns sowie der centralen and peripherischen Nervenbahnen beim menschlichen Embryo. Abh kgl sachs Ges Wiss math phys KI 14 : 339-392, 1888.
 
His W : On the principles of animal morphology. Proc Roy Soc Edinburgh 15 : 287-297, 1888.
 
His W : Die Neuroblasten and deren Entstehung im embryonalen Mark. Abh kgl sachs Ges Wiss math phys Kl 15 : 311-372, 1889.
 
His W : Die Formentwicklung der menschlichen V orderhirns vom Ende des ersten his zum Begins des dritten Morals. Abh kgl sachs Ges Wiss math phys Kl 15 : 673-736, 1889.
 
His W : Die Neuroblasten and deren Entstehung im embryonalen Mark. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abt 249-300, 1889.
 
His W : Die Anatomische Nomenklatur. Nomina Anatomica. Arch Anat Physiol, Anat Abt, Sappl 5. 1-180, Veit, Leipzig, 1895.
 
His W : Anatomische Forschungen uber Johann Sebastian Bach's Gebeine and Antlitz. Abh kgl sachs Ges Wiss math phys Kl 22 : 379-420, 1895.
 
His W : Die Entwicklung des menschlichen Gehirn wahrend der ersten Morale. S Hirzel, Leipzig, 1765, 1904.
 
Hiscock J and Straznicky C : The formation of axonal projections of the mesencephalic trigeminal neurones in chick embryos. J Embryol Exper Morphol 93 : 281-290, 1986.
 
Hochstetter F : Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des menschlichen Gehirns. I. Ted, F Deuticke, Wien and Leipzig, 1919.
 
Hochstetter F : Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des menschlichen Gehirns. II. Teil, 1. Lieferung : Die Entwicklung der Zirbeldruse. F Deuticke, Wien and Leipzig, 1923.
 
Hochstetter F : Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des menschlichen Gehirns. II. Teil, 2. Lieferung : Die Entwicklung des Zirnanhanges. F Deuticke, Wien and Leipzig, 1924.
 
Hochstetter F : Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des menschlichen Gehirns. II. Ted, 3. Schlusslieferung : Die Entwicklung des Mittel- und Rautenhirns. F Deuticke, Wien and Leipzig, 1929.
 
Hoey T, Doyle HJ, Ilarding K, Weeden C and Levine M : Homeobox gene expression in anterior and posterior regions of the Drosophila embryo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 : 4809-4813, 1986.
 
Hofer MM and Battle Y-A : Brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents neuronal death in vivo. Nature 331 : 261-262, 1988.
 
Hoffmann CK : Metamerie des Nachhirns and Hinterhirns and ihre Beziehungen zu den segmentalen Kopfnerven bei Reptilienembryonen. Zool Anz 12 : 337-339, 1889.
 
Hoffman RS : Growth-activating effect of extracts of adult and embryonic tissues of rat on fibroblast colonies in vitro. Growth 4 : 361-376. 1940.
 
Hohn A, Leibrock J, Bailey K and Brade Y-A : Identification of a novel member of the nerve growth factor/brain-derived neurotrophic factor family. Nature 344 : 339-341, 1990.
 
Holland PWH : Homeobox genes and segmentation : co-option, co-evolution and convergence. Seminars Dev Biol 1 : 135-145, 1990.
 
Holland PWH and Hogan BLM : Phylogenetic distribution of Antennapedia-like homeoboxes. Nature 321 : 251-253, 1986.
 
Holland PWH and Hogan BLM : Spatially restricted patterns of expression of the homeobox -containing gene Hox-2. 1 during mouse embryogenesis. Development 102 : 159-174, 1988.
 
Holland P, Ingham P and Krauss S : Mice and flies head to head. Nature 358 : 627-628, 1992.
PubMed
Holley JA, Winner CC and Vaughn JE : Quantitative analysis of neuronal development in the lateral motor column of mouse spinal cord. III. Generation and settling patterns of large and small neurons. J Comp Neurol 207 : 333-343, 1982.
 
Hollyfield JG : Differential addition of cells to the retina in Rana pipiens tadpoles. Dev Biol 18 : 163-179, 1968.
 
Holtfreter J : Nachweis der Induktionsfahigkeit abgetoteter Keimteile. Isolations- und Transplantationsversuche. Arch Entw-mech Org 128 : 584-633, 1933.
 
Holtfreter J : Gewebsaffinitat, ein Mittel der embryonalen Formbildung. Arch Exper Zellforsch 23 : 169-209, 1939.
 
Holtfreter J : Neural differentiation of ectoderm through exposure to saline solution. J Exper Zool 95 : 307-343, 1944.
 
Horsburgh GM and Sefton AJ : Cellular degeneration and synaptogenesis in the developing retina of the rat. J Comp Neurol 263 : 553-566, 1987.
 
Hoshino K, Matsuzawa T and Murakami U : Characteristics of the cell cycle of matrix cells in the mouse embryo during histogenesis of telencephalon. Exper Cell Res 77 : 89-94, 1973.
 
Howard MJ and Bronner-Fraser M : Neural tubederived factors influence differentiation of neural crest cells in vitro effects on activity of neurotransmitter biosynthesis enzymes. Dev Biol 117 : 45-54, 1986.
PubMed
Hubel DH and Wiesel TN : Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex. J Physiol (Lond) 195 : 215-243, 1968.
PubMed
Hubel DH and Wiesel TN : Laminar and columna distribution of geniculocortical fibers in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 146 : 421-450, 1972.
 
Hubel DH and Wiesel TN : Functional architecture of macaque monkey visual cortex. Ferier lecture. Proc Roy Soc Lond Set B 198 : 1-59, 1977.
 
Hubel DH, Wiesel TN and Stryker MP : Anatomical demonstration of orientation columns in macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 177 : 361-380, 1978.
PubMed
Hughes AF : Development of the primary sensory system in Xenopus laevis (Daudin). J Anat 91 : 323-338, 1957.
 
Hughes AF : A History of Cytology. Abelard-Schuman, New York, 1959.
 
Hughes AF : Cell degeneration in the larval ventral horn of Xenopus laevis (Daudin). J Embryol Exper Morphol 9 : 269-284, 1961.
 
Hughes SM, Lillien LE, Raff MC, Rohrer H and Sendtner M : Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) as an inducer of type-2 astrocyte differentiation in rat optic nerve. Nature 335 : 70-73, 1988.
PubMed
Humphrey T : The development of the olfactory and the accessory olfactory formations in human embryos and fetuses. J Comp Neurol 73 : 431-468, 1940.
 
Hynes RO and Lander AD : Contact and adhesive specificities in the associations, migrations, and targeting of cells and axons. Cell 68 : 303-322, 1992.
PubMed
Ifft JD : An autoradiographic study of the time of final division of neurons in rat hypothalamic nuclei. J Comp Neurol 144 : 139-204, 1972.
 
Ingham PW : The molecular genetics of embryonic pattern formation of Drosophila. Nature 335 : 25-34, 1988.
PubMed
Ingvar D : Experiments on the influence of electric currents upon growing nerve cell processes in vitro. Acta Physicl Scand 13 : 150-154, 1947.
 
Ingvar S : Reaction of cells to galvanic current in tissue cultures. Proc Soc Exper Biol Med NY 17 : 198-199, 1920.
 
Ishii N, Wadsworth W, Stern BD, Culotti JG and Hedgecock E : UNC-6, a laminin-related protein, guides cell and pioneer axon migrations in C. elegans. Neuron 9 : 873-881, 1992.
 
Isobe T and Okuyama T : The amino-acid sequence of α-subunit in bovine brain S-100α protein. Eur J Biochem 116 : 78-86, 1981.
 
Iversen OH : The history of chalones. In : Chalones. Ed by JC Houch. American Elsevier Publ Co, New York, p. 37, 1976.
 
Iversen OH : The Chalones. In : Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Ed by R Baserga. Springer-Verlag, New York, Vol. 57, p. 491, 1981.
 
Jacobson AG : Somitomeres : Mesodermal segments of vertebrate embryos. Development 104 : Suppl 209-220, 1988.
 
Jacobson AG and Meier S : Morphogenesis of the head of a newt : Mesodermal segments, neuromeres, and distribution of neural crest. Dev Biol 106 : 181-193, 1984.
PubMed
Jacobson AG and Tam PPL : Cephalic neurulation in the mouse embryo analyzed by SEM and morphometry. Anat Rec 203 : 375-396, 1982.
 
Jacobson M : Development of neuronal specificityin retinal ganglion cells of Xenopus. Dev Biol 17 : 202-218, 1968.
 
Jacobson M : Clonal origins of the central nervous system. Towards a developmental anatomy. Zoon 6 : 149-156, 1978.
 
Jacobson M : Clones and compartments in the vertebrate central nervous system. Trends Neurosci 1 : 3-5, 1980.
 
Jacobson M : Clonal organization of the central nervous system of the frog. III. Clones stemming from individual blastomeres of the 128-, 256- and 512-cell stages. J Neurosci 3 : 1019-1038, 1983.
PubMed
Jacobson M : Clonal analysis and cell lineages of the vertebrate central nervous system. Ann Rev Neurosci 8 : 71-102, 1985.
PubMed
Jacobson M : Clonal analysis of the vertebrate central nervous system. Trends Neurosci 8 : 151-155, 1985.
 
Jacobson M : Developmental Neurobiology. Plenum Press, New York-London, 3rd Edit, 1991.
 
Janowsky JS and Einlay BL : Cell degeneration in early development of the forebrain and cerebellum. Anat Embryol 167 : 439-447, 1983.
 
Jeffery WR : Spatial distribution of mRNA in the cytoskeletal framework of Ascarian eggs. Dev Biol 103 : 482-492, 1984.
PubMed
Jelinek R : Proliferace v centralnin nervoven kurecich z'arodku I. Doba travanf mitosy v germinalf zone michy od 2. do 6. doe zarodecneho vyvoje. Csk Morfologie 7 : 163-173, 1959.
 
Jelinek R and Friebova Z : Influence of mitotic activity on neurulation movements. Nature 209 : 822-823, 1966.
PubMed
Jennes L : Prenatal development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-containing systems in rat brain. Brain Res 482 : 97-108, 1989.
PubMed
Jessell TM : Adhesion molecules and the hierarchy of neuronal development. Neuron 1 : 3-13, 1988.
PubMed
Johns PR : Growth of fish retinas. Amer Zool 21 : 441-458, 1981.
 
Johnson D, Lanahan A, Buch CR, Segal A, Morgan C, Mercer E, Bothwell M and Chao M : Expression and structure of the human NGF receptor. Cell 47 : 545-554, 1986.
 
Johnson MH, Chisholm JC, Fleming TP and Houliston E : A role of cytoplasmic determinants in the department of the mouse early embryo? J Embryol Exper Morphol. Suppl 97, 97-121, 1986.
 
Johnson RT and Rao PN : Mammalian cell fusion : induction of premature chromosome condensation in interphase nuclei. Nature 226 : 717-722, 1970.
PubMed
Johnston GC, Pringle JR and Hartwell LH : Coordination of growth with cell division in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Exper Cell Res 105 : 79-98, 1977.
 
Johnston JB : The nervus terminalis in man and mammals. Anat Rec 8 : 185-198, 1914.
 
Kallen B : Cell degeneration during normal ontogenesis of the rabbit brain. J Anat 89 : 153-161, 1955.
 
Kallen B : Mitotic patterning in the central nervous system of chick embryos studied by a colchicine method. 2. Anat Entw-gesch 123 : 309-319, 1962.
 
Kallen B : Degeneration and regeneration in the vetebrate central nervous system during embryogenesis. Prog Brain Res 14 : 77-96, 1965.
 
Kallen B : Early morphogenesis and pattern formation in the central nervous system. In : Organogenesis. Ed by RL DeHaan and H Ursprung. Holt, Reinhart and Winston, New York, pp. 107-128, 1965.
 
Kallros JJ : Growth and death of cells of the mesencephalic fifth nucleus in Rana pipiens larvae. J Comp Neurol 224 : 386-394, 1984.
 
Kamegai M, Niijima K, Kunishita T, Nishizuka M, Ogawa M, Araki M, Ueki A, Konishi Y and Tabira T : Interleukin-3 as a trophic factor for central cholinergic neurons in vitro and in vivo. Neuron 4 : 429-436, 1990.
 
Kaplan DR, Hempstead BL, Martin-Zanca D, Chao MV and Parada LF : The trk proto-oncogene product a signal transducing receptor for nerve growth factor. Science 252 : 554-558, 1991.
PubMed
Kaplan DR, Martin-Zanca D and Parada LF : Tyrosine phosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity of the trk proto-oncogene product induced by NGF. Nature 350 : 158-160, 1991.
 
Kaplan MS and Hinds JW : Neurogenesis in the adult rat : Electron microscopic analysis of light radioautographs. Science 197 : 1092-1094, 1977.
PubMed
Kaplan MS and Hinds JW : Gliogenesis of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the neocortical gray and white matter of the adult rat : Electron microscopic analysis of light radioautographs. J Comp Neurol 193 : 711-727, 1980.
PubMed
Kappers CU Ariens : Weitere Mitteilungen uber Neurobiotaxis. Die Selektivi[dt der Zellwanderung : Die Bedeutung synchronischer Reizwandschaft. Folia Neurobiol 1 : 507-534, 1907.
 
Kappers CU Ariens : Further contribution on neurobiotaxis. IX. An attempt to compare the phenomenon of neurobiotaxis with other phenomena of taxis and tropism. The dynamic polarization of the neuron. J Comp Neurol 27 : 261-298, 1917.
 
Kappers CU Ariens : Die Vergleichende Anatomie des Nervensystems der Wirbeltiere and des Menschen. De Erven F Bohn, Haarlem, 1920.
 
Kappers CU Ariens : On the structural laws in the nervous system : The principles of neurobiotaxis. Brain 44 : 125-149, 1921.
 
Kappers CU Ariens : Principles of development of the nervous system (neurobiotaxis). In : Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System. Ed by W Penfield. Hoeber, New York, Vol 1, pp. 43-89, 1932.
 
Karfunkel P : The role of microtubules and microfilaments in neurulation in Xenopus. Dev Biol 25 : 30-56, 1971.
PubMed
Karfunkel P : The activity of microtubules and microfilaments in neurulation in the chick. J Exper Zool 181 : 289-302, 1972.
 
Karfunkel P : Mechanism of neural tube formation. Int Rev Cytol 38 : 245-271, 1974.
PubMed
Karssen A and Sager B : Sur F influence du courant electrique sur la croissance des neuroblastes in vivo. Arch Exper Zellforsch 16 : 255-259, 1934.
 
Kaufman SL : An autoradiographic study of the generation cycle in the ten-day mouse embryo. Exper Cell Res 42 : 67-73, 1966.
 
Kaufman SL : Lengthening of the generation cycle during embryonic differentiation of the mouse neural tube. Exper Cell Res 49 : 420-424, 1968.
 
Kaufman TC, Lewis R and Wakimoto B : Cytogenetic analysis of chromosome 3 in Drosophila melanogaster : The homeotic gene complex in polytene chromosome interval 84A - B. Genetics 94 : 115-133, 1980.
 
Kelly SJ : Studies of the developmental potential of 4- and 8- cell stage mouse blastomeres. J Exper Zool 200 : 365-376, 1977.
 
Kershman J : The medulloblast and the medulloblastoma. A study of human embryos. Arch Neurol Psychiat 40 : 937-967, 1938.
 
Kessler JA. Conn G and Hatcher VB : Isolated plasma membranes regulate neurotransmitter expression and facilitate effects of a soluble brain cholinergic factor. Proc Natl Acad Soc USA 83 : 3528-3532, 1986.
 
Keynes RD and Lumsden A : Segmentation and the origin of regional diversity in the vertebrate central nervous system. Neuron 2 : 1-9, 1990.
 
Keynes RJ and Cook GMW : Repellent cues in axon guidance. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2 : 55-59, 1992.
 
Keynes RJ and Stern CD : Segmentation in the vertebrate nervous system. Nature 310 : 786-789, 1984.
PubMed
Kimelman D and Kirschner M : Synergistic induction of mesoderm by FGF and TGFβ and the identification of mRNA coding for FGF in early Xenopus embryos. Cell 51 : 869-877. 1987.
 
Kimelman D, Kirschner M and Scherson T : The events of the midblastula transition in Xenopus are regulated by changes in the cell cycle. Cell 48 : 399-407, 1987.
PubMed
Kinders RJ and Johnson TC : Isolation of cell surface glycopeptides from bovine cerebral cortex that inhibit cell growth and protein synthesis in normal but not in transformed cells. Biochem J 206 : 527-534, 1982.
PubMed
King AE, Cherubim E and Nistri A : A study of amino-acid-activated currents recorded from frog motoneurones in vitro. Neurosci Lett 76 : 179-184, 1987.
 
Kirschner M, Newport J and Gerhart J : The timing of early developmental events in Xenopus. Trends Genet 1 : 41-47, 1985.
 
Klein R, Jing S, Nanduri V, O'Rourke E and Barbacid M : The Irk proto-oncogene encodes a receptor for nerve growth factor. Cell 65 : 189-197, 1991.
 
Kligman D and Hilt DC : The S-100 protein family. Trends Neurosci 13 : 437-443, 1988.
 
Kligman D and Marshals DR : Purification and characterization of a neurite extension factor from bovine brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 : 7136-7139, 1985.
 
Koelliker A v : Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Geschlechtverhaltnisse and der Samenflussigkeit wirbelloser Thiere, nebst einem Versuch fiber Wesen and die Bedeutung der sogenannten Samenthiere. Engelmann, Berlin, 1841.
 
Koelliker A v : Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen. Engelmann, Leipzig, 1. Aufi, 1852.
 
Koelliker A v : Grundriss der Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen and der hoheren Tiere. Fur Studierende and Arzte. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, Zweite And, 1884.
 
Koelliker A v : Uber die Entwicklung der Elemente des Nervensystems, contra Beard and Dohrn. Verb Anat Ges 6 : 76-78, 1892.
 
Kollros JJ : Growth and death of cells of the mesencephalic fifth nucleus in Raga pipiens larvae. J Comp N eurol 224 : 386-394, 1984.
 
Kollros JJ and Thiesse ML : Growth and death of cells of the mesencephalic fifth nucleus in Xenopus laevis larvae. J Comp Neurol 233 : 481-489, 1985.
PubMed
Krikorian D, Manthorpe M and Varon S : Purified mouse Schwann cells : Mitogenic effects of fetal calf serum and fibroblast growth factor. Dev Neurosci 5 : 77-91, 1982.
PubMed
Krumlauf R, Holland PWII, Me Vey JH and Hogan BLM : Developmental and spatial patterns of expression of the mouse homeobox gene, Hox-2. 1. Development 99 : 603-617, 1987.
 
Krystosek A and Seeds NW : Plasminogen activator secretion by granule neurons in cultures of developing cerebellum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78 : 7810-7814, 1981.
PubMed
Krystosek A and Seeds NW : Plasminogen activator release at the neuronal growth cone. Science 213 : 1523-1534. 1981.
 
Kuhlenbeck H : The transitory superficial granular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Its relationship to certain cerebellar neoplasms. Amer Med Women's Ass J 5 : 347-351. 1950.
 
Kupffer C v : Primare Metamerie des Nervenrohrs der Vertebraten. Sitz-Ber Math Physik Kl Akad, Munchen, 1885.
 
Kupffer C v : Studien zur vergleichenden Entwicklungsgeschichte des Kopfes der Cranioten. Heft III. Die Entwicklung der Kopfnerven von Ammocoetes planeri. Munchen, 1895.
 
Kupffer K v : Die Morphologie des Centralnervensystems. In : Handbuch der vergleichenden und experimentellen Entwicklungslehre der Wirbeltiere. Herausg 0 Hertwig, Bd II, Teil 3, Kapitel VIII. Gustav Fischer, Jena, S 1-272, 1906.
 
呉建, 冲中重雄 : 自律神経系. 日本医書出版社, 東京, 第4版, 1949.
 
Lakshmanan J, Weichsel ME jr and Fisher DA : Epidermal growth factor in synaptosomal fractions of mouse cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 46 : 1081-1085, 1986.
PubMed
Lamborghini JE : Rohon-Beard cells and other large neurons in Xenopus originate during gastulation. J Comp Neurol 189 : 323-333, 1980.
 
Lamborghini JE : Disappearance of Rohon-Beard neurons from the spinal cord of larval Xenopus laevis. J Comp Neurol 264 : 47-55, 1987.
PubMed
Lance-Jones C and Landmesser L : Motoneurone projection patterns in the chick hind limb following early partial reversals of the spinal cord. J Physiol 302 : 581-602, 1980.
PubMed
Lance-Jones C and Landmesser L : Pathway selection by chick lumbosacral motoneurons during normal development. Proc Roy Sue Lond Ser B 214 : 1-18, 1981.
 
Lance-Jones C and Landmesser L : Pathway selection by embryonic chick motoneurons in an experimentally altered environment. Proc Roy Sac Lond Ser B 214 : 19-52, 1981.
 
Landmesser L and Pilar G : Synaptic transmission and cell death during normal ganglionic development. J Physiol (Lond) 241 : 737-749, 1974.
PubMed
Landmesser L and Pilar G : Fate of ganglionic synapses and ganglion cell axons during normal and induced cell death. J Cell Biol 68 : 357-374, 1976.
PubMed
Langman J : Histogenesis of the central nervous system. In : The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue. Ed by GH Bourne. Academic Press, New York, pp. 33-65, 1968.
 
Langman J, Guerrant R and Freeman B : Behavior of neuroepithelial cells. J Comp Neurol 127 : 399-412, 1966.
PubMed
Langman J and Welch GW : Excess vitamin A and development of the cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 131 : 15-26, 1967.
PubMed
Larsen WJ : Human Embryology. Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1993.
 
Laurence EB and Thornley AL : Chalone tissue specificity and the embryonic derivation of organs. An appraisal of the problems. In : Chalones. Ed by JC Houck. American Elsevier Publ Co, New York, p. 273, 1976.
 
LaVail JH and Cowan WM : The development of the chick optic tectum. I. Normal morphology and cytoarchitectonic development. Brain Res 28 : 391-419, 1971.
PubMed
LaVail JH and Cowan WM : The development of the chick optic tectum. 11. Autoradiographic studies. Brain Res 28 : 421-441, 1971.
 
Lawrence PA : Background to bicoid. Cell 54 : 1-2, 1988.
PubMed
Le Douarin NM : A biological cell labelling technique and its use in experimental embryology. Dev Biol 30 : 217-222, 1973.
 
Le Douarin NM and Teillet M-A : The migration of neural crest cells to the wall of the digestive tract in avian embryo. J Embryol Exper Morphol 30 : 31-48, 1973.
 
Le Douarin NM and Teillet M-A : Experimental analysis of the migration and differentiation of neuroblasts of the autonomic nervous system and of neuroectodermal mesenchymal derivatives, using a biological cell marking technique. Dev Biol 41 : 162-184, 1974.
 
Lee M and Nurse P : Cell cycle control genes in fission yeast and mammalian cells. Trends Genet 4 : 287, 1988.
PubMed
Leeuwenhoek A van : Letter to the Royal Society of London. Quoted in EG Ruestow : Images and Ideas : Leeuwenhoek's perception of the spermatozoa. J Hist Biol 16 : 185-224, 1685.
 
Lefcort F and Bentley D : Pathfinding by pioneer neurons in isolated, opend and mesoderm-free buds of embryonic grasshoppers. Dev Biol 119 : 466-480, 1987.
 
Legouis R, Hardelin JP, Levilliers J, Claverie J-M, Compain 5, Wunderle V, Millasseau P, Le Paslier D, Cohen D, Caterina D, Bougueleret L, Delemarre-Van de Waal H, Lutfalla G, Weissenbach J and Petit C : The candidate gene for the X-linked Kallman syndrome encodes α protein related to adhesion molecules. Cell 67 : 423-435, 1991.
 
Lehmann FE : Regionale Verschiedenheiten des Organisators von Triton, insbesondere in der vorderen and hinteren Kopfregion nachgewiesen durch phasenspezifische Erzeugung von Lithiumbedingten and operative bewirkten Regionaldefekten. Arch Entw-mech Org 138 : 106-158, 1938.
 
Leibovich SJ, Prolverini PJ, Shepard HM, Wiseman DM, Shively V and Nuseir N : Macrophage-induced angiogenesis is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Nature 329 : 630-635, 1987.
 
Leibrock J, Lottspeich F, Hohn A, Hofer M, Hengerer B, Masiakowski P, Thoenen H and Barde Y-A : Molecular cloning and expression of brain -derived neurotrophic factor. Nature 341 : 149-152, 1989.
PubMed
LeMouellic H, Condamine H and Brulet P : Pattern of transcription of the homeo gene Hox-3.1 in the mouse embryo. Genes Dev 2 : 125-135, 1988.
 
Leonard RB, Coggeshall RE and Willis WD : A documentation of an age related increase in neuronal and axonal numbers in the sting ray, Dasyatis sabina Leseuer. J Comp Neural 179 : 13-22, 1978.
 
Leung-Hagesteijn C, Spence AM, Stern BD, Zhou Y, So MW, Hadgecock EM and Culotti JG : UNC-5, a transmembrane protein with immunoglobulin and thrombospondin type I domains, guides cell and pioneer axon migrations in C. elegans. Cell 71 : 289-909, 1992.
 
Levi-Montalcini R : Effects of mouse tumor transplantation on the nervous system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 55 : 330-343, 1952.
PubMed
Levi-Montalcini R : Growth and differentiation in the nervous system. In : The Nature of Biological Diversity. Ed by J Allen. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 261-295, 1963.
 
Levi-Montalcini R : Events in the developing nervous system. In : Progress in Brain Research, Growth and Maturation of the Brain. Ed by DP Purpura and JP Schade. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 4 : 1-29, 1964.
 
Levi-Montalcini R and Angeletti PU : Nerve growth factor. Physiol Rev 48 : 534-569, 1968.
PubMed
Levi-Montalcini R and Booker B : Excessive growth of the sympathetic ganglia evoked by a protein isolated from mouse salivary glands. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 42 : 373-384, 1960.
 
Levi-Montalcini R and Cohen S : In vitro and in vivo effects of a nerve growth stimulating agent isolated from snake venom. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 42 : 695-699, 1956.
PubMed
Levi-Montalcini R and Cohen S : Effects of the extract of the mouse salivary glands on the sympathetic system of mammals. Ann NY Acad Sci 85 : 324-341, 1960.
PubMed
Levi-Montalcini R and Hamburger V : Selective growth stimulating effects of mouse sarcoma on the sensory and sympathetic nervous system of the chick embryo. J Exper Zool 116 : 321-362, 1951.
 
Levi-Montalcini R and Hamburger V : A diffusible agent of mouse sarcoma producing hyperplasia of sympathetic ganglia and hyperneurotization of the chick embryo. J Exper Zool 123 : 233-288, 1953.
 
Levi-Montalcini R, Meyer H and Hamburger V : In vitro experiments on the effects of mouse Sarcoma 180 and 37 on the spinal and sympathetic ganglia of the chick embryo. Cancer Res 14 : 49-57, 1954.
 
Levine R and Jacobson M : Development of optic nerve fibers is determined by positional makers in the frog's tectum. Exper Neural 43 : 527-538, 1974.
 
Levine R and Jacobson M : Discontinuous mapping of retina onto tectum innervated by both eyes. Brain Res 98 : 172-176, 1975.
PubMed
Levitt P, Cooper ML and Rakic P : Coexistence of neuronal and glial precursor cells in the cerebral ventricular zone of the fetal monkey : an ultrastructural immunoperoxidase analysis. J Neurosci 1 : 27-39, 1981.
PubMed
Levitt P and Rakic P : Immunoperoxidase localization of glial fibrillary acid protein in radial glial cells and astrocytes of the developing rhesus monkey brain. J Comp Neurol 193 : 815-840, 1980.
 
Lewis EB : A gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila. Nature 276 : 565-570, 1978.
PubMed
Lewis PD : Kinetics of cell proliferation in the postnatal rat dentate gyros. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1 : 21 29, 1978.
 
Lewis PD and Lai M : Cell generation in the subependymal layer of the rat brain during the early postnatal period. Brain Res 77 : 520-525, 1974.
 
Lewis WH and Hartman CG : Early cleavage stages of the egg of the monkey (Macacus rhesus). Contrib Embryol Carneg Inst 24 : 187-201, 1933.
 
Lillien LE, Sendtner, M, Rohrer H, Hughes SM and Raff MC : Type-2 astrocyte development in rat brain cultures is initiated by a CNTF-like protein produced by type-1 astrocytes. Neuron 1 : 485-494, 1988.
PubMed
Lim R : Glia maturation factor and other factors acting on glia. In : Growth and Maturation Factors. Ed by G Guroff. J Wiley, New York, pp. 119-147, 1985.
 
Lim R, Hicklin DJ, Miller JF, Williams TH and Crabtree JB : Distribution of immunoreaktive glia maturation factor-like molecule in organs and tissues. Dev Brain Res 33 : 93-100, 1987.
 
Lim R and Miller JF : Isolation and sequence analysis of GMF-beta : A neural growth factor. J Cell Biol 107 : 270a, 1988.
 
Lim R, Miller JF, Hicklin DJ and Andresen AA : Purification of bovine glia maturation factor and characterization with monoclonal antibody. Biochemistry 24 : 8070-8074, 1985.
PubMed
Lim R, Miller JF and Zaheer A : Purification and characterization of glia maturation factor-beta : A growth regulator for neurons and glia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 : 3901-3905, 1989.
PubMed
Lim R, Zaheer A and Lane WS : Complete amino acid sequence of bovine glia matulation factor β. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 : 5233-5237, 1990.
 
Lin L-F, Arnmes LG, Somnmer A, Smith DJ and Collins F : Isolation and characterization of ciliary neurotrophic factor from rabbit sciatic nerves. J Biol Chem 265 : 8942-8947, 1990.
 
Lin L-F, Mismer IID, Lile JD, Arnmes LG, Butler III ET, Vannice JL and Collins F : Purification, cloping, and expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Science 246 : 1023-1025, 1989.
 
Lindholm DR, Heumann D, Meyer M and Thoenen H : Interleukin-1 regulates synthesis of nerve growth factor in non-neuronal cells of the rat sciatic nerve. Nature 330 : 658-659. 1987.
 
Lindsay RM : Placode and neural crest-derived sensory neurons are responsive at early developmental stage to brain-derived neurotrophic facfor. Dev Biol 112 : 319-328, 1985.
PubMed
Lindsay RM, Thoenen H and Battle Y-A : Placode and neural crest-derived sensory neurons are responsive at early developmental stage to brain -derived neurotrophic factor. Dev Biol 112 : 319-328, 1985.
 
Lindsay RM, Wiegand SJ, Altar CA and DiStefano PS : Neurotophic factors : from molecule to man. Trends Neurosci 17 : 182-190, 1994.
 
Lipton SA, Wagner JA, Madison RD and D'Amore PA : Acidic fibroblast growth factor enhances regeneration of processes by postnatal mammalian retinal ganglion cells in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 2388-2392, 1988.
 
Locy WA : Metameric segmentation in the medullary folds and embryonic rim. Anat Anz 9 : 393-415, 1894.
 
Lohka MJ : Mitotic control by metaphase-promoting factor and cdc proteins. J Cell Sci 92 : 131-135, 1989.
PubMed
Lohka MJ, Hayes MK and Mailer JL : Purification of maturation-promoting factor an intracellular regulator of early mitotic events. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 85 : 3009-3013, 1988.
 
Lorente de No R : Limits of variation of the synaptic delay of motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 1 : 187-194, 1938.
 
Lorente de No R : The cereoral cortex. Architecture, intracortical connections and motor projections. In : Physiology of the Nervous System. Ed by JF Fulton. Oxford University Press, London, pp 291-325, 1938.
 
Lu B, Buck CR, Dreyfus CF and Black IB : Expression of NGF and NGF receptor mRNAs in the developing brain : Evidence for local delivery and action of NGF. Exper Neurol 104 : 191-199, 1989.
 
Lugaro E : Sul neurotropismo e sui trapianti dei nervi. Riv Pathol Nerv Ment 11 : 320-327, 1906.
 
Lumsden A : The cellular basis of segmentation in the developing hindbrain. Trends Neurosci 13 : 329-335, 1990.
PubMed
Lumsden A and Keynes R : Segmental patterns of neuronal development in the chick hindbrain. Nature 337 : 424-428, 1989.
PubMed
Lunisden A, Sprawson N and Graham A : Segmental origin and migration of neural crest cells in the hindbrain region of the chick embryo. Development 113 : 1281-1291, 1991.
 
Lumsden AGS and Davies AM : Chemotrophic effect of specific target epithelium in the developing mammalian nervous system. Nature 323 : 538-539, 1986.
 
Luskin MB, Pearlnman AL and Sanes JR : Cell lineage in the cerebral cortex of the mouse studied in vivo and in vitro with a recombinant retrovirus. Neuron 1 : 635-647, 1988.
 
Luskin MB and Shatz CJ : Studies of the earliest generated cells of the cat's visual cortex : Cogeneration of subplate and marginal zones. J Neurosci 5 : 1062-1075, 1985.
 
Mains RE and Patterson PH : Primary cultures of dissociated sympathetic neurons. I. Establishment of long-term growth in culture and studies of differentiated properties. J Cell Biol 59 : 329-345, 1973.
PubMed
Maisonpierre PC, Belluscio L, Squinto S, Ip NY, Furth ME, Lindsay RM and Yancopoulos GD : Neurotrophin-3 : A neurotrophic factor related to NGF and BDNF. Science 247 : 1446-1451, 1990.
PubMed
Maller JL : Regulation of amphibian oocyte maturation. Cell Diff 16 : 211-221, 1985.
 
Mangold O and Spemann H : uber Induktion von Medullarplatte durch Medullarplatte in jungeren Keim ; ein Beispiel homeogenetischer oder assimilatorischer Induktion. Roux Arch Entw-Mech 3 : 341-422, 1927.
 
Manthorpe M, Skaper SD, Adler R and Varon S : Cholinergic neurotrophic factors : Fractionation properties of an extract from selected chick embryonic eye tissues. J Neurochem 34 : 69-75, 1980.
 
Manthorpe M, Skaper S. Williams LR and Varon S : Purification of adult rat sciatic nerve ciliary neurotrophic factor. Brain Res 367 : 282-286, 1986.
PubMed
Marchase RB, Barbera AJ and Roth S : A moleculer approach to retinotectal specificity. In : Cell Patterning. Ciba Foundation Symposium 29, Elsevier, New York, pp 315-327, 1975.
 
Mares V and Lodin Z : The cellular kinetics of the developing mouse cerebellum. II. The function of the external granular layer in the process of gyrification. Brain Res 23 : 343-352, 1970.
PubMed
Mares V, Lodin Z and Srajer J : The cellular kinetics of the developing mouse cerebellum. I. The generation cycle, growth fraction and rate of proliferation of the external granular layer. Brain Res 23 : 323-342, 1970.
PubMed
Marinesco G : Le mecanisme de la regenerescence nerveuse, premiere partie : Degenerescence et regenerescence des nerfs. Rev Gen Sci Paris, Appl 4 : 145-159, 1907.
 
Marsh G and Beams HW : In vitro control of growing chick nerve fibers by applied electric currents. J Cell Comp Physiol 27 : 139-157, 1946.
PubMed
Marsh G and Beams HW : Orientation of chick nerve fibers by direct electric currents. Anat Rec 94 : 370, 1946.
PubMed
Marshak DR : S-100β as a neurotrophic factor. Prog Brain Res 88 : 169-191, 1990.
 
Martin AH : Significance of mitotic spindle fibre orientation in the neural tube. Nature 216 : 1133-1134, 1967.
PubMed
Martin AH and Langman J : The development of the spinal cord examined by autoradiography. J Embryol Exper Morphol 14 : 23-35, 1965.
 
Martin MR and Rickets C : Histogenesis of the cochlear nucleus of the mouse. J Comp Neurol 197 : 169-184, 1981.
PubMed
Martin-Zanca D, Barbacid M and Parada LF : Expression on the trk proto - oncogene is restricted to the sensory cranial and spinal ganglia of neural crest origin in mouse development. Genes Dev 4 : 683-694, 1990.
 
Martin-Zanca D, Hughes Sit and Barbacid M : A human oncogene formed by the fusion of truncated tropomyosin and protein tyrosine kinase sequences. Nature 319 : 743 748, 1986.
 
Mattson MP, Murrain M, Guthrie PB and Kater SB : Fibroblast growth factor and glutamate : Opposing roles in the generation and degeneration of hippocampal neuroarchitecture. J Neurosci 9 : 3728-3740, 1989.
PubMed
May RM : The relation of nerves to degenerating and regenerating taste buds. J Exper Zool 42 : 371-410, 1925.
 
McClare CFW : Segmentation of the primitive vertebrate brain. J Morphol 4 : 35-56, 1890.
 
McClay DR : A requirment for trypsin-sensitive cell -surface components for cell-cell interactions of embryonic neural retina cells. J Cell Biol 75 : 56-66, 1977.
 
McClay DR and Ettensohn CA : Cell adhesion in morphogenesis. Cell Biol 3 : 319-345, 1987.
PubMed
McClellan AD and Farel PB : Pharmacological activation of locomotor patterns in larval and adult frog spinal cords. Brain Res 332 : 119-130, 1985.
PubMed
McConnell JA : Identification of early neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. II. An autographic study in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 200 : 273-288, 1981.
 
McConnell JA and Angevine JB jr : Time of neuron origin in the amygdaloid complex. Brain Res 272 : 150-156, 1983.
 
McConnell SK : Development and decision-making in the mammalian cerebral cortex. Brain Res Rev 13 : 1-23, 1988.
 
McConnell SK : The genaration of neuronal diversity in the central nervous system. Ann Rev Neurosci 14 : 269-300, 1991.
 
McGinnis W : Homeobox sequences of the Antennapedia class are conserved only in higher animals. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quart Biol 50 : 263-270, 1985.
 
McLaren A : Mammalian Chimeras. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1976.
 
McManaman JL, Crawford F, Stewart SS and Appel SH : Purification of a skeletal muscle polypeptide which stimulates choline acetyltransferase activity in cultured spinal cord neurons. J Biol Chem 12 : 5890-5897, 1988.
PubMed
McManaman JL, Oppenheim RW, Prevette D and Marchetti D : Rescue of motoneurons from cell death by a purified skeletal muscle polypeptide effects of the ChAT development factor CDF. Neuron 4 : 891-898, 1990.
PubMed
McMorris FA, Smith TM, De Salvo S and Furlanetto RW : Insulin-like growth factor I / somatomedin C : A potent inducer of oligodendrocyte development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 : 822-826, 1986.
PubMed
Meier R. Becker-Andre M, Gotz R, Heumann R, Shaw A and Thoenen H : Molecular cloning of bovine and chick nerve growth factor (NGF) : Delineation of conserved and unconserved domains and that relationship to the biological activity and antigenicity of NGF. EMBO J 5 : 1489-1493, 1986.
 
Meier S : Development of the chick mesoblast. Formation of the embryonic axis and establishment of the metameric pattern. Dev Biol 73 : 25-45, 1979.
 
Meier S : Development of the chick embryo mesoblast : Morphogenesis of the prechordal plate and cranial segments. Dev Biol 83 : 49-61, 1981.
PubMed
Meier S : Somite formation and its relationship to metameric patterning of the mesodern. Cell Differ 14 : 235-243, 1984.
 
Meier S and Tam PPL : Metameric pattern development in the embryonic axis of the mouse. I. Differentiation of the cranial segments. Differentiation 21 : 95-108, 1982.
 
Merk L : Die Mitosen im Centralnervensysteme. Ein Beitrag zur Lehre vom Wachstume desselben. Denkschr kais Akad Wiss, Math-Naturwiss Kl 53, Abt 2, 79-118, 1886.
 
Merk L : Die Mitosen im Centralnervensystem. Wien, 1887.
 
Merrill JE, Kutsunai S, Mohlstrom C, Hofman F, Groopman J and Golde DW : Proliferation of astroglia and oligodendroglia in response to human T cell-derived factors. Science 224 : 1428-1430, 1984.
 
Messier PE and Auclair C : Effect of cytochalasin B on interkinetic nuclear migration in the chick embryo. Dev Biol 36 : 218-223, 1974.
PubMed
Messier PE and Auclair C : Neurulation et migration nuclaire intercinetique chez des embryons de poulet. J Embryol Exper Morphol 34 : 339-354, 1975.
 
Metcalf D : The granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factors. Science 229 : 16-22, 1985.
PubMed
Meyer AW : The Rise of Embryology. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1939.
 
Miale IL and Sidman RL : An autoradiographic analysis of histogenesis in the mouse cerebellum. Exper Neurol 4 : 277-296, 1961.
 
Miescher FJ : Uber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen. Med Chem Untersuch 1 : 441-460, 1871.
 
Miyake S, Araki K, Sugahara M and Fujita S : Growth pattern of "matrix cells" of the central nervous system and formation of tubular structure stimulating neural tube in cultures of human fetal brain. Arch Histol Jap 22 : 117-121, 1961.
 
Mizel SB : The interleukins. FASEB J 3 : 2379-2388, 1989.
PubMed
Mohl H von : Untersuchungen uber die anatomischen Verhaltnisse des Chlorophylls. Dissert. Tubingen 1835-1837.
 
Monard D : Cell-derived proteases and protease inhibitors as regulators of neurite outgrowth. Trends Neurosci 11 : 541-544, 1988.
PubMed
Monard D, Stockel K, Goodman R and Thoenen H : Distinction between nerve growth factor and glial factor. Nature 258 : 444-445, 1975.
PubMed
Morest DK : The differentiation of cerebral den drites : A study of the post-migratory neuroblast in the medial trapezoid body. Z Anat Entw-gesch 128 : 271-289, 1969.
 
Morest DK : The growth of dendrites in the mammalian brain. Z Anat Entw-gesch 128 : 290-317, 1969.
 
Morest DK : A study of neurogenesis in the forebrain of opossum pouch young. Z Anat Entwgesch 130 : 265-305, 1970.
 
Morrison BS, Sharma A, DeVellis J and Bradshaw RA : Basic fibroblast growth factor supports the survival of cerebral cortical neurons in primary cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 : 7537-7541, 1986.
 
Morriss-Kay GM : Growth and development of pattern in the cranial neural epithelium of rat embryos during neurulation. J Embryol Exper Morphol 65 : (Suppl) 225-241, 1981.
 
Morriss-Kay GM and Tan S-S : Mapping cranial neural crest cell migration pathways in mammalian embryos. Trends Genet 3 : 257-261, 1987.
 
Morriss-Kay GM and Tuckett F : The role of microfilaments in cranial, neurulation in rat embryos : Effects of short term exposure to cytochalasin D. J Embryol Exper Morphol 88 : 333-348, 1985.
 
Moscona AA : Analysis of cell recombinations in experimental synthesis of tissues in vitro. J Cell Comp Physiol 60 : Suppl 65-80, 1962.
 
Moscona AA : Cell aggregation properties of specific cell ligands and their role in the formation of multicellular systems. Dev Biol 18 : 250-277, 1968.
PubMed
Mountcastle VB : Modality and topographic properties of single neurons of cat's somatic sensory cortex. J Neurophysiol 20 : 408-432, 1957.
PubMed
Mountcastle VB : Neural mechanisms in somesthesia. In : Medical Physiology. Ed by VB Mount castle. Mosby, St. Louis, Vol 1, pp. 307-347, 1974.
 
Mountcastle VB : An organising principle for cerebral function. The unit module and the distributed system. In : The Mindful Brain. Ed by GM Edelman and VB Mountcastle. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass, pp. 7-50, 1978.
 
Mountcastle VB and Powell TPS : Neural mechanisms subserving cutaneous sensitibity with spe-cial reference to the role of afferent inhibition in sensory perception and discrimination. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 105 : 201-232, 1959.
 
Muller F and O'Rahilly R : The first appearance of the major divisions of the human brain at stage 9. Anat Embryol 168 : 419-432, 1983.
 
Muller F and O'Rahilly R : Somitic-vertebral correlation and vertebral levels in the human embryo. Amer J Anat 177 : 1-19, 1986.
 
Muller F and O'Rahilly R : The development of the human brain, the closure of the cranial neuropore, and the beginning of secondary neurulation at stage 12. Anat Embryol 176 : 413-430, 1987.
 
Muller F and O'Rahilly R : The development of the human brain from a closed neural tube at stage 13. Anat Embryol 177 : 203-224, 1988.
 
Muller LR : Lebensnerven and Lebenstriebe. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 3. Aufl, 1931.
 
Murakami S, Seki T, Wakabayashi S and Arai Y : The ontogeny of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) producing neurons in the chick embryo : possible evidence for migrating LHRH neurons from the olfactory epithelium expressing a highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule. Neurosci Res 12 : 421-431, 1991.
 
Murray AW : A mitotic inducer matures, Nature 335 : 207-208, 1988.
 
Nageotte J : A propos de l'influence de la pression osmotique sur le developpement des prolongements nerveux clans les greffes ganglionnaires. Compt Rend Soc Biol 63 : 71, 1907.
 
Nakamura O and Toivonen S : Organizer. A Milestone of a Half-Century from Spemann. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1978.
 
Nakao T and Ishizawa A : Development of the spinal nerves in the lamprey. I. Rohon-Beard cells and interneurons. J Comp Neurol 256 : 342-355, 1987.
PubMed
Naruse I, Kato K, Asano T, Suzuki F and Kameyama Y : Developmental brain abnormalities acompanied with the retarded production of S-100β protein in genetic polydactyly mice. Dev Brain Res 51 : 253-258, 1990.
 
Navascues J, Martin-Partido G, Alvarez IS and Rodriquez-Gallardo L : Cell death in suboptic necrotic centers of chick embryo diencephalon and their topographic relationship with the earliest optic fiber fascicles. J Comp Neurol 278 : 34-46, 1988.
 
Nawa H, Nakanishi S and Patterson PH : Recombinant cholinergic differentiation factor (Leukemia Inhibitory Factor) regulates sympathetic neuron phenotype by alteration in the size and amounts of neuropeptide mRNA. J Neurochem 56 : 2147-2150, 1991.
PubMed
Nawa H and Patterson PH : Separation and partial characterization of neuropeptide-inducing fac-tors in heart cell conditioned medium. Neuron 4 : 269-277, 1990.
 
Nawa H and Sah DWY : Different biological activities in conditioned media control the expression of a variety of neuropeptides in cultured sympathetic neurons. Neuron 4 : 279-287, 1990.
 
Nawa H, Yamamori T, Le T and Patterson PH : Generation of neuronal diversity. Cold Spring Harbour Symp Quant Biel 55 : 247-253, 1990.
 
Neal HV : The segmentation of the nervous system in Squalus acanthias. Bull Mus Comp Zool. Harvard, 1898.
 
Needham J : Chemical Embryology. Vol. 1-3, Macmillan, New York and Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1931.
 
Needham J : Biochemistry and Morphogenesis. Cambridge University Press, London, 1942.
 
Needham J, Waddington CH and Needham DM : Physico-chemical experiments on the amphibian organizer. Proc Roy Soc Lend Ser B 114 : 393-422, 1934.
 
Neufeld C, Gospodarowicz D, Dodge L and Fuji DK : Heparin modulation of the neurotrophic effcts of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors and nerve growth factors on PC 12 cells. J Cell Physiol 131 : 131-140, 1987.
 
Neumayer L : Studien zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Gehirns der Saugetiere. Festschr 70. Geburtstag von C. v Kupffer. Gustav Fischer, Jena, S 455-486, 1899.
 
Neumayer L : Histo- and Morphogenese des peripheren Nervensystems, der Spinalganglien und des Nerves sympathicus. In : Handbuch der vergleichenden and experimentellen Entwicklungslehre der Wirbeltiere. Herausgeg von O Hertwig, Bd II, Teil 3, Kapitel X, G. Fischer, Jena, S 513-626, 1906.
 
Newgreen DF and Erickson CA : The migration of neural crest cells. Int Rev Cytol 103 : 89-143, 1986.
 
Newport J and Kirschner M : Regulation of the cell cycle during early Xenopus development. Cell 37 : 731-742, 1984.
PubMed
Newth D : Animal Growth and Development. Edward Arnold Ltd, New York, 1970.
 
Nieuwkoop PD, Johnen AC and Albers B : The Epigenetic Nature of Early Chordate Development. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985.
 
Niu MC : The role of ribonucleic acid in embryonic differentiation. Anat Rec 131 : 43, 1958.
 
Njolstad PR, Melton A, Hordvik I, Apold J and Fjose A : Primary structure, developmentally regulated expression and potential duplication of the zebrafish homeobox gene ZF-21. Noel Acids Res 16 : 9097-9111, 1988.
 
Noden DM : The role of the neural crest in patterning of avian cranial skeletal, connective and muscle tissues. Dev Biol 96 : 144-165, 1983.
PubMed
Noden DM : Origins and patterning of craniofacial mesenchymal tissues. J Craniofacial Genetics. Dev Biol Suppl 2 : 15-31, 1986.
 
Noden DM : Interactions and fates of avian craniofacial mesenchyme. Development 103 : Suppl 121-140, 1988.
 
Nornes HO and Carry M : Neurogenesis in spinal cord of mouse : An autoradiographic analysis. Brain Res 159 : 1-16, 1978.
PubMed
Nornes HO and Das GD : Temporal pattern of neurogenesis in spinal cord of rat. I. An autoradiographic study - time and sites of origin and migration and settling patterns of neuroblasts. Brain Res 73 : 121-138, 1974.
PubMed
Nornes HO and Morita M : Time of origin of the neurons in the caudal brain stem of rat. Dev Neurosci 2 : 101-114, 1979.
 
Novelli A, Reilly JA, Lysko PG and Henneberry RC : Glutamate becomes neurotoxic via the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor when intracellular energy levels are reduced. Brain Res 451 : 205-212, 1988.
 
Nurse P : Cell cycle control genes in yeast. Trends Genet 1 : 51-55, 1985.
 
Nusslein-Volhard C, Frohnhdfer HG, and Lehmann R : Determination of anteroposterior polarity in Drosophila. Science 238 : 1675-1681, 1987.
 
Nusslein-Volhard C and Wieschaus E : Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila. Nature 287 : 795-801, 1980.
PubMed
Ochs S : Waller's concept of the trophic dependence of the nerve fiber on the cell body in the light of early neuron theory. Clio Medica 10 : 253-265, 1975.
 
Odell GM, Oster G, Alberch P and Burnside B : The mechanical basis of morphogenesis. I. Epithelial folding and invagination. Dev Biol 85 : 446-462, 1981.
PubMed
Odenwald WF, Taylor CF, Palmer-Hill FJ, Friederich V jr, Tani M and Lazzarini RA : Expression of a homeo domain protein in non-contact-inhibited cultured cells and postmitotic neurons. Genes Dev 1 : 482-496, 1987.
 
O'Farrell PH, Edgar BA, Lakich D and Lehner CF : Directing cell division during development. Science 246 : 635-640, 1989.
PubMed
Ogawa M : Sequential generation of neurons and glial cells from isolated cerebral cortical cells in culture. In : Molecular Basis of Neuronal Connectivity. Ed by M Satake, K Obata, H Hatanaka, E Miyamoto and T Okuyama. Kohko-Do, Niigata, pp. 5-7, 1992.
 
O'Leary DDM and Terashima T : Cortical axons branch to multiple subcortical targets by interstitial axon budding : Implications for target recognition and "waiting periods". Neuron 1 : 901-910, 1988.
 
Olmsted JMD : The nerve as a formative influence in the development of taste-buds. J Comp Neurol 31 : 465-468, 1920.
 
Olmsted JMD : Effects of cutting the lingual nerve of the dog. J Comp Neurol 33 : 149-154, 1925.
 
O'Rahilly R and Muller F : Bidirectional closure of the rostral neuropore. Amer J Anat 184 : 259-268, 1989.
 
Orr H : Embryology of Lizard. J Morphol 1 : 311-372, 1897.
 
Otto D, Frotscher M and Unsicker K : Basic fibroblast growth factor and nerve growth factor administered in gel foam rescue medial septal neurons after fimbria fornix transection. J Neurosci Res 22 : 83-91, 1989.
PubMed
Otto D and Unsicker K : Basic FGF reverses chemical and morphological deficits in the nigrostriatal system of MPTP-treated mice. J Neurosci 10 : 1912-1921, 1990.
PubMed
Pander HC : Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Huhnchens im Ei. Wurzburg, 1817.
 
Pardee AB : A restriction point for control of normal animal cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71 : 1286-1290, 1974.
PubMed
Pardee AB : G, events and regulation of cell proliferation. Science 246 : 603-608, 1989.
 
Pardee AB, Coppock DL and Young HC : Regulation of cell proliferation at the onset of DNA synthesis. J Cell Sci 4 : Suppl 171-180, 1986.
 
Pardee AB, Dubrow R, Hamlin JL and Kletzien RF : Animal cell cycle. Ann Rev Biochem 47 : 715-750, 1978.
PubMed
Park CM and Hollenberg MJ : Basic fibroblast growth factor induces retinal regeneration in vivo. Dev Biol 134 : 201-205, 1989.
PubMed
Parker GH : On the trophic impulse so-called, its rate and nature. Amer Neuralist 66 : 147-158, 1932.
 
Patel AJ, Hunt A and Tahourdin CSM : Regional development in the rat brain and it association with the differentiation of astrocytes. Dev Brain Rec 8 : 31-37, 1983.
 
Patel N, Snow PM and Goodman CS : Characterization and cloning of fasciclin III : A glycoprotein expressed on a subset of neurons and axon pathways in Drosophila. Cell 48 : 975-988, 1987.
 
Patterson Pit and Chun LLY : The induction of acetylcholine synthesis in primary cultures of dissociated rat sympathetic neurons. Dev Biol 56 : 263-280, 1977.
 
Penfield W : Neuroglia : Normal and pathological. In : Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System. Ed by W Penfield. Hoeber, New York, Vol. II, pp. 423-479, 1932.
 
Peterfi T and Williams St C : Elektrische Reizversuche an gezuchten Gewebszellen. I. Versuche an Nervenzellen. Arch Exper Zellforsch 14 : 210-254, 1933.
 
Pettmann B, Weibel M, Sensenbrenner M and Labourdette G : Purification of two astroglial growth factors from bovine brain. FEBS 189 : 102-108, 1985.
PubMed
Phelan KA and Hollyday M : Axon guidance in muscleless chick wings : The role of muscle cells in motoneuronal pathway selection and muscle nerve formation. J Neurosci 10 : 2699-2716, 1990.
PubMed
Pines J and Hunt T : Molecular cloning and characterization of the mRNA for cyclin from sea urchin eggs. EMBO 16 : 2987-2995, 1987.
 
Pittman RN : Release of plasminogen activator and a calcium-dependent metallo protease from cultured sympathetic and sensory neurons. Dev Biol 110 : 91-101, 1985.
 
Pittman RH and Buettner HM : Degradation of extracellular matrix by neuronal proteases. Der Neurosci 11 : 361-375, 1989.
 
Platt JB : Ectodermic origin of the cartilages of the head. Anat Anz 8 : 506-509, 1893.
 
Polley EH, Zimmerman RP and Fortney RL : Neurogenesis and maturation of cell morphology in the development of the mammalian retina. In : Development of the Vertebrate Retina. Ed by DR Sengelaub and Einlay BL. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 3-30, 1989.
 
Powell TPS and Mountcastle VB : Some aspects of the functional organization of the cortex of the postcentral gyros of the monkey : A correlation of findings obtained in a single unit analysis with cytoarchitecture. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 105 : 133-162, 1959.
 
Prestige MC : Cell turnover in the spinal ganglia of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. J Embryol Exper Morphol 13 : 63-72, 1965.
 
Prestige MC : The control of cell number in the lumbar spinal ganglia during the development of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. J Embryol Exper Morphol 17 : 453-471, 1967.
 
Prestige MC : The control of cell number in the lumbar ventral horns during the development of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. J Embryol Exper Morphol 18 : 359-387, 1967.
 
Prevost JL and Dumas JB : Deuxieme memoire sur la generation. Ann Sci Nat 2 : 129-149, 1824.
 
Price DJ and Blakemore C : Regressive events in the postnatal development of association projections in the visual cortex. Nature 316 : 721-724, 1985.
PubMed
Provis JM : Patterns of cell death in the ganglion cell layer of the human fetal retina. J Comp Neurol 259 : 237-246, 1987.
PubMed
Rahl C : Bemerkungen uber die Segmentierung des Hirnes. Zool Anz 8 : 192-193, 1885.
 
Radeke MJ, Misko TP, Hsu C. Herzenberg LA and Shooter EM : Gene transfer and molecular cloning of the rat nerve growth factor receptor. Nature 325 : 593-597, 1987.
PubMed
Radl E : The History of Biological Theories. Oxford University Press, London, 1930.
 
Raff MC : Glial cell diversification in the rat optic nerve. Science 243 : 1450-1455, 1989.
PubMed
Raivich G and Kreutzberg GW : The localization and distribution of high affinity β NGF binding sites in the central nervous system in the adult rat. A light microscopic autoradiographic study using〔125I〕β-NGF. Neuroscience 20 : 23-36, 1987.
 
Raivich G, Zimmermann A and Sutter A : The spatial and temporal pattern of pNGF receptor expression in the developing chick embryo. EMBO J 4 : 637-644, 1985.
 
Raivich G, Zimmermann A and Sutter A : Nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor expression in chicken cranial development. J Comp Neurol 256 : 229-245, 1987.
PubMed
Rakic P : Guidance of neurons migrating to the fetal monkey neocortex. Brain Res 33 : 471-476, 1971.
 
Rakic P : Mode of cell migration to the superficial layers of the fetal monkey neocortex. J Comp Neurol 145 : 61-84, 1972.
 
Rakic P : Neurons in rhesus monkey visual cortex, Systematic relation between time of origin and eventual disposition. Science 183 : 425-427, 1974.
PubMed
Rakic P : Neuronal migration and contact guidance in primate telecephalon. Postgrad Med J 54 : 25-40, 1978.
 
Rakic P : Developmental events leading to laminar and areal organization of the neocortex. In : The Organization of the Cerebral Cortex. Ed by FO Schmitt, FG Worden, GA delman and SG Dennis. MIT Press, Cambridge MA, pp. 7-28, 1981.
 
Rakic P : Neuronal-glial interaction during brain development. Trends Neurosci 4 : 184-187, 1981.
 
Rakic P : Specification of cerebral cortex areas. Science 241 : 170-176, 1988.
PubMed
Rakic P and Goldman-Rakic PS : Overview. In : Development and Modifiability of Cerebral Cortex. Neurosci Res Prog Bull 20 : 433-451, 1982.
 
Rakic P and Nowakowski RS : The time of origin of neurons in the hippocampal region of the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 196 : 99-128, 1981.
PubMed
Rakic P and Sidman RL : Subcommissural organ and adjacent ependyma : Autoradiographic study of their origin in the mouse brain. Amer J Anat 122 : 317-336, 1968.
PubMed
Rakic P and Sidman RL : Telencephalic origin of pulvinar neurons in the fetal human brain. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 129 : 53-82, 1969.
 
Rao PN and Johnson RT : Mammalian cell fusion studies on the regulation of DNA synthesis and mitosis. Nature 225 : 159-164, 1970.
PubMed
Rathjen FG and Jessell TM : Glycoproteins that regulate the growth and guidance of vertebrate axons : domains and dynamics of the immunoglobulin / fibronectin type Ill family. Sem Neurosci 3 : 297-307, 1991.
 
Reichardt LF and Tomaselli KJ : Extracellular matrix molecules and their receptors : functions in neural development. Annu Rev Neurosci 14 : 531-570, 1991.
PubMed
Remak R : Uber extracellulare Entstehung thierischer Zellen and uber Vermehrung derselben durch Theilung. Arch Anat Physiol wiss Med 47-57, 1852.
 
Remak R : Untersuchungen fiber die Entwicklung der Wirbeltiere. A Hischwald, Berlin 1851-1855.
 
Reske-Nielsen E, Oster S and Reitoft I : Astrocyte in the prenatal central nervous system. ActaPathol Microbial Immunol Scand, Sect A 95 : 339-346, 1987.
 
Richardson PM, Verge Issa VMK and Riopelle RJ Distribution of neuronal receptors for nerve growth factor in the rat. J Neurosci 6 : 2312-2321, 1986.
 
Rifkin DB and Moscatelli D : Recent developments in the cell biology of basic fibroblast growth factor. J Cell Biol 109 : 1-6, 1989.
PubMed
Risau W, Gautschi-Sova P and Bilhlen P : Endothelial cell growth factors in embryonic adult chick brain are related to human acidic fibroblast growth factor. EMBO J 7 : 959-962, 1988.
 
Rizzino A : Transforming growth factor-p : Multiple effects on cell differentiation and extracellular matrices. Dev Biol 130 : 411-422, 1988.
 
Robbins E and Gonatas NK : Ultrastructure of a mammalian cell during the mitotic cycle. J Cell Biol 21 : 429-463, 1964.
PubMed
Roberts AB and Sporn MB : Transforming growth factor-beta. Adv Cancer Res 51 : 107-145, 1988.
PubMed
Rodriguez-Tebar A and Barde Y-A : Binding characteristics of brain-derived neurotrophic factor to its receptors on neurons in the chick embryo. J Neurosci 8 : 3337-3342, 1988.
PubMed
Rodriguez-Tebar A, Jeffrey PL, Thoenen H and Barde Y-A : The survival of chick retinal ganglion cells in response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor depends on their embryonic age. Dev Biol 136 : 296-303, 1989.
PubMed
Rohon V : Zur Histogenese des Ruckenmarks der Forelle. Sitz-ber Akad Wien. S 39-57, 1884.
 
Rosa F, Roberts AB, Danielpour D, Dart LL, Sporn MB and Dawid IB : Mesodem induction in amphibians : The role of TGF-β2-like factors. Science 239 : 783-785, 1988.
 
Rothman SM and Olney JW : Excitotoxicity and the NMDA receptor. Trends Neurosci 10 : 299-302, 1987.
 
Roux W : Beitrage zur Entwicklungsmechanik des Embryos. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol 114 : 113-153, 1888.
 
Rozengurt E : Early signals in the mitogenic response. Science 234 : 161-166, 1986.
PubMed
Rubin GM : Drosophila melanogaster as an experimental organism. Science 240 : 1453-1459, 1988.
PubMed
Ruddle FH, Hart CP, Awgulewitsch A, Ferguson-Smith A, Fainsod A, Utset M, Dalton D, Kerk N, Rabin M, Ferguson-Smith A, Fienberg A and Mc Ginnis W : Mammalian homeoboxgenes. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 50 : 277-284, 1985.
 
Russell DS and Rubinstein LJ : Pathology of Tumors of the Nervous System. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 2rd Edit, 1963.
 
Russell ES : The Interpretation of Development and Heredity. A Study in Biological Method. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1930.
 
Rydel RE and Greene LA : Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors promote stable neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation in cultures of PC 12 cells. J Neurosci 7 : 3639-3653, 1987.
 
Saadat S, Sendtner M and Rohrer H : Ciliary neurotrophic factor induces cholinergic differentiation of rat sympathetic neurons in culture. J Cell Biol 108 : 1807-1816, 1989.
PubMed
Saga Y, Yagi T, Ikawa Y, Sakakura T and Aizawa S : Mice develop normally without tenascin. Genes Dev 6 : 1821-1831, 1992.
PubMed
Sander K : Embryonic pattern formation in insects basic concepts and their experimental fundations. In : Pattern Formation : A Primer in Developmental Biology. Ed by G Malacinski and SV Bryant. Macmillan, New York, pp. 245-268, 1984.
 
Satoh N : Towards a molecular understanding of differentiation mechanisms in Ascarian embryos. Bioessays 7 : 51-56, 1987.
 
Satoh T, Nakamura S, Taga T, Matsuda T, Hirano T, Kishimoto T and Kaziro Y : Induction of neuronal differentiation in PC 12 cells by B-cell stimulatory factor 2/interleukin 6. Mot Cell Biol 8 : 3546-3549, 1988.
 
Sauer FC : Mitosis in the neural tube. J Comp Neurol 62 : 377-405, 1935.
 
Sauer FC : The cellular structure of the neural tube. J Comp Neurol 63 : 13-23, 1935.
 
Sauer FC : The interkinetic migration of embryonic epithelial nuclei. J Morphol 60 : 1-11, 1936.
 
Sauer FC : Some factors in the morphogenesis of vertebrate embryonic epithelium. J Morphol 61 : 563-579, 1937.
 
Sauer ME and Chittenden AC : Deoxyribonucleic acid content of cell nuclei in the neural tube of the chick embryo : Evidence for intermitotic migration of nuclei. Exper Cell Res 16 : 1-6, 1959.
 
Sauer ME and Walker BE : Radiographic study of interkinetic nuclear migration in the neural tube. Proc Soc Exper Biol Med 101 : 557-560, 1959.
 
Saxen L and Toivonen S : Primary Embryonic Induction. Logos Press, London, 1962.
 
Schaffer A : Bemerkungen zur Histopathologie des Hirnglioms. Mschr Psychiat Neurol 65 : 209-229, 1927.
 
Schaper A : Die morphologische and histologische Entwicklung des Kleinhirns der Teleostier. Anat Anz 9 : 489-501, 1894.
 
Schaper A : Die morphologische and histologische Entwicklung des Kleinhirns der Teleostier. Morphol Jahrb 21 : 625-708, 1894.
 
Schaper A : Einige kritische Bemerkungen zu Lugaro's Aufsatz : uber die Histogenese der Korner der Kleinhirnrinde. Anat Anz 10 : 422-426, 1895.
 
Schaper A : Die frthesten Differenzierungsvorgange im Centralnervensystem. Arch Entw-Mech Organ 5 : 81-132, 1897.
 
Schaper A : The earliest differentiation in the central nervous system of vertebrates. Science 5 : 430-431. 1897.
 
Schleiden MJ : Beitrage zur Phytogenesis. Arch Anat Physiol wiss Med 137-176, 1838.
 
Schlessinger AR, Cowan WM and Gottlieb EI : An autoradiographic study of the time of origin and the pattern or granule cell migration in the dentate gyrus of the rat. J Comp Neurol 159 : 149-176, 1975.
 
Schlessinger AR, Cowan WM and Swanson LW : The time of origin of neurons in Ammon's horn and the associated retrohippocampal fields. Anat Embryol 154 : 153-173, 1978.
 
Schmechel DE and Rakic P : Arrested proliferation of radial glial cells during midgestation in rhesus monkey. Nature 277 : 303-305, 1979.
PubMed
Schmitt FO : edition-in-chief. The Neurosciences Second Study Program. The Rockefeller University Press, New York, 1977.
 
Schoenwolf GC : Histological and ultrastructural studies of secondary neurulation in mouse embryos. Amer J Anat 169 : 361-376, 1984.
PubMed
Scholes JH : Nerve fibre topography in the retinal projection to the tectum. Nature 278 : 620-624, 1979.
 
Schubert D, Kimura H, LaCorbiere M, Vaughan J, Karr D and Fischer WH : Activin is a nerve cell survival molecule. Nature 344 : 868-870, 1990.
PubMed
Schughart K, Utset ME, Awgulewitsch A and Ruddle FH : Structure and expression of Hox-2.2, a murine homeobox-containing gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 : 5582-5586, 1988.
 
Schwanzel-Fukuda M, Abraham S, Crossin KL, Edelman GM and Pfaff DW : Immunocytochemical demonstration of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) along the migration route of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons in mice. J Comp Neurol 321 : 1-18, 1992.
PubMed
Schwanzel-Fukuda M and Pfaff DW : Origin of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons. Nature 338 : 161-164, 1989.
PubMed
Scott MP and Carroll SB : The segmentation and homeotic gene network in early Drosophila development. Cell 51 : 689-698, 1987.
PubMed
Sendtner M, Kreutzberg GW and Thoenen H : Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents the degeneration of motor neurons after axotomy. Nature 345 : 440-441, 1990.
PubMed
Sengelaub DR, Dolan RP and Einlay BL : Cell generation, death and retinal growth in the development of the hamster retinal ganglion cell layer. J Comp Neurol 246 : 527-543, 1986.
 
Serebriakow P : Untersuchungen 0ber das Wachstum and die Differenzierung des Nervengewebes in vitro. Z Zellforsch 22 : 140-184, 1935.
 
Sharpe PT, Miller JR, Evans EP, Burtenshaw MD and Gaunt SJ : Hox-6 : A new homeobox gene locus. Development 102 : 397-407, 1988.
PubMed
Shaw MD and Allev KE : Generation of motoneurons in the rabbit brainstem. J Comp Neurol 207 : 203-207, 1982.
 
Sheard P and Jacobson M : Clonal restriction boundaries in Xenopus embryos shown with two intracellular lineage tracers. Science 236 : 851-854, 1987.
PubMed
Sheard P and Jacobson M : Analysis of frequency of intermingling between labeled clones in Xenopus embyos. Ann NY Acad Sci 599 : 141-157, 1990.
 
Shimada M and Nakamura T : Time of neuron origin in mouse hypothalamic nuclei. Exper Neurol 41 : 163-173, 1973.
 
Sidman RL : Histogenesis of the mouse retina studied with tritiated thymidine. In : The Structure of the Eye. Ed by GK Smelser. Academic Press, New York, pp. 487-505, 1961.
 
Sidman RL : Cell proliferation and migration in the developing brain. In : Drugs and Poisons in Relation to the Developing Nervous System. Ed by GM McKhann and S1 Yaffe. US Public Health Service Publ. No. 1791, Washington DC, pp. 5-11, 1968.
 
Sidman RL : Autoradiographic methods and principles for the study of the nervous system with thymidine-H3. In : Contemporary Research Techniques of Neuroanatomy. Ed by SOE Ebbesson and WJH Nauta. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1970.
 
Sidman RL, Miale IL and Feder N : Cell proliferation and migration in the primitive ependymal zone ; an autoradiographic study of histogenesis in the nervous system. Exper Neurol 1 : 322-333, 1959.
 
Sievers J, Hausmann B, Unsicker K and Berry M : Fibroblast growth factors promote the survival of adult rat retinal ganglion cells after transection of the optic nerve. Neurosci Lett 76 : 157-162, 1987.
PubMed
Sims TJ and Vaughn JE : The generation of neurones involved in an early reflex pathway of embryonic mouse spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 183 : 707-720, 1979.
 
Slack JMW : Early Amphibian Development. J Embryol Exper Morphol. Suppl 89, 1985.
 
Slack JMW, Darlington BG, Heath JK and Godsave SF : Mesoderm induction in early Xenopus embryos by heparin-binding growth factors. Nature 326 : 197-200, 1987.
 
Slack JMW and Isaacs HV : Presence of basic fibroblast growth factor in the early Xenopus embryo. Development 105 : 147-153, 1989.
 
Sloper JJ, Hiorns RW and Powell TPS : A qualitative and quantitative electron microscopic study of the neurons in the primate motor and sensory cortices. Phil Trans Roy Soc Land Ser B 285 : 141-171, 1979.
 
Smart I : The subependymal layer of the mouse brain and its cell production as shown by autoradiography after thymidine-H3 injection. J Comp Neurol 116 : 325-347, 1961.
 
Smith JC : A mesoderm inducting factor is produced by a Xenopus cell line. Development 99 : 3-14, 1987.
PubMed
Smith JC, Price BMJ, van Nimmen K and Huylebroeck D : Identification of a potent Xenopus mesoderm-inducing factor as a homologue of activin A. Nature 345 : 729-731, 1990.
 
Smith JC, Yaqoob M and Symes K : Purification, partial characterization and biological effects of the XTC mesoderm-inducing factor. Development 103 : 591-600, 1988.
PubMed
Smith KA : Interleukin-2 : Inception, impact and implications. Science 240 : 1169-1176, 1988.
PubMed
Sohal GS : An experimental study of cell death in the developing trochlear nucleus. Exper Neurol 51 : 684-698, 1976.
 
Sohal GS and Narayanen CH : The development of the isthmo-optic nucleus in the duck (Anas platyrhynchos). I. Changes in cell number and cell size during normal development. Brain Res 77 : 243-255, 1974.
 
Sokol S, Wong GG and Melton DA : A mouse macrophage factor induces head structure and organizes a body axis in Xenopus. Science 249 : 561-564, 1990.
PubMed
Spemann H : Uber die Determination der ersten Organanlagen des Amphibienembryo I -VI. Roux' Arch Entw-Mech 43 : 448-555, 1918.
 
Spemann H : Experimentelle Beitrage zu einer Theorie der Entwicklung. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1936.
 
Spemann H : Embryonic Development and Induction. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1938.
 
Spemann H : Forschung and Leben. Ed by FW Spemann. J Engelhorn, Stuttgart, 1943.
 
Spemann H and Mangold H : Induction von Embryonalanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren. Arch Mikr Anat Entw-gesch 100 : 599-638, 1924.
 
Sperry RW : Visuomotor coordination in the newt (Triturus viridescens) after regeneration of the optic nerves. J Comp Neurol 79 : 33-55, 1943.
 
Sperry RW : Optic nerve regeneration with return of vision in anurans. J Neurophysiol 7 : 57-69, 1944.
 
Sperry RW : The problem of central nervous reorganization after nervoregeneration and muscle transposition. Quart Rev Biol 20 : 15-28, 1945.
 
Sperry RW : Restoration of vision after uncrossing of optic nerves and after contralateral transposi-tion of the eye. J Neurophysiol 8 : 15-28, 1945.
 
Sperry RW : Chemoaffinity in the orderly growth of nerve fiber patterns and connections. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 50 : 703-710, 1963.
PubMed
Sperry RW : Embryogenesis of behavioral nerve nets. In : Organogenesis. Ed by RL DeHaan and H Ursprung. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp 161-186, 1965.
 
Spitzer NC and Lamborghini JE : Programs of early neuronal development. In : Studies in Developmental Neurobiology. Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford, pp. 261-287, 1981.
 
Steck PA, Blenis J, Voss PG and Wang JL : Growth control in cultured 3T3 fibroblasts. II. Molecular properties of a fraction enriched in growth inhibitory activity. J Cell Biol 92 : 523-530, 1982.
 
Steinberg MS : On the mechanism of tissue reconstruction by dissociated cells. I. Population kinetics, differential adhesiveness and the absence of directed migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 48 : 1577-1582, 1962.
PubMed
Steinberg MS : On the mechanism of tissue reconstruction by dissociated cells. III. Free energy relations and the reorganization of fused, heteronomic tissue fragments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 48 : 1769-1776, 1962.
PubMed
Steinberg MS : Reconstruction of tissues by dissociated cells. Science 141 : 401-408, 1963.
PubMed
Steinberg MS : The problem of adhesive selectivity in cellular interactions. In : Cellular Membranes in Development. Ed by M Locke. Academic Press, New York, pp 321-366, 1964.
 
Steinberg MS : Does differential adhesion govern self-assembly processes in histogenesis? Equilibrium configurations and the emergence of a hierarchy among populations of embryonic cells. J Exper Zool 173 : 395-434, 1970.
 
Stensaas LJ and Stensaas SS : An electron microscope study of cells in the matrix and intermediate laminae of the cerebral hemisphere of the 45 mm rabbit embryo. Z Zellforsch 91 : 341-365, 1968.
PubMed
Stern CD : Two distinct mechanisms for segmentation? Seminars Dev Biol 1 : 109-116, 1990.
 
Stewart RR, Zou D-J, Treherne JM, Mφllgard K, Saunders NR and Nicholls JG : The intact central nervous system of the newborn opossum in long-term culture : Fine structure and GABA-mediated inhibition of electrical activity. J Exper Biol 161 : 25-41, 1991.
 
Stitt TN and Hatten ME : Antibodies that recognize astrotactin block granule neuron binding to astroglia. Neuron 5 : 639-649, 1990.
PubMed
Stockli KA, Lottspeich F, Sendtner M, Masiakowski P, Carroll P, Gotz R, Lindholm D and Thoenen H : Molecular cloning, expression and regional distribution of rat ciliary neurotrophic factor. Nature 342 : 920-923, 1989.
PubMed
Strasburger E : Zellbildung and Zellteilung. Jena. 1. Aufl 1875, 3. Aufl 1880.
 
Straznicky C and Rush RA : The effect of nerve growth factor on developing primary sensory neurons of the trigeminal nerve in chick embryos. Anat Embryol 171 : 91-95, 1985.
PubMed
Streeter GL : Die Entwicklung des Nervensystems. In : Handbuch der Entwicklunbsgeschichte des Menschen. Herausg von F Keibel and FP Mall. Hirzel, Leipzig, Bd II S 1-144, 1911. (英訳 : The development of the nervous system. In : Manual of Human Embryology. Ed by F Keibel and FP Mall. Lippincott, Philadelphia, Vol 2, pp 1-156, 1912)
 
Streeter GL : Factors involved in the formation of the filum terminale. Amer J Anat 25 : 1-11, 1919.
 
Swenson Kl, Farrell KM and Ruderman JV : The clam embryo protein cyclin A induces entry into M phase and the resumption of meiosis in Xenopus oocytes. Cell 47 : 861-870, 1986.
 
Taber Pierce E : Histogenesis of the nuclei griseum pontis, corporis pontobulbaris and reticularis tegmenti pontis (Bechterew) in the mouse : An autoradiographic study. J Comp Neurol 126 : 219-239, 1966.
 
Taber Pierce E : Histogenesis of the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei in the mouse : An auto radiographic study. J Comp Neurol 131 : 27-54, 1967.
 
Taber Pierce E : Histogenesis of deep cerebellar nuclei studied autoradiographically with thymidine-H3 in the mouse. Anat Rev 157 : 301, 1967.
 
Taber Pierce E : Time of origin of neurons in the brain stem of the mouse. Prog Brain Res 40 : 53-65, 1973.
 
Taghert PH, Bastiani MJ, He RK and Goodman CS : Guidance of pioneer growth cones : Filopodi al contacts and coupling revealed with an antibody to Lucifer yellow. Dev Biol 94 : 391-399, 1982.
 
Takeichi M : Cadherin cell adhesion receptors as a morphogenetic regulator. Science 251 : 1451-1455, 1991.
PubMed
Tam PPL and Beddington RSP : The formation of mesodermal tissues in the mouse embryo during gastrulation and early organogenesis. Development 99 : 109-126, 1987.
 
Tam PPL. Meier S and Jacobson A : Differentiation of the nietameric pattern in the embryonic axis of the mouse. II. Somitomeric organization of the presomitic mesoderm. Differentiation 21 : 109-122. 1982.
 
Tardy N. Fages C, Le Prince G. Rolland B and Nunez J : Regulation of the filial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and of its encoding mRNA in the developing brain and in cultured astrocytes. Adv Exper Pled Biol 265 : 41-52, 1990.
 
Tarkowski AK : Experiments on the development of isolated blastomeres of mouse eggs. Nature 184 : 1286-1287, 1959.
 
Tello JF : Un experimento sobre la influencia del neurutrupismo en la regeneracion de la corteza cerebral. Rev Clin Madrid 5 : 292-294, 1911.
 
Tello JF : La influencia del neurotropismo en In regeneracion de los centres- nerviosos. Trab Lab Invest Biol Univ Madrid 9 : 123 159. 1911.
 
Tennyson VM and Pappas GD : An electron microscope study of ependymal cells of the fetal early postnatal and adult rabbit. Z Zellforsch 56 : 595-618, 1962.
PubMed
Tessier-Lavigne M and Placzek M : Target attrac tion : Are developing axons guide by chemotropism t Trends Neurosci 14 : 303-310, 1991.
 
Tessier-Lavigne M, Placzek M, Lumsden AGS, Dodd J and Jessell TM : Chemotropic guidance of developing axons in the mammalian central nervous system. Nature 336 : 775-778, 1988.
 
Thanos S, Bahr M, Barde Y-A and Vanselow J : Survival and axonal elongation of adult rat retinal ganglion cells : In vitro effects of lesioned sciatic nerve and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). J Neurosci 1 : 19-26, 1989.
 
Thanos S and Bonhoeffer F : Investigations on the development and topographic order of retinotectal axons : Anterograde and retrograde staining of axons and perikarya with rhodamine in vivo. J Comp Neurol 219 : 420-430, 1983.
PubMed
Thanos S and Bonhoeffer F : Development of the transient ipsilateral retinotectal projection in the chick embryo : A numerical fluorescence microscopic analysis. J Comp Neurol 224 : 407-414, 1984.
PubMed
Thanos S and Ionhoeffer F : Axonal arborization in the developing chick retinotectal system. J Comp Neurol 261 : 155-164, 1987.
 
Thanos S and Diltting D : Outgrowth and directional specificity of fibers from embryonic retinal transplants in the chick optic tectum- Dev Brain Res 32 : 161-179, 1987.
 
Thoenen H : The changing scene of neurotrophic factors. Trends Neurosci 14 : 165-170, 1991.
PubMed
Tiedemann H1 : Factors determining embryonic differentiation. J Cell Physiol 72 : Suppl 1. 129-144, 1968.
 
Togari A, Baker D, Dickens G and Guroff G : The neurite-promoting effect of fibroblast growth factor on PC 12 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 114 : 1189-1193, 1983.
 
Togari A, Dickens G, Kuzuya H and Guroff G : The effect of fibroblast growth factor on PC 12 cells. J Neurosci 5 : 307-316, 1985.
 
Toivonen S and Saxen L : Uber die Induktion des Neuralrohrs bei Trituruskei men als si rmdtane Leistung des Leber- and Knochenmarkgewebes von Meerschweinchen. Ann Acad Sci Fenn A 30 : 1-29, 1955.
 
Toivonen S and Saxen L : Morphogenet is interaction of presumptive neural and mesodermal cell mixed in different ratios. Science 159 : 539-540, 1968.
PubMed
Tolbert LP and Oland LA : filial cells form boundaries for developing insect olfactory glomeruli. Exper Neurol 109 : 19-28, 1990.
 
Tosney Kw : Cells and cell-interactions that guide motor axons in the developing chick embryo. Bio-Essays 13 : 17-23, 1991.
 
Toth LE, Slavin KL, Pintar JE and Chi Nguyen-Huu M : Regionspecific expression of mouse homeobox genes in the embryonic mesoderm and central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 6790-6794, 1987.
 
Townes PL and Holtfreter J : Directed movements and selective adhesions of embryonic amphibian cells. J Exper Zeal 128 : 53-120, 1955.
 
Trowell OA and Willmer EN : Studies on the growth of tissues in vitro. VI. The effects of some tissue extracts on growth of tissues fibroblasts. J Exper Biol 16 : 60-70, 1939.
 
Truman JW : Insect systems for the study of programmed neuronal death. Neurosci Comm I : 66-72, 1982.
 
Truman JW : Programmed cell death in the nervous system of an adult insect. J Comp Neurol 216 : 445-452, 1983.
PubMed
Truman JW : Cell death in invertebrate nervous systems. Ann Rev Neurosci 7 : 171-188, 1984.
PubMed
Truman JW and Schwartz LM : Insect systems for the study of programmed neuronal death. Neurosci Comm 1 : 66-72, 1982.
 
Turner D and Cepko CL : A common progenitor for neurons and glia persists in rat retina late in development. Nature 328 : 131-136, 1987.
PubMed
Ueda S, Go XiF, Whitaker-Azmitia PM, Naruse I and Azmitia EC : Neuro-glial neurotrophic interaction in the S-100β retarded mutant mouse (Polydactyly Nagoya). I. Immunocytochemical and neurochemical studies. Brain Res 633 : 275-283, 1994.
 
Ueda S, Ilea XP. Whitaker-Azmitia PM and Azmitia EC : Neuro-glial neurotrophic interaction in the S-100β retarded mutant mouse (Polydactyly Nagoya). II. Co-cultures study. Brain Res 633 : 284-288, 1994.
 
Unsicker K, Reichert- Preibsch H, Schmidt R, Pettmann B, Labourdette G and Sensenbrenner M : Astroglial and fibroblast growth factors have neurotrophic functions for cultured peripheral and central nervous system neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 5459-5463, 1987.
PubMed
Utset MF, Awgulewitsch A, Ruddle FH and McGinnis W : Region specific expression of two mouse homeobox genes. Science 235 : 1379-1382, 1987,
PubMed
van den Eijnden-Van Raaij AJM, van Zoelent EJJ, van Nimmen K, Koster CH, Snoek GT, Durston AJ and Huylebroeck D : Activin-like factor from a Xenodus laevis cell line responsible for mesoderm induction. Nature 345 : 732-734, 1990.
 
Van der Loos H and Woolsey T : Somatosensory cortex : Structural alterations following early injury to sense organs. Science 179 : 395-398, 1973.
PubMed
Van Eldik LJ, Christie-Pope B, Bolin LM, Shooter EM and Whetsell WO jr : Neurotrophic activity of S 100 β in cultures of dorsal root ganglia from embryonic chick and fetal rat. Brain Res 542 : 280-285, 1991.
 
van Wijhe JW : Uber die Mesodermsegmente and die Entwicklung der Nerven des Selachierkopfes. Verk kon Akad Wetensch Amsterdam 22 : E 1-50, 1883.
 
Varon S, Manthorpe M and Adler R : Cholinergic neurotrophic factors : I. Survival, neurite outgrowth and choline acetyltransferase activity in monolayer cultures from chick embryo ciliary ganglia. Brain Res 173 : 29-45, 1979.
PubMed
Varon S, Raiborn C and Norr S : Association of antibody to nerve growth factor with ganglionic non-neurons (glia) and consequent interference with their neuron-supportive action. Exper Cell Res 88 : 247-256, 1974.
 
Vaughn JE : An electron microscopic analysis of gliogenesis in rat optic nerves. Z Zellforsch 94 : 293-324, 1969.
PubMed
Vaughn JE, Matthews DA, Barber RP, Miner CC and Winer RE : Genetically associated variations in the development of hippocampal pyramidal neurons may produce differences in mossy fiber connectivity. J Comp Neurol 173 : 41-52, 1977-
 
Vignal W : Recherches sur le developpement des elements des couches corticales du cerveau et du cervelet chez l'homme et les mammiferes. Arch Physiol Norm Pathol (Paris) 4 : 228-254 et 311-338, 1888.
 
Vintschgau My : Beobachtungen fiber die Veranderungen der Schmeckbecher nach Durchschneidung des N. glossopharyngeus. Arch Ges Physiol 23 : 1-13, 1880.
 
Vintschgau My and Honigschmied J : Nervus glossopharyngeus and Schmeckbecher. Arch Ges Physiol 14 : 443-448, 1876.
 
Virchow R : Cellularpathologie. Arch Pathol Anat Physiol 8 : 1-15, 1855.
 
Virchow R : Cellularpathologie in Ihre Begrundung auf Physiologische and Pathologische Gewebe lehre. A Ilirschwald, Berlin 1858 (II. Aufl 1859のF Chanceによる英訳はJB Lipincott & Co, Philadelphia 1863から出版, そのreprintがDover, New York 1971から出版)
 
Von Szily A : Uber einleitende Vorgange bei der ersten Entwicklung der Nervenfasern inn N. opticus. Graefe's Arch 81 : 67-86, 1912.
 
Waechter RV and Jaensch B : Generation times of the matrix cells during embryonic brain development : An autoradiographic study in rats. Brain Res 46 : 235-250, 1972.
 
Waldeyer W : Uber Karyokinese and ihre Beziehung zu den Befruchtungsvorgangen. Arch Mikr Anat 32 : 1-122, 1888.
 
Walicke PA : Basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors have trophic effects on neurons from multiple CNS regions. J Neurosci 8 : 2618-2627, 1988.
PubMed
Walicke PA and Baird A : Neurotrophic effects of basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors are not mediated through glial cells. Dev Brain Res 40 : 71-79, 1988.
PubMed
Walicke PA, Cowan WM, Ueno N, Baird A and Guillemin R : Fibroblast growth factor promotes survival of dissected hippocampal neurons and enhances neurite extension. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 : 3012-3016, 1986.
 
Waller A : Experiments on the section of the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves of the frog, and observation of the alterations produced thereby in the structure of their primitive fibres. Phil Trans Roy Soc London Ser B 140 : 423-429, 1850.
 
Waller A : Nouvelle methode pour l'etude du systeme nerveux applicable a l'investigation de la distribution anatomique des cordons nerveux. Compt rend Acad Sci 33 : 606-611, 1851.
 
Walsh C and Polley EH : The topography of ganglion cell production in the cat's retina. J Neurosci 5 : 741-750. 1985.
PubMed
Walter J, Henke-Fahle S and Bonhoeffer F : Avoidance of posterior tectal membranes by temporal retinal axons. Development 101 : 909-913, 1987.
PubMed
Walter J. Kern Veits B, Huf J, Stolze B and Bonhoeffer F : Recognition of position-specific properties of tectal cell membranes by retinal axons in vitro. Development 101 : 685-696, 1987.
PubMed
Waters BH : Primitive segmentation of the vertebrate brain. Quart J Micr Sci 33 : 457-496, 1892.
 
Watson JD and Crick FHC : Molecular structure of nucleic acids : a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature 171 : 737-738, 1953.
 
Watson JD and Crick FHC : Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid. Nature 171 : 964-967, 1953.
 
Watterson RL : Structure and mitotic behavior of the early neural tube. In : Organogenesis. Ed by RL DeHaan and H Ursprung. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp. 129 159, 1965.
 
Weier MD, Patel AJ. llunt A and Thomas DGT : Developmental changes in the amount of glial fibrillary acidic protein in three regions of the rat brain. Dev Brain Res 15 : 147-154, 1984.
 
Weiss P : In vivo experiments on the factors determing the course of outgrowing nerve fiber. J Exper Zool 68 : 393-448, 1934.
 
Weiss P : Nerve patterns. The mechanics of nerve growth. Third Growth Symposium 5 : 163-203, 1941.
 
Weiss P : Nervous system. In : Analysis of Develop-ment. Ed by Jill Willer, P Weiss and V Hamburger. Saunders, Philadelphia pp 346-401. 1955.
 
Weiss P and Taylor AC : Further experimental evidence against "neurotropism" in nerve regeneration. J Exper Zool 95 : 233-257. 1944.
 
Wessells NK : Tissue Interactions and Development. Benjamin-Cummings, Menlo Park CA, 1977.
 
Whittemore SR, Friedman PL, Larhammer D, Persson M, Gonzalez-Carvajal and Holets VR : Rat β-nerve growth factor sequence and site of synthe-sis in the adult hippoeampus. J Neurosci Res 20 : 403-410, 1988-
 
Wilkinson DG : Segmental gene expression in the developing mouse brain. Seminars Dev Biol 1 : 127-134, 1990.
 
Wilkinson DG, Bhatt S, Charrier P, Bravo R and Charnay P : Segment-specific expression of a zinc-finger gene in the developing nervous system of the mouse. Nature 337 : 461-464, 1989.
 
Wilkinson DG, Bhatt S, Cook M, Boncinelli E and Krumlauf R : Segmental expression of Hex-2 homeobox-containing genes in the developing mouse hindbrain. Nature 341 : 405-409, 1989.
 
Wilkinson DG and Krumlauf R : Molecular approaches to the segmentation of the hindbrain. Trends Neurosci 13 : 335-339, 1990.
 
Willier BH and Oppenheimer JM : Foundations of Experimental Embryology. Hafner Press, New York, 2nd Ed, 1974.
 
Wilson DB : Effects of embryonic overgrowth on the avian optic tectum. Amer J Anat 135 : 549-560, 1972.
PubMed
Wilson DB : Chronological changes in the cell cycle of chick neuroepithelial cells. J Embryol Exper Morphol 29 : 745-751, 1973.
 
Wilson DB : The cell cycle of ventricular cells in the overgrown optic tectum. Brain Res 69 : 41-48, 1974.
PubMed
Wilson DB : The cell cycle during closure of the neural folds in the C57BL mouse. Dev Brain Res 2 : 420-424, 1982.
 
Wilson DB : The Cell in Development and Heredity. Macmillan, New York 1925. 3rd ed. pp. 980-1034. Reprinted Garland. New York, 1987.
 
Winningham-Major F, Staecker JL, Barger SW, Coats S and Van Eldik LJ : Neurite extension and neuronal survival activities of recombinant S 100 protein that differ in the content and position of cysteine residues. J Cell Biol 109 : 3063-3071, 1989.
PubMed
Wiron D, Perret C, Frechin N, Kelley A. Behar G, Brachet P and Auggray C : Molecular cloning of the avian β-nerve growth factor gene. Transcription in brain. FEBS Lett 203 : 82-86, 1986.
 
Wittenberger B, Raben D, Lieberman MA and Glaser L : Inhibition of growth of 3T3 cells by extract of surface membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75 : 5457-5461, 1978.
 
Wong V and Kessler JA : Solubl izati on of a membraie factor that stimulates levels of substance P and choline acetyltransferase in sympathetic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 : 8726-8729, 1987.
 
Woolsey TA and Van der Loos H : The structural organization of layer IF in the somatosensory region (S1) of mouse cerebral cortex : The description of a cortical field composed of discrete cytoarchitectonic units. Brain Res 17 : 205-242, 1970.
 
Wray S, Grant P and Gainer H : Evidence that cells expressing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone mRNA in the mouse are derived from progenitor cells in the olfactory placode. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 : 8132-8136, 1989.
PubMed
Wray S, Nieburgs A and Elkabes S : Spatiotemporal cell expression of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the prenatal mouse : Evidence for an embryonic origin in the olfactory placode. Dev Brain Res 46 : 309-318, 1989.
PubMed
Yamamori T : Molecular mechanisms for generation of neural diversity and specificity : roles of polypeptide factors in development of postmitotic neurons. Neurosci Res 12 : 545-582, 1992.
PubMed
Yan O and Johnson EM jr : An immunohistochemical study of the nerve growth factor rece ptor in developing rats. J Neurosci 8 : 3481-3498, 1988.
 
Yoon MG : Reversibility of the reorganization of retinotectal projection in goldfish. Exper Neurol 35 : 565-577, 1972.
 
Yoon MG : Induction of compression in the reestablished visual projections on to a rotated tectal reimplant that retains to original topographic polarity within the halved optic tectum of adult goldfish. J Physiol (Lond) 264 : 379-410, 1977.
PubMed
Ziegler HE : Die phylogenetische Entwicklung des Kopfes der Wirbeltiere. Jena Z Med Naturwiss 43 : 653-684, 1908.
 
Ziehen Th : Die Histogenese von Hirn- and Ruckenmark. Entwicklung der Leitungsbahnen and der Nervenkerne bei den W irbeltieren. In : Handbuch der vergleichenden mid experimentellen Entwicklungslehre der Wirbeltiere. Bd II, Teil 3, Kapitel VIII and IX. G Fischer, Jena, S 273-394 and S 395-512, 1906.
 
Zinn K, McAllister L and Goodman CS : Sequence analysis and neuronal expression of fasciclin I in grasshopper and Drosophila. Cell 53 : 577-587, 1988.
PubMed
Zisch AH, D'Alessandri L, Ranscht B, Falchetto, R, Winterhalter Kit and Vaughan L : Neuronal cell adhesion molecule contactin / F 11 binds to tenascin via its immunoglobulin-like domains, J Cell Biol 119 : 203-213, 1992.
 

VIII 神経系の系統発生

P.1034 掲載の参考文献
Anderson PAV : Physiology of a bidirectional, excitatory, chemical synapse. J Neurophysiol 53 : 821-835, 1985.
 
Anderson PAV and Mackie GO : Electrically coupted, photosensitive neurons control swimming in a jellyfish. Science 197 : 186-188, 1977.
 
Anderson PAV and Schwab WE : Recent advances and model systems in coelenterate neurobiology. Prog Neurobiol 19 : 213-236, 1982.
 
Ankel WE and Wintermann-Kilian G : Fine bei Ephydatia fluviatilis neu gefundene hochdifferenzierte Zellart and die Struktur der Doppelepithelien. Z Naturforsch 7B : 475-481, 1952.
 
Appel FW and Appel EM : Intracranial variation in the weight of human brain. Human Biol 14 : 48-68 and 235-250, 1942.
 
Armstrong E : A look at relative brain size in mammals. Neurosci Lett 34 : 101-104, 1982.
 
Armstrong E : Metabolism and relative brain size. Science 220 : 1302-1304, 1983.
PubMed
Armstrong E : Allometric considerations of the adult mammalian brain, with special emphasis on primates. In : Size and Scaling in Primate Biology. Ed by WL Jungers. Plenum, New York, pp 115-146, 1985.
 
Armstrong E : Relative brain size in monkeys and prosimians. Amer J Physol Anthropol 66 : 263-273, 1985.
 
Armstrong E : Evolution of the brain. In : The Human Nervous System. Ed by G Paxinos. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 1-16, 1990.
 
Armstrong E and Bergerson M : Relative brain size and metabolism in birds, Brain Behav Evol 26 : 141-153, 1985.
 
Armstrong E, Ziles and Schlaug G : Comparative aspects of the primate posterior cingulate cortex. J Comp Neurol 253 : 539-548, 1986.
 
Ayala EJ : The mechanisms of evolution. Sri Amer 239 : 48-61, 1978.
 
Ayers H : Ventral spinal nerves in Amphioxus. J Comp Neurol 33 : 155-162, 1902.
 
Baron G, Frahm HD and Stephan H : Comparison of brain structure volumes in insectivora and primates. VIII. Vestibular complex. J Hirnforsch 29 : 509-523, 1988.
PubMed
Bauchot R et Stephan H : Encephalisation et niveau evolutif chez les simiens. Mammalia 33 : 225-275, 1969.
 
Baudelot E : Etudes generales sur le systeme netveux. Arch Zool Exper Gen 1 : 177-216, 1872.
 
Berill NJ : The Origin of Vertebrates. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1955.
 
Bethe A : Allgemeine Anatomic and Physiologie des Nervensystems. G Thieme, Leipzig, 1903.
 
Bischoff Th LW von : Das Hirngewicht des Menschen. Neusser, Bonn, 1880.
 
Bode HR, Heimfeld S, Koizumi O, Littlefield CL and Yaross MS : Maintenance and regeneration of the nerve net in Hydra. Amer Zool 28 : 1053-1063, 1988.
 
Bode PM, Awad TA, Koizumi O, Nakashima Y, Grimmelikhuijzen CJP and Bode HR : Development of the two-part pattern during regeneration of the head in hydra. Development 102 : 223-235, 1988.
 
Bodian D : The generalized vertebrate neuron. Science 137 : 323-326, 1962.
PubMed
Boeke J : Uber das Homologen des Infundibularor gans bei Amphioxus lanceolatus. Anat Anz 15 : 411-415, 1902.
 
Boeke J : Das Infundibularorgan im Gehirne des Amphioxus. Anat Ang 32 : 473-488, 1908.
 
Boeke J : Neue Beobachtungen Uber das Infundibularorgan im Gehirn des Amphioxus and das homologe Organ des Craniotengehirnes. Anat Anz 44 : 460-477, 1913.
 
Bone Q : Synaptic relations in the atrial nervous system of Amphioxus. J Micr Sci 99 : 243-261, 1958.
 
Bone Q : The central nervous system in Amphioxus. J Comp Neurol 115 : 27-64, 1960.
 
Boyd R : Tables of the weights of the human body and internal organs in the sane and insane of both sexes at various ages, arranged from 2614 post-mortenn examinations. Phil Trans Roy Soc 151 : 241-262, 1861.
 
Brody BA, Kinney HC, Kloman AS and Gilles FH : Sequence of central nervous system myelination in human infants. I. An autopsy study of myelination. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 46 : 283-301, 1987.
 
Brody H : Organization of the cerebral cortex. III. A study of aging in the human cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 102 : 511-556, 1955.
 
Bromage TG and Dean MC : Re-evaluation of the age of death of immature fossil hominids. Nature 317 : 525-527, 1985.
PubMed
Brown F, Harris J, Leakey R and Walker A : Early Home erectus skeleton from west Lake Turkana Kenya. Nature 316 : 788-792, 1985.
 
Brummelkamp R : Das Wachstum der Gehirnmasse mit kleinen Cephalisierungssprungen (sog. 2-Sprunges) bei Amphibien and Fischen. Acts Morphol Need Scand 2 : 268-271, 1939.
 
Bullock TH : The anatomical organization of the nervous system of Enteropneusta. Quant J Micr Sci 86 : 55-111, 1945.
 
Bullock TH and Horridge GA : Structure and Function in the Nervous System of Invertebrates. Vol I and II. WH Freeman and Co, San Francisco & London, 1965.
 
Catel J : Ein Beitrag zur Frage von Hirnentwicklung and Menschwerdung. Klin Wochenschr 31 : 473-475, 1953.
 
Chernyshev SP : Uber das Hirngewicht des Menschen. Petersburg 1911 (Dekabanより引用).
 
Chrzanowska G and Beben A : Weight of the brain and body height in man between the ages of 20 and 89 years. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 32 : 391-406, 1973.
PubMed
Clutton-Brock TH and Harvey PH : Primates, brains and ecology. J Zool 190 : 309-323, 1980.
 
Cobb S : Brain size. Arch Neurol 12 : 555-561, 1965.
PubMed
Colbert EH : Dinosaurus, Their Discovery and Their World. EP Dutton & Co, New York, 1961.
 
Colbert EH : Weights of Dinosaurus. American Museum Novitates 2076 : 1, 1962 (Cobb 1965より引用).
 
Coppoletta JM and Wolbach SB : Body length and organ weight of infants and children. Amer J Pathol 9 : 55-70, 1933.
 
Count EW : Brain and body weight in man : their antecedents in growth and evolution. Ann NY Acad Sci 46 : 993-1122, 1947.
 
Crichton-Browne J : On the weight of the brain and its components parts in the insane. Brain 1 : 504-518, 1878.
 
Dart RA : Australopithecus africanus, the man-ape of South Africa. Nature 115 : 195, 1925.
 
David CN and Gierer A : Cell cycle kinetics and development of Hydra attenuata. III. Nerve and nematocyte differentiation. J Cell Sci 16 : 359-375, 1974.
PubMed
Davis JB : Contribution towards determining the weight of the brain in different races of man. Phil Trans Roy Sac 158 : 505-527, 1868.
 
Davis LE, Burnett AL and Ilaynes JF : Histological and ultrastructural study of the muscular and nervous system in Hydra. II. Nervous system. J Exper Zool 162 : 295-332, 1968.
 
Dekaban AS : Changes in brain weights during the span of human life : Relation of brain weights to body heights and body weights. Ann Neurol 4 : 345-356, 1978.
PubMed
Diamond IT : The subdivision of neocortex : Aproposal to revise the traditional view of sensory, motor and association areas. Prog Psychobiol Physiol Psychol 8 : 81-151, 1979.
 
Dogiel AS : Das periphere Nervensystem des Amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum). Anat Hefte Abt 1. 21 : 145-213, 1903.
 
Donaldson HH : Growth of the Brain : Study of Nervous System in Relation to Education. Scribner's Sons, New York, 1895.
 
Donaldson HH : The significance of brain weight. Arch Neurol Psychiat 13 : 385-386, 1925.
 
Dubois E : Sur le rapport du poids de l'encephale avec la grandeur du corps chez le mammiferes. Bull Soc Anthropol 8 : 337-376, 1897.
 
Dubois E : Phylogenetic and ontogenetic increase of the volume of the brain in vertebrata. Proc Koninkl Med Akad Wetenschap (Amsterdam) 25 : 230-255, 1923.
 
Dutrillaux B : Chromosomal evolution of the great apes and man. In : The Great Apes of Africa. Ed by RV Short and B Weir. J. Reproduction and Fertility, Colchester-London, 1980.
 
Edinger L : The relations of comparative anatomy to comparative psychology. J Comp Neurol Psychol 18 : 437-457, 1908.
 
Edinger L : Vorlesungen uber den Ban der nervosen Zentralorgane des Menschen and der Tiere. II. Vergleichende Anatomie des Gehirns. FCW Vogel, Leipzig, 1908.
 
Eisenberg JF and Wilson D : Relative brain size and feeding strategies in the Chiroptera. Evolution (Lawrence, Kans) 32 : 740-751, 1978.
 
Ellis Rs : Norms for some structural changes in the human cerebellum from birth to old age. J Comp Neurol 32 : 1-35, 1920/21.
 
Epstein HT : Possible metabolic constraints on human brain weight at birth. Amer J Physiol Anthropol 39 : 135-136, 1973.
 
Fachini F : Cammino dell' Evoluzione Umana. Jaca Book, Milano, 1984.
 
Falk D : Hominid paleoneurology. Ann Rev Anthropol 16 : 13-30, 1987.
 
Falk D and Kasinga S : Cranial capasity of a female robust australopithecine (KNM-ER 407) from Kenya. Amer J Physiol Anthropol 12 : 515-518, 1983.
 
Fitch WM and Margoliash E : Construction of phylogenetic trees. Science 155 : 279-284, 1967.
PubMed
Flechsig PE : Die Leitungsbahnen im Gehirn and Ruckenmark des Menschen auf Grund entwicklungsgeschichtlicher Untersuchungen. W Engelmann, Leipzig, 1876.
 
Flechsig PE : Plan des menschlichen Gehirns. Veit, Leipzig, 1883.
 
Franz V : Haut, Sinnesorgane and Nervensystem der Akranier. Z Naturwiss 59 : 401-526, 1923.
 
Franz V : Morphologie der Akranier. Erg Anat Entwickl-gesch (Z. Ges Anat, Abt 3) 27 : 464-692, 1927.
 
Friede RL : The ralationship of body size, nerve cell size, axon length and glial density in the cerebellum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 49 : 187-193, 1963.
 
Garstang W : The theory of recapitulation : a critical restatement of the biogenetic law. J Linn Soc Zool 35 : 81-101, 1922.
 
Geiger A and Magnes J : The isolation of the cerebral circulation and the perfusion of the living cat. Amer J Physiol 149 : 517-537, 1947.
PubMed
Ghiselin MT : The failure of morphology to assimilate Darwinism. In : The evolutionary synthesis, perspectives on the unification of biology. Ed by E Mayr and WB Provine. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass)-London. pp 180-193, 1980.
 
Giard A : La castration parasitaire et son influence sur les caracteres exterieurs du sexe male chez les crustaces decapodes. Bull Sci Department du Nord (Bull Sci France et BelgからBull Biol France Belgに改名) 18 : 1-28, 1887.
 
Gilboe DD and Betz AG : Oxygen uptake in the isolated canine brain. Amer J Physiol 224 : 588-595, 1973.
 
Gingerich PD : Nonlinear molecular clock and ape -human divergence times. In : Hominid Evolution, Past, Present and Future. Ed by PV Tobias. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 411-416, 1985.
 
Goodrich ES : Metameric segmentation and homology. Quart J Micr Sci 59 : 227-248, 1913.
 
Gould SJ : Ontogeny and Phylogeny. The Belknap Press of Harverd Univ Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1977.
 
Gould SJ : The Mismesure of Man. Norton, New York, 1981.
 
Grimmelikhuijzen CJP : FMRF amide immunoreactivity is generally occurring in the nervous systems of coelenterates. Histochemistry 78 : 361-381, 1983.
 
Grimmelikhuijzen CJP : Antisera to the sequence Arg-Phe-amide visualize neuronal centralization in hydroid polyps. Cell Tissue Res 241 : 171-182, 1985.
 
Grimmelikhuijzen CJP, Balfe A, Emson PC, Powell D and Sundler F : Substance P-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of hydra. Histochemistry 71 : 325-333, 1981.
 
Grimmelikhuijzen CJP, Carraway RE, Rokaeus A and Sundler F : Neurotensin- like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of hydra. Histochemistry 72 : 199-209, 1981.
 
Grimmelikhuijzen CJP, Dierickx K and Boer GJ : Oxytocin/vasopressin-like immunoreactivity is present in the nervous system of hydra. Neuroscience 7 : 3191-3199, 1982.
 
Grimmelikhuijzen CJP, Dockray GJ and Schot LPC : FMRF amide-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of Hydra. Histochemistry 73 : 499-508, 1982.
 
Grimmelikhuijzen CJP, Dockray GJ and Yanaihara N : Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of hydra. Histochemistry 73 : 171-180, 1981.
 
Grimmelikhuijzen CJP and Graff D : Arg-Phe-amide-like peptides in the primitive nervous systems of coelenterates. Peptides 6 (Suppl 3) 477-483, 1985.
 
Grimmelikhuijzen CJP, Graff D, Koizumi O, Westfall JA and McFarlane ID : Neurons and their peptide transmitters in Coeleterates. In : Evolution of the First Nervous Systems. Ed by PAV Anderson. Plenum Press, New York, pp95-109, 1990.
 
Grimmelikhuijzen CJP and Spencer AN : FMRF amide immunoreactivity in the nervous system ofthe medusa Polyorchis penicillatus. J Comp Neurol 230 : 361-371, 1984.
 
Grimmelikhuijzen CJP, Spencer AN and Carre D : Organization of the nervous system of Physonectid siphonophores. Cell Tissue Res 246 : 463-479, 1986.
 
Grimmelikhuijzen CJP, Sundler F and Rehfeld JF : Gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of coelenterates. Histochemistry 69 : 61-68, 1980.
 
Grouchy J de : Les fasteurs genetiques de l'evolution. In : Colloques internationaux du CNRS, 599 Les processes d'hominisation. Paris Ed. CNRS, pp283-293, 1982.
 
Guthrie D : The physiology and structure of the nervous system of amphioxus (the lancelet), Branmchiostoma lanceolatum Pallas. Symp Zool Soc London 36 : 43-80, 1975.
 
Hadzi J : Uber das Nervensystem von Hydra. Arb Zool Inst Wien 17 : 225-268, 1909.
 
Hadzi J : Application of the principles of phylembryogenesis to the protista. Nature 169 : 1019, 1952.
 
Hadzi J : The Evolution of the Metazoa. Macmillan, New York, 1963.
 
Haeckel E : Generalle Morphologic der Organismen : Allgemeine Grundzuge der organischen Formen-Wissenschaft, mechanisch begrundet durch die von Charles Darwin reformierte Descendenz-Theorie. 2 Bande. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 1866.
 
Haeckel E : Naturliche Schopfungsgeschichte. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 1868.
 
Haeckel E : Anthropogenie : Keimes- and Stammes-Geschichte des Menschen. W Engelmann, Leipzig, 1874 ; 3. Aufl 1879 ; 5. Aufl 1905.
 
Haeckel E : Die Gastraea-Theorie, die phylogenetische Klassification des Tierreiches und Homologie der Keimblatter. Z Naturwiss 8 : 1-55, 1874.
 
Haeckel E : Die Gastraea and die Eifurchung der Thiere. Z Naturwiss 9 : 402-508, 1875.
 
Haeckel E : Die Perigenesis der Plastidule oder die Wellenzeugung der Lebenstheilchen. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 1876.
 
Hamann O : Beitrdge zur Histologie der Echinodermen. I. Die Holothurien (Pedata) and das Nervensystem der Asteriden. Z wiss Zool 39 : 145-190, 1883.
 
Hamann O : Beitrage zur Histologie der Echinodermen. II. Z wiss Zool 39 : 309-333. 1883.
 
Hamann O : Beitrage zur Histologie der Echinodermen. I. Die Holothurien. Fischer, Jena, 1884.
 
Hamann O : Beitrdge zur Histologie der Echinodermen. II. Die Asteriden anatomisch and his tologisch untersucht. Fischer, Jena, 1885.
 
Hamann O : Beitrdge zur Histologie der Echinodermen. III. Anatomie and Histologie der Echinodermen and Spatangiden. Fischer, Jena, and Z Naturwiss 21 : 87-266, 1887.
 
Hamann O : Anatomie der Ophiuren and Crinoiden. Z Naturwiss 23 : 233-388, 1889.
 
Hamori J : Innervation of insect leg muscle. Arch Biol Hang 12 : 219-230, 1961.
 
Henderson C, Tomlinson BE and Gibson P : Cell counts in human cerebral cortex in normal adults throughout life using an image analysing computer. J Neurol Sci 46 : 113-136, 1980.
 
Hernandez-Nicaise ML : The nervous system of Ctenophora. III. Ultrastructure of synapses. J Neurocytol 2 : 249-263, 1973.
 
Hersh AH : Allometric growth : the ontogenic and phylogenetic significance of differential rates of growth. Growth 5 (Suppl) 113-145, 1941.
 
Hertwig O und Hertwig R : Das Nervensystem und die Sinnesorgane der Medusen. Vogel, Leipzig, 1878.
 
Hertwig O und Hertwig R : Die Actinien anatomisch and histologisch mit besonderer Berocksichtigung des Nervenmuskelsystems untersucht. Jena Z Naturwiss 6 : 457-586, 1879 und 7 : 39-89, 1880.
 
Hesse R : Untersuchungen uber die Organe der Lichtempfindung bei niederen Thieren. IV. Die Sehorgane des Amphioxus. Z wiss Zool 63 : 456-464, 1898.
 
Hilton WA : The central nervous system of Tunica nigra. Zool Jb (Anat) 37 : 113-130, 1913.
 
Hoffmann CK : Zur Anatomie der Echinen und Spatangen. Nederland Arch Zool 1 : 11-112, 1871.
 
Hofman MA : Encephalization in hominids : Evidence for the model of punctuationalism. Brain Behav Evol 22 : 102-217, 1983.
PubMed
Holland P : Homeobox genes in vertebrate evolution. Bioessays 14 : 267-273, 1992.
PubMed
Holland P, Ingham P and Krauss 5 : Mice and flies head to head. Nature 358 : 627-628, 1992.
 
Holloway RL jr : The evolution of the primate brain : Some aspects of quantitative relations. Brain Res 7 : 121-172, 1968.
PubMed
Holloway RL jr : Endocranial volumes of early African hominids and the role of the brain in human mosaic evolution. J Hum Evolut 2 : 449-458, 1973.
 
Holloway RL jr : The casts of fossil hominid brains. Sci Amer 231 : 106-115, 1974.
 
Holloway RL jr : The Role of Human Social Behavior in the Evolution of the Human Brain. 43rd James Arthur Lect Amer Mus Nat Hist, New York, 1975.
 
Holloway RL jr : Problems of brain endocast interpretation and African hominid evolution. In : Early Hominids of Africa. Ed by C Jolly. Duckworth, London, pp379-401, 1978.
 
Holloway RL jr : Indonesian "Solo" (Ngandong) endocranial reconstructions : Some preliminary observations and comparisons with Neanderthal and Homo erectus groups. Amer J Physiol Anthropol 53 : 285-295, 1980.
 
Holloway RL jr : Volumetric and asymmetry determinations on recent hominid endocasts : Spy I and II. Djebel Ihroud I , and the Sale Homo erectus specimens, with some notes on Neanderthal brain size. Amer J Physiol Anthropol 55 : 385-393, 1981.
 
Holloway RL jr : Human paleontological evidence relevant to language behavior. Hum Neurobiol 2 : 105-114, 1983.
 
Holloway RL jr : The past, present and future significance of the Innate sulcus in early hominid evolution. In : Hominid Evolution : Past, Present and Future. Ed by PV Tobias. Liss, New York, pp 47-62, 1985.
 
Holloway RL jr and De La Coste MC : Brain endocast asymmetry in pongids and hominids : Some preliminary findings on the paleontology of cerebral dominance. Amer J Physiol Anthropol 58 : 101-110, 1982.
 
Holloway RL jr and Post DG : The relativity of relative brain measure and hominid mosaic evolution. In : Primate Brain Evolution : Methods and Concepts. Ed by E Armstrong and D Falk. Plenum, New York, pp 57-76, 1982.
 
Holt AB, Cheek DB, Mellits ED and Hill DE : Brain size and the relation of the primate to the nonprimate. In : Fetal and Postnatal Cellular Growth : Hormones and Nutrition. Ed by DB Cheek. John Wiley, New York, pp 23-44, 1975.
 
Horridge GA : The nerves and muscles of medusae. I. Conduction in the nervous system of Aurellia aurita Lamarck. J Exper Biol 31 : 594-600, 1954.
 
Horridge GA : The nerves and muscles of medusae. II. Geryonia proboscidalis Eschscholtz. J Exper Biol 32 : 555-568, 1955.
 
Horridge GA and Mackie GO : Naked axons and symmetrical synapses in an elementary nervous system. Nature 193 : 899-900, 1962.
 
Hubbert WT, Stalheim OHV and Booth GD : Changes in organ weight and fluid volumes during growth of the bovine fetus. Growth 36 : 217-233, 1972.
 
Hunter GW : Notes on the finer structure of the nervous system of Cynthia partita (Verrill). Zool Bull 2 : 99-115, 1898.
 
Huttenlocher PR : Myelination and the development of function in immature pyramidal tract. Exper Neurol 29 : 405-415, 1970.
 
石川優 : ホヤ胚の変態. 生物の科学「遺伝」 38 : 35-45, 1984.
 
Issac G, Harris JWK and Crader D : Archeological evidence from Koobi Fora Formation. In : Earliest Man and Environments in the Lake Rudolf Basin. Ed by Y Coppens, PC Howell, GL Issac and REF Leakey. Univ Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, pp 533-551, 1976.
 
Jelinek J : The Tabun cave and Paleolithic man in Levant. Science 216 : 1369-1375. 1982.
 
Jelinek J : The European, Near East and North African finds after Australopithecus and the principal consequences for the picture of human evolution. In : Homiorid Evolution, Past, Present and Future, Ed by PV Tobias. Alan R Liss, New York, pp341-354, 1985.
 
Jerison HJ : The Evolution of the Brain and Intelligence. Academic Press, New York, 1973.
 
Jha RK and Mackie GO : The recognition, distribution and ultrastructure of hydrozoan nerve elements. J Morphol 123 : 43-62, 1967.
PubMed
Johanson DC and White TD : A systematic assessment of early African hominids. Science 202 : 321-330, 1979.
 
Johnston JB : The cranial and spinal ganglia and the viscero-motor roots in Amphioxus. Biol Bull, Manine Biol Lab, Woods Hole 9 : 113-127, 1905.
 
Jones WC : Is there to nervous system in sponges? Biol Rev 37 : 1-50, 1962.
PubMed
Joseph H : Ueber eigentumliche Zellstrukturen im Zentralnervensystem von Amphioxus. Verh Anat Ges 18 : 16-26, 1904.
 
Kappers CU Ariens : The phylogenesis of the palaeocortex and archicortex compared with the evolution of the visual neocortex. Arch Neurol Psych 4 : 161-173, 1909.
 
Kappers CU Ariens, Huber GC and Crosby EC : The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates Including Man. Vol I-III, Hafner, New York, 1960.
 
Kety SS : Circulation and metabolism of the human brain in health and disease. J Med 8 : 205-217, 1950.
 
Kimura M : The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, 1983.
 
King MC and Schmidt C : Evolution at two levels in human and Chimpanzees. Science 188 : 107-116, 1975.
 
Knight-Jones EW : On the nervous system of Sac coglossus cambrensis (Enteropneusta). Phil Trans Roy Soc, Ser B 236 : 315-354, 1952.
 
Koelliker A von : Ueber das Geruchsorgan von Amphioxus. Arch Anat Physiol 32-35, 1843.
 
小泉修: ヒドラの摂食行動. 摂食行動のメカニズム. 森田・久保田編, 産業図書, 東京, 99 147-166, 1982.
 
小泉修: ヒドラ (その五). ミクロスコピア 11 : 166-171, 1994.
Medical*Online
Koizumi O and Bode HR : Plasticity in the nervous system of adult Hydra. III. Conversion of neurons to expression of a vasopressin-like immunoreactivity depends on axial location. J Neurosci 11 : 2011-2020, 1991.
PubMed
Koizumi O, Itazawa M, Mizumoto H, Minobe S, Javois LC, Grimmelikhuijzen CJP and Bode HR : Nerve ring of the hypostome in Hydra. I. Its structure, development, and maintenance. J Comp Neurol 326 : 7-21, 1992.
 
Koizumi O, Wilson JD, Grimmelikhuijzen CJP and Westfall JA : Ultrastructural localization of RF amide-like peptides in neuronal dense-cored vesicles in the peduncle of Hydra. J Exper Zool 249 : 17-22, 1989.
 
Kollmann J : Das Uberwintern von europdischen Frosch- and Tritonlarven and die Umwandlung des mexikanischen Axolotl. Verh Naturf Ges Basel 7 : 387-398, 1885.
 
Kowalevsky A : Weitere Studien uber die Entwicklung der einfachen Ascidien. Arch Mikr Anat 7 : 8-130, 1871.
 
Kretschmann HJ, Schleicher A, Wingert F, Zilles K and Loblich HJ : Human brain growth in the 19th and 20th century. J Neurol Sci 40 : 169-188, 1979.
 
Kupffer K von : Die Morphogenie des Centralnervensystems. In : Handbuch der vergleichenden und experimentellen Entwicklungslehre der Wirbeltiere. Herausg von O Hertwig. Bd 2, Teil 3. G Fischer, Jena, 1-272, 1906.
 
黒津敏行: 南方熊楠翁の脳髄を眺めて. 脳の領域 11, 98-105, 1951.
 
Kutchin HL : Studies on the peripheral nervous system of amphioxus. Proc Amer Acad Arts Sci 49 : 571-624, 1913.
 
Leakey MD : Tracks and tools. Phil Trans Roy Soc London. Ser Biol 292 : 95-102, 1981.
 
Leakey MD and Hay RL : Pliocene footprints in the Laetolil beds of Laetoli, Northern Tanzania. Nature 278 : 317-323, 1979.
 
Leakey MD and Lewin R : Origins. EP Dutton, New York, 1977.
 
Le Gros Clark WE : The Crucial Evidence for Human Evolution. Amer Phil Soc Proc 103 : 159-172, 1959.
 
Le Gros Clark WE : The Fossil Evidence for Human Evolution. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1964.
 
Lendenfeld R von : Das Nervensystem der Spongien. Zool Anz 8 : 47-50, 1885.
 
Lendenfeld R von : The histology and nervous system of the calcareous sponges. Proc Linn Soc NS Wales 9 : 977-983, 1885.
 
Lendenfeld R von : Synocils, Sinnesorgane der Spongien. Zool Anz 10 : 142-145, 1887.
 
Leuttenegger W : Newborn size and pelvic dimensions of Australopithecus. Nature 240 : 568-569, 1972.
 
Leuttenegger W : Encephalization and obstetrics in primates with particular reference to human evolution. In : Primate Brain Evolution : Methods and Concepts. Ed by E Armstrong and D Falk. Plenum, New York, pp 85-95, 1982.
 
Lewontin RC : Adaptation. Sci Amer 239 : 157-169, 1978.
 
Lilly JG : Man and Dolphin. Double-day & Co, Garden City, NY, 1961.
 
Lull RS : Stegosaurus ungulatus. Amer J Sci 4 Ser 30 : 361-377, 1910.
 
Mackie GO : Report on giant nerve fibres in Nanomia. Pub! Seto Marine Lab 20 : 745-756, 1973.
 
Mackie GO, Singla CL and Arkett SA : On the nervous system of Vellela (Hydrozoa : Chondrophora). J Morphol 198 : 15-23, 1988.
 
Mackie GO, Singla CL and Stell WK : Distribution of nerve elements showing FMRF amide-like immunoreactivity in Hydromedusae. Acta Zool Stockh 66 : 199-210, 1985.
 
MacLean PD : The triune brain, emotion, and scientific bias. In : The Neurosciences, 2nd study program. Ed by FO Schmitt. Rockefeller Univ Press, New York, 1970.
 
MacLean PD : Cerebral evolution and emotional processes. New findings on the striatal complex. Ann NY Acad Sci 193 : 137-149, 1972.
PubMed
MacPhail E : Brain and Intelligence in Vertebrates. Oxford Univ Press, London-New York, 1982.
 
Marchard F : fiber das Hirngewicht des Menschen. Abh Math Phys CI Kg! Ges Wiss 27 : 391-482, 1902.
 
Margulis L : Origin of eukaryotic cells. Yale Univ Press, New Haven, 1970.
 
Margolis L and Schwartz KV : Five Kingdoms. Freeman & Co, San Francisco, 1982.
 
Marshall J : On the relationship between the weight of the brain and its parts, and the stature and mass of the body in man. J Anat Physiol 26 : 445-489, 1892.
 
Martin RD : Relative brain size and basal metabolic rate in vertebrates. Nature 293 : 57-60, 1981.
PubMed
Martini E : Studien fiber die Konstanz biologischer Elemente. I. Oikopleura longicauda. Z Wiss Zool 92 : 563-626, 1909.
 
Masai H : On the brain pattern of Chlamydoselachus anguineus. Yokohama Med Bull 12 : 231-238, 1961.
PubMed
正井秀夫 : 脳の系統発生と本能行動. 脳の統御機能6. 行動発現と脳. 伊藤正男, 大村裕, 小幡邦彦, 久保田競, 松尾裕編. 医歯薬出版, 東京, pp15-37, 1980.
 
正井秀夫 : 習性の脳構造への反映-進化生物学との関連において. 医学のあゆみ 121 : 427-441, 1982.
 
Masai H, Sato Y and Aoki M : The brain of Mitsukurina owstomi. J Hirnforsch 14 : 493-500, 1973.
PubMed
Masai H, Takatsuji K and Aoki M : Brain organization in embryo of the frilled shark, Chlamydoselachus anguineus. Zool Anz 206 : 257-262, 1981.
 
Matsuno T and Kageyama T : The nervous system in the hypostome of Pelmatohydra robusta : The presence of a circumhypostomal nerve ring in the epidermis. J Morphol 182 : 153-168, 1984.
PubMed
Mayr E : Descent of man and sexual selection. In : L'Origine dell'Uomo. Academia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, pp 33-61, 1973.
 
McFarlane ID : Spontaneous contractions and nerve-net activity in the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica. Mar Behaviour Physiol 2 : 97-113, 1973.
 
McHenry H : The pattern of human evolution : Studies of bipedalism, mastication, and encephalization. Ann Rev Anthropol 11 : 151-173, 1982.
 
McIlwain H : Biochemistry and the Central Nervous System. Little, Brown and Co. Boston. 2nd ed, 1959.
 
Metcalf MM : Note on tunicate morphology. Anat Anz 11 : 329-340, 1895.
 
Michaelis P : Das Hirngewicht des Kindes. Monatschr Kinderhk 6 : 9-26, 1907.
 
Miller AKH, Alston RL and Corsellis JAN : Variation with age in the volumes of grey and white matter in the cerebral hemispheres of man : Measurements with an image analyser. J Neurol Appl Neurobiol 6 : 119-132, 1980.
 
Miller AKH and Corsellis JAN : Evidence for a secular increase in human brain weight during the past century. Ann Hum Biol 4 : 253-257, 1977.
 
Morita Y, Ito H and Masai H : Central gustatory paths in the crucian carp, Carassius carassius. J Comp Neurol 191 : 119-132, 1980.
PubMed
Mountcastle VB : Modality and topographic properties of single neurons of cat's somatic sensory cortex. J Neurophysiol 1 : 455-473, 1957.
 
Mountcastle VB : An organizing principle for cerebral function : The unit module and the distributed system. In : The Mindful Brain. Ed by GM Edelman VB Mountcastle. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass, pp 7-50, 1976.
 
Mountcastle VB, Lynch JC, Georgopoulos A, Sakata H and Acunac : Posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey : Command functions for operations within extrapersonal space. J Neurophysiol 38 : 871-908, 1975.
 
Muhlmann M : Wachstum, Alter and Tod. Z Ges Anat Entwickl-gesch 27 : 1-245, 1927.
 
長與又郎: 偉人の脳重量. 医海事報 915, 1912.
 
Nansen F : The structure and combination of the histological elements of the central nervous system. Bergens Museum Aarsberetung, 1885.
 
Nei M : Molecular Population Genetics and Evolution. North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1975.
 
Nei M, Chakraborty R and Fuerst PA : Infinite allele model with varying mutation rate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73 : 4164-4168, 1976.
PubMed
Newport G : On the organs of reproduction, and the development of the Myriapoda. Phil Trans Roy Soc 131 : 99-130, 1841.
 
Nilsson B and Siesjo BK : A method for determining blood flow and oxygen consumption in the rat brain. Acta Physiol Stand 96 : 72-82, 1976.
 
Northcutt RG : Evolution of the telencephalon in non-mammals. Ann Rev Neurosei 4 : 301-350, 1981.
 
Oboussier H : Das Verhalten des Hirnfurchenbildes bei Kreuzungen extremer Rassetypen des Hundes (Whippet ♀ x Bulldogge ♂). Z Mensch Vererb Konstitutionslehre 33 : 1-9, 1955.
 
小川鼎三・細川宏 : 日本人の脳. 金原出版社, 東京, 1953.
 
Ohama T, Kumazaki T, Hori H and Osawa S : Evolution of multicellular animals as deduced from 5S rRNA sequences : a possible early emergence of the Mesozoa. Nucleic Acids Res 12 : 5101-5108, 1984.
PubMed
Olsson R : Structure and development of Reissner's fibre in the caudal end of Amphioxus and some lower vertebrates. Acta Zool 36 : 167-198, 1955.
 
Olsson R and Wingstrand KG : Reissner's fibre and the infundibular organ in Amphioxus. Results obtained with Gomori's chrome alum hematoxylin. Univ I Bergen, ARBOK 1954, Naturvitenskap rekke Nr 14 : 3-14, 1954.
 
Owsjannikow : Ueber das Zentralnervensystem des Amphioxus. Bull Acad Sc St Petersburg 12 : 287-302, 1868.
 
Pakkenberg H and Voigt J : Brain weight of the Danes. Acta Anat 56 : 297-307, 1964.
 
Parker CH : The sensory reactions of Amphioxus. Proc Amer Acad Arts Sci 43 : 416-455, 1908.
 
Parker GH : The Elementary Nervous System. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1919.
 
Passingham RE : Rate of brain development in mammals including man. Brain Behav Evol 26 : 167-175, 1985.
PubMed
Pavans de Ceccatty M : Le systeme nerveux des eponge calcaires et siliceuses. Ann Sci Nat (Zool) 17 : 203-290, 1955.
 
Pavans de Ceccatty M : Les structures cellulaires de type nerveux chez Hippospongia communis Lmk. Ann Sci Nat (Zool) (12) 1 : 105-112, 1959.
 
Pearl R : Biometrical studies in man. I. Variation and correlation in brain weight. Biometrica 4 : 13-104, 1905.
 
Pfister H : Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis des kindlichen Hirngewichts. Arch Kinderhk 37 : 239-251, 1903.
 
Pilbeam D : The Ascent of Man. Macmillan, New York, 1972.
 
Pirlot P and Stephan H : Encephalization in Chiroptera. Can J Zool 48 : 433-444, 1970.
 
Price DA and Greenberg M : Structure of a molluscan cardioexcitatory neuropeptide. Science 197 : 670-671, 1977.
PubMed
Prouho H : Recherches sur le Dorocidaris papillata et quelques antres echinides de la Mediterranee. Arch Zool Exper Gen 5 : 213-380, 1887.
 
Rabinowicz T : Some aspects of the maturation of the human cerebral cortex. Mod Probl Paediatr 13 : 44-56, 1974.
 
Rakic P : Neurons in rhesus monkey visual cortex : Systematic relation between time of origin and eventual disposition. Science 183 : 425-427, 1974.
PubMed
Rakic P : Limits of neurogenesis in primates. Science 227 : 1054-1056, 1985.
PubMed
Rakic P : Specialization of cerebrocortical areas. Science 241 : 170-176, 1988.
 
Retzius G : uber das Hirngewicht des Schweden. Biol Untersuch Neue Folge 9 : 51-68, 1900.
 
Rhode E : Histologische Untersuchungen fiber das Nervensystem von Amphioxus. Zool Beitr 2 : Hefte 2, 169-211, 1888.
 
Rockel AJ, Hiorns RW and Powell TPS : The basic uniformity in structure of the neocortex. Brain 103 : 221-244, 1980.
 
Romanes GJ : Preliminary observations on the locomotor system of Medusae. Phil Trans Roy Soc 166 : 269-313, 1876.
 
Romanes GJ : Further observations on the locomotor system of Medusae. Phil Trans Roy Soc 167 : 659-752, 1877.
 
Romanes GJ : Concluding observations on the locomotor system of Medusae. Phil Trans Roy Sce 171 : 161-202, 1880.
 
Salensky W : Morphologische Studien an Tunicaten. I. uber das Nervensystem der Larven and Embryonen von Distaplia rnagnilarva. Morphol Jb 20 : 48-74, 1893.
 
Salerno V : On the apical macula of Amphioxas. Atti Soc pelorit Sci fismat nat 11 : 353-359. 1965 (Guthrie 1975から引用).
 
Sarich VM and Cronin JE : Molecular systematics of the primates. In : Molecular Anthoropology. Ed by M Goodman and RE Tashan. Plenum Press, New York, pp 141-170, 1977.
 
Sarrat FIB and Netsky MG : Evolution of the Nervous System. Oxford Univ Press, London-New York, 1981.
 
Sato Y and Masai H : The morphological variation of the horse cerebrum under domestication. Yokohama Med Bull 24 : 95-104, 1973.
 
Satterlie RA : Central control of swimming in the cubomedusan jellyfish Charibdea rastonii. J Comp Physiol 133 : 357-367, 1979.
 
Schafer EA : Observations on the nervous system of Aurelio aurita. Phil Trans Roy Soc 169 : 563-575, 1879.
 
Schmidt CF, Kety SS and Pennes HH : The gaseous metabolism of the brain and the monkey. Amer J Physiol 143 : 33-52, 1945.
 
Schmidt-Nielsen K : Scaling : Why is Animal Size so Important? Cambridge Univ Press, London and New York, 1984.
 
Schwalbe G : Krimische Besprechung von Boule's Werk : " L'homme fossile de la Chapelle-aux-Saints" mit regenen Untersuchungen. Morphol Anthropol 12 : 527-600, 1914.
 
Seeliger O : Die Appendicularien, Copelata. Die Ascidien, Thetyodea, Ascidiacea. In : Bronn's Klassen 3 (Suppl) 1 : 1, 84-154 and 1 : 2, 155-1280, 1893-1911.
 
Shariff GA : Cell counts in the primate cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 98 : 381-400, 1953.
PubMed
Shepherd GM : Neurobiology. Oxford Univ Press. New York, 2. Edit. 1988.
 
Sherrington CS : Sir Edward Sharpey Schafer and his contributions to neurology (Scharpey-Schafer Memorial Lecture). Edinb Med J 42 : 393-406, 1935.
 
島田吉三郎 : 日本人の脳髄. 人類学, 先史学講座第7巻, 雄山閣, 東京, 1939.
 
Sidman RL and Rakic P : Development of the human central nervous system. In : Histology and Histopathology of the Nervous System. Ed by W Haymaker and RD Adams. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois. pp 3-145, 1982.
 
Silen L : On the nervous system of Glosobalamus marginatus Meek (Enteropneusta). Acta Zool, Stockh 31 : 149-175, 1950.
 
Simeone A, Acampora D, Gulisano M, Stornaiuolo A and Bonicinelli E : Nested expression domains of four homeobox genes in developing rostral brain. Nature 358 : 687-690, 1992.
 
Simons EL : Primate Evolution. Macmillan, New York, 1972.
 
Siwe SA : Einige Kurven zur Beleuchtung des Wachstums des zentralen Nervensystems his zum Alter von 5 Jahren. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch 92 : 796-801, 1930.
 
Sloper JJ, Hiorns RW and Powell TPS : A qualitative and quantitative electron microscopic study of the neurons in the primate motor and somatic sensory cortices. Phil Trans Roy Soc London, Ser B 285 : 141-171, 1979.
 
Smart IHM : Gyros formation in the cerebral cortex of the ferret. II. Description of the internal histological changes. J Anat 147 : 27-43, 1986.
 
Smith FH : Fossil hominids from the Upper Pleistocene of central Europe and the origin of modern Europeans. In : The Origin of Modern Humans. Ed by FH Smith and F Spence. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 137-209, 1984.
 
Smith H : Dental development in Australopithecus and early Home. Nature 323 : 327-330, 1986.
 
Smith JE : On the nervous system of the starfish Marthasterias glacialis (L.). Phil Trans Roy Soc, Ser B 227 : 111-173, 1937.
 
Smith JE : The role of the nervous system in some activities of starfishes. Biol Rev 20 : 29-43, 1945.
 
Smith JE : The mechanics and innervation of the starfish tube foot-ampulta system. Phil Trans Roy Soc, Ser B 232 : 279-310, 1946.
 
Smith JE : The activities of the tube feet of Asterias rubens L. I. The mechanics of movement and of posture. Quart J Micr Sci 88 : 1-14, 1947.
 
Smith JE : The motor nervous system of the starfish, Astropecten irregularis (Pennant), with special reference to the innervation of the tube feet and ampullae. Phil Trans Roy Soc, Ser B 243 : 521-558, 1950.
 
Smith JE : Some observations on the nervous mechanisms undelying the behaviour of starfishes. Symp Soc Exper Biol 4 : 196-220, 1950.
 
Snell O : Die Abhangigkeit des Hirngewichts von dem Korpergewicht and den geistigen Fahigkeiten. Arch Psychiatr (Berlin) 23 : 436-446, 1891.
 
Spann W and Dustmann HO : Das menschliche Hirngewicht and Seine Abhangigkeit von Lebensalter, Korperlange, Todesursache and Beruf. Dtsch Z Gerichtl Med 566 : 299-317, 1965.
 
Spencer AN : Neurobiology of Polyorchis. I. Function of effector systems. J Neurobiol 9 : 143-201, 1978.
PubMed
Spencer AN : Neurobiology of Polyorchis. II. Structure of effector systems. J Neurobiol 10 : 95-117, 1979.
PubMed
Spencer AN : The physiology of a coelenterate neuromuscular synapse. J Comp Physiol 148 : 353-363, 1982.
 
Spencer AN : Electrical and chemical synaptic transmission in the Cnidaria. In : Evolution of the First Nervous Systems. Ed by PAY Anderson. Plenum Press, New York, 1990.
 
Spencer AN and Arkett SA : Radial symmetry and the organization of central neurones in a hydrozoan jellyfish. J Exper Biel 110 : 69-80, 1984.
 
Spencer AN and Satterlie RA : Electrical and dye coupling in an identified group of neurons in a coelentelate. J Neurobiol 11 : 13-19, 1980.
 
Spengel JW : Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Enteropneusten. I. Ptychodera flava Eschsch. Zool Jb (Anat) 18 : 271-326, 1903.
 
Starck D and Kummer B : Zur Ontogenese des Schimpanzenschadels. Anthrop Anz 25 : 204-215, 1962.
 
Stebbins GL : Dawin to DNA, Molecules to Humanity. Freeman, New York, 1982.
 
Stendell W : Zur Histologie des Ruckenmarkes von Amphioxus. Anat Anz 46 : 258-267, 1914.
 
Stephan H : Evolution of primate brains. A comparative anatomical investigation. In : The Functional and Evolutionary Biology of Primates. Ed by R Tuttle. Aldine, Chicago, pp 155-174, 1972.
 
Stephan H and Andy OJ : The allocortex in primates. In : The Primate Brain. Ed by CR Noback and W Montagna. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, pp 109-135, 1970.
 
Stephan H, Bauchot R and Andy OJ : Data on the size of the brain and various brain parts in insectivores and primates. In : The Primate Brain, Ed by CR Noback and W Montagna. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, pp 289-297, 1970.
 
Stephan H, Frahm HD and Baron G : New and revised data on volumes of brain structures in insectivores and primates. Folia Primatol 35 : 1-29, 1981.
 
Stephan H, Frahm HD and Baron G : Comparison of brain structure volumes in insectivora and primates. VII. Amygdaloid components. J Hirnforsch 28 : 571-584, 1987.
PubMed
鈴木文太郎 : 本邦人の脳重について. 東京医会誌 6 : 518-521, 1892.
 
田口和美 : 日本人の脳重量について. 第1回日本医会誌 73, 1902.
 
Takahashi K and Suzuki 1 : On the brain weight of recent Japanese. Sapporo Med J 20 : 179-184, 1961.
 
Terry RD, DeTeresa R and Hansen LA : Neocortical cell counts in normal human adult aging. Ann Neurol 21 : 530-539, 1987.
 
Teuscher R : Beitr9ge zur Anatomic der Echinodermen. 2. Naturwiss 10 : 243-280, 1876.
 
Tobias PV : The Brain in Hominid Evolution. Columbia University Press, New York, 1971.
 
Tobias PV : Brain evolution in the Hominoidea. Primate Functional Morphology and Evolution. Ed by RH Tuttle. Mouton, The Hague, pp353-392, 1975.
 
Tobias PV : Long or short hominid phylogenier? Paleontological and molecular evidences. In : The Role of Natural Selection in Human Evolution. North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 89-118, 1975.
PubMed
Tobias PV : L'evolution du cerveau humain. La Recherche 109 : 282-292, 1980.
 
Tobias PV : The emergence of man in Africa and beyond. Phil Trans Roy Soc, London, Set B 292 : 43-56, 1981.
 
Tobias PV : Recent advances in the evolution of the hominids with special reference to brain and speech. In : Recent Advances in the Evolution of Primates. Ed by C Chagas. Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarum Scripta Varia 56 : pp 85-140, 1983.
 
Tobias PV : The Revolution in Human Evolution. Dudley Wright Colloquia, Geneva, 1986.
 
Tobias PV : The brain of Homo habilis : a new level of organization in cerebral evolution. JH um Evol 16 : 741-761, 1987.
 
Tomlinson BE, Blessed G and Roth M : Observations on the brains of demented old people. J Neurol Sci 7 : 205-212, 1968.
 
Trinkhaus E and Howells WW : The Neanderthals. Sci Amer 241 : 95-105, 1979.
 
Trinkhaus E : The Shanidar Neanderthals. Academic Press, New York, 1983.
 
Trinkhaus E : Western Asia. In : The Origins of Humans. Ed by FH Smith and F Spencer. Alan R Liss, New York, 1984.
 
Tuzet O et Pavans de Ceccatty M : Les cellules nerveuses de Grantia compressa pennigera Haeckel (eponge calcaire heterocoele). Compt Rend Acad Sci Paris 235 : 1541-1543, 1952.
 
van Beneden E et Jolin C : Le systeme nerveux central des ascidies adultes et ses rapports avec celui des larves urodeles. Arch Bird, Paris 5 : 317-367, 1884.
 
van Beneden E et Julin C : Recherches sur le developpement postembyonnaire d'une phallusie (Phallusia scabroides nov. sp.). Arch Biol, Paris 5 : 611-638, 1884.
 
van Wijhe JW : On the metamorphosis of Amphioxus lanceolatus. Verb Kon Med Akad Wet ensch Amsterdam 16 : 574-583, 1913.
 
van Wijhe JW : Studien uber Amphioxus. I. Mund and Darmkanal wahrend der Metamorphose. Verh kon Akad Wetensch Amsterdam, Tweede Sectie 18 : 3, 1914 (CU Ariens Kappers, GC Huber and EC Crosby : The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System. Hafner, New York, Vol 1. Chapter II, pp 136-295, 1960から引用).
 
von Bonin G : Brain-weight and body-weight in mammals. J Gen Psychol 16 : 379-389, 1937.
 
von Bonin G : Studies of the size of the cells in the cerebral cortex. III. The striate area of man, orang and cebus. J Comp Neurol 70 : 395-412, 1939.
 
Weber C : Smooth muscle fibers of Podocoryne carnea (Hydrozoa) demonstrated by a specific monoclonal antibody and their association with neurons showing FMRF-amide-like immunoreactivity. Cell Tissue Res 255 : 275-282, 1989.
 
Westfall JA : Ultrastructural evidence for a granule-containing sensory-motor-interneuron in Hydra littoralis. J Ultrastruct Res 42 : 268-282, 1973.
PubMed
Westfall JA : Ultrastructural evidence for neuromuscular systems in coelenterates. Amer Zool 13 : 237-246, 1973.
 
Westfall JA : Ultrastructure of invertebrate synapses. In : Nervous Systems in Invertebrates. Ed by MA Ali. Plenum Press, New York, pp 3-28, 1987.
 
Westfall JA and Kinnamon JC : A second sensory-motor-interneuron with neuro-secretory granules in Hydra. J Neurocytol 7 : 365-379, 1978.
 
Westfall JA and Kinnamon 1C : Perioral synaptic connections and their possible role in feeding behavior of Hydra. Tissue Cell 16 : 355-365, 1984.
 
Westfall JA, Kinnamon JC and Sims DE : Neuro-epitheliomuscular cell and neuro-neuronal gap junctions in Hydra. J Neurocytol 9 : 725-732, 1980.
PubMed
Whittaker RH : New concepts of kingdoms of organisms. Science 163 : 150-160, 1969.
PubMed
Wolff M : Bemerkungen zur Morphologie und zur Genese des Amphioxus-Ruckenmark. Biol Zentralbl 27 : 186, 196, und 233, 1907.
 
Yakovlev PI : The development of the nuclei of the dorsal thalamus and of the cerebral cortex. Morphogenetic and tectogenetic correlation. In : Modern Neurology. Ed by S Locke. Little Brown, Boston, pp 15-53, 1967.
 
Yakovlev PI and Lecours AR : The myelogenetic cycles of regional maturation of the brain. In : Regional Development of the Brain in Early Life. Ed by A Minkowsky. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 3-70, 1967.
 
Yaross MS and Bode HR : Regulation of interstitial cell differentiation in Hydra attenuata. III. Effects of I -cell and nerve cell densities. J Cell Sci 34 : 1-26, 1978.
PubMed
Yunis JJ and Prakash O : The origin of man. A chromosomal pictorial legacy. Science 215 : 1525-1530, 1982.
 
Ziles K, Armstrong E, Schlaug G and Schleicher A : Quantitative cytoarchitectonics of the posterior cingulate cortex in primates. J Comp Neurol 253 : 514-524, 1986.
 

書評

最近チェックした商品履歴

Loading...