臨床精神医学講座(全24巻) 第2巻 精神分裂病 I

電子書籍
章別単位で購入
ブラウザ、アプリ閲覧

33,000 円(税込)

購入する

商品紹介

主に治療、臨床経過、類縁疾患等を収載した第3巻〈精神分裂病II〉と対をなす本巻では、概念、分類疫学、成因、病態、病理、症状、診断等について詳述しています。精神科領域の最重要テーマである精神分裂病に関する最も詳しく、新しい基準書です。

目次

  • 表紙
  • 本巻の執筆者
  • 目次
  • 精神分裂病 概念・歴史・分類・疫学
  • I. 概念と定義
  • 1. 「精神病」概念とその分類
  • 2. 精神分裂病概念の方法論の系譜
  • a. 質的異常症状による規定
  • b. 症状構造論による規定
  • c. 形成的・生物学的諸要件による規定
  • 3. 分裂病についての理論構成, 仮説と検証
  • a. 臨床研究と疾患研究
  • b. 症状論の生物学的領域への展開
  • c. 神経発達障害論あるいは多因子・多段階発症論
  • 4. 遺伝と病態生理に関する病因概念
  • 5. 治療論による疾患概念の変遷
  • II. 医学史にみる精神分裂病
  • 1. 古典の時代
  • 2. 古代から中世へ, そして精神医学の曙
  • a. ヨーロッパ
  • b. 日本
  • 3. 19世紀と精神医学の発展
  • a. 精神病性痴呆化への注目
  • b. 日本におけるヨーロッパ医学の受容
  • 4. Kraepelinの早発性痴呆
  • 5. Bleulerの精神分裂病
  • III. 精神分裂病の分類
  • 1. ICD-10における分類
  • 2. DSM-IVにおける分類
  • 3. Kraepelinの分類
  • 4. Bleulerの分類
  • 5. Eyの分類
  • 6. 特別な類型あるいは近縁な類型
  • IV. 疫学変数と相対危険度, および比較文化研究
  • 1. 疫学的指標と疫学的変数
  • a. 疫学的指標
  • b. 疫学的変数
  • 2. 比較文化研究
  • a. 文化の違いと分裂病
  • b. 異文化接触と分裂病
  • 3. 国際共同研究
  • a. IPSS
  • b. DOSMeD
  • c. disability study
  • 成因
  • I. 遺伝研究
  • 1. 臨床遺伝学的研究
  • a. 家系研究
  • b. 双生児研究
  • c. 養子研究
  • 2. 分裂病の遺伝的異質性について
  • 3. 分子遺伝学的研究
  • a. 連鎖研究
  • b. 関連研究
  • 4. 分裂病に遺伝的表現促進現象の存在する可能性について
  • 5. 遺伝学的研究の今後の戦略について
  • a. 染色体異常を伴う症例の重要性
  • b. 双生児法の新しい展開
  • II. 精神分裂病ハイリスク児研究と病前特徴の研究
  • 1. 分裂病ハイリスク児研究と病前特徴の知見
  • a. Fishによるハイリスク児研究
  • b. デンマークのハイリスク児研究
  • c. イスラエルのハイリスク児研究
  • d. ニューヨークのハイリスク児研究
  • e. フィンランドのハイリスク児研究
  • f. わが国のハイリスク児研究
  • g. その他のハイリスク児研究
  • 2. 将来の罹病と関連する分裂病ハイリスク児の特徴
  • a. 行動面の特徴
  • b. 心理機能・精神生理機能の特徴
  • c. 環境要因の関与
  • d. 胎生期・出生時の要因
  • III. 心理社会ストレスと脆弱性仮説
  • 1. 成因研究のための分裂病概念
  • a. 分裂病における脆弱性概念の歴史
  • b. Zubinの脆弱性仮説
  • c. Ciompiの長期展開モデル
  • 2. 心理社会ストレスと脆弱性
  • a. 脆弱性と精神病エピソード
  • b. 心理社会ストレス
  • c. 脆弱性の成因論
  • IV. 一般身体疾患にみられる精神分裂病様精神病
  • 1. 用語の問題
  • 2. 一般身体疾患にみられる精神病と意識および認知の障害
  • 3. 一般身体疾患にみられる精神分裂病様精神病
  • 4. てんかんにみられる精神分裂病様精神病
  • 5. 脳炎にみられる緊張病症候群
  • 6. 精神分裂病様精神病と側頭葉-辺縁系障害
  • 病態・病理
  • I. 神経化学
  • 1. ドーパミン伝達系
  • a. ドーパミンD2受容体群
  • b. ドーパミンD1受容体群
  • c. ドーパミントランスポーター
  • 2. 興奮性アミノ酸伝達系
  • a. NMDA受容体
  • b. non-NMDA受容体
  • c. 前シナプス機能
  • 3. GABA伝達系
  • 4. セロトニン伝達系
  • 5. ノルアドレナリン伝達系
  • 6. アセチルコリン伝達系
  • 7. ニューロペプチド系
  • II. 神経生理学
  • 1. Meehlの分裂病発症モデル
  • 2. 障害の構造 : 3つの階層
  • 3. Meehlのモデルと, 障害の3階層との関係
  • 4. 機能障害や生活障害は, 何によって把握されるか?
  • 5. 分裂病の神経生理学および心理学的機能に関する所見
  • a. 機能障害を反映する神経生理学および心理学的機能に関する所見
  • b. 神経 (精神) 生理学的・心理学的所見と分裂病症状の関係
  • 6. 生理学的異常の背景にあるモノアミン系の機能異常
  • 7. 生理学的指標から分裂病患者の脳の作動特性をどのように捉えることができるか
  • III. 精神生理
  • 1. 精神分裂病と認知機能
  • 2. 精神生理学的な指標とその特徴
  • a. 皮膚電位水準, 皮膚電気反射
  • b. 脳波を用いた指標
  • c. 眼球運動
  • 3. 分裂病に共通の特徴は存在するのか
  • 4. 精神生理学的研究の発展
  • a. 精神生理学的指標を用いた分裂病の診断
  • b. 分裂病の素因マーカーを用いた分子遺伝学的研究
  • IV. 神経病理学, 神経解剖と脳画像
  • A. 神経病理
  • 1. 1980年代以前の研究
  • 2. 1980年代以降の研究の特徴
  • a. 辺縁系
  • b. 新皮質
  • c. 基底核, 視床
  • d. その他の部位
  • e. 神経伝達物質
  • 3. 臨床症状と神経病理所見
  • 4. 分裂病の左右差
  • 5. 分裂病の発達障害
  • 6. 分裂病の老年変化
  • 7. 神経病理学的研究の問題点
  • B. 神経解剖と脳画像
  • B-1. 形態画像
  • 1. CT所見
  • a. CT所見の概要
  • b. 臨床的指標との関連
  • c. 産科的合併症
  • d. 分裂病圏障害
  • e. 臨床的有用性
  • 2. MRI
  • a. 分裂病患者のMRI所見の概要
  • b. 脳部位別の変化
  • c. 臨床的指標との関連
  • d. 神経心理学的機能とMRI
  • e. 分裂病圏障害など
  • f. 他の疾患との比較
  • g. 臨床的有用性について
  • 3. MRIの撮像条件について
  • a. 二次元MRIと三次元MRIについて
  • b. 三次元MRIのプロトコールについて
  • B-2. 機能画像
  • 1. 機能画像
  • 2. 脳血流・代謝研究
  • a. 前頭葉
  • b. 側頭辺縁系
  • c. 抗精神病薬の効果
  • 3. 神経伝達機能研究
  • a. ドーパミン神経機能
  • b. ドーパミン受容体
  • c. 抗精神病薬の作用部位
  • V. 神経心理学 ― 作動記憶の障害について
  • 1. 作動記憶とは
  • 2. 分裂病の作動記憶障害仮説
  • 3. 分裂病の作動記憶障害仮説の問題点
  • a. 作動記憶障害を検出する課題の問題
  • b. 表象の障害の問題
  • c. 知覚障害や注意障害の問題
  • 症状
  • I. 病前性格と前駆状態
  • 1. 病前性格
  • a. 概念と定義
  • b. 類型論的研究 ; 到達点と限界
  • c. 病前の認知行動特徴
  • d. 病前適応と予後
  • 2. 前駆状態
  • a. 前駆期の概念
  • b. 前駆期の承認 ; 初期の研究
  • c. 前駆期の定義
  • d. 前駆期の症状
  • e. 前駆状態と分裂病型 (人格) 障害
  • 3. 展望 ; 分裂病発病の契機と認知的成熟
  • II. 初期症状
  • 1. 先行研究の概説
  • 1) Clerambault : 小精神自動症
  • 2) McGhie & Chapman : 初期分裂病における注意と知覚の障害
  • 3) Huberら : 基底症状
  • 4) 中井 : いつわりの静穏期
  • 5) 中安 : 初期分裂病の特異的4主徴
  • 2. 初期分裂病 (中安) の症状一覧
  • 1) 症状一覧
  • 2) 症状出現頻度ならびに症状数の人数分布
  • III. 急性期症状
  • 1. 急性期症状の実際
  • a. 内容的特徴
  • b. 形式的特徴
  • c. 急性期患者を前にした人の印象
  • 2. 急性期の病態
  • a. 基本病態と症状の成り立ち
  • b. 患者にとっての急性期体験の意義・作用
  • 3. 寛解時低迷病相および寛解時高揚病相
  • a. 寛解時低迷病相
  • b. 寛解時高揚病相
  • IV. 慢性期症状
  • 1. 慢性期の同定と心的エネルギー
  • 2. 慢性期の症状
  • a. 自我障害
  • b. 自閉
  • c. 感情の障害
  • d. 意欲の障害
  • e. 両価性
  • f. 思考の障害
  • g. 幻覚
  • h. 妄想
  • i. 時間体験の変容
  • j. 知覚潰乱発作
  • k. 身体的愁訴
  • l. 言語・行動の障害
  • 診断
  • I. 伝統的診断
  • 1. はじめに ― 「診断」の思想について
  • 2. 症状学的診断
  • a. Bleulerの症状学的診断
  • b. Schneiderの「一級症状」による診断
  • c. 中安の「初期分裂病」診断
  • 3. 現象学的直観「診断」
  • a. Rumke, Binswanger, Minkowski, Wyrsch, Muller-Suurの直観「診断」
  • b. Blankenburgの現象学と陰性症状への理解
  • c. 木村の「内的生活史による診断」
  • II. 操作的診断基準
  • 1. 歴史的経緯
  • 2. 操作的診断の意義について
  • 3. ICD-10およびDSM-IVにおける精神分裂病の位置づけ
  • 4. 精神分裂病の診断基準
  • 5. 精神分裂病の病型と経過に関する特定用語
  • 6. 診断が不確実であることを示すいくつかの方法
  • 7. 多軸システム
  • 8. 診断方式の問題と今後の可能性
  • III. 臨床心理学的検査
  • 1. 知能検査
  • 2. 人格検査
  • a. MMPI
  • b. ロールシャッハ・テスト
  • IV. 生物学的マーカーの利用可能性
  • 1. 診断における生物学的マーカーの利用の意義
  • 2. 精神生理学的指標
  • a. 事象関連電位
  • b. 皮膚電気活動
  • 3. 眼球運動指標
  • a. 追跡眼球運動
  • b. 探索眼球運動
  • 4. 神経心理学的指標
  • a. 神経心理検査バッテリー
  • b. continuous performance test (CPT)
  • c. span of apprehension test (SOA)
  • d. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)
  • e. より簡便な指標
  • 5. 血中物質濃度
  • a. HVA濃度
  • b. コルチゾール濃度
  • 6. チャレンジ・テスト
  • 7. 脳イメージング
  • 8. 分子遺伝学的指標
  • 9. まとめ
  • a. これまで得られている所見のまとめ
  • b. 生物学的マーカーを利用した診断の今後の方向性
  • c. 生物学的マーカーによる診断は可能となりうるか?
  • d. 患者・家族が求めている生物学的マーカーによる診断
  • 索引
  • 和文索引
  • 欧文索引
  • 奥付

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

精神分裂病 概念・歴史・分類・疫学

P.16 掲載の参考文献
1) Arndt S, Alliger RJ, Andreasen NC:The distinction of positive and negative symptoms. The failure of a two-dimensional model. Br J Psychiatry 158:317-322 (1991)
PubMed
2) Bleuler E:Das autistisch-undisziplinierte Denken in der Medizin und seine Uberwindung. 2te Aufl. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1966)
 
3) Bleuler E (飯田 真, 下坂幸三, 保崎秀夫, 安永 浩 訳) :早発性痴呆または精神分裂病群. 医学書院, 東京(1974)
 
4) Bleuler M:Die schizophrenen Geistesstorungen im Lichte langjahriger Kranken und Familiengeschichten. G. Thieme, Stuttgart (1972)
 
5) Carpenter WT Jr, Buchanan RW, Kirkpatrick B, et al:Strong inference, theory testing, and the neuroanatomy of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:825-831 (1993)
PubMed
6) Ciompi L:Affektlogik (1989) -松本雅彦ほか(訳) :感情論理. 学樹書院, 東京 (1994)
 
7) Crow TJ:The two-syndrome concept. Origins and current status. Schizophr Bull 11:471-486 (1985)
PubMed
8) Ey H (大橋博司ほか訳) :ジャクソンと精神医学. みすず書房, 東京 (1979)
 
9) 福田正人, 丹羽真一:生物学的マーカーの利用可能性. 臨床精神医学講座, 第2巻, 精神分裂病I, pp 441-462, 中山書店, 東京 (1999)
 
10) Golden JM, Simpson JC:Validity;Definitions and applications to psychiatric research. Textbook in Psychiatric Epidemiology, Tsuang, et al (eds) , pp 229-242, Wiley, New York (1995)
 
11) Gottesman II:Schizophrenia Genesis;The Origins of Madness (1991) -内沼幸雄, 南光進一郎 (訳) :分裂病の起源. 日本評論社, 東京 (1992)
 
12) Gruhle HW:Die Schizophrenie. Handbuch der Geisteskrankheiten, von Bumke O (hrsg) , Bd 9, S1-30, Springer, Berlin (1932)
 
13) Harding CM, Zubin J, Strauss JS:Chronicity in schizophrenia;Revisited. Br J Psychiatry 161 (suppl 18) :27-37 (1992)
 
14) 池田友彦:分裂病の精神病理学と臨床. 精神医学の進歩と動向, 大月三郎 (編著) , pp 53-63, 文光堂, 東京 (1992)
 
15) Ishimaru MJ, Toru M:The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. CNS Drugs 7(1) :47-67 (1997)
 
16) Jaspers K:Allgemeine Psychopathologie. 5 Aufl. Springer, Berlin (1948) -内村祐之, 西丸四方, 島崎敏樹ほか(訳) :精神病理学総論. 岩波書店, 東京 (1953)
 
17) Kerr A, McClelland H (eds) :Concepts of Mental Disorder. Gaskell (1991)
 
18) Kolle K:Die endogenen Psychosen, das delphische Orakel der Psychiatrie. Lehmanns, Munchen (1955)
 
19) Kraepelin E:Endogene Verblodungen (Dementia praecox u. Paraphrenie) . Psychiatrie, Bd 3 (1913) -西丸四方, 西丸甫夫 (訳) :精神分裂病. pp 1-2, みすず書房, 東京 (1985)
 
20) Kraepelin E:Die Erscheinungsformen des Irreseins. Zschr Neurol Psychiatr 62:1-29 (1920) -臺 弘 (訳) :精神医学 17:511-528 (1975)
 
21) Kuhn T:The structure of scientific revolution(1970) -中山 茂 (訳) :科学革命の構造. みすず書房, 東京 (1971)
 
22) 功刀 浩, 南光進一郎:精神分裂病の分子遺伝学的研究. 精神医学38:1141-1145 (1996)
 
23) Liddle PF:The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia;A re-examination of the positive-negative dichotomy. Br J Psychiatry 151:145-151 (1987)
PubMed
24) Mender D:The myth of Neuropsychiatry. Plenum Press, New York (1994)
 
25) 丸山真男:文明論の概略を読む1. 岩波新書 325, pp 57-92, 岩波書店, 東京 (1986)
 
26) Meehl PE:Schizotaxia revisited. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:935-944 (1989)
PubMed
27) Meltzer HY, Stahl SM:The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia;a review. Schizophr Bull 2:19-76 (1976)
 
28) 村上 仁:精神分裂病の心理. 精神病理学論集I, pp 2-140, みすず書房, 東京 (1971)
 
29) Murray RM, O'Callaghan E:The congenital and adult-onset psychoses; Kraepelin lost, Kraepelin found. -17) pp 48-65 より引用.
 
30) 中安信夫:精神病理学における「記述」とは何か. 臨床精神病理14:15-31(1993) -中安信夫:初期分裂病/補稿. pp 203-233, 星和書店, 東京(1996) 再録.
 
31) 丹羽真一, 伊藤光宏, 竹内 賢ほか:生理学的指標からみた「精神の障害」. 精神科診断学5:203-220(1994)
 
32) 岡崎祐士:分裂病関連人格障害. 人格障害と生物学, 中沢恒幸, 三好功峰(編) , pp 115-159, 学会出版センター, 東京(1996)
 
33) 岡崎祐士:精神分裂病の神経発達論的成因仮説. 臨床精神医学21:205-218 (1992)
 
34) 小川 隆:操作主義. 新版心理学事典, pp 526-527, 平凡社, 東京(1981)
 
35) Robins LN, Barrett JE (eds) :The Validity of Psychiatric Diagnosis. Raven Press, New York (1989)
 
36) 佐藤光源, 伊藤千裕, 豊田 洋ほか:覚醒剤による遅発性精神病, 疾患概念と成因研究の現状. 精神医学38:796-805(1996)
 
37) Schneider K:Psychiatrische Vorlesungen fur Artzte. G. Thieme, Leipzig (1936) -西丸四方(訳) :臨床精神病理学序説. みすず書房, 東京(1977)
 
38) 島崎敏樹:人格の病. みすず書房, 東京(1976)
 
39) 袖井孝子:家族危機としての精神障害. 福祉と医療, 日本の社会学15, 袖井孝子ほか(編) , pp 215-228, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1997)
 
40) Strauss JS, Carpenter WT Jr, Bartko JJ:An approach to the diagnosis and understanding of schizophrenia. Part III. Speculations on the processes that underlie schizophrenic symptoms and signs. Schizophr Bull No 11:61-75 (1974)
 
41) Strauss JS:The person;key to understanding mental illness;Towards a new dynamic psychiatry, III. Br J Psychiatry 161(suppl 18) :19-26(1992)
 
42) Toyoshima R, Ota T, Aikawa H, et al:Exploratory data analysis to identify subtypes of pathophysiology in schizophrenia;support of the coexisting three-syndrome concept. The Biology of Schizophrenia, Moroji T, Yamamoto K (eds) , pp 25-37, Elsevier, Amsterdam(1994)
 
43) 内村祐之:精神医学の基本問題. pp 91-118, 医学書院, 東京(1972)
 
44) 臺 弘, 土居健郎(編) :精神医学と疾病概念. 東京大学出版会, 東京(1975)
 
45) 臺 弘:精神分裂病問題の歴史と展望. 現代精神医学大系, 第10巻A1, 精神分裂病Ia, pp 3-28, 中山書店, 東京(1981)
 
46) 臺 弘:臨床精神医学の方法論. 精神医学書 上巻, 新福尚武, 島薗安雄(編) , pp 335-345, 金原出版, 東京(1980)
 
47) 臺 弘:履歴現象と機能的切断症状群. 精神医学 21:453-463(1979) -臺弘:分裂病の治療覚書. pp 1-24, 創造出版, 東京(1991) 再録
 
48) 臺 弘:慢性分裂病と障害概念. 臨床精神医学14:737-742(1985) 臺弘:分裂病の治療覚書. pp 160-170, 創造出版, 東京(1991) 再録.
 
49) 臺 弘, 三宅由子:慢性分裂病の機能的亜型分類-反応時間とストレス応答による. 精神医学38:127-133(1996)
 
50) Utena H:Loss of freedom in mental disorders. Annual Psychoanal 24:131-137(1996)
 
51) 臺 弘, 三宅由子:日常臨床のための簡易精神生理テスト-特に精神分裂病について. 精神医学 39:801-808(1997)
 
52) Weinberger DR:Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:660-669(1987) -From chronicity to vulnerability. Psychol Med 13:551-571(1983)
 
53) Wing JK, Cooper LE, Sartorius N:Measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms(1974) -高橋 良, 中根允文(訳) :精神症状の測定と分類. 医学書院, 東京(1981)
 
54) Wyrsch J:Klinik der Schizophrenie. Psychiatrie der Gegenwart, Bd II, Klinische Psychiatrie, S 1-26(1960)
 
55) Zubin J, Steinhauser SR, Condray R:Vulnerability to relapse in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 161 (suppl 18) :13-18(1992)
 
P.33 掲載の参考文献
1) Bleuler E:Dementia praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien. Franz Deutike, Leipzig, Wien (1911) -飯田 真, 下坂幸三, 保崎秀夫, 安永 浩(訳) :早発性痴呆または精神分裂病群. 医学書院, 東京(1974)
 
2) Bleuler M:Die schizophrenen Geistesstbrungen. G. Thieme, Stuttgart (1972)
 
3) Earliest use of the term Dementia Praecox (Historical notes) . Am J Psychiatry 111:470 (1954)
 
4) Hecker E:Die Hebephrenie-Ein Beitrag zur klinischen Psychiatrie. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Phisiol 52:394-429(1871) -渡辺哲夫(訳) :破瓜病. 星和書店, 東京(1978)
 
5) 保崎秀夫:精神分裂病の概念. 金剛出版, 東京(1978)
 
6) 石井 厚:精神医学疾病史. 金剛出版, 東京(1981)
 
7) Kahlbaum KL:Die Katatonie oder das Spannungsirresein, Eine klinische Form psychischer Krankheit. August Hirschwald, Berlin (1874) -渡辺哲夫 (訳) :緊張病. 星和書店, 東京(1979)
 
8) 小林靖彦:日本精神医学小史. 中外医学社, 東京(1986)
 
9) 小林靖彦:精神医学の歴史と現況(日本精神医学の歴史) . 現代精神医学大系, 懸田克躬ほか(編) , 第1巻A 精神医学総論I, pp 125-161, 中山書店, 東京 (1979)
 
10) Kraepelin E:Psychiatrie, Ein Lehrbuch fur Studierende und Arzte, achte Auflage, III, IV, Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig (1913, 1915) -西丸四方, 西丸甫夫(訳) :精神分裂病. みすず書房, 東京(1986)
 
11) Morel BA:Traite des maladies mentales. V. Masson, Paris(1860)
 
12) 西丸四方:精神分裂病の歴史と分類. 精神分裂病, 横井 晋, 佐藤壱三(編) , 医学書院, 東京(1975)
 
13) 小田慶一:西洋医学だけが医学なのか-杉田玄白と"京都の赤ひげ"中神琴渓 (1) -(4) . 日医新報 3471-3474(1990)
 
14) 岡田靖雄:精神障害者の歴史. 講座 差別と人権, 磯村英一ほか(編) , pp 88-119, 雄山閣, 東京(1986)
 
15) 岡田靖雄:わが国の精神医学の曙. 精神医学30:275-282(1988)
 
16) 岡田靖雄:グリージンゲル「精神疾患の病理と治療」. 科学医学資料研究128:6-10 (1984)
 
17) 岡田靖雄, 吉岡真二, 長谷川源助:榊教授, 精神病学講義筆記録(高嶺三吉) . 精神医学 27:1447-1453(1985)
 
18) 岡田靖雄:榊傲先生精神病学開講百年を記念して. 日医新報 3307:59-61 (1987)
 
19) 岡田靖雄:医療今昔物語-学説・診療の変遷(41. うつ病) . 臨床科学 27:642-648 (1991)
 
20) 岡田靖雄, 小峯和茂, 吉岡真二:論文「精神病者私宅監置ノ実況及ビ其統計的観察」の成立事情. 臨床精神医学 13(11) :1457-1469(1984)
 
21) 岡田靖雄:戦前の日本における精神病院・精神科病床の発達. 日医史誌 31:93-107 (1985)
 
22) 岡田靖雄:日本における早発痴呆-「(精神) 分裂病」概念の受容. 日医史誌 421 3-27 (1996)
 
23) 大橋博司:精神医学の源流(ギリシャ・ローマ編) . 金剛出版, 東京(1983)
 
24) 武正建一:精神医学の歴史. 臨床精神医学ハンドブック, 保崎秀夫, 武正建一 (編) , pp 3-11, 金原出版, 東京(1980)
 
25) 武正建一:Esquirolとその痴呆概念. 老年精神医学 3:388-393(1986)
 
26) 臺 弘:精神分裂病問題の歴史と展望. 現代精神医学大系, 懸田克躬ほか(編) , 第10巻A 精神分裂病Ia, pp 3-28, 中山書店, 東京(1981)
 
27) 山田光胤:精神医学の歴史と現況(東洋を中心として) . 現代精神医学大系, 懸田克躬ほか(編) , 第1巻A 精神医学総論I, pp 162-176, 中山書店, 東京(1979)
 
28) Zilboorg G:A History of Medical Psychology. W. W. Norton, New York (1941) 神谷美恵子(訳) :医学的心理学史. みすず書房, 東京(1958)
 
P.46 掲載の参考文献
1) American Psychiatric Association:Quick Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-IV. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC (1994) -高橋三 郎, 大野 裕, 染矢俊幸(訳) :DSM-IV 精神疾患の分類と診断の手引. 医学書院, 東京(1995)
 
2) Bleuler E:Dementia Pracox od. Gruppe der Schizophrenien. Franz Deuticke (1911) -飯田 真, 下坂幸三, 保崎秀夫, 安永 浩(訳) :早発性痴呆または精神分裂病群. 医学書院, 東京(1974)
 
3) Bleuler E:Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie. 14te Auf. neubearbeitet von M, Bleuler. Springer, Berlin (1979)
 
4) Claude H, Morel A, Robin G:Demence precoce, schizomanie et schizophrenie. L'encephale 19(3) :147-162(1924)
 
5) Conrad K:Die beginnende Schizophrenie-Versuch einer Gestaltanalyse des Wahns. Thieme, Stuttgart(1971) -吉永五郎(訳) :精神分裂病-その発動過程. 医学書院, 東京(1973)
 
6) Crow TJ:Molecular pathology of shizophrenia;more than one disease process? Br Med J 280:66-68 (1980)
 
7) Diem O:Die einfache demente Form der Dementia Pracox (Dementia simplex) . Arch Psychiatr 37:117-187(1903)
 
8) Ey H, Bernard P, Brisset CH:Manuel de Psychiatrie, 5ed(1978) -小池 淳 (訳) :精神医学マニュアル. 牧野出版, 東京(1981)
 
9) 藤縄 昭, 笠原 嘉村上 仁:臨床類型. 現代精神医学大系, 懸田克躬ほか(編) , 第10巻A1 精神分裂病Ia, pp 237-282, 中山書店, 東京(1981)
 
10) 藤縄 昭, 北村俊則:JCM 1994年2月版第4草案, 厚生省精神保健医療研究「精神疾患の診断基準の作成に関する研究」班作成.
 
11) Hoch P, Polatin P:Pseudoneurotic forms of Schizophrenia. Psychiatr Q 22:248-276 (1934)
 
12) 保崎秀夫:精神分裂病の概念. 金剛出版, 東京(1978)
 
13) Huber G:Die coenasthetische Schizophrenie. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 25:491-520 (1957)
PubMed
14) Huber G:Schizophrenie und Zyklothymie. Ergebnisse und Probleme. Thieme, Stuttgart (1969) -保崎秀夫ほか(訳) :精神分裂病と躁うつ病. 医学書院, 東京 (1947)
 
15) Kahlbaum KL:Uber Heboidphrenie. Allg Zeitshr Psychiatr 46:461-474 (1890) 浅井昌弘(訳) :類破瓜病. 精神医学16:415-422(1974)
 
16) Kahlbaum KL:Die Katatonie od. das Spannugsirresein. Eine klinische Form psychischer Krankheit. A. Hirschwald, Berlin (1874) 渡辺哲夫(訳) :緊張病. 星和書店, 東京(1979)
 
17) Kasanin JS:The acute schizoaffective psychosis. Am J psychiatry 13:97 (1973)
 
18) Kisker KP:Kernschizophrenie und Egopathie. Nervenarzt 35:286(1964)
PubMed
19) Kleist K:Autohothone Degenerationspsychose. Z Neur 69:1-11(1921)
 
20) 厚生省大臣官房統計情報部編:疾病, 傷害および死因 分類提要, ICD-10 準拠, 第2巻内容例示表. 財団法人厚生統計協会, 東京(1993)
 
21) Kraepelin E:Psychiatrie. Ein Lehrbuch fur Studierende und Arzte, 8 Auf. Verlag von Johan Ambrosius Basth (1913) -西丸四方, 西丸甫夫(訳) :精神分裂病. みすず書房, 東京(1986)
 
22) Langfeld G:Schizophrenie und schizophreniforme Zustande. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkrh 196:574-576(1958)
 
23) Leonhard K:Aufteilung der endogenen Psychosen. Akademie Verlag, Berlin (1957)
 
24) Meduna LJ, McCulloch WS:The modern concept of schizophrenia. Med Clin North Am 29:147-299(1945)
 
25) 奥田三郎:精神分裂病の欠陥像について. 精神経誌64:657-735(1942)
 
26) 中安信夫:初期分裂病. 星和書店, 東京(1970)
 
27) Pauleikhoff B:Die paranoid-hallizinatorische Psychose in 4. Lebensjahrzehnt. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 35:516(1967)
 
28) Pauleikhoff B:Atypische Psychosen. Schizophrenie und Zyklothymie, von Huber G, Kranz H (hrsg) , Georg Thieme, Stuttgart (1969) 保崎秀夫ほか (訳) :精神分裂病と躁うつ病. 医学書院, 東京(1974)
 
29) 新海安彦:Kraepelin E《Die Dementia Praecox》 7 Auf. (1903) -猪瀬 正ほか(編) :精神分裂病. 第1巻, IIc, pp 47～70, 医学書院, 東京(1966)
 
30) Schmideberg M:The borderline patient. American Handbook of Psychiatry, Vol I, pp 398-416(1959)
 
31) Stauder KH:Die todliche Katatonie. Arch Psychiatr 102:614-634(1934)
 
32) 臺 弘:精神分裂病問題の歴史と展望. 現代精神医学大系, 懸田克躬(編) , 第10巻A1 精神分裂病Ia, pp 3～28, 中山書店, 東京(1981)
 
33) World Health Organization:The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders(1992) -融 道男, 中根允文, 小見山実(監訳) :ICD-10 精神および行動の障害-臨床記述と診断ガイドライン. 医学書院, 東京(1993)
 
P.67 掲載の参考文献
1) Allebeck P:Schizophrenia;A life-shortening diseases. Schizophr Bull 15:81-89(1989) -太田保之, 植木 健(訳) :分裂病は短命な疾患である. 精神分裂病研究の進歩1:84-88(1990)
 
2) American Psychiatric Association:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. APA, Washington DC (1994) -高橋三郎, 大野裕, 染矢俊幸(訳) :精神疾患の分類と診断の手引. 医学書院, 東京(1995) .
 
3) Angermeyer MC, Kuehn L:Gender differences in age at onset of schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatr Neurol Sci 237:351-364(1988)
 
4) Babigian HM:Schizophrenia;epidemiology. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry IV, Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ (ed) , pp 643-650, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, London(1985)
 
5) Bebbington PE:Life events in schizophrenia;The WHO collaborative study. Soc Psychiatry 22:179-180(1987)
 
6) Book JA:A genetic and neuropsychiatric investigation of a North-Swedish population. Acta Genet Stat Med 4:1-100(1953)
PubMed
7) Carpenter WT Jr, Strauss JS:The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia;Eleven-year follow-up of the Washington IPSS cohort. J Nerv Ment Dis 179:517-525 (1991)
PubMed
8) Castle D, Wellely S, Der G, et al:The incidence of operationally defined schizophrenia in Camberwell, 1965-84. Br J Psychiatry 159:790-794(1991)
 
9) Cooper B, Morgan HG:Epidemiological Psychiatry. Charles C, Thomas Publ, Springfield(1973) -加藤正明(訳) :疫学精神医学. pp 142, 星和書店, 東京(1981)
 
10) Day R:Life events and schizophrenia;The triggering hypothesis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 64:97-122 (1981)
PubMed
11) Day R, Nielson JA, Korten A, et al:Stressful life events preceding the acute onset of schizophrenia;a cross-national study from the World Health Organization. Cult Med Psychiatry 11:123-205(1987)
 
12) De Jong A, Giel R, Sloff J:Social disability and outcome in schizophrenic patients. Br J Psychiatry 147:631-636(1985)
 
13) Drake RE, Gates C, Whitaker A, et al:Suicide among schizophrenics;a review. Compr Psychiatry 26:90(1985)
PubMed
14) Eaton WW:Epidemiology of schizophrenia. Epidemiol Rev 7:105-126(1985)
PubMed
15) Essen-Moeller E:Individual traits and morbidity in a Swedish rural population. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand Suppl 100:5-160(1956)
 
16) Faris REL, Dunham HW:Mental Disorders in Urban Areas;An Ecological Study of Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses. Univ Chicago Press, Chicago (1939)
 
17) Fremming KH:The expectation of mental infirmity in a sample of the Danish population. Occasional Papers on Eugenics No 7, London(1951) -1) より引用.
 
18) Haefner H, Hass S, Pfeifer-Kurda M, et al:Abnormal seasonality of schizophrenic births;a specific finding? Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurosci 236:333-342(1987)
 
19) Hambrecht M, Riecher-Roessler A, Faetkenheuer B, et al:Higher morbidity risk for schizophrenia in male;Fact or fiction? Compr Psychiatry 35:39-49(1994)
 
20) Hare E:Epidemiology of schizophrenia. Handbook of Psychiatry 3. Psychoses of Uncertain Aetiology, Wing JK, Wing L (ed) , pp 42-48, Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge (1982)
 
21) Harrison G, Owens D, Holton A, et al:A prospective study of severe mental disorder in Afro-Caribbean patients. Psychol Med 18:643-657 (1988)
PubMed
22) 畑田けい子, 岡崎祐士, 中根允文:精神分裂病の発生率研究精神障害の疫学, 大塚俊男(編) , 第24巻, pp 16-22, ライフ・サイエンス, 東京(1997)
 
23) Hawk AB, Carpenter WT Jr, Struss JS:Diagnostic criteria and five-year outcome in schizophrenia;A report from the International Pilot Study of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 32:343-347(1975)
 
24) Helgason T:Epidemiology of mental disorders in Iceland. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 173:1-258 (1964)
 
25) Helzer JE:Schizophrenia;Epidemiology. Psychiatry, Michels R (ed) , chapter 54, Lippincott, Philadelphia(1985)
 
26) Hickling FW, Johnson PR:The incidence of first contact schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 18:471-480(1995)
 
27) Hillard JR, Ramm D, Zung WW:Suicide in a psychiatric emergency room population. Am J Psychiatry 140:459(1983)
 
28) Hirsch S, Cramer P, Bowen J:The triggering hypothesis of role of life events in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 161(suppl 18) :84-87(1992)
 
29) 石澤宗和:精神分裂病のlife event に関する研究;第1報 発症へのlife event の関与. 長崎医会誌58:264-288(1983)
 
30) 井上英二:現在の遺伝精神医学とその問題点-精神分裂病と躁うつ病について. 精神経誌71:1278(1969)
 
31) Jablensky A, Hugler H:Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen psychiatrischer epidemiologischer Surveys fuer geographisch definierte Population in Europa. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 50:215-239(1982)
 
32) Jablensky A, Sartorius N:Is schizophrenia universal? Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 344:65-70 (1988)
PubMed
33) Jablensky A, Sartorius N, Ernberg G, et al:Schizophrenia;manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures. Psychol Med Monogr Suppl 20:1-97 (1992)
PubMed
34) Jablensky A:Schizophrenia. Epidemiol Rev 17:10-20(1995)
 
35) Jablensky A:Schizophrenia;The epidemiological horizon. Schizophrenia, Hirsh SR, Weinberger DR (ed) , pp 206-252, Blackwell Sci, Oxford(1996)
 
36) Kelleher MJ, Copeland JR:Psychiatric diagnosis in Ireland;a videotape study. J Ir Med Assoc 67:87-92(1974)
 
37) 功刀 浩, 南光進一郎:精神分裂病の出生季節性. 精神障害の疫学, 大塚俊男(編) , 第24巻, pp 77-80, ライフ・サイエンス, 東京(1997)
 
38) Leff J:Psychiatry Around the Grobe-A Transcultural View. Royal College of Psychiatrists, London(1988) -森山成彬, 朔 元洋(訳) :地球をめぐる精神医学. 星和書店, 東京(1991)
 
39) Leff J, Sartorius N, Jablensky A, et al:The International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia;five-year follow-up findings. Psychol Med 22:131-145(1992)
 
40) Leon CA:Clinical course and outcome of schizophrenia in Cali, Colombia;A 10-year follow-up study. J Nerv Ment Dis 177:593-606(1989)
PubMed
41) Lewis S:Sex and schizophrenia;Vive la difference. Br J Psychiatry 161:445-450 (1992)
PubMed
42) Marcolin MA:The prognosis of schizophrenia across cultures. Ethn Dis 1:99-104 (1991)
PubMed
43) McGlashan TH:Predictors of shorter-, medium-, and longer-term outcome in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 143:50-55(1986)
PubMed
44) McGlashan TH:A selective review of recent North American long-term follow-up studies of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 14:515-542(1988)
PubMed
45) Morris JN:Uses of Epidemiology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh(1975) -竹本泰一郎(監訳) :臨床疫学-医療・保健場面での使い方. 医歯薬出版, 東京(1982)
 
46) Michitsuji S, Haas S, Ohta Y, et al:Seasonality of birth in schizophrenia and its heterogeneity. Seasonal Effects on Reproduction, Infection and Psychosis, Miura T(ed) , pp 195-204, SPB Academic Publishing, Hague(1987)
 
47) 中根允文, 高橋 良, 富永泰規ほか:長崎市における精神分裂病発生率研究. 精神医学27:771-781(1985)
 
48) 中根允文:精神分裂病の社会心理学的研究. 日精協誌14:66-72(1985)
 
49) 中根允文, 道辻俊一郎:国際共同研究における精神分裂病者の転帰. 精神科 MOOK, 22. 分裂病のリハビリテーション, pp 52-63, 金原出版, 東京(1988)
 
50) 中根允文, 太田保之, 岡崎祐士ほか:初発分裂病者の10年長期転帰に及ぼす社会・心理・生物学的要因. 平成4年度科学研究費補助金 研究成果報告書(1993)
 
51) 中根允文:児童期発症の精神分裂病. 今日の児童精神科治療, 本城秀次(編) , pp 202-214, 金剛出版, 東京(1998)
 
52) Oedegaard O:Emigration and insanity. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand 7(suppl 4) :206 (1932)
 
53) 太田保之, 長岡興樹, 松永文保ほか:下五島における比較文化精神医学的調査. 精神医学18:1271-1278(1976)
 
54) 太田保之, 石沢宗和, 仲間一郎ほか:精神分裂病者の出生季節別分布について. 長崎大神経情報研年報6:39-46(1979)
 
55) 太田保之:精神分裂病者の悪性腫瘍罹患率に関する疫学的研究. 九州神精医28:221-242 (1982)
 
56) Ohta Y, Nakane Y, Mine M, et al:The epidemiological study of physical morbidity in schizophrenics-2. Association between schizophrenia and incidence of tuberculosis. Jpn J Psychiatr Neurol 42:41-47(1988)
 
57) 太田保之, 植木 健, 三根真理子ほか:精神分裂病の死亡に関する疫学的研究; 長崎市の原爆被爆者を対象として. 精神医学33:165-173(1991)
 
58) 岡崎祐士, 辻田高宏, 南 裕二ほか:双生児法による精神分裂病の成因の研究- III. 診断一致率およびMRI脳画像所見. 厚生省精神・神経疾患研究委託費 精神分裂病の発生機序に関する神経科学的研究 平成4年度研究報告書, pp 49-55 (1992)
 
59) Prudo R, Blum HM:Five-year outcome and prognosis in schizophrenia;a report from the London Field Research Centre of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. Br J psychiatry 150:345-354(1987)
 
60) Robins LN, Helzer JE, Weissman MM, et al:Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:949-958(1984)
 
61) Sartorius N, Jablensky A, Shapiro R:Cross-cultural differences in the short-term prognosis of schizophrenic psychoses. Schizophr Bull 4:102-113(1978)
PubMed
62) Sartorius N, Jablensky A, Korten A, et al:Early manifestations and first contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures. Psychol Med 16:909-928 (1986)
PubMed
63) Schubart C, Krumm B, Biehl H, et al:Measurement of social disability in a schizophrenic patient group;Definition, assessment and outcome over 2 years in a cohort of schizophrenic patients of recent onset. Soc Psychiatry 21:1-9 (1986)
 
64) Shapiro N, Sartorius N, Jablensky A, et al:Schizophrenia;An International Follow-up Study (WHO, Geneva) , pp 113-164, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto (1979)
 
65) Stone MH:Exploratory psychotherapy in schizophrenia-spectrum patients; A reevaluation in the light of long-term follow-up of schizophrenic and borderline patients. Bull Menninger Clin 50:287-306(1986)
PubMed
66) 高橋 良:文化と精神分裂病の予後. 社会精神医学5:203-207(1982)
 
67) Torrey EF:Schizophrenia and Civilization. Jason Aronson, New York(1980) -志村正子, 野中浩一(訳) :分裂病と現代文明. 三一書房, 東京(1983)
 
68) Tramer M:The biological significance of the birth month, with special reference to psychosis. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr 24:17-24(1929)
 
69) Tsuang MT:Suicide in schizophrenics, manics, depressives and surgical controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35:153(1978)
PubMed
70) 坪井孝幸:遺伝精神医学. pp 23-77, 金剛出版, 東京(1980)
 
71) Von Zerssen D, Leon CA, Moller HJ, et al:Care strategies for schizophrenic patients in a transcultural comparison. Compr Psychiatry 31:398-408(1990)
 
72) Walsh D, Walsh B:Mental illness in the Republic of Ireland-first admissions. J Ir Med Assoc 63:365-370(1970)
 
73) WHO:Schizophrenia-A Multinational Study-A Summary of the Initial Evaluation Phase of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. pp 136-146 (1975)
 

成因

P.90 掲載の参考文献
1) Antonarakis SE, Blouin JL, Pulver AE, et al:Schizophrenia susceptibility and chromosome 6p24-22. Nature Genet 11:235-236(1995)
 
2) Antonarakis SE, Blouin JL, Curran M, et al:Linkage and sib-pair analysis reveal a potential schizophrenia susceptibility gene on chromosome 13q32. Am J Hum Genet 59:A210(1996)
 
3) Arinami T, Itokawa M, Enguchi H, et al:Association of dopamine D2 receptor molecular variant with schizophrenia. Lancet 343:703-704(1994)
 
4) Arinami T, Itokawa M, Aoki J, et al:Further association study on dopamine D2 receptor variant S311C in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Am J Med Genet 67:133-138(1996)
 
5) Arinami T, Takekoshi K, Itokawa M, et al:Failure to find associations of the CA repeat polymorphism in the first intron and the Gly-63/Glu-63 polymorphism of the neurotrophin-3 gene with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 6:13-15 (1996)
PubMed
6) Arinami T, Gao M, Hamaguchi H, et al:A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the dopamine D2 receptor gene is associated with schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 6:577-582(1997)
PubMed
7) Arranz M, Collier D, Sodhi M, et al:Association between clozapine response and allelic variation in 5-HT2A receptor gene. Lancet 346:281-282(1995)
PubMed
8) Arranz MJ, Collier DA, Munro J, et al:Analysis of a structural polymorphism in the 5-HT2A receptor and clinical response to clozapine. Neurosci Lett 217:177-178 (1996)
PubMed
9) Bassett AS, Mcgillivray BC, Jones BD, et al:Partial trisomy chromosome 5 co-segregating with schizophrenia. Lancet i:799-801(1988)
 
10) Bassett AS, Williams GH:Evidence for anticipation in schizophrenia. Am J Hum Genet 54:864-870(1994)
 
11) Bassett AS, Husted J:Anticipation or ascertainment bias in schizophrenia? Penrose's familial mental illness sample. Am J Hum Genet 60:630-637(1997)
 
12) Bella DD, Catalano M, Cichon S, et al:Association study of a null mutation in the dopamine D4 receptor gene in Italian patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar mood disorder and schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 6:119-121(1996)
 
13) Cao Q, Martinez M, Zhang J, et al:Suggestive evidence for a schizophrenia susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q and a confirmation in an independent series of pedigrees. Genomics 43:1-8(1997)
 
14) Catalano M, Nobile M, Novelli E, et al:Distribution of a novel mutation in the first exon of the human dopamine D4 receptor gene in psychotic patients. Biol Psychiatry 34:459-464(1993)
 
15) Collinge J, DeLisi LE, Boccio A, et al:Evidence for a pseudo-autosomal locus for schizophrenia using the method of affected sibling pairs. Br J Psychiatry 158:624-629 (1991)
PubMed
16) Coon H, Jensen S, Holik J, et al:Genomic scan for genes predisposing to schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 54:59-71(1994)
 
17) Crocq MA, Mant R, Asherson P, et al:Association between schizophrenia and homozygosity at the dopamine D3 receptor gene. J Med Genet 29:858-860 (1992)
 
18) Crow TJ:Sex chromosomes and psychosis. The case for a pseudoautosomal locus. Br J Psychiatry 153:675-683(1988)
 
19) Crow TJ, DeLisi LE, Lofthouse R, et al:An examination of linkage of schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder to the pseudo-autosomal region (Xp22. 3) . Br J Psychiatry 164:159-164(1994)
 
20) DeLisi LE, Devoto M, Lofthouse R, et al:Search for linkage to schizophrenia on the X and Y chromosomes. Am J Med Genet 54:113-121(1994)
 
21) Dib C, Faure S, Fizames C, et al:A comprehensive genetic map of the human genome based on 5, 264 microsatellites. Nature 380:iii-v(1996)
 
22) Farmer AE, McGuffin P, Gottesman II:Twin concordance for DSM-III schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:634-641(1987)
PubMed
23) Gottesman II:Schizophrenia Genesis;The Origines of Madness. Freeman, New York(1991) -内沼幸雄, 南光進一郎(訳) :分裂病の起源. 日本評論社, 東京(1992)
 
24) Griffon N, Crocq MA, Pilon C, et al:Dopamine D3 receptor gene;Organization, transcript variants, and polymorphism associated with schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 67:63-70(1996)
 
25) Gurling H, Kalsi G, Chen AHS, et al:Schizophrenia susceptibility and chromosome 6p24-22. Nature Genet 11:233-234(1995)
 
26) Harrington CR, Roth M, Xuereb JH, et al:Apolipoprotein E type epsilon 4 allele frequency is increased in patients with schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 202:101-104 (1995)
PubMed
27) Hattori M, Nanko S:Association of neurotrophin-3 gene variant with severe forms of schizophrenia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 209:513-518(1995)
PubMed
28) Heston LL:Psychiatric disorders in foster home reared children of schizophrenic mothers. Br J Psychiatry 112:819-825(1966)
 
29) 今村 明, 岡崎祐士, 林田雅希ほか:精神疾患における表現促進と3塩基反復配. 脳と精神の医学7:281-294(1996)
 
30) Inayama Y, Yoneda H, Sakai T, et al:Positive association between a DNA sequence variant in the serotonin 2A receptor gene and schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 67:103-105(1996)
 
31) Inouye E:Personality deviation seen in monozygotic co-twins of the index cases with classical schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 219:90-96(1970)
 
32) Kendler KS, Davis KL:The genetics and biochemistry of paranoid schizophrenia and other paranoid psychoses. Schizophr Bull 7:689-709(1981)
PubMed
33) Kendler KS, Gruenberg AM:An independent analysis of the Danish Adoption Study of schizophrenia. VI. The relationship between psychiatric disorders as defined by DSM-III in the relatives and adoptees. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:555-564 (1984)
PubMed
34) Kendler KS, Gruenberg AM, Tsuang MT:Psychiatric illness infirst-degree relatives of schizophrenic and surgical control patients. A family study using DSM-III criteria. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42:770-779(1985)
 
35) Kety SS, Rosenthal D, Wender PH, et al:The biological and adoptive families of adopted individuals who become schizophrenic;Prevalence of mental illness and other characteristics. The Nature of Schizophrenia;New Approaches to Research and Treatment, Wynne LC, Cromwell RL, Matthysse S(ed) , pp 25-37, Wiley, New York(1978)
 
36) Kety SS, Wender PH, Jacobsen B, et al:Mental illness in the biological and adoptive relatives of schizophrenic adoptees. Replication of the Copenhagen study in the rest of Denmark. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:442-455(1994)
PubMed
37) Kouzmenko A, Hayes WL, Pereira AM, et al:5-HT2A receptor polymorphism and steady state receptor expression in schizophrenia. Lancet 349:1815 (1997)
PubMed
38) Li T, Yang L, Wiese C, et al:No association between alleles or genotypes at the dopamine transporter gene and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 52:17-23 (1993)
 
39) Lin MW, Curtis D, Williams N, et al:Suggestive evidence for linkage of schizophrenia to markers on chromosome 13q14. 1-q32. Psychiatr Genet 5:117-126 (1995)
 
40) Lin MW, Sham P, Hwu HG, et al:Suggestive evidence for linkage of schizophrenia to markers on chromosome 13 in Caucasian but not Oriental populations. Hum Genet 99:417-420(1997)
 
41) Martinoli MG, Trojanowski JQ, Schmidt ML, et al:Association of apolipoprotein e4 allele and neuropathologic findings in patients with dementia. Acta Neuropathol 90:239-243(1995)
 
42) 松本直道, 新川詔夫:臨床から遺伝子へ 染色体異常からのアプローチ. 小児科診療59:1768-1775(1996)
 
43) Maziade M, Raymond V, Cliche D, et al:Linkage results on 11q21-22 in eastern Quebec pedigrees densely affected by schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 60:522-528 (1995)
PubMed
44) McGuffin P, Farmer A, Gottesman II:Is there realy a split in schizophrenia? Br J Psychiatry 164:581-592(1987)
 
45) Meloni R, Laurent C, Campion D, et al:A rare allele of a microsatellite located in the tyrosine hydroxylase gene can be found exclusively in schizophrenic patients in two different ethnic population. CR Acad Sci 318:803-809 (1995)
 
46) 三宅由子:臨床データのまとめかた-研究計画から論文作成まで. 杏林書院, 東京(1992)
 
47) 三木哲郎:臨床から遺伝子へ 連鎖分析(遺伝地図) からのアプローチ. 小児科診療59:1761-1767(1996)
 
48) Moises HW, Yang L, Kristbjarnarson H, et al:An international two-stage genome-wide search for schizophrenia susceptibility genes. Nature Genet 11:321-324 (1995)
PubMed
49) Morris AG, Gaitonde E, McKenna PJ:CAG repeat expansions and schizophrenia;Association with disease in females and with early age-at-onset. Hum Mol Genet 4:1957-1961(1995)
 
50) Mowry BJ, Nancarrow DJ, Lennon DP, et al:Schizophrenia susceptibility and chromosome 6p24-22. Nature Genet 11:233-234(1995)
 
51) Muller N, Loebenfelder A, Lorenz A:Negative association of HLA-DRW6 and schizophrenia. Tagungsbericht 255:180(1990)
 
52) Muller N, Loebenfelder A, Lorenz A, et al:HLA class II antigens in endogenous psychoses. Ann NY Acad Sci 650:322-325(1992)
PubMed
53) Murray RM, Lewis SW, Revely AM:Towards an aetiological classification of schizophrenia. Lancet 1 (8436) :1023-1026(1985)
 
54) 中根允文:双生児法による精神分裂病の成因に関連する遺伝的・非遺伝的形質の総合的研究. 平成6年度科学研究費補助金(一般研究A) 研究成果報告書 (1996)
 
55) Nanko S, Hattori M, Ikeda K, et al:Dopamine D4 receptor polymorphism and schizophrenia. Lancet 341:689-690(1993)
PubMed
56) Nanko S, Hattori M, Kuwata S, et al:Neurotrophin-3 gene polymorphism associated with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 89:390-392(1994)
PubMed
57) Nimgaonkar VL, Ganguli R, Rudert WA, et al:A negative association of schizophrenia with the allele of the HLA DQBI gene among African-Americans. Schizophr Res 8:199-209(1992)
 
58) Nimgaonkar VL, Zhang XR, Caldwell JG, et al:Association study of schizophrenia with dopamine D3 receptor gene polymorphisms;Probable effects of family history of schizophrenia? Am J Med Genet 48:214-217(1993)
 
59) Nimgaonkar VL, Rudert WA, Zhang XR, et al:Further evidence for an association between schizophrenia and the HLA DQBI gene locus. Schizophr Res 18:43-49(1995)
 
60) Nimgaonkar VL, Sanders AR, Ganguli R, et al:Association study of schizophrenia and the dopamine D3 receptor gene locus in two independent samples. Am J Med Genet 67:505-514(1996)
 
61) Nimgaonkar VL, Rudert WA, Zhang X, et al:Negative association of schizophrenia with HLA DQB1*0602;evidence from a second African-American cohort. Schizophr Res 23:81-86(1997)
 
62) O'Donovan MC, Guy C, Chaddok N, et al:Expanded CAG repeats in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Nature Genet 10:380-381(1995)
 
63) 岡崎祐士, 大久保博美, 辻田高宏ほか:双生児法を主とする遺伝医学的方法による精神分裂病の成因の研究. 厚生省精神・神経疾患研究委託費 精神分裂病の発症及び病態生理に関する基礎的臨床的研究, 平成7年度研究報告書, pp 21-25 (1996)
 
64) Onstad S, Skre I, Torgersen S, et al:Twin concordance for DSM-III-R schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 83:395-401 (1991)
PubMed
65) Persico AM, Macciardi F:Genotypic association between dopamine transporter gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 74:53-57(1997)
 
66) Pulver AE, Karayiorgou M, Wolyniec PS, et al:Sequential strategy to identify a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia;Report of potential linkage on chromosome 22q12-q13. 1;Part 1. Am J Med Genet 54:36-43(1994)
PubMed
67) Pulver AE, Lasseter VK, Kasch L, et al:A genome scan targets chromosomes 3p and 8p as potential sites of susceptibility genes. Am J Med Genet 60:252-260 (1995)
PubMed
68) Rosenthal D, Wender PH, Kety SS, et al:Schizophrenics' offspring reared in adoptive homes. The Transmission of Schizophrenia, Rosenthal D, Kety SS (ed) , pp 377-391, Pergamon Press, Oxford(1968)
 
69) Roy MA, Crowe RR:Validity of the familial and sporadic subtypes of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 151:805-814(1995)
 
70) Sanpei K, Takano H, Igarashi S, et al:Identification of the spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 using a direct identification of repeat expansion and cloning technique, DIRECT. Nature Genet 14:277-284(1996)
 
71) Schizophrenia Collaborative Linkage Group(chromosome 22) :A combined analysis of D22S278 marker alleles in affected sib-pairs;support for a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia at 22q12. Am J Med Genet 67:40-45(1996)
 
72) Schizophrenia Linkage Collaborative Group for Chromosome 3, 6 and 8:Additional support for schizophrenia linkage on chromosomes 6 and 8;A multicenter study. Am J Med Genet 67:580-594(1996)
 
73) Schwab SG, Albus M, Hallmayer J, et al:Evaluation of a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia on chromosome 6p by multipoint affected sib-pair linkage analysis. Nature Genet 11:325-327(1995)
 
74) Schwab SG, Eckstein GN, Hallmayer J, et al:Evidence suggestive of a locus on chromosome 5q31 contributing to susceptibility for schizophrenia in German and Israeli families by multipoint affected sib-pair linkage analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2:156-160(1997)
 
75) Shaikh S, Collier DA, Sham P, et al:Analysis of clozapine response and polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) in schizophrenic patients. Am J Med Genet 60:541-545(1995)
PubMed
76) Shaikh S, Collier DA, Sham PC, et al:Allelic association between a Ser-9-Gly polymorphism in the dopamine D3 receptor gene and schizophrenia. Hum Genet 97:714-719(1996)
 
77) Sherrington R, Brynjolfsson J, Petursson H, et al:Localization of a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia chromosome 5. Nature 336:164-167(1988)
 
78) Stober G, Franzek E, Lesch KP, et al:Periodic catatonia;a schizophrenic subtype with major gene effect and anticipation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 245:135-141(1995)
 
79) Straub RE, MacLean CJ, O'Neill FA, et al:A potential vulnerability locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 6p24-22;evidence for genetic heterogeneity. Nature Genet 11:287-293(1995)
 
80) Straub RE, MacLean CJ, O'Neil FA, et al:Support for a possible schizophrenia vulnerability locus in region 5q22-31 in Irish families. Mol Psychiatry 2:148-155 (1997)
 
81) Thibaut F, Ribeyre JM, Dourmap N, et al:Association of DNA polymorphism in the first intron of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene with disturbances of the catecholaminergic system in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 23:259-264(1997)
 
82) Thome J, Kornhuber J, Baumer A, et al:CNTF and endogenous psychoses? Nature Genet 12:123(1996)
PubMed
83) Tsuang MT, Winokur G, Crowe RR:Morbidity risks of schizophrenia and effective disorders among first degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia, mania, depression and surgical conditions. Br J Psychiatry 137:497-504(1980)
 
84) Tsujita T, Niikawa N, Yamashita H, et al:Genomic discordance between monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 155:422-424 (1998)
PubMed
85) 脇坂明美:HLAと疾患. 医科遺伝学, 荻田善一(監) , pp 186-195, 南江堂, 東京(1991)
 
86) Wang S, Sun C, Walczak CA, et al:Evidence for a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 6pter-p22. Nature Genitics 10:41-46(1995)
 
87) Wei J, Ramchand CN, Hemmins GP, et al:Association of polymorphic VNTR region in the first intron of the human TH gene with disturbances of the catecholamine pathway in schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 5:83-88(1995)
 
88) Wei J, Xu HM, Ramchand CN, et al:Is the polymorphic microsatellite repeat of the dopamine β-hydroxylase gene associated with biochemical variability of the catecholamine pathway in schizophrenia? Biol Psychiatry 41:762-767(1997)
 
89) Williams J, Spurlock G, McGuflin P, et al:Association between schizophrenia and T102C polymorphism of the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2a-receptor gene. Lancet 347:1294-1296(1996)
 
90) Williams J, McGuffin P, Nothen M, et al:Meta-analysis of association between the 5-HT2a receptor T102C polymorphism and schizophrenia. Lancet 349:1221 (1997)
PubMed
91) Zamani NG, Hert MD, Spaepen M, et al:Study of the possible association of HLA class II, CD4, and CD3 polymorphisms with schizophrenia, Am J Med Genet 54:372-377(1994)
 
P.112 掲載の参考文献
1) Barr CE, Mednick SA, Munk-Jorgensen P, et al:Exposure to influenza epidemics during gestation and adult schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:869-874 (1990)
PubMed
2) Bleuler M:The Schizophrenic Disorders;Longterm patients and family studies. Yale Univ Press, New Haven(1978)
 
3) Cannon TD, Fuhrmann M, Mednick SA, et al:Third ventricle enlargement and reduced electrodermal responsiveness. Psychophysiology 25:153-156 (1988)
PubMed
4) Cannon TD, Mednick SA, Parnas J:Antecedents of predominantly negative-and predominantly positive-symptom schizophrenia in a high-risk population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:622-632(1990)
 
5) Cannon TD, Mednick SA, Parnas J, et al:Developmental brain abnormalities in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers. I. Contributions of genetic and perinatal factors. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:551-564(1993)
 
6) Cannon TD, Medllick SA, Parnas J, et al:Developmental brain abnormalities in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers. II. Structural brain characteristics of schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:955-962 (1994)
 
7) Erlenmeyer-Kimling L, Cornblatt B:The New York high-risk project. Schizophr Bull 13:451-461(1987)
 
8) Erlenmeyer-Kimling L, Squires-Whleeler E, Adamo UH, et al:The New York high-risk project;psychoses and cluster a personality disorders in offspring of schizophrenic parents at 23 years of follow-up. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:857-865 (1995)
 
9) Erlenmeyer-Kimling L, Adamo UH, Rock D, et al:The New York high-risk project;prevalence and comorbidity of axis I disorders in offspring of schizophrenic parents at 25-year follow-up. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:1096-1102 (1997)
PubMed
10) Fish B:Involvement of the central nervous system in infants with schizophrenia. Arch Neurol 2:115-121(1960)
 
11) Fish B:Infant predictors of the longitudinal course of schizophrenic development. Schizophr Bull 13:395-409(1987)
 
12) Goldstein MJ:The UCLA high-risk project. Schizophr Bull 13:506-514 (1987)
 
13) Green MF, Satz P, Christenson C:Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia patients, bipolar patients, and their siblings. Schizophr Bull 20:433-440 (1994)
PubMed
14) 原田誠一, 岡崎祐士, 増井寛治ほか:精神分裂病患者の病前行動特徴-通知表における患者と同胞の行動評価の比較. 精神医学29:705-715(1987)
 
15) 原田誠一, 岡崎祐士:精神分裂病の予防の現状と課題-分裂病ハイリスク児を対象とする臨床経験から. 最新精神医学3:47-53(1998)
 
16) Hollister JM, Mednick SA, Brennan P, et al:Impaired autonomic nervous system habituation in those at genetic risk for schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:552-558(1994)
 
17) Hollister JM, Laing P, Mednick SA:Rhesus incompatibility as a risk factor for schizophrenia in male adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53:19-24(1996)
 
18) Ingraham LJ, Kugelmass S, Frenkel E, et al:Twenty-five-year follow-up of the Israeli high-risk study;current and lifetime psychopathology. Schizophr Bull 21:183-192(1995)
 
19) Jones P, Rodgers B, Murray R, et al:Child developmental risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort. Lancet 344:1398-1402 (1994)
PubMed
20) Kendler KS, Eaves LJ:Models for the joint effect of genotype and environment on liability to psychiatric illness. Am J Psychiatry 143:279-289(1986)
 
21) Kugelmass S, Faber N, Ingraham LJ, et al:Reanalysis of SCOR and anxiety measures in the Israeli high-risk study. Schizophr Bull 21:205-217(1995)
PubMed
22) Machon RA, Mednick SA, Schulsinger F, et al:Seasonality, birth complications and schizophrenia in a high-risk sample. Br J Psychiatry 151:122-124 (1987)
 
23) Marcus J, Hans SL, Nagler S, et al:Review of the NIMH Israeli kibbutz-city study and the Jerusalem infant development study. Schizophr Bull 13:425-438 (1987)
PubMed
24) Marcus J, Hans SL, Auerbach JG, et al:Children at risk for schizophrenia; the Jerusalem infant development study. II. Neurobehavioral deficits at school age. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:797-809(1993)
 
25) McNeil TF, Harty B, Blennow G, et al:Neuromotor deviation in offspring of psychotic mothers;a selective development deficiency in two groups of children at heightened psychiatric risk? J Psychiatr Res 27:39-54(1993)
 
26) Mednick SA, Schulsinger F:Some pre-morbid characteristics related to breakdown in children with schizophrenic mothers. The Transmission of Schizophrenia, Rosenthal D, Ketty SS (ed) , pp 267-291, Pergamon Press, Oxford (1968)
 
27) Mednick SA:Breakdown in individuals at high risk for schizophrenia; possible predispositional perinatal factors. Mental Hygiene 54:50-63(1970)
 
28) Mednick SA, Parnas J, Schulsinger F:The Copenhagen high-risk project, 1962-1986. Schizophr Bull 13:485-495(1987)
 
29) Mednick SA, Machon RA, Huttunen MO, et al:Adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to an influenza epidemic. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:189-192 (1988)
 
30) Meehl PE:Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia. Am J Psychol 17:827-838 (1962)
 
31) Mirsky AF, Silberman EK, Latz A, et al:Adult outcomes of high-risk children;differential effects of town and kibbutz rearing. Schizophr Bull 11:150-154 (1985)
PubMed
32) Mirsky AF, Kugelmass S, Ingraham LJ, et al:Overview and summary; twenty-five-year follow-up of high-risk children. Schizophr Bull 21:227-239 (1995)
 
33) Nagler S:Overall design and methodology of the Israeli high-risk study. Schizophr Bull 11:31-37(1985)
PubMed
34) Nagler S, Mirsky AF:Introduction;the Israeli high-risk study. Schizophr Bull 11:19-29(1985)
 
35) 大橋秀夫, 山田 康, 町山幸輝:精神分裂病の病前性格臨床精神医学5:15-24 (1976)
 
36) 岡崎祐士, 小野瑠美子, 西平美智子:精神分裂病のhigh-risk researchへのITPA使用の試み. 心理測定ジャーナル15:13-16(1979)
 
37) 岡崎祐士:精神分裂病の高危険者研究の動向. 現代精神医学大系年刊版 '89-A, 懸田克躬ほか(編) , pp 273-320, 中山書店, 東京(1990)
 
38) 岡崎祐士:精神分裂病の神経発達論的成因仮説. 臨床精神医学21:206-218 (1992)
 
39) 岡崎祐士:精神分裂病の発症予防-高危険者研究から. 精神科治療学10:361-369 (1995)
 
40) 岡崎祐士, 原田誠一, 福田正人ほか:分裂病患者を片親にもつ子どもの15年転帰. 厚生省精神・神経疾患研究委託費「精神分裂病の病態解析に関する臨床的研究」(主任研究者 内村英幸) 平成6年度研究報告書(1995)
 
41) 岡崎祐士:精神分裂病ハイリスク児. 精神医学39:346-362(1997)
 
42) 岡崎祐士:精神分裂病の高危険児研究の概観と発症予防の実践への示唆. 日社精医誌5:228-237(1997)
 
43) 岡崎祐士:ハイリスク研究と双生児研究の示唆. 精神科治療学12:609-616 (1997)
 
44) Parnas J, Cannon TD, Jacobson B, et al:Lifetime DSM-III-R diagnostic outcomes in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers. Results from the Copenhagen high-risk study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:707-714(1993)
 
45) Schulsinger F, Parnas J, Petersen ET, et al:Cerebral ventricular size in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers. A preliminary study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:602-606 (1984)
PubMed
46) Squires-Wheeler E, Skodol AE, Adamo UH, et al:Personality features and disorder in the subjects in the New York high-risk project. J Psychiatr Res 27:379-393 (1993)
PubMed
47) 鈴木道雄, 倉知正佳:精神分裂病の神経発達障害仮説の特徴と問題点. 精神科治療学12:503-512(1997)
 
48) 武井教使, 功刀 浩, 南光進一郎:精神分裂病のインフルエンザ病因仮説. 臨床精神医学25:1239-1248(1996)
 
49) Tienari P:Interaction between genetic vulnerability and family environment; the Finnish adoptive family study of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 84:460-465 (1991)
PubMed
50) Tienari P, Wynne LC, Moring J, et al:The Finnish adoptive family study of schizophrenia. Implications for family research. Br J Psychiatry 164(suppl 23) :20-26 (1994)
 
51) Venables PH:Schizotypy and maternal exposure to influenza and to cold temperature;the Mauritius study. J Abnorm Psychol 105:53-60(1996)
 
52) Wahlberg KE, Wynne LC, Oja H, et al:Gene-environment interaction in vulnerability to schizophrenia;findings from the Finnish adoptive family study of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 154:355-362(1997)
 
53) Walker E, Hoppes E, Emory E, et al:Environmental factors related to schizophrenia in psychophysiologically labile high-risk males. J Abnorm Psychol 90:313-320 (1981)
 
P.125 掲載の参考文献
1) American Psychiatric Association:Practical guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 154(suppl) :1-63(1997)
 
2) American Psychiatric Association:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC (1980)
 
3) Antelman SM, Eichler AJ, Black CA, et al:Interchangeability of stress and amphetamine sensitization. Science 199:329-331(1980)
 
4) Bebbington PE, Wilkins S, Jones P, et al:Life events and psychosis;Initial results from the Camberwell Collaborative Psychosis Study. Br J Psychiatry 162:72-79 (1993)
 
5) Bebbington PE, Kuipers L:The predictive utility of expressed emotion in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 24:707-718(1994)
 
6) Bebbington PE, Bowen J, Hirsch SR, et al:Schizophrenia and psychosocial stress. Schizophrenia, Hirsch SR, Weinberger DR(ed) , pp 587-604, Blackwell Science, Oxford (1995)
 
7) Bilder RM, Szeszko PR:Structural neuroimaging and neuropsychological impairments. Schizophrenia;A Neuropsychological Perspective, Pantelis C, Nelson HE, Barnes TRE(ed) , pp 279-298, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1996)
 
8) Bleuler M:The Schizophrenic Disorders;Long-term Patient and Family Studies. Yale Univ Press, New Haven(1978)
 
9) Bogerts B, Lieberman J:Neuropathology in the study of psychiatric disease. International Review of Psychiatry, Costa de Silva JA, Nadelson CC (ed) , pp 515-555, American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC (1993)
 
10) Braff DL, Saccuzzo DP, Geyer MA:Information processing dysfunctions in schizophrenia;Studies of visual backward masking, sensorimotor gating, and habituation. Handbook of Schizophrenia, Vol 5. Neuropsychology, Psychophysiology and Information Processing, Steinhauer SR, Gruzelier JH, Zubin J (ed) , pp 303-334, Elsevier Science Publ, Amsterdam (1991)
 
11) Bremner JD, Scott TM, Delaney RC, et al:Deficits in short-term memory in posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 150:1015-1019(1993)
PubMed
12) Bremner JD, Randall P, Scott TM, et al:MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 152:973-981(1995)
 
13) Brown GW, Birley JL:Crises and life changes and the onset of schizophrenia. J Health Soc Behav 9:203-214(1968)
PubMed
14) Canstatt FC:Die Specielle Pathologie und Therapie. Enke, Erlangen(1841)
 
15) Carlsson A:The current status of the dopamine hypothesis. Psychopharmacology 1:179-186(1988)
 
16) Chen EYH, McKenna PJ:Memory dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia; A Neuropsychological Perspective, Pantelis C, Nelson HE, Barnes TRE (ed) , pp 107-124, John Wiley & Sons, New York(1996)
 
17) Ciompi L:The natural history of schizophrenia in the long-term. Br J Psychiatry 136:413-420 (1980)
 
18) Ciompi L:Wie konnen wir die Schizophrenen besser behandeln? Eine Synthese neuer Krankheits und Therapiekonzepte. Nervenarzt 52:506-515 (1981)
PubMed
19) Ciompi L:The dynamics of complex biological-psychosocial systems;Four fundamental psychobiological mediators in the long-term evolution of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 155 (suppl 5) :15-21(1989)
 
20) Cleghorn JM, Garnett ES, Nahmias C, et al:Increased frontal and reduced parietal glucose metabolism in acute untreated schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 28:119-133 (1989)
PubMed
21) Ebmeier KP, Blackwood DH, Murray C, et al:Single-photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-exametazime in unmedicated schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 33:487-495(1993)
 
22) Engel G:The need for a new medical model;A challenge for biomedicine. Science 196:129-136 (1977)
 
23) Falconer DS:The inheritance of liability to certain disease, estimated from the incidence among relatives. Ann Hum Gen 29:51-76(1965)
 
24) Goldman-Rakic PS:Prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia;The relevance of working memory. Psychopathology and the Brain, Carroll BJ, Barrett JE (ed) , pp 1-21, Raven Press, New York(1991)
 
25) Goldstein MJ:Family factors that antedate the onset of schizophrenia and related disorders;The results of a fifteen year prospective longitudinal study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 71:7-18(1985)
 
26) Goldstein MJ:The UCLA high risk project. Schizophr Bull 13:505-514 (1987)
PubMed
27) Gottesman II, Shields J:Schizophrenia;The Epigenetic Puzzle. Cambridge Univ Press, London(1982) 南光進一郎(訳) :分裂病と遺伝と環境. 東京大学出版会, 東京(1985)
 
28) Griesinger W:Die Pathologie und Therapie der Psychischen Krankheiten. Krabbe, Stuttgart(1845)
 
29) Hammer M, Makiesky-Barrow S, Gutwirth L:Social networks and schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 4:525-545(1978)
 
30) Harding CM, Brooks GW, Ashikaga T, et al:The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness;II. Long-term outcome of subjects who retrospectively met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 144:727-735 (1987)
PubMed
31) Hegerl U, Priebe S, Wildgrube C, et al:Expressed emotion and auditory evoked potentials. Psychiatry 53:108-114 (1990)
PubMed
32) Hogarty GE, Anderson CM, Reiss DJ, et al:Family psychoeducation, social skills training, and maintenance chemotherapy in the aftercare treatment of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:633-644(1986)
 
33) 伊藤順一郎, 大島 厳, 岡田純一ほか:家族の感情表出(EE) と分裂病患者の発との関連. 精神医学36:1023-1031(1994)
 
34) Jones PB, Bebbington PE, Foerster A, et al:Premorbid social underachievement in schizophrenia;Results from the Camberwell Collaborative Psychosis Study. Br J Psychiatry 163:65-71(1993)
 
35) Kane JM:Treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 13:133-156(1987)
 
36) Kavanagh DJ:Recent developments in expressed emotion and schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 160:601-620(1992)
 
37) Kendler KS, Diehl SR:The genetics of schizophrenia;A current, geneticepidemiologic perspective. Schizophr Bull 19:261-285(1993)
 
38) Klosterkotter J, Gross G, Huber G:Das Konzept der Prozessaktivitat bei idiopathischen Psychosen. Nervenarzt 60:740-744(1989)
 
39) Kuipers L, Bebbington PE:Expressed emotion research in schizophrenia; Theoretical and clinical implications. Psychol Med 18:893-910(1988)
 
40) Lam D:Psychological family intervention in schizophrenia;A review of empirical studies. Psychol Med 21:423-441(1991)
 
41) Leff J, Vaughn C:Expressed Emotion in Families. Guilford Press, New York (1985) -三野善央, 牛島定信(訳) :分裂病と家族の感情表出. 金剛出版, 東京 (1991)
 
42) Liddle PF:Brain imaging. Schizophrenia, Hirsch SR, Weinberger DR (ed) , pp 425-439, Blackwell Science, Oxford(1995)
 
43) Lillrank SM, Weinberger DR:Neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia; Implications for a neurodevelopmental model. Schizophrenia;An Integrated View, Alfred Benzon Symposium 38, Fog R, Gerlach J, Hemmingsen R(eds) , pp 207-216, Munksgaard, Copenhagen(1995)
 
44) Malla AK, Cortese L, Shaw TS, et al:Life events and relapse in schizophrenia;A one-year prospective study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 25:221-224 (1990)
PubMed
45) Matsuoka H, Saito H, Ueno T, et al:Altered endogenous negativities of the visual event-related potential in remitted schizophrenia. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 100:18-24(1996)
 
46) 松岡洋夫:生理学的指標による精神分裂病の異種性. 最新精神医学1:51-59 (1997)
 
47) Meyer A:Constructive formation of schizophrenia. Am J psychiatry 1:355-364 (1921/1922)
 
48) Miklowitz DJ, Goldstein MJ, Nuechterlein KH, et al:Family factors and the course of bipolar affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:225-231(1988)
 
49) 永田俊彦, 荒井稔:臨床的観点からの分裂病の脆弱性について. 臨床精神病理 12:177-183 (1991)
 
50) Norman RM, Malla AK:Stressful life events and schizophrenia;I. A review of the research. Br J Psychiatry 162:161-166(1993)
 
51) Nuechterlein KH, Dawson ME:A heuristic vulnerability/stress model of schizophrenic episodes. Schizophr Bull 10:300-312(1984)
 
52) Nuechterlein KH, Dawson ME, Gitlin DM, et al:Developmental processes in schizophrenic disorders;Longitudinal studies of vulnerability and stress. Schizophr Bull 18:387-425(1992)
 
53) Onstad S, Skre I, Torgersen S, et al:Twin concordance for DSM-III-R schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 83:395-401(1991)
 
54) Paulman RG, Devous MD, Gregory RR, et al:Hypofrontality and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia;Dynamic single-photon tomography and neuropsychological assessment of schizophrenic brain function. Biol Psychiatry 27:377-399 (1990)
PubMed
55) 佐藤光源:精神分裂病の再発と症状の慢性化. 精神分裂病研究の源流, 難波益之, 貝谷久宣(編) , pp 319-332, ヘスコ インターナショナル, 東京(1986)
 
56) 佐藤光源:精神分裂病の慢性化について. 続分裂病とはなにか-慢性化の機構, 稲永和豊, 融 道男(編) , pp 228-250, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1987)
 
57) Sato M, Racine RJ, McIntyre DC:Kindling;Basic mechanisms and clinical validity. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 76:459-472(1990)
 
58) Sato M, Numachi Y, Hamamura T:Relapse of paranoid psychotic state in methamphetamine model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 18:115-122(1992)
 
59) 佐藤光源, 沼知陽太郎, 吉田寿美子:生物学的精神医学における分裂病概念につて. 分裂病はどこまでわかったか, 町山幸輝, 樋口輝彦(編) , pp 35-78, 星和店, 東京(1992)
 
60) 佐藤光源, 松岡洋夫:精神分裂病の発症脆弱性. 脳機能の解明;分子から病態ま, 赤池紀扶, 小暮久也(編) , pp 234-244, 創風社, 東京(1994)
 
61) 佐藤光源:覚せい剤の長期使用による遅発性精神病-疾患概念と成因研究の現. 精神医学138:796-806(1996)
 
62) 佐藤光源, 松岡洋夫:ZubinとCiompiの脆弱性概念;有用性と限界. 精神科治療12:487-494(1997)
 
63) Selye H:Evolution of the stress concept. Am Scientist 61:692-699(1973)
 
64) Sturgeon D, Kuipers L, Berkowitz R, et al:Psychophysiological responses of schizophrenic patients to high and low expressed emotion relatives. Br J Psychiatry 138:40-45 (1981)
PubMed
65) Tarrier N:Electrodermal activity, expressed emotion and outcome in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 155(suppl 5) :51-56(1989)
 
66) Tienari P, Sorri A, Naarala M, et al:The Finnish adoptive and family study; Adopted-away offspring of schizophrenic mothers. Psychosocial Intervention in Schizophrenia, Stierlin H, Wynne LC, Wirsching M(ed) , pp 21-34, Springer-Verlag, Berlin(1983)
 
67) Tienari P, Sorri A, Lahti I, et al:Genetic and psychosocial factors in schizophrenia;The Finnish adoptive family study. Schizophr Bull 13:477-484 (1987)
PubMed
68) Utena H:On the relapse-liability;Schizophrenia, amphetamine psychosis and animal model. Biological Mechanisms of Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia-like Psychoses, Mitsuda H, Fukuda T(ed) , pp 285-287, Igaku-shoin, Tokyo (1974)
 
69) Ventura J, Nuechterlein KH, Hardesty Jp, et al:Life events and schizophrenic relapse after medication withdrawal;A prospective study. Br J Psychiatry 161:615-620 (1992)
PubMed
70) Weinberger DR:Schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Schizophrenia, Hirsch SR, Weinberger DR(ed) , pp 293-323, Blackwell Science, Oxford (1995)
 
71) Zubin J, Spring B:Vulnerability;A new view on schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol 86:103-126 (1977)
PubMed
72) Zubin J, Steinhauer S:How to break the logjam in schizophrenia;A look beyond genetics. J Nerv Ment Dis 169:477-492(1981)
 
73) Zubin J:Chronicity versus vulnerability. Handbook of Schizophrenia Vol 3; Nosology, Epidemiology and Genetics, Tsuang MT, Simpson JC(ed) , pp 463-480, Elsevier Science Publ, Amsterdam(1988)
 
74) Zubin J, Steinhauer SR, Condray R:Vulnerability to relapse in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 161(suppl 18) :13-18(1992)
 
P.142 掲載の参考文献
1) Abrams R, Taylor MA:Catatonia. A prospective clinical study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 33(3) :579-581 (1976)
 
2) American Psychiatric Association:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed, APA, Washington DC(1993) -高橋三郎ほか(訳) :DSM-IV精神疾患の分類と診断の手引. 医学書院, 東京(1995)
 
3) Barr WB, Ashtari M, Bilder RM, et al:Brain morphometric comparison of first-episode schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy. Br J Psychiatry 170:515-519 (1997)
PubMed
4) Bonhoeffer K:Die exogenen Reaktionstypen. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 58:58-70 (1917) -中村禎夫(訳) :外因性反応型. 精神医学17(10) :1103-1112 (1975)
 
5) Bogerts B, Meertz S, Schonfelt-Bausch R:Basal ganglia and limbic system pathology in schizophrenia. A morphometric study of brain volume and shrinkage. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42(8) :784-791(1985)
 
6) Bruton CJ:The Neuropathology of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Maudsley Monograph 31. Oxford Univ Press, Oxford(1988)
 
7) Carpenter WT, Strauss JJ, Muleh S:Are there pathognomonic symptoms of schizophrenia? Arch Gen Psychiatry 28(6) 1847-852(1973)
 
8) Chkhenkeli SA, Geladze TS:Forced normalization of the EEG and some mechanisms of psychopathological manifestations in epileptics. Neurosci Behav Physiol 2:113-117(1982)
 
9) Christensen SB:Acute encephalitis. Acta Neurol Scand 93:156-159(1996)
 
10) Cornelius JR, Day NL, Fabrega H, et al:Characterizing organic delusional syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48(8) :749-753(1991)
 
11) Crichton P:First-rank symptoms or first-and-file symptoms? Br J Psychiatry 169:537-540 (1996)
PubMed
12) Crow TJ, Ball J, Bloom SR, et al:Schizophrenia as an anomaly of development of cerebral asymmetry;A postmortem study and a proposal concerning the genetic basis of the disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46(12) :1145-1150(1989)
 
13) Cummings JL:Secondary psychoses, delusions, and schizophrenia. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, pp 163-182, Grune & Stratton, Orlando(1985)
 
14) Cummings JL, Trimble MR:Concise Guide to Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Neurology. APP, Washington DC(1996) -松浦雅人(訳) :精神医学・行動神学コンサイスガイド. メディカル・サイエンス・インターナショナル, 東京(1996)
 
15) Cutting J:Physical illness and psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 136:109-119(1980)
 
16) Cutting J:The phenomenology of acute organic psychosis;comparison with acute schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 151:324-332(1987)
 
17) Damasio AR, Van Hoesen GW:The limbic system and the localization of herpes simplex encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 48(4) :297-301(1985)
 
18) Davison K, Bagley C:Schizophrenia-like psychoses associated with organic disorders of the central nervous system;a review of literature. Current Problems in Neuropsychiatry;Schizophrenia, Epilepsy, The Temporal Lobe. Herrington RN(ed) , Br J Psychiatry Special Publication 4, Headly Brothers, Ashford(1969)
 
19) Diehl LW:Schizophrenic syndromes in epileptics. Psychopathology 22:65-140 (1989)
PubMed
20) Feinstein A, Ron MA:Psychosis associated with demonstrable brain disease. Psychol Med 20:793-803(1990)
 
21) Ferguson FM, Rayport M, Blumer DP, et al:Postoperative psychiatric changes. Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies, 2nd ed, Engel J Jr(ed) , pp 649-688, Raven Press, New York(1993)
 
22) Fink M:Catatonia. Contemporary Behavioural Neurology, Trimble MR, et al(ed) , pp 289-309, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston(1996)
 
23) First M(浅井昌弘ほか訳) :DSM-IV 最終草案について. 精神科診断学4(2) :203-213 (1993)
 
24) Flor-Henry P:Psychosis and temporal lobe epilepsy;a controlled investigation. Epilepsia 10:363-395(1969)
 
25) Frith CR, Done DJ:Towards a neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 153:437-443(1988)
 
26) Glaser GH, Pincus JH:Limbic encephalitis. J Nerv Ment Dis 149(1) :59-67(1969)
 
27) Hillbom E:After effects of brain injuries. Acta Psychiatr Scand 142(suppl) :1-195 (1960)
PubMed
28) 苧阪直行:意識とは何か. 岩波書店, 東京(1996)
 
29) 石塚千秋, 多田幸司, 松浦雅人ほか:緊張病様症状を呈し髄液所見が正常であった脳炎の1症例. 精神医学38(9) :983-985(1996)
 
30) Johnstone E, Macmillan F, Crow TJ:The occurrence of organic disease of aetiological significance in a population of 268 cases of first episode of schizophrenia. Psychol Med 17:371-379(1987)
 
31) Kane JM, Selzer J:Considerations on "organic" exclusion for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 17(1) :69-73(1992)
 
32) 川畑信也, 田中友二, 平本憲孝ほか:神経徴候を欠いた単純ヘルペス脳炎の一例. 臨床精神医学16(3) :349-356(1987)
 
33) Klapper P, Cleator G, Longson M:Mild form of herpes encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 47:1247-1250(1984)
 
34) Krieckhaus EE, Donahoe JW, Morgan MA:Paranoid schizophrenia may be caused by dorpamine hyperactivity of CA1 hippocampus. Biol Psychiatry 31:560-570 (1992)
PubMed
35) 楠原智彦, 庄司紘史, 加地正英ほか:非ヘルペス性急性辺縁系脳炎の存在について. 臨床神経34(11) :1083-1088(1994)
 
36) Lauter H:Die organishen Psychosyndrome. Organische Psychosen, Assal B, et al(ed) , pp 3-56, Springer-Verlag, Berlin(1988)
 
37) Lewis SW:Computed tomography in schizophrenia fifteen years on. Br J Psychiatry 157(suppl 9) :16-24(1990)
 
38) Lewis SW:The secondary schizophrenias. Schizophrenia, Hirsch SR, et al (ed) , pp 324-340, Blackwell, London(1995)
 
39) Liddle PF, Friston KJ, Frith CD, et al:Patterns of cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 160:179-186(1992)
 
40) Malamud N:Psychiatric disorder with intracranial tumors of limbic system. Arch Neurol 17(8) :113-123(1967)
 
41) Marneros A:Schneiderian first rank symptoms in organic psychoses. Psychiatry 1, Pichot P, et al(ed) , pp 699-704, Plenum Press, New York(1985)
 
42) Matsuura M, Senzaki A, Terasaki O, et al:Classification of the clinical course of delusional and/or hallucinatory state in epilepsy. Jpn J Psychiatr Neurol 47(2) :363-365 (1993)
PubMed
43) 松浦雅人, 小島卓也:精神病状態の成因に関する最近の知見について. てんかん学の進歩3, 秋元波留夫ほか(編) , pp 102-111, 岩崎学術出版社, 東京(1996)
 
44) 松浦雅人, 多田幸司, 石塚千秋ほか:ウイルス性脳炎の初期の脳波変化. 精神科治療学12(1) :83-87(1997)
 
45) 松浦雅人, Trimble MR:側頭葉てんかんの手術後に新たに発症する精神病;De Novo精神病. 精神医学39(10) :1024-1033(1997)
 
46) 丸井規博, 福士正彦, 川西健登ほか:分裂病様症状を呈する慢性単純ヘルペス脳炎の1例. 精神医学34(7) :695-702(1992)
 
47) McGuffin P, Farmer AE, Gottesmann II, et al:Twin concordance for operationally defined schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41(6) :541-545(1984)
 
48) McKenna PJ, Kane JM, Parrish K:Psychotic syndromes in epilepsy. Am J Psychiatry 142:895-904(1985)
PubMed
49) Mudler DW, Daly D:Psychiatric symptoms associated with lesions of temporal lobe. JAMA 150(3) :173-176(1952)
 
50) O'Callagham E, Buckley P, Redmond O, et al:Abnormalities of cerebral structure on MRI;Interpretation in relation to the neurodevelopmental hypothesis. J Roy Soc Med 85(4) :227-231(1992)
 
51) Owens DGC, Johnstone EC, Bydder GM, et al:Unsuspected organic disease in chronic schizophrenia demonstrated by computerized tomography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 43:1065-1069(1980)
 
52) Port RL, Seybold KS:Hippocampal synaptic plasticity as a biological substrate underlying episodic psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 37:318-324(1995)
 
53) Roberts GW, Done DJ, Bruton C, et al:A "mock-up" of schizophrenia; Temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia-like psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 28:127-143 (1990)
PubMed
54) Roberts GW:Schizophrenia;A neuropathological perspective. Br J Psychiatry 158:8-17 (1991)
PubMed
55) Slater E, Beard AW, Glithero E:The schizophrenia-like psychoses of epilepsy. Br J Psychiatry 109:95-150(1963)
 
56) So NK, Savard G, Andermann F, et al:Acute postictal psychosis;A stereo EEG study. Epilepsia 31:188-193(1990)
PubMed
57) Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E:Research diagnostic criteria. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35(6) :773-782(1978)
 
58) Spitzer RL, First MB, Williams JBW, et al:Now is the time to retire the term "organic mental disorders". Am J Psychiatry 149(2) :240-244(1992)
 
59) Stevens JR:Psychosis and the temporal lobe. Advances in Neurology 55, Smith D, et al(ed) , pp 79-96, Raven Press, New York(1991)
 
60) Stevens JR:Abnormal reinnervation as a basis for schizophrenia;A hypothesis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49(3) :238-243(1992)
 
61) Suddath RL, Christison GW, Torrey EF, et al:Anatomical abnormalities in the brain of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 322(3) :789-794 (1990)
 
62) Tamminga CA:Neuropsychiatric aspects of schizophrenia. The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Neuropsychiatry, 3rd ed, Yudofsky SC, et al (ed) , pp 855-882, APP, Washington DC(1997)
 
63) Taylor DC:Psychiatric and social issues in measuring the input and outcome of epilepsy surgery. Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies, Engl J Jr(ed) , pp 485-503, Raven Press, New York(1987)
 
64) Taylor MA:Catatonia;a review of a behavioral neurologic syndrome. Neurol Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 3:48-72(1990)
 
65) Trimble MR:First-rank symptoms of Schneider, a new perspective? Br J Psychiatry 156:195-200 (1990)
 
66) Trimble MR:Biological Psychiatry. 2nd ed, Wiley, Chichester(1996)
 
67) Weiberger DR:Schizophrenia and the frontal lobe. Trends Neurosci 11:367-370 (1988)
 
68) Wieck H:Zur klinischen Stellung des Durchgangs Syndrome. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatrie 88:409-419(1961)
 
69) Wieser HG, Hailemariam S, Regard M, et al:Unilateral limbic epileptic status activity;stereo EEG, behavioral, and cognitive data. Epilepsia 26:19-29 (1985)
 
70) Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N:Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. An Instruction Manual for the PSE and Catego Program, Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge(1974) -高橋 良ほか(訳) :精神症状の測と分類. 医学書院, 東京(1981)
 
71) Wolf P:Acute behavioral symptomatology at disappearance of epileptiform EEG abnormality. Paradoxical or "forced" normalization. Advances in Neurology 55, Smith D, et al(ed) , pp 127-142, Raven Press, New York(1991)
PubMed
72) World Health Organization:The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders;Clinical Description and Diagnostic Guidelines, WHO, Geneva(1992) -融 道男ほか(監訳) :ICD-10精神および行動の障害-臨床記述と診断ガイドライン. 医学書院, 東京(1993)
 

病態・病理

P.161 掲載の参考文献
1) Abi-Dargham A, Laruelle M, Aghajanian GK, et al:The role of serotonin in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 9:1-17(1997)
 
2) Accili D, Fishburn CS, Drago J, et al:A targeted mutation of the D3 dopamine receptor gene is associated with hyperactivityr in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:1945-1949(1996)
 
3) Akbarian S, Huntsman MM, Kim JJ, et al:GABA(A) receptor subunit gene expression in human prefrontal cortex:comparison of schizophrenics and controls. Cereb Cortex 5:550-560(1995)
 
4) Akbarian S, Sucher NJ, Bradley D, et al:Selective alterations in gene expression for NMDA receptor subunits in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics. J Neurosci 16:19-30(1996)
 
5) Andree TH, Mikuni M, Yong CY, et al:Differential effects of subchronic treatment with various neuroleptic agents on serotonin2 receptors in rat cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 46:191-197(1986)
 
6) Arinami T, Itokawa M, Enguchi H, et al:Association of dopamine D2 receptor molecular variant with schizophrenia. Lancet 343:703-704(1994)
 
7) Arinami T, Itokawa M, Aoki J, et al:Further association study on dopamine D2 receptor variant S311C in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Am J Med Genet 67:133-138(1996)
 
8) Arnold SE, Lee VM, Gur RE, et al:Abnormal expression of two microtubule associated proteins (MAP2 and MAP5) in specific subfields of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:10850-10854 (1991)
PubMed
9) Arora RC, Meltzer HY:Serotonin2 (5-HT2) receptor binding in frontal cortex of schizophrenic patients. J Neural Transm 85:19-29(1991)
 
10) Arranz M, Collier D, Sodhi M, et al:Association between clozapine response and allelic variation in 5-HT2A receptor gene. Lancet 346:281-282(1995)
PubMed
11) Bachus SE, Hyde TM, Herman MM, et al:Abnormal cholecystokinin mRNA levels in entorhinal cortex of schizophrenics. J Psychiatr Res 31:233-256 (1997)
PubMed
12) Bartha R, Williamson PC, Drost DJ, et al:Measurement of glutamate and glutamine in the medial prefrontal cortex of never-treated schizophrenic patients and healthy controls by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:959-965(1997)
 
13) Benes FM, Vincent SL, Marie A, et al:Up-regulation of GABAA receptor binding on neurons of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenic subjects. Neurosci 75:1021-1031 (1996)
PubMed
14) Benes FM, Wickramasinghe R, Vincent SL, et al:Uncoupling of GABAA and benzodiazepine receptor binding activity in the hippocampal formation of schizophrenic brain. Brain Res 755:121-129(1997)
 
15) Benes FM, Todtenkopf MS, Taylor JB:Differential distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase fibers on small and large neurons in layer II of anterior cingulate cortex of schizophrenic brain. Synapse 25:80-92(1997)
 
16) Bennett JP, Enna SJ, Bylund DB, et al:Neurotransmitter receptor in frontal cortex of schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 36:927-934(1979)
 
17) Bersani G, Grispini A, Marini S, et al:Neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal side effects:clinical perspectives with ritanserin (R55667) , a new selective 5-HT2 receptor blocking agent. Curr Ther Res 40:492-499(1986)
 
18) Breese CR, Freedman R, Leonard SS:Glutamate receptor subtype expression in human postmortem brain tissue from schizophrenics and alcohol abuses. Brain Res 674:82-90(1995)
 
19) Breier A, Malhotra AK, Pinals DA, et al:Association of ketamine-induced psychosis with focal activation of the prefrontal cortex in healthy volunteers. Am J Psychiatry 154:805-811(1997)
 
20) Breier A, Su T-P, Saunders R, et al:Schizophrenia is associated with elevated amphetamine-induced synaptic dopamine concentrations:evidence from a novel positron emission tomography method. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:2569-2574 (1997)
PubMed
21) Bristow LJ, Collinson N, Cook GP, et al:L-745, 870, a subtype selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist, does not exhibit a neuroleptic-like profile in rodent behavioral tests. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 283:1256-1263(1997)
PubMed
22) Carlsson A:On the neuronal circuitries and neurotransmitters involved in the control of locomotor activity. J Neural Transm 40(suppl) :1-12(1993)
 
23) Deakin JFW, Slater P, Simpson MDC, et al:Frontal cortical and left temporal glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia. J Neurochem 52:1781-1786 (1989)
 
24) Deakin JFW, Simpson MDC:A two-process theory of schizophrenia:evidence from studies in post-mortem brain. J Psychiatr Res 31:277-295(1997)
 
25) Delisi LE, Tew W, Hoff AL, et al:A prospective follow-up study of brain morphology and cognition in first episode schizophrenic-preliminary findings. Biol Psychiatry 38:349-360(1996)
 
26) Dolan RJ, Fletcher P, Frith CD, et al:Dopaminergic modulation of impaired cognitive activation in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Nature 378:180-182(1995)
 
27) Duinkerke DJ, Botter PA, Janssen AAI, et al:Ritanserin, a selective 5-HT2/1c antagonist, and negative symptoms in schizophrenia:a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Br J Psychiatry 163:451-455(1993)
 
28) Eastwood SL, McDonald B, Burnet PWJ, et al:Decreased expression of mRNAs encoding non-NMDA glutamate receptors GluR2 in medial temporal lobe neurons in schizophrenia. Mol Brain Res 29:211-223(1995)
 
29) Eastwood SL, Kerwin RW, Harrison PJ:Immunoautoradiographic evidence for a loss of alpha-amono-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate-preferring non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors within the medial temporal lobe in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 41:636-643(1997)
 
30) Farley IJ, Price KS, McCullogh E, et al:Norepinephrine in chronic paranoid schizophrenia:above normal levels in limbic forebrain. Science 200:456-458(1978)
 
31) Flores G, Barbeau D, Quirion R, et al:Decreased binding of dopamine D3 receptors in limbic subregions after neonatal bilateral lesion of rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 16:2020-2026(1996)
 
32) Freedman R, Hall M, Adler LE, et al:Evidence in postmortem brain tissue for decreased numbers of hippocampal nicotinic receptors in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 38:22-33(1995)
 
33) Freedman R, Coon H, Myles-Worsley M, et al:Linkage of a neurophysiological deficit in schizophrenia to a chromosome 15 locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:587-592(1997)
 
34) Gabriel SM, Davidson M, Haroutunian V, et al:Neuropeptide deficits in schizophrenia vs. Alzheimer's disease cerebral cortex. Biol Psychiatry 39:82-91 (1996)
PubMed
35) Gellman RL, Aghajanian GK:Pyramidal cells in piriform cortex receive a convergence of inputs from monoamine activated GABAergic interneurons. Brain Res 600:63-73(1993)
 
36) Gurevich EV, Bordelon Y, Shapiro RM, et al:Mesolimbic dopamine D3 receptors and use of antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:225-232(1997)
 
37) Hanada S, Mita T, Nishino N, et al:[3H] Muscimol binding sites increased in autopsied brains of chronic schizophrenics. Life Sci 40:259-266(1987)
 
38) Harrison PJ, McLaughlin D, Kerwin R:Decreased hippocampal expression of a glutamate receptor gene in schizophrenia. Lancet 337:450-452(1990)
 
39) Hitri A, Casanova MF, Kleinman JE, et al:Age-related changes in [3H]GBR 12935 binding site density in the prefrontal cortex of controls and schizophrenics. Biol Psychiatry 37:175-182(1995)
 
40) Humphries CR, Virgo L, Mortimer A, et al:The expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR-1 is decreased in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 15:60(1995)
 
41) Inayama I, Yoneda H, Sakai T, et al:Positive association between a DNA sequence variant in the serotonin 2A receptor gene and schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 67:103-105(1996)
 
42) Ishimaru M, Kurumaji A, Toru M:Increases in strychnine-insensitive glycine binding sites in cerebral cortex of chronic schizophrenics:evidence for glutamate hypothesis. Biol Psychiatry 35:84-95(1994)
PubMed
43) Itokawa M, Toru M, Ito K, et al:Sequestration of the short and long isoform of dopamine D2 receptors expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. Mol Pharmacol 49:560-566(1996)
 
44) Javitt DC, Zukin SR:Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 148:1301-1308(1991)
PubMed
45) Jentsch JD, Redmond DE Jr, Elsworth JD, et al:Enduring cognitive deficits and cortical dopamine dysfunction in monkeys after long-term administration of phencyclidine. Science 277:953-955(1997)
 
46) Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, et al:Clozapine for the treatment resistant schizophrenic:a double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:789-796(1988)
PubMed
47) Kerwin R, Patel S, Meldrum B:Quantitative autoradiographic analysis of glutamate binding sites in the hippocampal formation in normal and schizophrenic brain post mortem. Neurosci 39:25-32(1990)
 
48) Kitabgi P:Neurotensin modulates dopamine neurotransmission at several level along brain dopaminergic pathway. Neurochem Int 14:111-119(1989)
 
49) Kiuchi Y, Kobayashi T, Takeuchi J, et al:Benzodiazepine receptors increase in post-mortem brain of chronic schizophrenics. Eur Arch Psychiatr Neurol Sci 239:71-78(1989)
 
50) Knable MB, Kleinman JE, Weinberger DR:Neurobiology of schizophrenia. Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB(ed) , pp 479-499, American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC(1995)
 
51) Knable MB, Hyde TM, Murray AM, et al:A postmortem study of frontal cortical dopamine D1 receptors in schizophrenics, psychiatric controls, and normal controls. Biol Psychiatry 40:1191-1199(1996)
 
52) Kramer MS, Last B, Getson A, et al:The effects of a selective D4 dopamine receptor antagonist (L-745, 870) in acutely psychotic inpatients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:567-572(1997)
PubMed
53) Krystal JH, Karper LP, Seibyl JP, et al:Subanesthetic effects of the non-competitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans, psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:199-214 (1994)
 
54) Kurumaji A, Ishimaru M, Toru M:Alpha-[3H]amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionic acid binding to human cerebral cortical membranes:minimal changes in post-mortem brains of chronic schizophrenics. J Neurochem 59:829-837(1992)
 
55) 車地暁生, 融 道男:死後脳の生化学的分析から精神分裂病の異種性を考える. 最新精神医学2:61-70(1997)
 
56) 久住一郎, 岡 五百理, 安田素次ほか:慢性期精神分裂病に対するブロモクリプチン投与の影響臨床精神医学24:1231-1241(1995)
 
57) Lahti RA, Evans DL, Stratman NC, et al:Dopamine D4 versus D2 receptor selectivity of dopamine receptor antagonists:possible therapeutic implications. Eur J Pharmacol 236:483-486(1993)
 
58) Lahti AC, Koffel B, LaPorte D, et al:Subanesthetic doses of ketamine stimulate psychosis in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacol 13:9-19(1995)
 
59) Laruelle M, Abi-Dargham A, Van Dyck CH, et al:Single photon emission computerized tomography imaging of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in drug-free schizophrenic subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:9235-9240(1996)
 
60) Leveresque D, Martres M-P, Diaz J, et al:A paradoxical regulation of the dopamine D3 receptor expression suggests the involvement of an anterograde factor from dopamine neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:1719-1723(1995)
 
61) Lichter JB, Barr CL, Kennedy JL, et al:A hypervariable segment in the human dopamine receptor D4(DRD4) gene. Hum Mol Genet 2:767-773(1993)
 
62) Liu ISC, Seeman P, Sanyal S, et al:Dopamine D4 receptor variant in Africans, D4Valine194Glycine, is insensitive to dopamine and clozapine:report of a homozygous individual. Am J Med Genet 61:277-282(1996)
 
63) Mann JJ, Stanley M, McBride PA, et al:Increased serotonin2 and beta receptor in the frontal cortices of suicide victims. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:954-959(1986)
 
64) Mrzljak L, Bergson C, Pappy M, et al:Localization of dopamine D4, receptors in GABAergic neurons of the primate brain. Nature 381:245-248(1996)
 
65) Mulcrone J, Kerwin RW:No difference in the expression of the D4, gene in post-mortem frontal cortex from controls and schizophrenics. Neurosci Lett 219:163-166(1996)
 
66) Nemeroff CB, Manbery PJ, Widerloev E, et al:Neuropeptides in cerebrospinal fluid and postmortem brain tissue of schizophrenics, Huntington's choreas and normal controls. Psychopharmacol Bull 19:369-374(1983)
 
67) Nishikawa T, Takashima M, Toru M:Increased [3H]kainic acid binding in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 40:245-250(1983)
 
68) Noethen MM, Cichon S, Hemmer S, et al:Human dopamine D4 receptor gene:frequent occurrence of a null allele and observation of homozygosity. Hum Mol Gene 3:2207-2212(1994)
 
69) Okubo Y, Suhara T, Suzuki K, et al:Decreased prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors in schizophrenia revealed by PET. Nature 385:634-636(1997)
 
70) Owen F, Cross AJ, Crow TJ, et al:Increased dopamine-receptor sensitivity in schizophrenia. Lancet 2:223-225(1978)
 
71) Owen RR, Gurierrez-Esteinou R, Hsiao J, et al:Effects of clozapine and fluphenazine treatment on responses to m-chlorophenylpiperazine infusions in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:636-644(1993)
 
72) Pickar D, Roy A, Breier A, et al:Suicide and aggression in schizophrenia:neurobiologic correlates. Ann NY Acad Sci USA 487:189-196(1986)
 
73) Pickar D, Breier A, Hsiao J, et al:Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma monoamine metabolites and their relation to psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:641-648 (1990)
PubMed
74) Reynolds GP:The importance of dopamine D4, receptors in the action and development of antipsychotic agents. Drugs 51:7-11(1996)
PubMed
75) Roberts DA, Balderson D, Pickering-Brown SM, et al:The relative abundance of dopamine D4 receptor mRNA in postmortem brains of schizophrenics and controls. Schizophr Res 20:171-174(1996)
 
76) Roberts E:A hypothesis suggesting that there is a defect in the GABA system in schizophrenia. Neurosci Res Prog Bull 10:468-482(1972)
 
77) Roth BL, Tandra S, Burgess LH, et al:D4 dopamine receptor binding affinity does not distinguish between typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Psychopharmacol 120:365-368(1995)
PubMed
78) Sanfilipo M, Wolkin A, Angrist B, et al:Amphetamine and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacol 123:211-214(1996)
 
79) Schmauss C, Haroutunian V, Davis KL, et al:Selective loss of dopamine D3-type receptor mRNA expression in parietal and motor cortices of patients with chronic schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:8942-8946(1993)
 
80) Schmauss C:Enhanced cleavage of an atypical intron of dopamine D3-receptor pre-mRNA in chronic schizophrenia. J Neurosci 16:7902-7909(1996)
 
81) Schotte A, Janssen PFM, Gommeren W, et al:Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs:in vitro and in vivo receptor binding. Psychopharmacol 124:57-73(1996)
 
82) Seeman P, Guan H-C, Niznik HB:Endogenous dopamine lowers the dopamine D2 receptor density as measured by [3H]raclopride:implications for positron emission tomography of the human brain. Synapse 3:96-97(1989)
 
83) Seeman P, Guan H-C, Van Tol HHM:Dopamine D4 receptors elevated in schizophrenia. Nature 365:441-445(1993)
 
84) Seeman P:Therapeutic receptor-blocking concentrations of neuroleptics. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 10(suppl 3) :5-13(1995)
 
85) Seibyl JP, Krystal JH, Price LH, et al:Effects of ritanserin on the behavioral, neuroendocrine and cardiovascular response to m-chlorophenylpiperazine in healthy human subjects. Psychiatr Res 38:227-236(1991)
 
86) 澁谷治男:精神分裂病における神経ペプチド所見. 精神分裂病-基礎と臨床, 木村 敏, 松下正明, 岸本英爾(編) , pp 287-301, 朝倉書店, 東京(1990)
 
87) Simpson MDC, Slater P, Deakin JFW, et al:Reduced GABA uptake sites in the temporal lobe in schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 107:211-215(1989)
 
88) Simpson MDC, Slater P, Royston MC, et al:Alterations in phencyclidine and sigma binding sites in schizophrenic brains. Schizophr Res 6:41-48(1992)
 
89) Sokoloff P, Martres M-P, Giros B, et al:The third dopamine receptor(D3) as a novel target for antipsychotics. Biochem Pharmacol 43:659-666(1992)
 
90) Stefanis NC, Bresnick JN, Kerwin RW, et al:Elevation of D4 dopamirie receptor mRNA in postmortem schizophrenic brain. Mol Brain Res 53:112-119(1998)
 
91) Suga I, Kobayashi T, Obata T, et al:Increased 3H-MK-801 binding in postmortem brains of chronic schizophrenic patients. The Satellite Symposium of the 17th CINP, New Trends in Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders Researches Abstr:p 28(1990)
 
92) Toru M, Watanabe S, Shibuya H, et al:Neurotransmitters, receptors and neuropeptides in post-mortem brains of chronic schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 78:121-137(1988)
 
93) Tsai G, Passani LA, Slusher BS, et al:Abnormal excitatory neurotransmitter metabolism in schizophrenic brains. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:829-836(1995)
 
94) van Kammen D, Kelley M:Dopamine and norepinephrine activity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 4:173-191(1991)
 
95) Van Tol HHM, Bunzow JR, Guan H-C, et al:Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D4 receptor with high affinity for the antipsychotic clozapine. Nature 350:610-614(1991)
 
96) Verbanck PMP, Lotstra F, Gilles C, et al:Reduced cholecystokinin immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with psychiatric disorders. Life Sci 34:67-72(1983)
 
97) Virgo L, Humphries C, Mortimer A, et al:Cholecystokinin messenger RNA deficit in frontal and temporal cerebral cortex in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 37:694-701(1995)
PubMed
98) Vollenweider FX, Leenders KL, Scharfetter C, et al:Metabolic hyperfrontality and psychopathology in the ketamine model of psychosis using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) . Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 7:9-24(1997)
 
99) Vollenweider FX, Leenders KL, Oye I, et al:Differential psychopathology and patterns of cerebral glucose utilization produced by (S) -and(R) -ketamine in healthy volunteers using positron emission tomography(PET) . Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 7:25-38(1997)
 
100) Watanabe S, Nishikawa T, Takashima M, et al:Increased muscarinic cholinergic receptors in prefrontal cortices of mediated schizophrenics. Life Sci 33:2187-2196(1983)
 
101) Weinberger DR, Berman KF, Illowsky BP:Physiological dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia III:a new cohort and evidence for a monoaminergic mechanism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:609-615(1988)
 
102) Whitaker-Azmitia PM, Borella A, Raio N:Serotonin depletion in the adult rat causes loss of the dendritic marker MAP-2:a new animal model of schizophrenia? Neuropsychopharmacol 12:269-272(1995)
 
103) Widerloev E, Lindstroem LH, Besev G, et al:Subnormal CSF levels of neurotensin in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients:normalization after neuroleptic treatment. Am J Psychiatry 139:1122-1126(1982)
 
104) Williams GV, Goldman-Rakic PS:Modulation of memory fields by dopamine D1 receptors in prefrontal cortex. Nature 376:572-575(1995)
 
105) Williams J, Spurlock G, McGuffin P, et al:Association between schizophrenia and T102C polymorphism of the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2a-receptor gene. Lancet 347:1294-1296(1996)
 
106) Wolf SS, Hyde TM, Saunders RC, et al:Autoradiographic characterization of neurotensin receptors in the entorhinal cortex of schizophrenic patients and control subjects. J Neural Transm 102:55-65(1995)
 
107) Wong DF, Wagner HN Jr, Tune LE, et al:Positron emission tomography reveals elevated D2 dopaminergic receptors in drug-naive schizophrenics. Science 234:1558-1563(1986)
 
P.194 掲載の参考文献
1) Addington J, Addington D, Maticka-Tyndale E:Cognitive functioning and positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 5:123-134 (1991)
PubMed
2) 青山昌彦:精神分裂病患者の視覚認知機能に関する研究. 阪大医誌38:1-13 (1986)
 
3) 安藤克巳:眼球運動. 現代精神医学大系, 第20巻C 神経生理学III, pp 33-48, 中山書店, 東京(1978)
 
4) Asarnow RF:Span of apprehension in schizophrenia. Handbook of Schizophrenia Vol. 5 Neuropsychology, Psychophysiology and Information Processing, Steinhauer SR, Gruzelier JH, Zubin J(ed) , pp 335-370, Elsevier, Amsterdam(1991)
 
5) Berman I, et al:Differential relationships between positive and negative symptoms and neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 25:1-10(1997)
 
6) Bernstein AS, Taylor KW, Starkey P, et al:Bilateral skin conductance, finger pulsevolume, and EEG orienting response to tone of differing intensities in chronic schizophrenics and controls. J Nerv Ment Dis 169:513-528(1981)
 
7) Blackwood DHR, Whalley LJ, Christie JE, et al:Changes in auditory P3 event-related potential in schizophrenia and depression. Br J Psychiatry 150:154-160 (1987)
 
8) Blackwood DHR, Muir WJ, St Clair DM, et al:Genetic trait markers in schizophrenic probands and their unaffected relatives. International Perspectives in Schizophrenia-Biological, Social and Epidemiological Findings, Weller M, Libbey J(ed) , pp 129-138, London(1990)
 
9) Blackwood DHR, Young AH, McQueen JK, et al:Magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia;Altered brain morphology associated with P300 abnormalities and eye tracking dysfunction. Biol Psychiatry 30:753-769 (1991)
 
10) Braff DL:Sensory input deficits and negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 146:1006-1011(1989)
 
11) Braff DL, Huey L:Methylphenidate-induced information processing dysfunction in nonshizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:827-832(1989)
 
12) Braff DL, Heaton R, Kuch J, et al:The generalized pattern of neuropsychological deficits in outpatients with chronic schizophrenia with heterogeneous Wisconsin card sorting test results. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:891-898 (1991)
 
13) Brekke JS, Raine A, Thomson C:Cognitive and psychophysiological correlates of positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms in the schizophrenia spectrum. Psychiatry Res 57:241-250(1995)
 
14) Brekke JS:Cognitive and psychophysiological correlates of positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms in the schizophrenia spectrum. Psychiatry Res 57:241-250(1997)
 
15) Davis PA, Davis H:The electroencephalogram of psychotic patients. Am J Psychiatry 95:1007-1025(1939)
 
16) Duncan CC, Morihisa JM, Fawcett RW, et al:P300 in schizophrenia;state or trait marker? Psychopharmacol Bull 23:497-501(1987)
 
17) Faux SF, Shenton ME, McCarley RW, et al:Preservation of P300 event-related potential topographic asymmetries in schizophrenia with use of either linked-ear or nose reference sites. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 75:378-391 (1990)
PubMed
18) Friedman D, Vaughan HG, Erlenmeyer-Kimling L:Cognition brain potentials in children at risk for schizophrenia;preliminary findings. Schizophr Bull 8:514-531(1982)
 
19) Frith CD, Leary J, Cahill C, et al:Performance on psychological tests; demographic and clinical correlates of the results of these tests. Br J Psychiatry 159(suppl 13) :26-29(1991)
 
20) Frith CD:The Cognitive Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia. Lawrence Earlbaum, Hove(1992)
 
21) 福田正人, 丹羽真一:分裂病における「機能性」病態の脳機構, P300成分減衰の改善可能性を指標として. 臨床脳波 35:445-449(1993)
 
22) Fukuda M, Niwa SI, Hiramatsu KI, et al:Behavioral and P3 amplitude enhancement in schizophrenia following feedback training. Schizophr Res 25:231-242(1997)
 
23) Fuentes I, Garcia Merita M, Miquel M, et al:Relationships between electrodermal activity and symptomatology in schizophrenia. Psychopathology 26:47-52(1993)
 
24) Gaebel W, Ulrich G, Frick K:Visuomotor performance of schizophrenic patients and normal control in a picture viewing task. Biol Psychiatry 22:1227-1237(1987)
 
25) Gaebel W:Visual search, EEG, and psychopathology in schizophrenic patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 239:49-57(1989)
 
26) Gibbs F, Gibbs E:Atlas of Electroencephalography Vol. 3 Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Addison-Wesley, Massachusetts(1964)
 
27) Green M, Walker E:Susceptibility to backward masking in schizophrenic patients with positive and negative symptoms. Am J Psychiatry 141:1273-1275(1984)
 
28) Green M, Walker E:Attentional performance in positive and negative-symptom schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 174:208-213(1986)
 
29) Green MF, Nuechterlein KH, Satz P:The relationship of symptomatology and medication to electrodermal activity in schizophrenia. Psychophysiology 26:148-157(1989)
 
30) Green MF, Satz P, Ganzell S, et al:Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in schizophrenia;remediation of a stubborn deficit. Am J Psychiatry 149:62-67(1992)
 
31) Green MF, Mintz J, Bowen L, et al:Prediction of response to haloperidol dose reduction by span of apprehension measure for treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 150:1415-1416(1993)
 
32) Gruzelier JH, Lykken DT, Venables PH:Schizophrenia and arousal revisited. Two-flash thresholds and electrodermal activity in activated and nonactivated conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 26:427-432(1972)
 
33) Gruzelier JH:Clinical attributes of schizophrenic skin conductance responders and non-responders. Psychol Med 6:245-249(1976)
 
34) Guich SM, Buchsbaum MS, Burgwald L, et al:Effect of attention on frontal distribution of delta activity and cerebral metabolic rate in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2:439-448(1989)
 
35) Halgren E, Stapleton JM, Smith M, et al:Generators of the human scalp P3. Evoked Potentials, Cracco, Bodis-Wollner(ed) , pp 269-284, Alan R. Liss(1986)
 
36) Hegerl U, Juckel G:Intensity dependence of auditory evoked potentials as an indicator of central serotonergic neurotransmission;A new hypothesis. Biol Psychiatry 33:173-187(1993)
 
37) Hillyard SA, Hink RF, Schwent VL, et al:Electrical sings of selective attention in the human brain. Science 182:177-180(1973)
 
38) 平松謙一, 林田征起, 福田正人ほか:分裂病患者のNd, P300-正常値との比較. 臨床脳波34:184-188(1992)
 
39) 平松謙一, 福田正人, 畑 哲信ほか:未治療分裂病患者の抗精神病薬治療による生化学的・精神生理学的・臨床的影響の検討. 精神薬療基金研究年報25:26-31(1994)
 
40) 昼田源四郎:分裂病の行動特性. 金剛出版, 東京(1989)
 
41) Holzman PS, Proctor LR, Levy DL, et al:Eyetracking dysfunction in schizophrenic patients and their relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry 31:143-151(1974)
 
42) Holzman PS, Levy DL, Proctor LR:Smooth pursuit eye movements, attention, and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 33:1415-1420(1976)
 
43) Huber G, Penin H:Klinische-elektroenzephalographische Korrelationsuntersuchungen bei Schizophrenien. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 36:641-659(1968)
 
44) 梶本修身, 山下 仰, 志水隆之ほか:分裂病者の記憶におけるトップダウン的処理の障害について. 臨床精神医学23:619-625(1994)
 
45) 亀山知道, 平松謙一, 斎藤 治ほか:シラブル弁別課題遂行時の事象関連電位と選択的注意機能(第二報) -分裂病患者の選択的注意・認知機能の生理学的検討. 精神経誌86:501-524(1984)
 
46) Katsanis J, Lacono WG:Electrodermal activity and clinical status in chronic schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol 103:777-783(1994)
 
47) Keilp JG, Sweeney JA, Jacobsen P, et al:Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia; specific relations to ventricular size and negative symptomatology. Biol Psychiatry 24:47-55(1988)
 
48) Kim DK, Shin YM, Kim CE, et al:Electrodermal responsiveness, clinical variables, and brain imaging in male chronic schizophrenics. Biol Psychiatry 33:786-793 (1993)
PubMed
49) 小島卓也, 松島英介, 太田克也ほか:精神分裂病のマーカーとしての眼球運動. 精神医学32:786-793(1990)
 
50) Kojima T, Matsushima E, Ando K, et al:Exploratory eye movements and neuropsychological tests in schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Bull 18:85-94(1992)
 
51) 松江克彦, 松岡洋夫, 大熊輝雄ほか:慢性分裂病者における光駆動反応. 臨床脳波24:601-609 (1982)
 
52) Matsue Y, Sugawara S, Oyama K, et al:Smooth pursuit eye movement dysfunction as a biological maker for prediction of disease courses of schizophrenia; A preliminary report. Jpn J Psychiatr Neurol 47:71-74(1993)
 
53) 松井三枝:精神分裂病の記憶機能. 精神医学34:1225-1230(1992)
 
54) Matsuoka H, Matsumoto K, Yamazaki H, et al:Perceptual disorganization and retarded NA potential in remitted schizophrenics. Recent Advances in Event-related Potential Research, Ogura C, Koga Y, Shimokochi M(ed) , pp 937-940, Elsevier Science B. V. , Amsterdam(1996)
 
55) Meehl PE:Specific genetic etiology, psychodynamics, and therapeutic nihilism. Int J Ment Health 1:10-27(1972)
 
56) Merrin EL, Floyd TC:P300 responses to novel auditory stimuli in hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 36:527-542(1994)
 
57) Moriya H, Ando K, Kojima T, et al:Eye movement during perception of pictures in chronic schizophrenia. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 26:189-199(1972)
 
58) Morrison-Stewart SL, Williamson PC, Corning WC, et al:Frontal and non-frontal lobe neuropsychological test performance and clinical symptomatology in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 22:353-359(1992)
 
59) 守屋裕文:注視点記録装置を用いた慢性分裂病患者とその家族の開瞼時眼球運動の研究. 精神経誌81:523-558(1979)
 
60) Morstyn R:Altered P300 topography in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiary 62:203-208(1983)
 
61) 丹羽真一, 福田正人, 平松謙一:分裂病の生理学的仮説. 臨床精神医学21:167-176 (1992)
 
62) 丹羽真一, 伊藤光宏, 竹内 賢ほか:生理学的指標からみた「精神の障害」. 精神科診断学5:203-220(1994)
 
63) 丹羽真一, 菅野正弘(監修) :分裂病の認知神経心理学. 医学書院, 東京(1995)
 
64) Niwa SI, Takeuchi S:Serial changes of P300 and plasma catecholamine metabolites in the course of 8 weeks pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia. Abstract of 1996 APA Annual Meeting, New York (1996)
 
65) 丹羽真一, 伊藤光宏, 竹内 賢:陰性症状の生理学. 臨床精神医学25:147-162 (1996)
 
66) 丹羽真一, 小林恒司, 広山祐治:分裂病の認知障害, 陰性症状, 生活障害. 精神疾患の認知障害, 丹羽真一(編) , pp 56-65, ライフ・サイエンス, 東京(1998)
 
67) Nuechterlein KH, Edell WS, Norris M, et al:Attentional vulnerability indicators, thought disorder, and negative symptoms. Schizophr Bull 12:408-426(1986)
 
68) 緒方 明, 葉山清昭, 岡田久則ほか:事象関連電位P300成分と精神分裂病の陰性症状. 精神医学31:1175-1182(1989)
 
69) 小椋 力, 平安良雄, 太田裕一:精神分裂病の事象関連電位P300トポグラフィー. 臨床脳波35:497-500(1993) ,
 
70) Oltmanns TF, Ohayon J, Neale JM:The effect of antipsychotic medication and diagnostic criteria on distractibility in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 14:81-91 (1978)
PubMed
71) Orzack MH, Kornetsky C:Attention dysfunction in chronic schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 14:323-326(1966)
 
72) Pass HL, Klorman R, Salzman LF, et al:The late positive component of the evoked response in acute schizophrenics during a test of sustained attention. Biol Psychiatry 15:9-20(1980)
 
73) Pfefferbaum A, Ford JM, White PM, et al:P3 in schizophrenia is affected by stimulus modality, response requirments, medication status, and negative symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:1035-1044(1989)
 
74) Roth WT, Horvath TB, Pfefferbaum A:Event-related potentials in schizophrenics. Electroencephagr Clin Neurophysiol 48:127-139(1980)
 
75) Roth WT, Pfefferbaum A, Kelley AF, et al:Auditory event-related potentials. in schizophrenia and depression. Psychiatry Res 4:199-212(1981)
 
76) Pritchard WS:Cognitive event-related potential correlates of schizophrenia. Psycol Bull 100:43-. 66(1986)
 
77) Sachbev P, Hume F, Toohey P, et al:Negative symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, tardive akathisia and tardive dyskinesia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 93:451-459(1996)
 
78) 斎藤 治, 丹羽真一, 平松謙一ほか:精神分裂病の認知障害. 臨床精神医学14:891-906 (1985)
 
79) Servan-Schreiber D, Cohen JD, Steingard S:Schizophrenic deficitis in the processing of context-atest of theoretical model. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53:1105-1112(1996)
 
80) Shallice T:From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge(1988)
 
81) Shenton ME, Faux SF, McCarley RW, et al:Correlations between abnormal auditory P300 topography and positive symptoms in schizophrenia;A preliminary report. Biol Psychiatry 25:710-716(1989)
 
82) Stirling JD, Hellewell JS, Hewitt J:Verbal memory impairment in schizophrenia;no sparing of short term recall. Schizophr Res 25:85-95(1997)
 
83) Solomon CM, Holzman PS, Levin S, et al:The association between eyetracking dysfunctions and thought disorder in psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:31-35(1987)
 
84) St. Clair D, Blackwood D, Muir W:P300 abnormality in schizophrenic subtypes. J Psychiatry Res 23:49-55(1989)
 
85) Stolar N, Berenbaum H, Banich MT, et al:Neuropsychological correlates of alogia and affective flattening in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 35:164-172(1994)
 
86) Strandburg RJ, Marsh JT, Brown WS, et al:Event-related potential correlates of impaired attention in schizophrenia children. Biol Psychiatry 27:1103-1115(1990)
 
87) Strandburg RJ, Marsh JT, Brown WS, et al:Reduced attention-related negative potentials in schizophrenic children. Electroencephagr Clin Neurophysiol 79:291-307(1991)
 
88) Strauss ME, Buchanan RW, Hale J:Relations between attentional deficits and clinical symptoms in schizophrenic outpatients. Psychiatry Res 47:205-213(1993)
 
89) 須賀良一:精神分裂病における統合力の障害. 臨床精神医学14:801-809(1985)
 
90) Suzuki Y, Jodo E, Takeuchi S, et al:Repeated administration of phencyclidine attenuates P3b-like potential in rats. Int J Psychophysiol 30:124(1998)
 
91) 高橋和己:精神分裂病の陰性症状と反応時間検査に現われる認知機能. 精神医学33:1179-1186 (1991)
 
92) Takeuchi S, Jodo E, Suzuki Y, et al:Chronic administration of methamphetamine reduced P3-like potentials in rats. Recent Advances in Event-related Potenial Research, Ogura C, Koga Y, Shimokochi M(ed) , pp 355-359, Elsevier, Amsterdam(1996a)
 
93) Takeuchi S, Hoshino K, Kurosu S, et al:Serial changes of P 300, p-HVA and p-MHPG in the course of treatment of schizophrenia. Recent Advance in Event-related Potential Research, Ogura C, Koga Y, Shimokochi M(ed) , pp 984-989, Elsevier, Amsterdam(1996b)
 
94) Tsunoda M, Kurachi M, Yuasa S, et al:Scanning eye movements in schizophrenic patients relationship to clinical symptoms and regional cerebral blood flow using 1231-IMP SPECT. Schizophr Res 7:159-168(1992)
 
95) 臺 弘:生活療法の復権. 精神医学26:803-815(1984)
 
96) Ward PB, Catts SV, Fox AM, et al:Auditory selective attention and event-related potentials in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 158:534-539(1991)
 
97) Wolkin A, Sanfilipo M, Wolf AP, et al:Negative symptoms and hypofrontality in chronic schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:959-965(1992)
 
98) 横田正夫:精神分裂病患者における認知的構えの固着. 精神医学30:1007-1014(1988)
 
P.213 掲載の参考文献
1) Adler LE, Pachtman E, Franks RD, et al:Neurophysiological evidence for a defect in neuronal mechanisms involved in sensory gating in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 17:639-654(1982)
 
2) Arolt V, Lencer R, Nolte A, et al:Eye tracking dysfunction is a putative s phenotypic susceptibility marker of schizophrenia and maps to a locus on chromosome 6p in families with multiple occurrence of the disease. Am J Med s Genet 67:564-579(1996)
 
3) Bernstein AS, Frith CD, Gruzelier JH, et al:An analysis of the skin conductance orienting response in samples of American, British and German schizophrenics. Biol Psychol 14:155-211(1982)
 
4) Bernstein AS:Orienting response research in schizophrenia;where we have come and where we might go. Schizophr Bull 13:623-641(1987)
 
5) Blackwood DH, Whally LJ, Chritie JE, et al:Changes in auditory P3 event related potential in schizophrenia and depression. Br J Psychiatry 150:154-160(1987)
 
6) Blackwood DH, St Clair DM, Muir WJ, et al:Auditory P300 and eye tracking dysfunction in schizophrenic pedigrees. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:899-909 (1991)
PubMed
7) Brekke JS, Raine A, Thomson C:Cognitive and psychophysiological correlates of positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum. Psychiatry Res 57:241-250(1995)
 
8) Cannon TD, Mednick SA, Parnas J:Antecedents of predominantly negative and predominantly positive symptom schizophrenia in a high-risk population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:622-632(1990)
 
9) Cannon TD, Raine A, Herman TM, et al:Third ventricle enlargement and lower heart rate levels in a high-risk sample. Psychophysiology 29:294 301 (1992)
 
10) Dawson ME, Nuechterlein KH, Schell AM:Electrodermal anomalies in resent-onset schizophrenia;relationships to symptoms and prognosis. Schizophr Bull 18:295-311(1992)
 
11) Dawson ME, Nuechterlein KH, Shell AM, et al:Autonomic abnormalities in schizophrenia. State or trait indicators? Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:813-824 (1994)
PubMed
12) Diefendorf AR, Dogde R:An experimental study of the ocular reactions of the insane from photographic records. Brain 31:451-489(1908)
 
13) Diner BC, Holcomb PJ, Dykman RA:P300 in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 15:175-184(1985)
 
14) Duncan CC, Morihisa JM, Fawcett RW, et al:P300 in schizophrenia;State or trait marker? Psychopharmacol Bull 23:497-501 (1987)
 
15) Ficken J, Iacono WG:Electrodermal deviations in first-episode psychiatric patients and their relations. Psychophysiology 27(suppl) :S30(1990)
 
16) Frangou S, Sharma T, Alarcon G, et al:The Maudsley family study. II. Endogenous event-related potentials in familial schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 23:45-53 (1997)
PubMed
17) Franks R, et al:Neurophysiological studies of sensory gating in mania. Comparison with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 18:989-1005(1983)
 
18) Freedman R, Waldo M, Bickford-Wimer P, et al:Elementary neuronal dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 4:233-243(1991)
 
19) Freedman R, et al:Neurophysiological evidence for a defect in inhibitory pathways in schizophrenia;Comparison of medicated and drug-free patients. Biol Psychiatry 18:537-551(1983)
 
20) Freedman R, Coon H, Myles-Worsley M, et al:Linkage of a neurophysiological deficit in schizophrenia to a chromosome 15 locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:587-592(1997)
 
21) Friedman D, Squires-Wheeler E:Event-related potentials(ERPs) as indicators of risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 20:63-74(1994)
 
22) Fukushima J, Fukusima K, Chiba T, Tanaka S, et al:Disturbance of voluntary control of saccadic eye movements of schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 23:670-677(1988a)
 
23) Fukushima J, Fukusima K, Kato M, et al:Voluntary control of saccades in sschizophrenics. EEG J 70:117-118(1988b)
 
24) Fukushima J, Fukusima K, Morita N, et al:Further analysis of the control of voluntary saccadic eye movements in schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 28:943-958(1990)
 
25) Gaebel W, Ulrich G, Frick DK:Eye movement research with schizophrenic patierlts and normals using corneal refrection-pupil center measurement. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 253:243-254(1986)
 
26) Gottesman II:Schizophrenia Genesis;The origin of madness. Freeman, New York(1991)
 
27) Hollister JM, Mednick SA, Brennan P, et al:Impaired autonomic nervous system-habituation in those at genetic risk for schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:552-558(1994)
 
28) Holzman PS, Proctor LR, Hughes DW:Eye-tracking patterns in schizophrenia. Science 181:179-181(1973)
PubMed
29) Holzman PS, Proctor LR, Levy DL, et al:Eye-tracking dysfunctions in schizophrenic patients and their relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry 31:143-151(1974)
 
30) Holzman PS, Kringlen E, Levy DL, et al:Abnormal-pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 34:802-805(1977)
 
31) Holzman PS, Kringlen E, Levy DL, et al:Smooth pursuit eye movement in twins discordant for schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 14:111-120(1978)
 
32) Holzman PS, Kringlen E, Levy DL, et al:Deviant eye tracking in twins discordant for psychosis;a replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 37:627-631(1980)
 
33) Holzman PS, Soloman C, Levin S, et al:Pursuit eye movement dysfunctions in schizophrenia;Family evidence for specificity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:136-139 (1984)
 
34) Holzman PS, Kringlen E, Mattysse S, et al:A single dominant gen can account for eye tracking dysfunctions and schizophrenia in offspring of discordant twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:641-647(1988)
 
35) Holzman PS:Behavioral markers of schizophrenia useful for genetic studies. J Psychiatr Res 26:427-445(1992)
 
36) 一瀬邦弘, 小島卓也, 安藤晴延ほか:覚醒水準の変動に伴う閉瞼時眼球運動の性質. 精神医学20:537-544(1978)
 
37) 岩成秀夫:慢性分裂病患者に多く見られる閉瞼時眼球運動 Square Wave Jerkssの研究. お茶の水医誌36:11-29(1988)
 
38) Keefe RSE, Siever LJ, Mohs RC, et al:Eye tracking, schizophrenic symptoms, and schizotypal personality disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 239:39-42 (1989)
 
39) Kidogami Y, Yoneda H, Asaba H, et al:P300 in first degree relatives of schizophrenics. Schizophr Res 6:9-13(1992)
 
40) Kim DK, Shin YM, Kim CE, et al:Electrodermal responsiveness, clinical variables, and brain imaging in male chronic schizophrenics. Biol Psychiatry 33:786-793 (1993)
PubMed
41) 小島卓也:内因性うつ病患者の閉瞼時眼球運動に関する研究-慢性分裂病患者, 神経症患者, 正常者との対比. 精神経誌74:511-535(1972)
 
42) Kojima T, Matsushima E, Iwama H, et al:Visual perception process in amphetamine psychosis and schizophrenia. Psychopharmacol Bull 22:768-773(1986)
 
43) Kojima T, Matsushima E, Nakajima K:Eye movements in acute, chronic and remitted schizophrenics. Biol Psychiatry 27:975-989(1990)
 
44) Kojima T, Matsushima E, Ando K, et al:Exploratory eye movements and neuro-psychological tests in schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Bull 18:85 (1992)
 
45) 小島卓也, 松島英介:精神医学と生物学のクロストーク. 精神分裂病の眼球運動. 精神医学36:579-585(1994a)
 
46) 小島卓也, 松島英介, 太田克也ほか:眼球運動による精神分裂病の診断. 精神医学レビュー, 別巻, 融道男ほか(編) , pp 12-18, ライフ・サイエンス, 東京 (1994b)
 
47) 小島卓也, 高橋 栄, 田辺英一ほか:精神分裂病患者とその家族における探索・閉瞼時・追跡眼球運動に関する研究. 平成6年度厚生省精神・神経疾患研究委託費による研究報告集, 国立精神・神経センター, 東京(1995)
 
48) 小島卓也:探索眼球運動を用いた分裂病の成因解明に関する研究. 厚生省精神・神経疾患研究委託費, 平成8年度研究報告書, p 581, 国立精神・神経センター, 東. 京 (1997)
 
49) 小島卓也, 夏梅蘭:精神分裂病の眼球運動. 異常. 神経進歩40:496-505(1996)
 
50) 小島卓也:精神分裂病の異種性をどう考えるか. 精神科治療学12:659-666 (1997)
 
51) 小島卓也:精神生理学的指標による精神分裂病の異種性 1) 眼球運動からみた精神分裂病の異種性について. 最新精神医学2:43-49(1997)
 
52) Kojima T, Matsushima E, Toru M, et al:Exploratory eye movements as a biological marker for schizophrenia;WHO Collaborative Project. p 121, Abstract of the Regional Meeting of World Psychiatric Association, Beijing (1997)
 
53) Kugelmass S, Faber N, Ingraham LJ, et al:Reanalysis of SCOR and anxiety measures in the Israeli High Risk Study. Schizophr Bull 21:205-217(1995)
 
54) Leonard S, et al:Nicotinic receptor function in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 22:431-445(1996)
 
55) Litman RE, Torrey EF, Hommer DW, et al:A quantitative analysis of smooth pursuit eye tracking in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:417-426(1997)
 
56) Maina G, Barzega G, Bellino S, et al:Type I and Type II schizophrenia; relations between tonic electrodermal activity and clinical ratings before and after haloperidol treatment. Psychiatry Res 57:49-56(1995)
 
57) 松江克彦:精神分裂病に対する精神生理学的アプローチ. 精神医学32:573-582 (1990)
 
58) Matsushima E, Kojima T, Ohbayashi S:Exploratory eye movements in schizophrenic patients and patients with frontal lobe lesions. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neuroscience 241:210-214(1992)
 
59) 松島英介, 小島卓也ほか:精神分裂病患者の探索眼球運動 -一卵性双生児間の比較第18回日本生物学的精神医学抄録, 大阪(1996)
 
60) 松島英介, 竹林 宏, 小島卓也:精神分裂病患者における探索眼球運動の異常と認知機構. 臨床脳波38:291-294(1996)
 
61) Matsushima E, Ohta K, Ohbayashi S, et al:Exploratory Eye Movements in Patients with Schizophrenia-A monozygotic twin study. p 121, Abstract of the Regional Meeting of World Psychiatric Association, Beijing(1997)
 
62) Mednick SA, Schulesinger F:Some premorbid characteristics related to breakdown of children with schizophrenic mothers. The Transmission of Schizophrenia, Rosenthal D, Kety SS(ed) , pp 267-291, Pergamon Press, New York(1968)
 
63) Moriya H, Ando K, Kojima T, et al:Eye movements during perception of pictures in chronic schizophrenics. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 26:189(1972)
 
64) 守屋裕文:注視点記録装置を用いた慢性分裂病患者とその家族の開瞼時眼球運動の研究. 精神経誌81:523-558(1979)
 
65) Nakashima Y, Momose T, Sano I, et al:Cortical control of saccade in normal and schizophrenic subjects;a PET study using a task-evoked rCBF paradigm. Schizophr Res 12:259-264(1994)
 
66) 中島一憲:精神分裂病における眼球運動の研究-閉瞼時および視標追跡時, 図形呈示時相互の関連性. 精神経誌92:509-531(1990)
 
67) Neisser U:Cognition and Reality. Freeman(1976) -古崎 敬, 村瀬 旻(訳) :認知の構図. サイエンス社, 東京(1978)
 
68) Pfefferbaum A, Wenegrat, BG, Ford JM, et al:Clinical application of the P3 component of event-related potentials. II. dementia depression and schizosphrenia. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 59:645-649(1992)
 
69) Pfefferbaum A, Ford JM, White PM, et al:P3 in schizophrenia is affected by stimulus modality, response requirements, medication and negative symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:1035-1044(1990)
 
70) Polich J, Burns T:P300 from identical twins. Neuropsychologia 25:299-304(1987)
 
71) Porjesz B, Begleiter H, Samuuelly I:Cognitive deficits in chronic alcoholics and elderly subjects assessed by evoked brain potentials. Acta Psychiatr Scand 62(suppl 286) :15-29(1980)
 
72) Rogers TD, Burns T:The P300 component of the auditory event-related potential in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Acta Psychiatr Scand 83:412-416(1991)
 
73) Roose RB, Schwarz BL, Kim SY, et al:Correlation between antisaccade and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Performance in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 150:333-335(1993)
 
74) Rumke HC:Die klinische Differenzierung innerhalb der Gruppe der Schizosphrenien. Nervenarzt 29:49-53(1958)
 
75) Saitoh O, Niwa S, Hiramatsu K, et al:Abnormalities in late positive components of event-related potentials may reflect a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 19:293-303(1984)
 
76) Shagass C, Roemern RA, Overton DA:Eye-tracking performance in psychiatric patients. Biol Psychiatry 9:245-260(1974)
 
77) Shakow D:Segmental set;A theory of the formal psychological deficit in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 6:1-17(1962)
 
78) Shimazono Y:Study on the ocular movements in normal subjects and psychiatric patients. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 7(suppl) :339-342(1963)
 
79) Shimazono Y, Ando K, Sakamoto S, et al:Eye movements of waking subjects with closed eyes. A comparison between normals and chronic schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 13:537-543(1965)
 
80) 島薗安雄, 安藤克巳, 坂本信義, ほか:覚醒・閉眼時の眼球運動-正常者と陳旧分裂病患者の比較. 精神医学6:919-926(1964)
 
81) 島薗安雄(監) , 安藤克巳, 安藤晴延, 小島卓也(編) :眼とこころ-眼球運動による精神疾患へのアプローチ. 創造出版, 東京(1991)
 
82) Siegel C, Waldo M, Mizner G, et al:Deficits in・sensory gating in schizophrenic patients and their relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:607-612(1984)
 
83) Spohn HE, Coyne L, Wilson JK, et al:Skin-conductance orienting response in chronic schizophrenics;the role of neuroleptics. J Abnorm Psychol 98:478-486(1989)
 
84) St Clair D, Blackwood D, Muir W:P300 abnormality in schizophrenic subtypes. J Psychiatr Res 23:49-55(1989)
 
85) 高橋 栄:精神生理学的検査を用いた精神分裂病患者と非分裂病患者の判別の試み. 日大医誌54:785-804(1995)
 
86) 高橋 栄, 田辺栄一, 坂井禎一郎ほか:精神分裂病における精神生理学的指標と脳形態学的指標の関係. 臨床脳波38:85-91(1996)
 
87) 立津政順:私の分裂病. 臨床精神医学10:1309-1321(1981)
 
88) 豊田 尭:注視点記録装置を用いた内因性うつ病患者の開瞼時眼球運動の研究. 精神経誌80:617-645(1978)
 
89) Tsunoda M, Kurachi M, Yuasa S, et al:Scanning eye movements in schizophrenic patients relationship to clinical symptoms and regional blood flow susing 123I-IMP SPECT. Schizophr Res 7:159-168(1992)
 
90) Venables PH, Wing JK:Level of arousal and the subclassification of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 7:114-119(1962)
 
91) Volkow ND, Wolf AP, Gelder PV, et al:Phenomenological correlates of metabolic activity in 18 patients with chronic schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 144:151-158(1987)
 
92) Yan W, Xia M, Xing Z, et al:Searching eye movement, smooth pursuit eye movement and schizophrenia. Chin Med J 109:566-571(1996)
 
93) Young DA, Waldo M, Ruteledge III, et al:Heritability of inhibitory gating of the P50 auditory-evoked potential in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Neuropsychobiology 33:113-117(1996)
 
94) Zahn TP, Carpenter WT, McGlashan TH:Autonomic nervous system responsibility in acute schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 38:251-266(1981)
 
P.231 掲載の参考文献
1) Adams CE, DeMasters BK, Freedman R:Regional zinc staining in postmortem hippocampus from schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res 18(1) :71-77 (1995)
PubMed
2) Adler LE, Waldo MC:Counterpoint;a sensory gating-hippocampal model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 17(1) :19-24(1991)
 
3) Akbarian S, Bunney WE Jr, Potkin SG, et al:Altered distribution of nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase cells in frontal lobe of schizophrenics implies disturbances of cortical development. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:169-177(1993)
 
4) Akbarian S, Vinuela A, Kim JJ, et al:Distorted distribution of nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase neurons in temporal lobe of schizophrenics implies anomalous cortical development. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:178-187 (1993)
PubMed
5) Akbarian S, Potkin SG, Hetrick WP, et al:Maldistribution of interstitial neurons in prefrontal white matter of the brains of schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53(5) :425-436(1996)
 
6) Akil M, Lewis DA:Cytoarchitecture of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 154(7) :1010-1012(1997)
 
7) Altshuler LL, Casanova MF, Goldberg TE, et al:The hippocampus and parahippocampus in schizophrenic, suicide, and control brains. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47(11) :1029-1034 (1990)
PubMed
8) Amaral DG, Witter MP:The three-dimensional organization of the hippocampal formation;a review of anatomical data. Neuroscience 31(3) :571-591 (1989)
PubMed
9) Anderson SA, Volk DW, Lewis DA:Increased density of microtubule associated protein 2-immunoreactive neurons in the prefrontal white matter of schizophrenic subjects. Schizophr Res 19:111-119(1996)
 
10) Arnold SE, Hyman BT, van Hoesen GW, et al:Some cytoarchitectural abnormalities of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:625-632 (1991)
PubMed
11) Arnold SE, Lee VM, Gur RE, et al:Abnormal expression of two microtubule-associated proteins (MAP2 and MAP5) in specific subfields of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88(23) :10850-10854 (1991)
PubMed
12) Arnold SE, Franz BR, Trojanowski JQ, et al:Glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive astrocytosis in elderly patients with schizophrenia and dementia. Acta Neuropathol 91:269-277(1996)
 
13) Bachneff SA:Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging;a review and a local circuit neurons hypo(dys) function hypothesis of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 30:857-886(1991)
 
14) Barbeau D, Liang JJ, Robitalille Y, et al:Decreased expression of the embryonic form of the neural cell adhesion molecule in schizophrenic brains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92(7) :2785-2789(1995)
 
15) Beall MJ, Lewis DA:Heterogeneity of layer II neurons in human entorhinal cortex. J Comp Neurol 321(2) :241-266(1992)
 
16) Benes FM, Davidson J, Bird ED:Quantitative cytoarchitectural studies of the cerebral cortex of schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43(1) :31-35(1986)
 
17) Benes FM, Bird ED:An analysis of the arrangement of neurons in the cingulate cortex of schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44(7) :608-616 (1987)
PubMed
18) Benes FM, Majocha R, Bird ED, et al:Increased vertical axon numbers in cingulate cortex of schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44(11) :1017-1021 (1987)
PubMed
19) Benes FM:Myelination of cortical-hippocampal relays during late adolescence. Schizophr Bull 15(4) :585-593(1989)
 
20) Benes FM, Sorensen I, Bird ED:Reduced neuronal size in posterior hippocampus of schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Bull 17(4) :597-608(1991)
 
21) Benes FM, McSparren J, Bird ED, et al:Deficits in small interneurons in prefrontal and cingulate cortices of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48(11) :996-1001(1991)
 
22) Benes FM, Sorensen I, Vincent SL, et al:Increased density of glutamate-immunoreactive vertical processes in superficial laminae in cingulate cortex of schizophrenic brain. Cereb Cortex 2(6) :503-512 (1992)
PubMed
23) Benes FM, Turtle M, Khan Y, et al:Myelination of a key relay zone in the hippocampal formation occurs in the human brain during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51(6) :477-484(1994)
 
24) Benes FM, Khan Y, Vincent SL, et al:Differences in the subregional and cellular distribution of GABAA receptor binding in the hippocampal formation of schizophrenic brain. Synapse 22(4) :338-349 (1996)
PubMed
25) Benes FM, Todtenkopf MS, Taylor JB:Differential distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase fibers on small and large neurons in layer II of anterior cingulate cortex of schizophrenic brain. Synapse 25(1) :80-92 (1997)
PubMed
26) Blottner DG, Gossrau R:Histochemistry of nitric oxide synthase in the nervous system. Histochem J 27:785-811(1995)
 
27) Bogerts B, Hantsch J, Herzer M:A morphometric study of the dopamine-containing cell groups in the mesencephalon of normals, Parkinson patients, and schizophrenics. Biol Psychiatry 18(9) :951-969(1983)
 
28) Bogerts B, Meertz E, Schonfeldt-Bausch R:Basal ganglia and limbic system pathology in schizophrenia. A morphometric study of brain volume and shrinkage. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42(8) :784-791(1985)
 
29) Bogerts B, Falkai P, Haupts M, et al:Post-mortem volume measurements of limbic system and basal ganglia structures in chronic schizophrenics. Initial results from a new brain collection. Schizophr Res 3(5-6) :295-301(1990)
 
30) Bogerts B, Lieberman JA, Ashtari M, et al:Hippocampus-amygdala volumes and psychopathology in chronic schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 33(4) :236-246 (1993)
PubMed
31) Bogerts B:Recent advances in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 19:431-445(1993)
 
32) Braak H:The allocortex. Architectonics of the Human Telencephalic Cortex, pp 26-48, Springer-Verlag, Berlin(1980)
 
33) Bredt DS, Snyder SH:Transient nitric oxide synthase neurons in embryonic cerebral cortical plate, sensory ganglia, and olfactory epithelium, Neuron 13(2) :301-313 (1994)
PubMed
34) Brown R, Colter N, Corsellis JA, et al:Postmortem evidence of structural brain changes in schizophrenia;Differences in brain weight, temporal horn area, and parahippocampal gyrus compared with affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43(1) :36-42(1986)
 
35) Bruton DJ, Drow TJ, Frith CD, et al:Schizophrenia and the brain;a prospective clinico-neuropathological study. Psychol Med 20(2) :285-304 (1990)
 
36) Buchsbaum MS, Ingvar DH, Kesslar R, et al:Cerebral glucography with positron tomography. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39:251-259(1982)
 
37) Casanova MF, Comparini SO, Kim RW, et al:Staining intensity of brain iron in patients with schizophrenia;a postmortem study. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 4(1) :36-41(1992)
 
38) Christison GW, Casanova MF, Weinberger DR, et al:A quantitative investigation of hippocampal pyramidal cell size, shape, and variability of orientation in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:1027-1032(1989)
 
39) Chun JJM, Shatz CJ:Interstitial cells of the adult neocortical white matter are the remnant of the early generated subplate neuron population. J Comp Neurol 282:555-569(1989)
 
40) Conrad AJ, Abebe T, Austin R, et al:Hippocampal pyramidal cell disarray in schizophrenia as a bilateral phenomenon. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:413-417(1991)
 
41) Colter N, Battal S, Crow TJ, et al:White matter reduction in the parahippocampal gyrus of patients with schizophrenia[letter]. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44(11) :1023 (1987)
PubMed
42) Cotter DT, Farrell M, Sham P, et al:Does prenatal exposure to influenza in mice induce pyramidal cell disarray in the dorsal hippocampus? Schizophr Res 16(3) :233-241(1995)
 
43) Crow TJ:The biology of schizophrenia. Experientia 38:1275-1282(1982)
 
44) Crow TJ, Ball J, Bloom SR, et al:Schizophrenia as an anomaly of development of cerebral asymmetry. A postmortem study and a proposal concerning the genetic basis of the disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46(12) :1145-1150(1989)
 
45) Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Snyder SH:A novel neuronal messenger molecule in brain;The free radical, nitric oxide. Ann Neurol 32:297-311(1992)
 
46) Eastwood SL, Harrison PJ:Decreased synaptophysin in the medial temporal lobe in schizophrenia demonstrated using immunoautoradiography. Neuroscience 69(2) :339-343 (1995)
PubMed
47) el-Mallakh RS, Kirch DG, Shelton R, et al:The nucleus basalis of Meynert, senile plaques, and intellectual impairment in schizophrenia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 3(4) :383-386(1991)
 
48) Falkai P, Bogerts B:Cell loss in the hippocampus of schizophrenics. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 236:154-161(1986)
 
49) Falkai P, Bogerts B, Rozumek M:Limbic pathology in schizophrenia;the entorhinal region-a morphometric study. Biol Psychiatry 24:515-521(1988)
 
50) Falkai P, Bogerts B, Greve B, et al:Loss of sylvian fissure asymmetry in schizophrenia. A quantitative post mortem study. Schizophr Res 7(1) :23-32(1992)
 
51) Flach KA, Adler LE, Gerhardt GA, et al:Sensory gating in a computer model of the CA3 neural network of the hippocampus. Biol Psychiatry 40(12) :1230-1245 (1996)
 
52) Fuller TA, Russchen FT, Price JL:Sources of presumptive glutamergic/aspartergic afferents to the rat ventral striatopallidal region. J Comp Neurol 258(3) :317-338 (1987)
 
53) Garcia-Rill E, Biedermann JA, Chambers T, et al:Mesopontine neurons in schizophrenia. Neuroscience 66(2) :321-335(1995)
 
54) Gray JA, Joseph MH, Hemsley DR, et al:The role of mesolimbic dopaminergic and retrohippocampal afferents to the nucleus accumbens in latent inhibition; implications for schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 71(1-2) :19-31(1995)
 
55) Gunther W:MRI-SPECT and PET-EEG findings on brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 16:445-462(1992)
 
56) Gurevich EV, Bordelon Y, Shapiro RM, et al:Mesolimbic dopamine D3 receptors and use of antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia. A postmortem study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54(3) :225-232(1997)
 
57) Heckers S, Heinsen H, Heinsen YC, et al:Limbic structures and lateral ventricle in schizophrenia. A quantitative postmortem study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47(11) :1016-1022 (1990)
PubMed
58) Heckers S, Heinsen H, Heinsen YC, et al:Cortex, white matter, and basal ganglia in schizophrenia;a volumetric postmortem study. Biol Psychiatry 29 (6) :556-566 (1991)
 
59) Heckers S, Heinsen H, Geiger B, et al:Hippocampal neuron number in schizophrenia. A stereological study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:1002-1008(1991)
 
60) Hevner RF, Kinney HC:Reciprocal entorhinal-hippocampal connections established by human fetal midgestation. J Comp Neurol 372(3) :384-394(1996)
 
61) Huang PL, Dawson TM, Bredt DS, et al:Targeted disruption of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene. Cell 75(7) :1273-1286 (1993)
PubMed
62) 猪瀬 正:組織病理学. 精神分裂病, 猪瀬 正, 臺 弘, 島崎敏樹(編) , pp383-401, 医学書院, 東京(1966)
 
63) Jakob H, Beckmann H:Prenatal developmental disturbances in the limbic allocortex in schizophrenics. J Neural Transm 65:303-326(1986)
 
64) Jakob H, Beckmann H:Gross and histological criteria for developmental disorders in brains of schizophrenics. JR Soc Med 82(8) 1466-469(1989)
 
65) Jakob H, Beckmann H:Circumscribed malformation and nerve cell alterations in the entorhinal cortex of schizophrenics. Pathogenetic and clinical aspects. J Neural Transm Gen Sect 98(2) :83-106(1994)
 
66) Jeste DV, Lohr JB:Hippocampal pathologic findings in schizophrenia. A morphometric study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46(11) :1019-1024(1989)
 
67) Karson CN, Garcia-Rill E, Biedermann J, et al:The brain stem reticular formation in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 40(1) :31-48(1991)
 
68) Karson CN, Griffin WS, Mrak RE, et al:Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in schizophrenia;increases in cerebellar vermis. Mol Chem Neuropathol 27(3) :275-284 (1996)
PubMed
69) Kelley AE, Domesick VB:The distribution of the projection from the hippocampal formation to the nucleus accumbens in the rat;an anterograde-and retrograde-horseradish peroxidase study. Neuroscience 7(10) :2321-2335(1982)
 
70) Knable MB, Hyde TM, Herman MM, et al:Quantitative autoradiography of dopamine-D1 receptors, D2 receptors, and dopamine uptake sites in postmortem striatal specimens from schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 36(12) :827-835 (1994)
PubMed
71) Knable MB, Hyde TM, Murray AM, et al:A postmortem study of frontal cortical dopamine D1 receptors in schizophrenics, psychiatric controls, and normal controls. Biol Psychiatry 40:1191-1199(1996)
 
72) Kolb B, Whishaw IQ:Variations in cerebral asymmetry. Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology, 4th edition, pp 214-242, W. H. Freeman, New York (1996)
 
73) Kovelman JA, Scheibel AB:A neurohistological correlate of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 19:1601-1621(1984)
 
74) Kretschmann HJ, Kammradt G, Krauthausen I, et al:Growth of the hippocampal formation in man. Bibl Anat 28:27-52(1986)
 
75) 黒木規臣, 加瀬光一, 岩波 明ほか:精神分裂病の神経病理学的研究. 脳と精神の医学6(1) :61-66(1995)
 
76) Lahti RA, Roberts RC, Conley RR, et al:D2-type dopamine receptors in postmortem human brain sections from normal and schizophrenic subjects. Neuroreport 7(12) :1945-1948(1996)
 
77) Lesch A, Bogerts B:The diencephalon in schizophrenia;evidence for reduced thickness of the periventricular grey matter. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 234(4) :212-219 (1984)
PubMed
78) Lohr JB, Jeste DV:Cerebellar pathology in schizophrenia? A neuronometric study. Biol Psychiatry 21(10) :865-875(1986)
 
79) Lohr JB, Jeste DV:Locus ceruleus morphometry in aging and schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 77(6) :689-697(1988)
 
80) 松下正明:精神分裂病の病理形態学的仮説. 臨床精神医学21(2) :197204 (1992)
 
81) Mednick SA, Parnas J, Schulsinger F:The Copenhagen High-Risk Project, 1962-86. Schizophr Bull 13(3) :485-495(1987)
 
82) Miller PD, Chung WW, Lagenaur CF, et al:Regional distribution of neural cell adhesion molecule(N-CAM) and L1 in human and rodent hippocampus. J Comp Neurol 327(3) :341-349(1993)
 
83) Murray AM, Hyde TM, Knable MB, et al:Distribution of putative D4 dopamine receptors in postmortem striatum from patients with schizophrenia. J Neurosci 15(3) :2186-2191(1995)
 
84) Nelson RJ, Demas GE, Huang PL, et al:Behavioural abnormalities in male mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Nature 378(6555) :383-386 (1995)
PubMed
85) Niizato K, Ikeda K:Long-term antipsychotic medication of schizophrenics does not promote the development of Alzheimer's disease brain pathology. J Neurol Sci 138(1-2) :165-167(1996)
 
86) O'Donnell P, Grace AA:Synaptic interactions among excitatory afferents to nucleus accumbens neurons;hippocampal gating of prefrontal cortical input. J Neurosci 15(5) :3622-3639(1995)
 
87) Pakkenberg B:Post-mortem study of chronic schizophrenic brains. Br J Psychiatry 151:744-752 (1987)
PubMed
88) Pakkenberg B:Pronounced reduction of total neuron number in mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and nucleus accumbens in schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47(11) :1023-1028 (1990)
PubMed
89) Pakkenberg B:The volume of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in treated and untreated schizophrenics. Schizophr Res 7(2) :95-100(1992)
 
90) Pakkenberg B:Total nerve cell number in neocortex in chronic schizophrenics and controls estimated using optical disectors. Biol Psychiatry 34 (11) :768-772 (1993)
PubMed
91) Phillipson OT, Griffiths AC:The topographic order of inputs to nucleus accumbens in the rat. Neuroscience 16(2) :275-296(1985)
 
92) Rakic P, Nowakowski RS:The time of origin of neurons in the hippocampal region of the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 196(1) :99-128(1981)
 
93) Reyes MG, Gordon A:Cerebellar vermis in schizophrenia[letter]. Lancet ii (8248) :700-701 (1981)
 
94) Roberts GW, Colter N, Lofthouse R, et al:Gliosis in schizophrenia;a survey. Biol Psychiatry 21(11) :1043-1050(1986)
 
95) Roberts GW, Colter N, Lofthouse R, et al:Is there gliosis in schizophrenia ? Investigation of the temporal lobe. Biol Psychiatry 22(12) :1459-1468 (1987)
PubMed
96) Roberts RC, Conley R, Kung L, et al:Reduced striatal spine size in schizophrenia;a postmortem ultrastructural study. Neuroreport 7(6) :1214-1218 (1996)
PubMed
97) Schmajuk NA, DiCarlo JJ:A neural network approach to hippocampal function in classical conditioning. Behav Neurosci 105(1) :82-110(1991)
 
98) Selemon LD, Rajkowska G, Goldman-Rakic PS:Abnormally high neuronal density in the schizophrenic cortex. A morphometric analysis of prefrontal area 9 and occipital area 17. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52(10) :805-820(1995)
 
99) Sesack SR, Pickel VM:In the rat medial nucleus accumbens, hippocampal and catecholaminergic terminals converge on spiny neurons and are in apposition to each other. Brain Res 527(2) :266-279(1990)
 
100) 立津政順:分裂病脳に見る特異な組織病理像-終脳における所見. 精神経誌, 62:1506-1529 (1960)
 
101) Uranova NA, Casanova MF, DeVaughn NM, et al:Ultrastructural alterations of synaptic contacts and astrocytes in postmortem caudate nucleus of schizophrenic patients [letter]. Schizophr Res 22(1) :81-83(1996)
 
102) van Hoesen GW:The parahippocampal gyrus;New observations regarding its cortical connections in the monkey. Trends Neurosci 5:345-350(1982)
 
103) Vincent SR, Armstrong DM, Fibiger HC:NADPH-diaphorase;a selective histochemical marker for the cholinergic neurons of the pontine reticular formation. Neurosci Lett 43:31-36(1983)
 
104) Weinberger DR, Bigelow LB, Kleinman JE, et al:Cerebral ventricular enlargement in chronic schizophrenia. An association with poor response to treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 37(1) :11-13(1980)
 
105) Weinberger DR, Kleinman JE, Luchins DJ, et al:Cerebellar pathology in schizophrenia;a controlled postmortem study. Am J Psychiatry 137(3) :359-361 (1980)
PubMed
106) Weinberger DR, Berman KF, Zec RF:Physiologic dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. I. Regional cerebral blood flow evidence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43(2) :114-124(1986)
 
107) Weinberger DR:From neuropathology to neurodevelopment. Lancet 346(8974) :552-557 (1995)
PubMed
108) Yang CR, Mogenson GJ:Dopamine enhances terminal excitability of hippocampal-accumbens neurons via D2 receptor;Role of dopamine in presynaptic inhibition. J Neurosci 6(8) :2470-2478(1986)
 
109) Yee BK, Feldon J, Rawlins JN:Latent inhibition in rats is abolished by NMDA-induced neuronal loss in the retrohippocampal region, but this lesion effect can be prevented by systemic haloperidol treatment. Behav Neurosci 109(2) :227-240 (1995)
PubMed
110) Zaidel DW, Esiri MM, Harrison PJ:Size, shape, and orientation of neurons in the left and right hippocampus;investigation of normal asymmetries and alterations in schizophrenia, Am J Psychiatry 154(6) :812-818(1997)
 
P.257 掲載の参考文献
1) Andreasen NC, Swayze VW II, Flaum M, et al:Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia evaluated with computed tomographic scanning. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:1008 1015(1990)
 
2) Andreasen NC, Arndt S, Swayze VW II, et al:Thalamic abnormalities in schizophrenia visualized through magnetic resonance image averaging. Science 266:294-298(1994)
 
3) Aso M, Suzuki M, Yuasa S, et al:MRI study of schizophrenia;relationship between age at onset and medial temporal lobe structures. Jpn J Psychiatry 48:687(1994)
 
4) Aso M, Kurachi M, Suzuki M, et al:Asymmetry of the ventricle and age at the onset of schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 245:142-144 (1995)
PubMed
5) 麻生光男, 鈴木道雄, 野原 茂ほか:精神分裂病の異種性(変異性) -脳画像の観点から. 精神経誌(印刷中)
 
6) Barta PE, Pearlson GD, Powers RE, et al:Auditory hallucinations and smaller superior temporal gyral volume in schizophrenia. Am J psychiatry 147:1457-1462(1990)
 
7) Barta PE, Petty RG, McGilchrist L, et al:Asymmetry of the planum temporale;methodological considerations and clinical associations. Psychiatry Res 61:137-150(1995)
 
8) Barta PE, Pearlson GD, Brill LBL, et al:Planum temporale asymmetry reversal in schizophrenia;Replication and relationship to gray matter abnormalities. Am J Psychiatry 154:661 667(1997)
 
9) Bartzokis G, Nuechterlein KH, Marder SR, et al:Age at illness onset and left temporal lobe length in males with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 67:189-201 (1996)
PubMed
10) Bartzokis G, Altshuler LL, Greider T, et al:Reliability of medial temporal lobe volume measurements using reformatted 3D images. Psychiatry Res; Neuroimaging 82:11. 24(1998)
 
11) Bartley AJ, Jones DW, Torrey EF, et al:Sylvian fissure asymmetries in monozygotic twins;a test of laterality in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 34:853-863(1993)
 
12) Becker T, Elmer K, Schneider F, et al:Confirmation of reduced temporal limbic structure volume on magnetic resonance imaging in male patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 67:135-143(1996)
 
13) Berman KF, Torrey EF, Daniel DG, et al:Regional cerebral blood flow in monozygotic twins discordant and concordant for schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:927934(1992)
 
14) Bilder RM, Wu H, Bogerts B, et al:Absence of regional hemispheric volume asymmetries in first-episode schizophrenia. Am J psychiatry 151:1437-1447 (1994)
PubMed
15) Bilder RM, Bogerts B, Ashtari M, et al:Anterior hippocampal volume reductions predict frontal lobe dysfunction in first episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 17:47-58(1995)
 
16) Bogerts B, Wurthmann C, Piroth HD:Hirnsubstanzdefizit mit paralimbischem und limbischem Schwerpunkt in CT Schizophrener. Nervenarzt 58:97-106 (1987)
PubMed
17) Bogerts B, Ashtari M, Degreef G, et al:Reduced temporal limbic structure volumes on magnetic resonance images in first episode schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res;Neuroimaging 35:1-13(1990)
 
18) Bogerts B, Falkai P, Greve B, et al:Evidence of reduced temporalimbic structure volumes in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:956-957(1991)
 
19) Bogerts B, Lieberman JA, Ashtari M, et al:Hippocampus-amygdala volumes and psychopathology in chronic schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 33:236-246 (1993)
PubMed
20) Breier A, Buchanan RW, Elkashef A, et al:Brain morphology and schizophrenia;A magnetic resonance imaging study of limbic, prefrontal cortex, and caudate structures. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:921-926(1992)
 
21) Buchsbaum MS, Someya T, Teng CY, et al:PET and MRI of the thalamus in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 153:191-199 (1996)
PubMed
22) Buchsbaum MS, Yang S, Hazlett E, et al:Ventricular volume and asymmetry in schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia assessed with magnetic resonance imaging. Schizophr Res 27:45-53(1997)
 
23) Cannon TD, Mednick SA, Parnas J, et al:Developmental brain abnormalities in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers. I. Contributions of genetic and perinatal factors. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:551-564(1993)
 
24) Cannon TD, Mednick SA, Parnas J, et al:Developmental brain abnormalities in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers. II. Structural brain characteristics of schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:955-962(1994)
 
25) Chakos MH, Lieberman JA, Bilder RM, et al:Increase in caudate nuclei volumes of first-episode schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotic drugs. Am J Psychiatry 151:1430-1436(1994)
 
26) Chakos MH, Lieberman JA, Alvir J, et al:Caudate nuclei volumes in schizophrenic patients treated with typical antipsychotics or clozapine. Lancet 345:456-457(1995)
PubMed
27) Chua SE, Wright IC, Poline JB, et al:Grey matter correlates of syndromes in schizophrenia. A semi-automated analysis of structural magnetic resonance images. Br J Psychiatry 170:406-410(1997)
 
28) Colombo C, Abbruzzese M, Livian S, et al:Memory functions and temporallimbic morphology in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 50:45-56(1993)
 
29) Cook MJ, Fish DR, Shorvon SD, et al:Hippocampal volumetric and morphometric studies in frontal and temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain 115:1001-1015 (1992)
PubMed
30) Crow TJ:Molecular pathology of schizophrenia;More than one disease process? Br Med J 280:66-68(1980)
 
31) Crow TJ:The two-syndrome concept;origins and current status. Schizophr Bull 11:471-486(1985)
 
32) Crow TJ, Ball J, Bloom SR, et al:Schizophrenia as an anomaly of development of cerebral asymmetry. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:1145-1150(1989)
 
33) Degreef G, Ashtari M, Bogerts B, et al:Volumes of ventricular system subdivisions measured from magnetic resonance images in first-episode schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:531-537(1992)
 
34) Degreef G, Bogerts B, Falkai P, et al:Increased prevalence of the cavum septum pellucidum in magnetic resonance scans and post-mortem brains of schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry Res 45:1-13(1992)
 
35) Degreef G, Ashtari M, Bogerts B, et al:Volumes of ventricular system subdivisions measured from magnetic resonance images in first-episode schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:531-537(1992)
 
36) DeLisi LE, Schwartz CC, Targum SD, et al:Ventricular brain enlargement and outcome of acute schizophreniform disorder. Psychiatry Res 9:169-171 (1983)
 
37) DeLisi LE, Goldin LR, Hamovit JR, et al:A family study of the association of increased ventricular size with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:148-153 (1986)
PubMed
38) DeLisi LE, Hoff AL, Schwartz JE, et al:Brain morphology in first-episode schizophrenic-like psychotic patients;A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry 29:159-175(1991)
 
39) DeLisi LE, Hoff AL, Kushner M, et al:Left ventricular enlargement associated with diagnostic outcome of schizophreniform disorder. Biol Psychiatry 32:199-201 (1992)
PubMed
40) DeLisi LE, Hoff AL, Neale C, et al:Asymmetries in the superior temporal lobe in male and female first-episode schizophrenic patients;measures of the planum temporale and superior temporal gyrus by MRI. Schizophr Res 12:19-28(1994)
 
41) DeLisi LE, Tew W, Xie S-h, et al:A prospective follow-up study of brain morphology and cognition in first-episode schizophrenic patients;preliminary findings. Biol Psychiatry 38:349-360(1995)
 
42) DeLisi LE, Sakuma M, Tew W, et al:Schizophrenia as a chronic active brain process;a study of progressive brain structural change subsequent to the onset of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 74:129-140(1997)
 
43) DeQuardo JR, Goldman M, Tandon R:VBR in schizophrenia;relationship to family history of psychosis and season of birth. Schizophr Res 20:275-285 (1996)
PubMed
44) Flaum M, O'Leary DS, Swayze VW II, et al:Symptom dimensions and brain morphology in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. J Psychiatr Res 29:261-276(1995)
 
45) Frazier JA, Giedd JN, Kaysen D, et al:Childhood-onset schizophrenia;brain MRI rescan after 2 years of clozapine maintenance treatment. Am J psychiatry 153:564-566(1996)
 
46) Friston KJ, Liddle PF, Froth CD, et al:The left medial temporal region and schizophrenia;A PET study. Brain 115:367-382(1992)
 
47) Fukuzako H, Kodama S, Fukuzako T, et al:Shortening of the hippocampal formation in first-episode schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 49:157-161 (1995)
PubMed
48) Fukuzako H, Takeuchi K, Hokazono Y, et al:Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the left medial temporal and frontal lobes in chronic schizophrenia;preliminary report. Psychiatry Res;Neuroimaging 61:193-200 (1995)
 
49) Fukuzako H, Fukuzako T, Hashiguchi T, et al:Reduction in hippocampal formation volume is caused mainly by its shortening in chronic schizophrenia;assessment by MRI. Biol Psychiatry 39:938-945 (1996)
 
50) Geschwind N, Levitsky:Human brain;left-right asymmetries in temporal speech region. Science 161:186-187 (1968)
PubMed
51) Giedd JN, Vaituzis AC, Hamburger SD, et al:Quantitative MRI of the temporal lobe, amygdala, and hippocampus in normal human development, ages 4-18 years. J Comp Neurol 366:223-230(1996)
 
52) Goldberg TE, Regland D, Torrey EF, et al:Neuropsychological assessment of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:1066-1072 (1990)
 
53) Goldberg TE, Torrey EF, Berman KF, et al:Relations between neuropsychological performance and brain morphological and physiological measures in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res;Neuro-imaging 55:51-61(1994)
 
54) Gur RE, Mozley PD, Shtasel DL, et al:Clinical subtypes of schizophrenia; differences in brain and CSF volume. Am J Psychiatry 151:343-350(1994)
 
55) Gur RE, Cowell P, Turetsky BI, et al:A follow-up magnetic resonance imaging study of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55:145-152(1998)
 
56) Harris GJ, Rhew EF, Noga JT, et al:A user-friendly method for rapid brain and CSF volume calculation using transaxial MRI images. Psychiatry Res; Neuroimaging 40:61-68(1991)
 
57) Harris GJ, Barta PE, Peng L, et al:MRI gray and white matter volume segmentation using manual thresholding;dependence on image brightness. Am J Neuroradiol 15:225-230(1994)
 
58) Hayashi T, Watanabe T, Kitoh H, et al:Multivariate analyses of CT findings in typical schizophrenia and atypical psychosis. Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol 46:699-709 (1992)
PubMed
59) Hokama H, Shenton ME, Nestor PG, et al:Caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus volume in schizophrenia;a quantitative MRI study. Psychiatry Res;Neuroimaging 61:209-229(1995)
 
60) Insausti R, Juottonen K, Soininen H, et al:MR volumetric analysis of the human entorhinal, perirhinal, and temporopolar cortices. Am J Neuroradiol 19:659-671 (1998)
 
61) Jack CR Jr, Twomey CK, Zinsmeister AR, et al:Anterior temporal lobes and hippocampal formations;normative volumetric measurements from MR images in young adults. Radiology 172:549-554(1989)
 
62) Jack CR Jr, Bentley MD, Twomey CK, et al:MR imaging-based volume measurements of the hippocampal formation and anterior temporal lobe; validation studies. Neuroradiology 176:205-209(1990)
 
63) Jack CR Jr, Theodore WH, Cook M, et al:MRI-based hippocampal volumetirics;DATA acquisition, normal ranges and optional protocol. Magn Reson Imaging 13:1057-1064(1995)
 
64) Jaskiw GE, Juliano DM, Goldberg TE, et al:Cerebral ventricular enlargement in schizophreniform disorder drees not progress;A seven year follow-up study. Schizophr Res 14:23-28(1994)
 
65) Jernigan TL, Zatz LM, Moses JA, et al:Computed tomography in schizophrenics and normal volunteers. I. Fluid volume. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39:765-770 (1982)
PubMed
66) Johnstone EC, Crow TJ, Frith CD, et al:Cerebral ventricular size and cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia. Lancet ii:924-926 (1976)
 
67) Johnstone EC, Crow TJ, Frith CD, et al:The dementia of dementia praecox. Acta Psychiatr Scand 57:305-324 (1978)
PubMed
68) Johnstone EC, Owens DGC, Crow TJ, et al:Temporal lobe structure as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52:736-741 (1989)
 
69) Kawasaki Y, Maeda Y, Urata K, et al:A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study of patients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 242:268-272(1993)
 
70) Keshavan MS, Dettegrew JW, Panchalingam KS, et al:Phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy detects altered brain metabolism before onset of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:1112 (1991)
 
71) Keshavan MS, Bagwell WW, Haas GL, et al:Changes in caudate volume with neuroleptic treatment. Lancet 344:1434 (1994)
PubMed
72) Keshavan MS, Montrose DM, Pierri JN, et al:Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in offspring at risk for schizophrenia;preliminary studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 21:1285-1295(1997)
 
73) 木場清子, 中村美智子, 平松 博ほか:ウェクスラー記憶尺度の日本語版研究-分裂病患者と正常者との比較. 精神医学 30:635-642(1988)
 
74) 木村 敏:心の病理を考える. pp 153, 岩波書店, 東京 (1994)
 
75) Kleinschmidt A, Falkai P, Huang Y, et al:In vivo morphometry of planum temporale asymmetry in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 12:9-18 (1994)
PubMed
76) Kulynych JJ, Vlader K, Fantie BD:Normal asymmetry of the planum temporale in patients with schizophrenia;Three-dimensional cortical morphometry with MRI. Br J Psychiatry 166:742-749(1995)
 
77) Kulynych JJ, Vlader K, Jones DW, et al:Superior temporal gyrus volume in schizophrenia;a study using MRI morphometry assisted by surface rendering. Am J Psychiatry 153:50-56(1996)
 
78) 倉知正佳, 鈴木道雄:精神疾患の脳画像解析-精神分裂病を中心に. 精神医学レビューNo 21, 精神疾患の脳イメージング, 融道男(編) , pp 5-22, ライフ・サイエンス, 東京 (1996)
 
79) 黒川賢造, 濱岡 格, 殿谷康博ほか:精神分裂病の経過類型. 精神科治療学 (印刷中)
 
80) Kwon JS, Shenton ME, Hirayasu Y, et al:MRI study of carum septi pellucidi in schizophrenia, affective disorder, and schizotypal disorder. Am J Psychiatry 155:509-515(1998)
 
81) Lawrie SM, Ingle GT, Santosh CG, et al:Magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission tomography in treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 167:202-210(1995)
 
82) Lawrie SM, Abukmeil SS:Brain abnormality in schizophrenia;A systematic quantitative review of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies. Br J Psychiatry 172:110-120(1998)
 
83) Lewis SW:Computerized tomography in schizophrenia;15 years on. Br J Psychiatry 157 (suppl 9) :16-24(1990)
 
84) Liddle PF:The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia;A re-examination of the positive-negative dichotomy. Br J Psychiatry 151:145-151(1987)
PubMed
85) Lieberman J, Bogerts B, Degreef G, et al:Qualitative assessment of brain morphology in acute and chronic schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 149:784-794(1992)
 
86) Lim KO, Pfefferbaum A:Segmentation of MR brain images into cerebrospinal fluid spaces, white and gray matter. J Comput Assist Tomogr 13:588-593 (1989)
PubMed
87) Lim KO, Tew W, Kushner M, et al:Cortical gray matter volume deficit in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 153:1548-1553(1996)
 
88) Maher BA, Manschreck TC, Woods BT, et al:Frontal brain volume and context effects in short-term recall in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 37:144-150 (1995)
PubMed
89) Marsh L, Harris D, Lim KO, et al:Structural magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in men with severe chronic schizophrenia and an early age at clinical onset. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:1104-1112 (1997)
 
90) 松井三枝, 倉知正佳:精神分裂病患者の聴覚性文章記憶と視覚性図形記憶. 精神医学 34:609-613(1992)
 
91) McCarley RW, Faux SF, Shenton ME, et al:CT abnormalities in schizophrenia;a preliminary study of their correlations with P300/P200 electrophysiological features and positive/negative symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:698-708(1989)
 
92) McCreadie RG, Scottish Schizophrenia Research Group, MacDolald HL, et al:The Scottish first episode schizophrenia study. VI. Computerised tomography brain scans in patients and controls. Br J Psychiatry 154:492-498(1989)
 
93) Mednick SA, Parnas J, Schulsinger F:The Copenhagen high-risk project, 1962-1986. Schizophr Bull 13:485-495(1987)
 
94) Menton RR, Barta PE, Aylward EH, et al:Posterior superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia;grey matter changes and clinical correlates. Schizophr Res 16:127-135(1995)
 
95) Mozley PD, Gur RE, Resnick SM, et al:Magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia;relationship with clinical measures. 12:195-203(1994)
 
96) 森 光一, 吉田 寿, 利波修一ほか:3D-MR撮像法による脳MRI画像の評価. 日本放射線技術学会第53回総会学術大会予稿集, p 133, 横浜(1997)
 
97) Murray RM, Lewis SW, Reveley AM:Towards an aetiological classification of schizophrenia. Lancet i:1023-1026(1985)
 
98) Nair TR, Christensen JD, Kingsbury SJ, et al:Progression of cerebroventricular enlargement and the subtyping of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 74:141-150(1997)
 
99) Nasrallah HA, Olsen SC, McCalley-Whitters M, et al:Cerebral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:157-159(1986)
 
100) Nelson MD, Saykin AJ, Flashman LA, et al:Hippocampal volume reduction in schizophrenia as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55:433-440(1998)
 
101) Nestor PG, Shenton ME, McCarley RW, et al:Neuropsychological correlates of MRI temporal lobe abnormalities in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 150:1849-1855(1993)
 
102) Noga JT, Aylward E, Barta PE, et al:Cingulate gyrus in schizophrenic patients and normal volunteers. Psychiatry Res 61:201-208(1995)
 
103) Noga JT, Bartley AJ, Jones DW, et al:Cortical gyral anatomy and gross brain dimensions in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 22:27-40(1996)
 
104) Nopoulos P, Torres I, Flaum M, et al:Brain morphology in first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 152:1721-1723(1995)
 
105) Nopoulos P, Flaum M, Andreasen NC:Sex differences in brain morphology in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 154:1648-1654(1997)
 
106) Ohnuma T, Kimura M, Takahashi T, et al:A magnetic resonance imaging study in first-episode disorganized-type patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 51:9-15(1997)
 
107) Ota T, Maeshiro H, Ishido H, et al:Treatment resistant chronic psychopathology and CT scans in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 75:415-427(1987)
 
108) Pearlson GD, Petty RG, Ross CA, et al:Schizophrenia;a disease of heteromodal association cortex ? Neuropsychopharmacology 14:1-17(1996)
 
109) Pearlson GD, Barta PE, Powers RE, et al:Medial and superior temporal gyral volumes and cerebral asymmetry in schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 41:1-14(1997)
 
110) Persaud R, Russow H, Harvey I, et al:Focal signal hyperintensities in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 27:55-64(1997)
 
111) Petty R, Barta PE, Pearlson GD, et al:Reversal of asymmetry of the planum temporale in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 152:715-721(1995)
 
112) Pfefferbaum A, Zipursky RB, Lim KO, et al:Computed tomographic evidence for generalized sulcal and ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:633-640(1988)
 
113) Pillowsky B, Juliano DM, Bigelow LB, et al:Stability of CT scan findings in schizophrenia;results of an 8 year follow-up study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 51:209-213(1988)
 
114) Portas CM, Goldstein JM, Shenton ME, et al:Volumetric evaluation of thalamus in schizophrenic male patients using magnetic resonance imaging. Biol Psychiatry 43:649-659(1998)
 
115) Raine A:Pre-frontal structural and functional deficits associated with individual differences in schizotypal personality. Schizophr Res 7:237-247(1992)
 
116) Rapoport JL, Giedd J, Kumra S, et al:Childhood-onset schizophrenia; Progressive ventricular change during adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:897-903(1997)
 
117) Reveley AM, Reveley MA, Murray RM:Cerebral ventricular enlargement in non-genetic schizophrenia;A controlled twin study. Br J Psychiatry 144:89-93 (1984)
PubMed
118) Roberts GW:Schizophrenia;A neuropathological perspective. Br J Psychiatry 158:8-17(1991)
 
119) Rossi A, Stratta P, Mancini F, et al:Magnetic resonance imaging findings of amygdala-anterior hippocampus shrinkage in male patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 52:43-53(1994)
 
120) 齋藤 治, 萩野宏文, 四衢 崇ほか:発達障害における情動, 記憶, および認知の神経機構;神経画像研究(第2報) . 平成9年度厚生省精神・神経疾患研究委託費研究会抄録集, p 1, 東京(1997)
 
121) Saykin AJ, Gur RC, Gur RE, et al:Neuropsychological function in schizophrenia; Selective impairment in memory and learning. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:618-624(1991)
 
122) Saykin AJ, Shtasel DL, Gur RE, et al:Neuropsychological deficits in neuroleptic naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:124-131(1994)
PubMed
123) Schlaepfer TE, Harris GJ, Tien AY, et al:Decreased regional cortical gray matter volume in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 151:842-848(1994)
 
124) Schwatz JM, Aylward E, Barta P, et al:Sylvianfissure size in schizophrenia measured with the magnetic resonance imaging rating protocol of the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 149:1195-1198(1992)
 
125) Seidman LJ, Yurgelum-Todd D, Kremen WS, et al:Relationship of prefrontal and temporal lobe MRI measures to neuropsychological performance in chronic schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 35:235-246(1994)
 
126) Seidman LJ, Faraone SV, Goldstein JM, et al:Reduced subcortical brain volumes in nonpsychotic siblings of schizophrenic patients;a pilot magnetic resonance imaging study. Am J Med Genet 74:507-514(1997)
 
127) Sheline YI, Black KJ, Lin DY, et al:Stereological MRI volumetry of the frontal lobe. Psychiatry Res;Neuroimaging 67:203-214(1996)
 
128) Shelton R, Karson CN, Doran AR, et al:Cerebral structural pathology in schizophrenia;evidence for a selective prefrontal cortical defect. Am J Psychiatry 145:154-163(1988)
 
129) Shenton ME, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA, et al:Abnormalities of the left temporal lobe and thought disorder in schizophrenia;A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. N Engl J Med 327:604-612(1992)
 
130) Shihabuddin L, Buchobaum MS, Hazlett EA, et al:Dorsal striatal size, shape, and metabolic rate in never-medicated and previously medicated schizophrenics performing a verbal learning task. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55:235-243(1998)
 
131) 島田均, 永山素男, 堀 彰:慢性精神分裂病の臨床的特徴と頭部CT所見-重症群と軽症群の比較(第2報) . 精神医学32:979-986(1990)
 
132) Shioiri T, Oshitani Y, Kato T, et al:Prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum detected by MRI in patients with bipolar disorder, major depression and schizophrenia. Psychol Med 26:431-434(1996)
 
133) Siever LJ:Lateral ventricular enlargement in schizotypal disorder. Psychiatry Res 57:109-118(1995)
 
134) Smith GN, Lacono WG, Morean M, et al:Choice of comparison group and findings of computerised tomography in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 153:667-674 (1988)
 
135) Suddath RL, Christison GW, Torrey EF, et al:Anatomical abnormalities in the brains of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 322:789-794(1990)
 
136) Sullivan EV, Mathalon DH, Lim KO, et al:Patterns of regional cortical dysmorphology distinguishing schizophrenia and chronic alcoholism. Biol Psychiatry 43:118-131(1998)
 
137) 鈴木道雄, 倉知正佳:精神分裂病の画像解析. 精神医学35:458-471(1993)
 
138) 鈴木道雄, 孫 月吉, 倉知正佳ほか:分裂病型障害患者の脳の形態について;分裂病患者との比較-頭部X線CTによる予備的検討. 北陸精神経誌11:19-24 (1997)
 
139) 高橋 良, 佐藤時次郎, 大熊輝雄ほか:精神分裂病のCTスキャンによる研究-多施設共同研究. 精神医学26:251-264(1984)
 
140) Tien AY, Eaton WW, Schaepfer TE, et al:Exploratory factor analysis of MRI brain structure measures in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 19:93-101(1996)
 
141) Torres IJ, Flashman LA, O'Leary DS, et al:Lack of an association between delayed memory and hippocampal and temporal lobe size in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Biol Psychiatry 42:1087-1096(1997)
 
142) Toyoshima R, Ota T, Aikawa H, et al:Exploratory data analysis to identify subtypes of pathophysiology in schizophrenia;support of the coexisting three-syndrome concept. The Biology of Schizophrenia, Moroji T, Yamamoto K (ed) , pp 25-37, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1994)
 
143) Turetsky B, Cowell PE, Gur RC, et al:Frontal and temporal lobe brain volumes in schizophrenia;Relationship to symptoms and clinical subtype. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:1061-1070(1995)
 
144) 上原 隆, 倉知正佳, 住吉太幹:精神分裂病の神経発達障害に基づく動物モデル. 脳の科学20:185-194(1998)
 
145) 内野 純, 中根允文, 太田保之:精神分裂病のCT所見とPSE所見-特に前頭葉について. 臨床精神医学14:1461-1470(1985)
 
146) 内野 純, 中根允文, 太田保之:頭部X線CT像-精神分裂病. 臨床精神医学17:729-735 (1988)
 
147) Vita A, Giobbio GM, Garrarini M, et al:Prognostic value of ventricular enlargement in acute schizophrenic disorder. Lancet 338:1458(1991)
 
148) Vita A, Dieci M, Giobbio GM, et al:Language and thought disorder in schizophrenia;brain morphological correlates. Schizophr Res 15:243-251(1995)
 
149) Walker EF, Lewine RRJ, Neumann C:Childhood behavioral characteristics and adult brain morphology in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 22:93-101 (1996)
 
150) Watson C, Andermann F, Gloor P, et al:Anatomic basis of amygadaloid and hippocampal volume measurement by magnetic resonance imaging. Neurology 42:1743-1750(1992)
 
151) Weinberger DR, Torrey EF, Neophytides AN, et al:Lateral cerebral ventricular enlargement in chronic schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 36:735-739(1979)
 
152) Weinberger DR, Torrey EF, Neophytides AN, et al:Structural abnormalities in the cerebral cortex of chronic schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 36:935-939 (1979)
PubMed
153) Weinberger DR, DeLisi LE, Perman GP, et al:Computed tomography in schizophreniform disorder and other acute psychiatric disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39:778-783 (1982)
PubMed
154) Weinberger DR, Berman KF, Suddath R, et al:Evidence of dysfunction of a prefrontal-limbic network in schizophrenia;a magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral blood flow study of discordant monozygotic twins. Am J Psychiatry 149:890-897 (1992)
PubMed
155) Wible CG, Shenton ME, Hokama H, et al:Prefrontal cortex and schizophrenia; A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:279-288 (1995)
PubMed
156) Woods BT, Yurgelum-Todd D, Benes FM, et al:Progressive ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia;comparison to bipolar affective disorder and correlation with clinical course. Biol Psychiatry 27:341-352(1990)
 
157) Woody RC, Bolgard K, Eisenhauer G, et al:CT scan and MR findings in a child with schizophrenia. J Child Neurol 2:107-110 (1987)
 
158) Wright IC, McGuire PK, Poline JB, et al:A voxel-based method for the statistical analysis of grey and white matter density applied to schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2:244-252 (1995)
 
159) 頼藤和寛, 南 克昌, 山田悦秀ほか:精神分裂病のCT脳萎縮所見-精神分裂病とCT(2) . 精神経誌82:169-181 (1980)
 
160) 四衢 崇, 齋藤 治, 萩野宏文ほか:高解像度3D-MRIを用いた精神分裂病患者における側脳室の定量的検討;予備的報告. 第20回日本生物学的精神医学会講演抄録, p 84, 北九州 (1998)
 
161) Yuasa S, Kurachi M, Suzuki M, et al:Clinical symptoms and regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 246:7-12 (1995)
PubMed
162) Zipursky RB, Lim K, Sullivan E, et al:Widespread cerebral gray matter volume deficits in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:195-205 (1992)
PubMed
163) Zipursky RB, Marsh L, Lim KO, et al:Volumetric MRI assessment of temporal lobe structures in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 35:501-516 (1994)
PubMed
164) Zipursky RB, Seeman MV, Buny A, et al:Deficits in gray matter volume are present in schizophrenia but not bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res 26:85-92 (1997)
 
165) Zipursky RB, Zhang-Wong J, Lambe EK, et al:MRI correlates of treatment response in first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 30:81-91 (1998)
PubMed
P.276 掲載の参考文献
1) Andreasen NC, Carson R, Diksic M, et al:Workshop on schizophrenia, PET, and dopamine D2 receptors in the human neostriatum. Schizophr Bull 14:471-484 (1988)
PubMed
2) Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Flaum M, et al:Hypofrontality in schizophrenia;Distributed dysfunctional circuits in neuroleptic-naive patients. Lancet 349:1730-1734 (1997)
PubMed
3) Andreasen NC, Rezai K, Alliger R, et al:Hypofrontality in neuroleptic-naive patients and in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Assessment with xenon 133 single-photon emission computed tomography and the Tower of London. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:943-958 (1992)
 
4) Ashby CR, Wang RY:Pharmacological actions of the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine;A review. Synapse 24:349-394 (1995)
 
5) Berman KF, Torrey EF, Daniel DG, et al:Regional cerebral blood flow in monozygotic twins discordant and concordant for schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:927-934 (1992)
PubMed
6) Breier A, Malhotra AK, Pinals DA, et al:Association of ketamine-induced psychosis with focal activation of the prefrontal cortex in healthy volunteers. Am J Psychiatry 154:805-811 (1997)
PubMed
7) Breier A, Su T-P, Saunders R, et al:Schizophrenia is associated with elevated amphetamine-induced synaptic dopamine concentrations;evidence from a novel positron emission tomography method. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:2569-2574 (1997)
PubMed
8) Cleghorn JM, France S, Szechtman BA, et al:Toward a brain map of auditory hallucinations. Am J Psychiatry 149:1062-1069 (1992)
 
9) Creutzfeldt O, Ojemann G, Lettich E:Neuronal activity in the human lateral temporal lobe. II. Responses to the subjects own voice. Exp Brain Res 77:476-489 (1989)
 
10) Daniel DG, Weinberger DR, Jones DW, et al:The effect of amphetamine on regional cerebral blood flow during cognitive activation in schizophrenia. J Neurosci 11:1907-1917(1991)
PubMed
11) DaoCastellana MH, PaillereMartinot ML, Hantraye P, et al:Presynaptic dopaminergic function in the striatum of schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res 23:167-174 (1997)
 
12) Dolan RJ, Fletcher P, Frith CD, et al:Dopaminergic modulation of impaired cognitive activation in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Nature 378:180-182 (1995)
PubMed
13) Farde L, Nordstrom AL, Wiesel FA, et al:Positron emission tomographic analysis of central D1 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in patients treated with classical neuroleptics and clozapine. Relation to extrapyramidal side effects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:538-544 (1992)
PubMed
14) Farde L, Wiesel FA, Halldin C, et al:Central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy in schizophrenic patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:71-76 (1988)
PubMed
15) Farde L, Wiesel FA, Stone-Elander S, et al:D2 dopamine receptors in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients. A positron emission tomography study with[11C]raclopride. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:213-219 (1990)
PubMed
16) Frith C:Functional imaging and cognitive abnormalities. Lancet 346:615-620 (1995)
PubMed
17) Fuster JM:The Prefrontal Cortex (3rd ed) . Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia (1997)
 
18) Halldin C, Farde L, Hogberg T, et al:Carbon-11-FLB 457;a radioligand for extrastriatal D2 dopamine receptors. J Nucl Med 36:1275-1281 (1995)
PubMed
19) Hietala J, Syvalahti E, Vuorio K, et al:Striatal D2 dopamine receptor characteristics in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients studied with apositron emission tomography. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:116-123 (1994)
PubMed
20) Hietala J, Syvalahti E, Vuorio K, et al:Presynaptic dopamine function in striatum of neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients. Lancet 346:1130-1131 (1995)
 
21) Holcomb HH, Cascella NG, Thaker GK, et al:Functional sites of neuroleptic drug action in the human brain;PET/FDG studies with and without haloperidol. Am J Psychiatry 153:41-49 (1996)
PubMed
22) Kapur S, Remington G:Serotonin-dopamine interaction and its relevance to schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 153:466-476 (1996)
PubMed
23) Kapur S, Remington G, Zipursky RB, et al:The D2 dopamine receptor occupancy of risperidone and its relationship to extrapyramidal symptoms;a PET study. Life Sci 57:PL103-107(1995)
 
24) Lahti AC, Holcomb HH, Medoff DR, et al:Ketamine activates psychosis and alters limbic blood flow in schizophrenia. Neuroreport 6:869-872(1995)
PubMed
25) Lahti RA, Roberts RC, Conley RR, et al:D2-type dopamine receptors in postmortem human brain sections from normal and schizophrenic subjects. Neuroreport 7:1945-1948(1996)
PubMed
26) Laruelle M, Abi-Dargham A, VanDyck CH, et al:Single photon emission computerized tomography imaging of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in drug-free schizophrenic subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:9235-9240(1996)
 
27) Liddle PF, Friston KJ, Frith CD, et al:Patterns of cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 160:179-186(1992)
 
28) McGuire PK, Shah GMS, Murray RM:Increased blood flow in Broca's area during auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Lancet 342:703-706(1993)
 
29) McGuire PK, Silbersweig DA, Wright I, et al:Abnormal monitoring of inner speech;a physiological basis for auditory hallucinations. Lancet 346:596-600(1995)
PubMed
30) Miller DD, Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, et al:Effect of antipsychotics on regional cerebral blood flow measured with positron emission tomography. Neuropsychopharmacology 17:230-240(1997)
 
31) Mulcrone J, Kerwin RW:No difference in the expression of the D4 gene in post-mortem frontal cortex from controls and schizophrenics. Neurosci Lett 219:163-166(1996)
PubMed
32) Murray AM, Hyde TM, Knable MB, et al:Distribution of putative D4 dopamine receptors in postmortem striatum from patients with schizophrenia. J Neurosci 15:2186-2191(1995)
PubMed
33) Nordstrom AL, Farde L, Wieawl FA, et al:Central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy in relation to antipsychotic drug effects;a double-blind PET study of schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 33:227-235(1993)
 
34) Nordstrom AL, Farde L, Nyberg S, et al:D1, D2, and 5HT2 receptor occuapancy in relation to clozapine serum concentration;a PET study of schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 152:1444-1449(1995)
 
35) Nyberg S, Farde L, Eriksson L, et al:5-HT2 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in the living human brain. A PET study with risperidone. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 110:265-272(1993)
 
36) Nyberg S, Farde L, Halldin C:A PET study of 5-HT2 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy induced by olanzapine in healthy subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 16:1-7(1997)
PubMed
37) Okubo Y, Suhara T, Suzuki K, et al:Decreased prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors in schizophrenia revealed by PET. Nature 385:634-636(1997)
 
38) Sanyal S, VanTol HHM:Review the role of dopamine D4 receptors in schizophrenia and antipsychotic action. J Psychiatr Res 31:219-232(1997)
 
39) Sawaguchi T, Goldman-Rakic PS:D1 dopamine receptors in prefrontal cortex;involvement in working memory. Science 251:947-950(1991)
PubMed
40) Seeman P:Dopamine receptor sequences;therapeutic levels of neuroleptics occupy D2 receptors, clozapine occupies D4. Neuropsychopharmacology 7:261-284(1992)
 
41) Seeman P, Guan H-C, VanTol HHM:Dopamine D4 receptors elevated in schizophrenia. Nature 365:441-445(1993)
 
42) Silbersweig DA, Stern E, Frith C, et al:A functional neuroanatomy of hallucinations in schizophrenia. Nature 378:176-179(1995)
 
43) Smith GS, Dewey SL, Brodie JD, et al:Serotonergic modulation of dopamine measured with [C-11] raclopride and PET in normal human subjects. Am J Psychiatry 154:490-496(1997)
 
44) 須原哲也, 須藤康彦:画像研究. 臨床精神医学25(4) :431-441(1996)
 
45) 須原哲也, 須藤康彦, 大久保善朗:PET/SPECTによる精神分裂病の神経伝達物質受容体研究. 精神科診断学7(2) :183-205(1996)
 
46) 須原哲也:受容体-情報伝達系の脳画像解析からみた精神疾患の病態と向精神薬の薬理. 生物学的精神医学, 日本生物学的精神医学会(編) , Vol 14脳シグナル カスケードと精神疾患, pp 109-134, 学会出版センター, 東京(1997)
 
47) Tiihonen J, Kuoppamaki M, Nagren K, et al:Serotonergic modulation of striatal D2 dopamine receptor binding in humans measured with positron emission tomography. Psychopharmacology 126:277-280(1996)
PubMed
48) Villringer A, Dirnagl U:Coupling of brain activity and cerebral blood flow; Basis of functional neuroimaging. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 7:240-276(1995)
 
49) Weinberger DR:Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:660-669(1987)
 
50) Weinberger DR, Berman KF, Zac RF:Physiologic dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. I. Regional cerebral blood flow evidence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:126-135(1986)
 
51) Wolkin A, Barouche F, Wolf AP, et al:Dopamine blockade and clinical response;evidence for two biological subgroups of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 146:905-908(1989)
 
52) Wong DF, Wagner HN Jr, Tune LE, et al:Positron emission tomography reveals elevated D2 dopamine receptors in drug-naive schizophrenics [published erratum appears in Science 1987 Feb 6;235(4789) :623]. Science 234:1558-1563(1986)
 
P.288 掲載の参考文献
1) Atkinson RC, Shiffrin RM:Human memory;A proposed system and its control process. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation;Advance in Research and Theory, Vol 2, Spence KW, Spence JT(ed) , pp 89-195, Academic Press, New York(1968)
 
2) Baddeley A, Hitch GJ:Working memory. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation;Advance in Research and Theory, Vol 8, Bower GH(ed) , pp 47-90, Academic Press, New York(1974)
 
3) Baddeley A:Working Memory. Oxford Univ Press, London(1986)
 
4) Baddeley A, Della Sala S:Working memory and executive control. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 351:1397-1404(1996)
 
5) Baddeley A:Human Memory;Theory and Practice. Psychology Press, Erlbaum Tayler & Fraicis, London(1997)
 
6) Caramazza A, Capasso R, Meceli G:The role of the graphemic buffer in reading. Cognitive Neuropsychol 13:673-689(1966)
 
7) Carter C, Robertson L, Nordahl T, et al:Spatial working memory deficits and their relationship to negative symptoms in unmedicated schizophrenia patients. Biol Psychiatry 40:930-932(1996)
PubMed
8) Condray R, Steinhauer SR, van Kammen DP, et al:Working memory capacity predicts language comprehension in schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res 20:1-13(1996)
 
9) Courtney SM, Ungerleider LC, Keil K, et al:Object and spatial visual working memory activates separate neural systems in human cortex. Cereb Cortex 6:39-49(1996)
 
10) D'Esposite M, Detre JA, Alsop DC et al:The neural basis of the central executive system of working memory. Nature 378:279-281(1995)
 
11) Duffy L, O'Carroll R:Memory impairment in schizophrenia;A comparison with that observed in the alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome. Psychol Med 24:115-165(1994)
 
12) Eysenck MW:The Blackwell Dictionary of Congnitive Psychology. pp 372-375, Blackwell Publisher, Oxford(1990/1994)
 
13) Flemming K, Goldberg TE, Gold JM:Applying working memory constructs to schizophrenic cognitive impairment. The Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia, David A, Cutting J(ed) , pp 197-213, Lawrence Erlbaum, East Sussex (1994)
 
14) Flemming K, Goldberg TE, Binks S, et al:Visuospatial working memory in patient with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 41:43-49(1997)
 
15) Flor-Henry P:Psychosis and temporal epilepsy. Epilepsia 10:363-395(1969)
 
16) Funahashi S, Bruce CJ, Goldman-Rakic PS:Visuospatial coding in primate prefrontal neurons revealed by oculomoter paradigms. J Neurophysiol 63:814-831 (1990)
 
17) Funahashi S, Bruce CJ, Goldman-Rakic PS:Neuronal activity related to saccadic eye movements in the monkey's dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. J Neurophysiol 65:1464-1483(1991)
 
18) 船橋新太郎:ワーキングメモリー. 神経進歩37:44-55(1993)
 
19) Gold JM, Carpenter C, Randolph C, et al:Auditory working memory and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:159-165(1997)
 
20) Goldberg TE, Torrey EF, Gold JM, et al:Learning and memory in monozygotic twins discordant for shizophrenia. Psychol Med 623:71-85(1993)
 
21) Goldman-Rakic PS:Circuity of primate prefrontal cortex and regulation of behavior by representational memory. The Nervous System, Higher Function of Brain, Handbook of Physiology, Vol 5, Plum F, Mountcastle V(ed) , pp 373-417, American Physiological Society, Bethesda(1987)
 
22) Goldman-Rakic PS:Prefrontal cortical dysfunction of schizophrenia;The relevance of working memory. Psychopathology and the Brain, Bernard J, James E (ed) , pp 1-23, Raven Press, New York(1991)
 
23) Goldman-Rakic PS:Working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia. J Neuro-psychiatry Clin Neurosci 6:348-357(1994)
 
24) Goldman-Rakic PS, Selemon LD:Functional and anatomical aspects of prefrontal pathology in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 23:437-458(1997)
 
25) Green MF:Cognitive remediation in schizophrenia;Is it time yet?Am J Psychiatry 150:178-187(1993)
 
26) Gruzelier J, Seymour K, Wilson L, et al:Impairment on neuropsychologic tests of temporohippocampal and frontohippocampal functions and word frequency in remitting schizophrenia and affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:623-629(1988)
PubMed
27) Javitt DC, Strous RD, Cowan N:Impaired precision, but normal retention of auditory sensory (echoic) memory information in schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol 1066:315-324(1997)
 
28) Just MA, Carpenter PA:A capacity theory of comprehension;Individual differences in working memory. Psychol Rev 99:122-149(1992)
PubMed
29) 鹿島晴雄, 加藤元一郎, 半田貴士:慢性分裂病の前頭葉機能に関する神経心理学的検討-Wisconsin Card Sorting Test新修正法による結果, 臨床精神医学14:1479-1489 (1985)
 
30) Kashima H:Frontal dysfunction of chronic schizophrenia;pros and cons in neuropsychological assessment. Jpn J Neuropsychopharmacol 11:83-88 (1991)
 
31) 鹿島晴雄, 加藤元一郎:前頭葉機能検査-障害の形式と評価法. 神経進歩37:93-110 (1993)
 
32) 鹿島晴雄:前頭葉とawarenessの障害-特にimpaired verbal regulationとの関連について. 失語症研究15:181-187(1995)
 
33) 鹿島晴雄, 村松太郎, 坂村 雄ほか:精神分裂病とworking memoryの障害. 臨床精神医学25:419-429(1996)
 
34) Kato M, Kashima H, Yoshino F:Disorder of concept formation in frontal damaged patients with good performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 15:405(1993)
 
35) 加藤元一郎:随意性注意の障害-反応選択とSupervisory Attentional Control. 神経心理学11:70-84(1995)
 
36) 加藤元一郎, 鹿島晴雄:前頭葉機能検査と損傷局在. 神経心理学12:80-98 (1996)
 
37) Logie RH:Visuo-spatial Working Memory. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hove(1995)
 
38) Maher BA, Manschreck TC, Woods BT, et al:Frontal brain volume and context effects in short-term recall in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 37:144-150(1995)
PubMed
39) Mizuno M, Kato M, Sartori G, et al:Performance characteristics of chronic schizophrenics on attention tests sensitive to unilateral brain damage. J Nerv Ment Dis 185:427-433(1997)
 
40) O'Donnell BF, Swearer JM, Smith LT, et al:Selective deficits in visual perception and recognition in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 153:687-692(1996)
 
41) Okubo Y, Suhara T, Suzuki K, et al:Decreased prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors in schizophrenia revealed by PET. Nature 385:634-636(1997)
 
42) 苧阪満里子, 苧阪直行:読みとワーキングメモリー容量-日本語版リーディングスパンテストによる測定. Jpn J Psychol 65:339-345(1994)
 
43) Park S, Holzman PS:Schizophrenics show spatial working memory deficits. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:975-982(1992)
 
44) Park S, Holzman PS:Association of working memory deficit and eye tracking dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 11:55-61(1993)
 
45) Park S, Holzman PS, Goldman-Rakic PS:Spatial working memory deficits in the relatives of schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:821-828(1995)
 
46) Rabin AI:Test score patterns in schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic states. J Psychol 12:91-100(1941)
 
47) 坂村 雄, 三村 将, 加藤元一郎ほか:精神分裂病における作動記憶の検討. 失語症研究18:24(1998)
 
48) Spitzer M, Braun U, Hermle L, et al:Associative semantic network dysfunction in thought disordered schizophrenic patients;Direct evidence from indirect semantic priming. Biol Psychiatry 34:864-877(1993)
 
49) Stengel E:Speech disorders and mental disorders. Disorders of Language " Chiba Foundation Symposium", pp 285-298, J & A Churchill, London(1964)
 
50) Strous RD, Cowan N, Riter W, et al:Auditory sensory (echoic) memory dysfunction in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 152:1517-1519(1995)
 
51) Tamlin D, McKenna PJ, Mortimer AM, et al:Memory impairment in schizophrenia; Its extent, affiliational and neuropsychological character. Psychol Med 22:101-115(1992)
 
52) Williams GV, Goldman-Rakic PS:Modulation of memory fields by dopamine D1 receptors in prefrontal cortex. Nature 376:572-575(1995)
 
53) Wilson FAW, Scalaidhe SPO, Goldman-Rakic PS:Dissociation of object and spatial processing domains in primate prefrontal cortex, Science 260:1955-1958(1993)
 

症状

P.307 掲載の参考文献
1) American psychiatric Association:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition. American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC(1980) -高橋三郎, 花田耕一, 藤縄 昭(訳) :DSM-III精神障害の分類と診断の手引. 医学書院, 東京(1982)
 
2) American Psychiatric Association:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition-Revised. American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC(1987) -高橋三郎, 花田耕一, 藤縄 昭(訳) :DSM-III-R精神障害の分類と診断の手引. 医学書院, 東京(1988)
 
3) American Psychiatric Association:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC(1994) -高橋三郎, 大野 裕, 染矢俊幸(訳) :DSM-IV精神障害の分類と診断の手引. 医学書院, 東京(1995)
 
4) Andreasen NC, Arndt S, Alliger R, et al:Symptoms of schizophrenia; methods, meanings, and mechanisms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:341-351(1995)
 
5) Arndt S, Andreasen NC, Flaum M, et al:A longitudinal study of symptom dimensions in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:352-360(1995)
 
6) 安 克昌, 山口直彦:分裂病発病後に出現した強迫症状について. 分裂病の精神病理と治療3, 中井久夫(編) , pp 139-168, 星和書店, 東京(1991)
 
7) Battaglia M, Bollodi L:Familial risks and reproductive fitness in the schizophrenia spectrum. Schizophr Bull 22:191-195(1996)
 
8) Beiser M, Erickson D, Fleming JAE, et al:Establishing the onset of psychotic illness. Am J Psychiatry 150:1349-1354(1993)
 
9) Bell RQ:Multiple-risk cohorts and segmenting risk as solutions to the problem of false positives in risk for the major psychoses. Psychiatry 55:370-381 (1992)
PubMed
10) Birchwood M, McGorry P, Jackson H:Early intervention in schizophrenia. Br J psychiatry 170:2-5(1997)
 
11) Birchwood M, Smith J, McMillan JF, et al:Predicting relapse in schizophrenia;the development and implementation of an early signs monitoring system using patients and families as observers;a preliminary investigation. Psychol Med 19:649-656(1989)
 
12) Bleuler E:Dementia praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien. Deuticke, Leipzig(1911) -飯田 真ほか(訳) :早発性痴呆または精神分裂病群. 医学書院, 東京(1974)
 
13) Cameron DE:Early schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 95:567-578(1938)
 
14) Cannon-Spoor HE, Potkin SG, Wyatt RJ:Measurement of premorbid adjustment in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 8:470-484(1982)
PubMed
15) Carpenter WT, Heinrichs DW, Wagman AMI:Deficit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia;the concept. Am J Psychiatry 145:578-583(1988)
 
16) Castle DJ, Murray RM:The neurodevelopmental basis of sex differences in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 21:565-575(1991)
PubMed
17) Castle DJ, Wessely S, Murray RM:Sex and schizophrenia;effects of diagnostic stringency, and associations with premorbid variables. Br J Psychiatry 162:658-664(1993)
PubMed
18) Chapman J:The early symptoms of schizophrenia. Br J psychiatry 112:225-251 (1966)
PubMed
19) Chapman J:Visual imagery and motor phenomena in acute schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 113:771-778(1967)
 
20) Chapman LJ, Edell WS, Chapman JP:Physical anhedonia, perceptual aberration, and psychosis proneness. Schizophr Bull 6:639-653(1980)
 
21) Ciompi L:The dynamics of complex biological-psychosocial systems;four fundamental psycho-biological mediators in the long-term evolution of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 155(suppl 5) :15-21(1989)
 
22) Conrad K:Die beginnende Schizophrenie. Georg Thieme, Berlin(1958) -山口 直彦, 安 克昌, 中井久夫(訳) :分裂病のはじまり. 岩崎学術出版社, 東京 (1994)
 
23) Crick F, Koch C:Constraints on cortical and thalamic projections;the no-strong-loop hypothesis. Nature 391:245-250(1998)
 
24) Crow TJ:Molecular pathology of schizophrenia;more than one disease process? Br Med J 280:66-68 (1980)
PubMed
25) Crow TJ:Sexual selection, Machiavellian intelligence, and the origins of psychosis. Lancet 342:594-598(1993)
 
26) Crow TJ:A Darwinian approach to the origins of psychosis. Br J psychiatry 167:12-25(1995)
 
27) Cutting J:The Psychology of Schizophrenia. Churchill Livingstone, New York(1985)
 
28) Dalkin T, Murphy P, Glazebrook C, et al:Premorbid personality in first-onset psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 164:202-207(1994)
 
29) Docherty JP, Van Kammen DP, Siris SG, et al:Stages of onset of schizophrenic psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 135:420-426(1978)
 
30) Falloon IRH:Early intervention for first episodes of schizophrenia;a preliminary exploration. Psychiatry 55:4-15(1992)
 
31) Foerster A, Lewis S, Owen M, et al:Pre-morbid adjustment and personality in psychosis;effects of sex and diagnosis. Br J Psychiatry 158:171-176(1991)
PubMed
32) Frith CD, Frith U:Elective affinities in schizophrenia and childhood autism. Social Psychiatry;Theory, Methodology, and Practice, pp 65-88, Transaction, New Brunswick (NJ) (1991)
 
33) Gannon PJ, Holloway RL, Broadfield DC, et al:Asymmetry of chimpanzee planum temporale;humanlike pattern of Wernicke's brain language area homolog. Science 279:220-222(1998)
 
34) Gross G:Prodrome und Vorpostensyndrome schizophrener Erkrankungen. Schizophrenie und Zyklothymie;Ergebnisse und Probleme, Huber G (hrsg) , Georg Thieme, Stuttgart(1969) -保崎秀夫ほか(訳) :精神病の前駆症と前哨症状群;精神分裂病と躁うつ病-臨床経験と問題点. pp 198-208, 医学書院東京 (1974)
 
35) Gupta S, Rajaprabhakaran R, Arndt S, et al:Premorbid adjustment as a predictor of phenomenological and neurobiological indices in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 16:189-197(1995)
 
36) Hafner H, Riecher-Roessler A, Hambrecht M, et al:IRAOS;an instrument for the assessment of onset and early course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 6:209-223(1992)
 
37) Hafner H, Maurer K, Loeffler W, et al:The influence of age and sex on the onset and early course of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 162:80-86(1993)
 
38) 原田誠一, 岡崎祐士:精神分裂病ハイリスク児研究と病前特徴の研究. 臨床精神医学講座, 中根允文ほか(編) , 第2巻 精神分裂病I, pp 97-115, 中山書店, 東京 (1999)
 
39) 原田誠, 岡崎祐士, 増井寛治ほか:精神分裂病患者の病前行動特徴. 精神医学29:705-715 (1987)
 
40) Herz MI, Melville C:Relapse in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 137:801-805 (1980)
PubMed
41) Hoch A:Constitutional factors in the dementia praecox group. Rev Neurol Psychiatry 8:463-473(1910)
 
42) Huber G:Verlaufsprobleme schizophrener Erkrankungen. Schweiz Arch Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr 101:346-368(1968)
 
43) Huber G:Prodrome der Schizophrenie. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 63:131-138(1995)
 
44) Jackson HJ, McGorry PD, Dakis J, et al:The inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities of prodromal symptoms in first-episode psychosis. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 30:498-504(1996)
 
45) Johnstone EC, Crow TJ, Johnson AL, et al:The Northwick Park Study of first episode schizophrenia. I. Presentation of the illness and problems relating to admission. Br J Psychiatry 148:115-120 (1986)
PubMed
46) 金澤耕介:精神分裂病の病前適応-PAS(Premorbid Adjustment Scale) による分析. 脳と精神の医学8:143-149(1997)
 
47) 笠原嘉:精神医学における人間学の方法. 精神医学10:5-19(1968)
 
48) Kendler KS, Diehl SR:The genetics schizophrenia;a current, genetic-epidemiologic perspective. Schizophr Bull 19:261-285(1993)
 
49) Kendler KS, McGuire M, Gruenberg AM, et al:Schizotypal symptoms and signs in the Roscommon Family Study;their factor structure and familial relationship with psychotic and affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:296-303(1995)
 
50) 木村 敏:分裂病の時間論-非分裂病性妄想病との対比において. 分裂病の精神病理3, 木村 敏(編) , pp 1-60, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1974)
 
51) 木村 敏:診断. 現代精神医学大系, 臺 弘ほか(編) , 第10巻A1 精神分裂病 Ia, pp 181-214, 中山書店, 東京(1981)
 
52) Kokes R, Strauss J, Klorman R:Premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia; concepts, measures, and implications. Part II. Measuring premorbid adjustment; the instruments and their development. Schizophr Bull 3:186-213 (1977)
 
53) Kraepelin E:Psychiatrie;ein Lehrbuch fuer Studierende und Aerzte, 6te Auflage, II Band, Klinische Psychiatrie. Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig(1899)
 
54) Kretschmer E:Korperbau und Charakter. Springer-Verlag, Berlin(1955) -相場 均(訳) :体格と性格文光堂, 東京(1960)
 
55) 倉知正佳:精神分裂病の前駆状態の診断. 最新精神医学3:33-38(1998)
 
56) Lenneberg EH:Biological Foundations of Language. John Wiley & Sons, New York(1967)
 
57) Levitt JJ, Shenton ME, McCarley RW, et al:Premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia;implications for psychosocial and ventricular pathology. Schizophr Res 12:159-168(1994)
 
58) Liddle PF:The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia;a re-examination of the positive-negative dichotomy. Br J Psychiatry 151:145-151(1987)
PubMed
59) Loebel AD, Lieberman JA, Alvir JMJ, et al:Duration of psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 149:1183-1188(1992)
 
60) 町山幸輝, 大橋秀夫:精神分裂病患者の病前行動特性. 臨床精神医学4:163-173 (1975)
 
61) 松本雅彦:分裂病と強迫症との関連について-主として文献的考察を中心にして. 精神科治療学7:1309-1320(1992)
 
62) Matsuzawa T:Field experiments on use of stone tools by chimpanzees in the wild. Chimpanzee Cultures, Wrangham RW, et al(ed) , pp 351-370, Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge(1994)
 
63) McGlashan TH, Johannessen JO:Early detection and intervention with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 22:201-222(1996)
 
64) McGorry PD, McFarlane C, Patton GC, et al:The prevalence of prodromal features of schizophrenia in adolescence;a preliminary survey. Acta Psychiatr Scand 92:241-249(1995)
 
65) Meehl PE:Schizotaxia revisited. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:935-944(1989)
 
66) 村上 仁:分裂病の精神症状論. 精神病理学論集I, pp 142-157, みすず書房, 東京 (1971)
 
67) 永田俊彦:分裂病の初期診断. 精神科治療学5:733-739(1990)
 
68) 中井久夫:分裂病の発病過程とその転導. 分裂病の精神病理3, 木村敏(編) , pp 1-60, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1974)
 
69) 中井久夫:奇妙な静けさとざわめきとひしめき-臨床的発病に直接先駆する一時期について. 分裂病の精神病理8, 中井久夫(編) , pp 261-297, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1979)
 
70) 中安信夫:初期分裂病. 星和書店, 東京(1990)
 
71) Norman RMG, Malla AK:Prodromal symptoms of relapse in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 21:527-539(1996)
 
72) 岡崎祐士:分裂病の発病前および発病後の行動特徴-その治療における意義. 精神科治療学5:1229-1238(1990)
 
73) Olin SS, Raine A, Cannon TD, et al:Childhood behavior precursors of schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophr Bull 23:93-103(1997)
PubMed
74) 大橋秀夫, 山田 康, 町山幸輝:精神分裂病の病前性格. 臨床精神医学5:15-24 (1976)
 
75) Phillips L:Case history data and prognosis in schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 117:515-525(1953)
 
76) Raine A, Lencz T, Mednick SA(ed) :Schizotypal Personality. Cambridge, New York(1995)
 
77) 佐藤光源, 松岡洋夫:Zubin と Ciompi の脆弱性概念-有用性と限界. 精神科治療学12:487-494(1997)
 
78) Sullivan HS:Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry. William Alanson White Psychiatric Foundation(1947) -中井久夫, 山口 隆(訳) :現代精神医学の概 念. みすず書房, 東京(1976)
 
79) 鈴木道雄, 倉知正佳:精神分裂病の神経発達障害仮説の特徴と問題点. 精神科治療学12:503-512(1997)
 
80) Toyoshima R, Ota T, Aikawa H, et al:Exploratory data analysis to identify subtypes of pathophysiology in schizophrenia;support of the coexisting three-syndrome concept. The Biology of Schizophrenia, Moriji T, Yamamoto K (ed) , pp 25-37, Elsevier, Amsterdam(1994)
 
81) 内村祐之:精神医学の基本問題;精神病と神経症の構造論の展望. 医学書院, 東京 (1972)
 
82) 臺 弘:精神医学の立場からみた霊長類の行動異常の研究. 精神医学13:4-16 (1971)
 
83) 臺 弘:分裂病再発の病理. 精神医学レビュー, 太田龍朗(編) , No. 12 精神分裂病の再発, pp 5-12, ライフ・サイエンス, 東京(1994)
 
84) Utena H:Loss of freedom in mental disorders;a biopsychosocial conception. Ann Psychoanalysis 24:131-137(1996)
 
85) Varsamis J, Adamson JD:Early schizophrenia. Can Psychiatr Assoc J 16:487-497(1971)
 
86) Watt NF:Patterns of childhood social development in adult schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35:160-165(1978)
 
87) Weinberger DR:Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:660-669(1987)
 
88) Wolff S:Loners;The Life Path of Unusual Children. Routledge, London (1995)
 
89) World Health Organization:The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. World Health Organization (1992) -融 道男, 中根允文, 小見山実(監訳) :ICD-10 精神および行動の障害-臨床記述と診断ガイドライン. 医学書院, 東京(1993)
 
90) 安永 浩:分裂病の論理学的精神病理-「ファントム空間」論. 医学書院, 東京 (1977)
 
91) Yuasa S, Kurachi M, Suzuki M, et al:Clinical symptoms and regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 246:7-12 (1995)
PubMed
92) Yung AR, McGorry PD:The prodromal phase of first-episode psychosis;past and current conceptualization. Schizophr Bull 22:353-370(1996a)
 
93) Yung AR, McGorry PD:The initial prodrome in psychosis;descriptive and qualitative aspects. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 30:587-599(1996b)
 
94) Yung AR, McGorry PD, McFarlane CA, et al:Monitoring and care of young people at incipient risk of psychosis. Schizophr Bull 22:283-304(1996)
PubMed
95) Zubin J, Steinhauer S:How to break the logjam in schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 169:477-492 (1981)
PubMed
P.346 掲載の参考文献
1) Cameron DE:Early schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 95:567-578(1938)
 
2) Cameron DE:Early diagnosis of schizophrenia by general practitioner. N Engl J Med 218:221-224(1938)
 
3) Chapman J:The early symptoms of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 112:225-251 (1966)
PubMed
4) Clerambault G de:Automatisme mental et scission du moi. Oeuvre psychiatrique, Tome II, pp 457-467, PUF, Paris(1942) -高橋 徹, 中谷陽二(訳) :精神医学19:527-535(1977)
 
5) Clerambault G de:Automatisme mental. Oeuvre psychiatrique, Tome II, pp 453-654, PUF, Paris(1942) -針間博彦(訳) :クレランボー精神自動症. 星和書店, 東京(1998)
 
6) Conrad K:Die beginnende Schizophrenie-Versuch einer Gestaltsanalyse des Wahns. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart(1958) -吉永五郎(訳) :精神分裂病 -その発動過程. 医学書院, 東京(1973) . 山口直彦, 安 克昌, 中井久夫(訳) :分裂病のはじまり. 岩崎学術出版社, 東京(1994)
 
7) Crider A:Schizophrenia;a biopsychological perspective. pp 28-60, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale(1979)
 
8) Donlon P, Blacker K:Clinical recognition of early schizophrenic decompensation. Dis Nerv Syst 36:323-330(1975)
PubMed
9) Dudek SZ:Intelligence, psychopathology, and primary thinking disorder in early schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 148:515-527(1969)
PubMed
10) Freedman B, Chapman LJ:Early subjective experience in schizophrenic episodes. J Abnorm Psychol 82:46-54(1973)
 
11) Freedman BJ:The subjective experience of perceptual and cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia-a review of autobiographical accounts. Arch Gen Psychiatry 30:333-340(1974)
PubMed
12) Gross G:Prodrome und Vorpostensyndrome schizophrener Erkrankungen. Schizophrenie und Zyklothymie-Ergebnisse und Probleme, Huber G(ed) , Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart(1969) -保崎秀夫, 武正健一, 浅井昌弘ほか (訳) :精神分裂病と躁うつ病-臨床経験と問題点. 医学書院, 東京(1974)
 
13) Gross G, Huber G, Klosterkotter J, et al:BSABS. Bonner Skala fur die Beurteilung von Basissymptomen. Springer-Verlag, Berlin(1987)
 
14) Gross G, Huber G, Klosterkotter J:Early diagnosis of schizophrenia. Neurol Psychiatr Brain Res 1:17-22(1992) -針間博彦(訳) :精神科治療学13:795-800(1998)
 
15) Hafner H, Maurer K, Loffler W, et al:The epidemiology of early schizophrenia. Influence of age and gender on onset and early course. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 23:29-38(1994)
 
16) Huber G:Reine Defektsyndrome und Basisstadien endogener Psychosen. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 34:409-426(1966)
 
17) Huber G:Das Konzept substratnaher Basissymptome und seine Bedeutung fur Theorie und Therapie schizophrener Erkrankungen. Nervenarzt 54:23-32 (1983) -坂元 薫(訳) :基体近接的な基底症状の概念とその精神分裂病の理論と治療に対する意義. 精神科治療学3:615-619(1988)
 
18) Huber G:Prodrome der Schizophrenie. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 63:131-138(1995)
 
19) 清田一民:分裂病の早期徴候. 精神医学20:609-617(1978)
 
20) 小木貞孝:フランスの妄想研究. 金剛出版, 東京(1985)
 
21) MacDonald N:Living with schizophrenia. Can Med Assoc J 82:218-221, 678-681 (1960)
 
22) McGhie A, Chapman J:Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia. Br J Med Psychol 34:103-116(1961) -天谷太郎, 飯島幸生, 加藤雅人ほか(訳) :初期分裂病における注意と知覚の障害. 思春青年精学1:92-110 (1991)
 
23) Meares A:The diagnosis of pre-psychotic schizophrenia. Lancet 1:55-58 (1959)
 
24) Montague LR, Tantam D, Newby D, et al:The incidence of negative symptoms in early schizophrenia, mania and other psychoses. Acta Psychiatr Scand 79:613-618(1989)
 
25) 中井久夫:分裂病の発病過程とその転導. 分裂病の精神病理3, 木村 敏(編) , pp 1-60, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1974)
 
26) 中井久夫:奇妙な静けさとざわめきとひしめき臨床的発病に直接先駆する-時期について. 分裂病の精神病理8, 中井久夫(編) , pp 261-297, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1979)
 
27) 中安信夫:背景思考の聴覚化-幻声とその周辺症状をめぐって. 分裂病の精神病理14, 内沼幸雄(編) , pp199-235, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1985)
 
28) 中安信夫:初期分裂病. 星和書店, 東京(1990)
 
29) 中安信夫:状況意味失認と内因反応-症候学からみた分裂病の成因と症状形成機序. 臨床精神病理11:205-219(1990)
 
30) 中安信夫:分裂病症候学-記述現象学的記載から神経心理学的理解へ. 星和書店, 東京(1991)
 
31) 中安信夫:症例15 初期分裂病. シリーズ精神科症例集, 第1巻 精神分裂病I-精神病理, 木村 敏(編) , pp 209-234, 中山書店, 東京(1994)
 
32) 中安信夫:初期分裂病/補稿. 星和書店, 東京(1996)
 
33) Nakayasu N:Symptomatology of early schizophrenia in Japan. Proceeding of the 6th East Asian Cultural Psychiatry-Symptomatology of Schizophrenia in East Asia, The East Asian Academy of Cultural Psychiatry (in press)
 
34) Pichot P:Clerambault dans le psychiatrie francaise de son temps. -工藤行夫 (訳) :クレランボーとフランス精神医学-その生きた時代(第42回日本病跡学会特別講演) . 日病跡誌第50号:17-25(1995)
 
35) Schneider K:Klinische Psychopathologie (6 Aufl. ) . Thieme, Stuttgart(1962) - 平井静也, 鹿子木敏範(訳) :臨床精神病理学. 文光堂, 東京(1968)
 
36) Sullivan HS:Schizophrenia as a human process. W. W. Norton, New York (1962) -中井久夫, 安 克昌, 岩井圭司ほか(訳) :分裂病は人間的過程である. みすず書房, 東京(1995)
 
37) 高橋 徹, 中谷陽二:ドゥ・クレランボー. 保崎秀夫, 高橋 徹(編) :近代精神病理学の思想. pp 37-59, 金剛出版, 東京(1983)
 
38) 徳田康年:精神分裂病における「気になる」という体験について-注意の様態と関連して. 臨床精神病理5:125-141(1985)
 
39) Vincent T:De l'automatisme mental a la forclusion;Notes sur I'influence de De Clerambault sur la pensee lacanienne. L'Evolution Psychiatrique 49:1119-1131(1984) -針間博彦, 関 直彦(訳) :精神自動症から排除へ-クレランボーがラカンの考え方に与えた影響. 精神科治療学11:419-423, 537-541(1996)
 
40) 山田幸彦, 五味渕満徳:精神分裂症における視知覚変容の現象学的研究. 精神経誌 94:625-647 (1992)
 
P.372 掲載の参考文献
1) Blankenburg W:Zur Leistungsstruktur bei chronischen endogenen Psychosen. Nervenarzt 41:577-587(1981) -岡本 進(訳) :慢性内因性精神病者における仕事の構造について. 分裂病の人間学, 木村敏(監訳) . 医学書院, 東京(1981)
 
2) Blankenburg W:私信-加藤敏:創造行為における癒しの諸相. 病跡学会誌 52:4-11 (1996)
 
3) Bleuler E:Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie. 15 Aufl. neubearbeitet von Manfred Bleuler. Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg (1983) -切替辰哉(訳) :内因性精神病と心因性精神障害. p 57, 中央洋書出版部, 東京(1990)
 
4) Bleuler M:Die schizophrenen Geistesstorungen im Lichte Langjahriger Kranken und Familiengeschichten. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart(1972)
 
5) Ciompi L:Ist die chronische Schizophrenie ein Artefakt? Argumente und Gegenargumente. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 48:237-248(1980)
 
6) Ciompi L, Muller C:Lebensweg und Alter der Schizophrenien. Springer, Berlin(1976)
 
7) Conrad K:Die beginnende Schizophrenie. Versuch einer Gestaltanalyse des Wahns. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart(1958/1971) -山口直彦, 安 克昌, 中井久夫 (訳) :精神分裂病の始まり. 岩崎学術出版社, 東京(1994) , 吉永五郎(訳) :精神分裂病. 医学書院, 東京(1973)
 
8) Ey H:Schizophrenie. Etudes cliniques et psychopathologiques. Synthelabo, Le Plessis-Robinson(1996)
 
9) Freud S:Jenseits des Lustprinzips. Vienna(1920) -井村恒郎(訳) :快感原則の彼岸. フロイト選集4, 日本教文社, 東京(1974)
 
10) Gruhle H:Psychologie der Schizophrenie. Verlag von Julius Springer, Berlin (1929)
 
11) Griesinger W:Die Pathologie und Therapie der psychischen Krankheiten fur Aerzte und Studirende. 3 Aufl. Verlag von Friedrich Wreden, Braunschweig (1871)
 
12) Hecker E:Die Hebephrenie. Ein Beitrag zur klinischen Psychiatrie. Virchow's Archiv Pathol Anat Physiol 52:394-429(1871) -渡辺哲夫(訳) :破瓜病. 星和書店, 東京(1978)
 
13) Heinroth JCA:Lehrbuch der Storungen des Seelenlebens, oder der Seelenstorungen und ihrer Behandlung. 2 vol, F. C. W Vogel, Leipzig(1818) -西丸四方 (訳) :狂気の学理. 中央洋書出版部, 東京(1990)
 
14) Hinterhuber H:Zur Katamnese der Schizophrenien. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 41:527-558(1976)
 
15) Janzarik W:Strukturdynamische Grundlagen der Psychiatrie. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart(1988) -岩井一正, 古城慶子, 西村勝治(訳) :精神医学の精神力動的基礎. 学樹書院, 東京(1996)
 
16) Kahlbaum KL:Die Katatonie oder das Spannungsirresein, Eine klinischer Form psychischer Krankheit. August Hirschwald, Berlin(1874) -渡辺哲夫 (訳) :緊張病. 星和書店, 東京(1979)
 
17) 加藤 敏:構造論的精神病理学. 弘文堂, 東京(1996)
 
18) 加藤 敏:死の欲動と死への存在. 構造論的精神病理学, pp 243-288, 弘文堂, 東京(1996)
 
19) 加藤 敏:分裂病における心気一体感症状の臨床精神病理学的研究. 精神経誌 96:174-219 (1994)
 
20) 加藤 敏:分裂病における宗教主題. 臨床精神病理16:101-113(1995)
 
21) 加藤 敏:詩人における「死への存在」の様態-ヘルダーリンの場合. 日病跡誌 50:56-68 (1995)
 
22) 加藤 敏:加害的自生発話 (思考) の臨床-分裂病寛解過程における能動性亢進. 精神経誌99:321-340(1997)
 
23) 加藤 敏:主体の起源と享楽-父性の精神病理学の試み. 構造論的精神病理学, pp 170-208, 弘文堂, 東京(1996)
 
24) 加藤 敏:分裂病における死と切. 断構造論的精神病理学, pp 209-242, 弘文堂, 東京(1996)
 
25) 木村 敏:分裂病の時間論自己・あいだ・時間. pp 122-288, 弘文堂, 東京 (1981)
 
26) Kraepelin E:Psychiatrie 3 Aufl. A. Abel, Leipzig(1989)
 
27) Lacan J:Le Seminaire livre I. Les ecrits techniques de Freud (1953-34) . p 160, Seuil, Paris(1975) -小出浩之, 小川豊昭, 小川周二, 笠原 嘉(訳) :フロイトの技法論(上) . p 201, 岩波書店, 東京(1991)
 
28) 宮本忠雄:ムンクの『叫び』をめぐって-幻覚的意識と創造. 人間的異常の考察, 筑摩書房, 東京(1970)
 
29) 宮本忠雄:言語と妄想-精神分裂病の言語的理解. 1. 言語と妄想, pp 220-249, 平凡社, 東京(1974)
 
30) Muller-Suur H:Das Schizophrene als Ereignis. Psychiatrie Heute, Kranz H (hrsg) , pp 81-93, Georg Thieme, Stuttgart(1962)
 
31) 永田俊彦:精神分裂病の急性症状消褪後の寛解後疲弊病相について. 精神医学 23:123-131 (1981)
 
32) 中井久夫:精神分裂病状態からの寛解過程. 分裂病の精神病理2, 宮本忠雄(編) , pp 187-195, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1974)
 
33) 大塚公一郎:「虚偽主題」の精神病理学的研究-躁諺病における離人症の特異な一様態. 精神経誌99:1-22(1997)
 
34) Rumke HC:Het kernsymptoom der schizophrenie en het "praecoxgevoel". Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 81 ste Jaargang, 4516-4521 (1941) -中井久夫 (訳) :プレコックス感. 精神の科学, 別巻, pp 169-180, 岩波書店, 東京(1984)
 
35) 関根義夫:精神分裂病急性期経過後の一過性残遺状態. とくにその2類型について. 精神経誌 90:395-413(1988)
 
P.385 掲載の参考文献
1) Andreasen NC:Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39 (7) :784-788 (1984)
 
2) Arieti S:Interpretation of Schizophrenia. Basic Books, New York(1974) - 殿村忠彦, 笠原 嘉(監訳) :精神分裂病の解釈I. みすず書房, 東京(1995)
 
3) Avenarius R:Der Verlust der Ich-Umwelt-Balance im Beginn der endogenen Psychose. Nervenarzt 47(8) :482-487(1976)
 
4) Avenarius R:Der Grossenwahn, Erscheinungsbilder und Entstehungsweise. Springer, Berlin(1978)
 
5) Berner P:Wahn. Lexikon der Psychiatrie, Muller Ch (hrsg) , Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York (1973)
 
6) Binswanger L:Drei Formen missgluckten Daseins, Verstiegenheit, Verschrobenheit, Manieriertheit. Niemeyer, Tubingen(1956) -宮本忠雄 (監訳) :思い上がり, ひねくれ, わざとらしさ. みすず書房, 東京 (1995)
 
7) Blankenburg W:Die Verlust der natulichen Selbstverstandlichkeit. Enke, Stuttgart (1971) -木村 敏, 岡本 進, 島 弘嗣 (訳) :自明性の喪失. みすず書房, 東京(1978)
 
8) Blankenburg W:Zur Leistungsstruktur bei chronischen endogener Psychosen. Nervenarzt 41(12) :577-587(1970)
 
9) Bleuler E:Dementia Precox oder Die Gruppe der Schizophrenien. Deuticke, Wien (1991) -飯田 真, 下坂幸三, 保崎秀夫ほか(訳) :早発性痴呆または精神分裂病群. 医学書院, 東京 (1974)
 
10) Bumke O:Vorboten. Lehrbuch der Geisteskrankheiten, 7 Auf. SS 527-529, Springer, Berlin (1948)
 
11) Carpenter WT Jr, Barkto JJ, Straus JS, et al:Signs and symptoms as predictor of outcome;A report from the international pilot study of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 135(8) :940-944(1978)
 
12) Conrad K:Die beginnende Schizophrenie. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart (1958) - 山口直彦, 安 克昌, 中井久夫 (訳) :分裂病のはじまり. 岩崎学術出版社, 東京 (1994)
 
13) 古川健三:精神分裂病に於ける独語症状. 精神経誌51(2) :61-68(1949)
 
14) 原田憲一:精神分裂病にっいての覚書-症状「対抗発語」 Gegen-Sprechen にふれて. 臨床精神病理 3(1) :9-15(1982)
 
15) 広沢正孝, 永田俊彦:近年増加傾向にある治療困難な若年分裂病者の精神病理と治療-構造化されない極期をもつ分裂病者の不安と退行をめぐって. 分裂病の精神病理と治療8, 中安信夫(編) , 星和書店, 東京(1997)
 
16) 広沢正孝:Case Report 3 長期間持続する体系的妄想-緻密な妄想体系の構築とその消退後自殺した男性例. 精神科ケースライブラリー, 1巻, pp 47-61, 中山書店, 東京 (1998)
 
17) 広田伊蘇夫:慢性分裂病-いくつかの課題. 精神医学レビューNo 1, 慢性分裂病, 融 道男(編) , ライフ・サイエンス, 東京 (1991)
 
18) Holm-Hadulla RM:Der "Konkretismus" als Ausdruch schizophrenen Denkens, Sprechens, und Verhaltnes. Nervenarzt 53(9) :524-529(1982) -池沢良郎 (訳) :分裂病性思考, 言語, 行動の表現としての「具象化傾向」. 精神科治療学4(7) :943-946(1989)
 
19) Homburger A:Vorlesungen uber Psychopathologie des Kindesalters. Julius Springer, Berlin (1926)
 
20) Huber G:Das Konzept substratnaher Basissymptome und seine Bedeutung fur Theorie und Therapie schizophrener Erkrankungen. Nervenarzt 54(1) :23-32 (1983)
PubMed
21) 市橋秀夫:分裂病のスペーシング機能障害-身体空間の精神病理. 分裂病の精神病理 11, 吉松和哉 (編) , pp 29-59, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1982)
 
22) 岩脇 淳:慢性期分裂病患者における二重記帳の臨床的意義. 臨床精神医学19 (9) :1397-1404 (1990)
 
23) 伊澤良介:空笑について. 臨床精神病理14(2) :145-154(1993)
 
24) Jaser R:Uber der Einfluss des Greisenalters auf die Gestaltung schizophrener Prozesse. Allg Z Psychiatr 89(1) :1-19(1928)
 
25) Jaspers K:Allgemeine Psychopathologie, 5 Aufl. Springer, Berlin(1948) -内村祐之, 西丸四方, 島崎敏樹ほか(訳) :精神病理学総論, 上巻. 岩波書店, 東京 (1953)
 
26) 加藤 敏:幻覚. 異常心理学講座VI, 土居健郎, 笠原 嘉, 宮本忠雄ほか(編) , pp 108-170, みすず書房, 東京(1990)
 
27) 加藤 敏:分裂病における心気-体感症状の臨床精神病理学的研究. 精神経誌96 (3) :174-219 (1994)
 
28) 木村 敏:分裂病の時間論. 分裂病の精神病理5, 笠原嘉 (編) , ppl-31, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1976)
 
29) 清田一民:分裂病の心性の原点. pp 185-221, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1984)
 
30) 小出浩之:慢性分裂病の誇大妄想について-自閉という観点から. 分裂病の精神 病理と治療2, 湯浅修一(編) , pp 191-216, 星和書店, 東京(1989)
 
31) 小出浩之:自閉. 異常心理学講座VI, 土居健郎, 笠原 嘉, 宮本忠雄ほか(編) , pp 172-227, みすず書房, 東京(1990)
 
32) 小見山実:分裂病における「自他変換」現象について. 分裂病の精神病理5, 笠原 嘉(編) , pp 93-118, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1976)
 
33) 小見山実:分裂病性現象の契機における分岐. 分裂病の精神病理6, 安永 浩 (編) , pp 217-242, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1977)
 
34) Kraepelin E:Psychiatrie, 8 Aufl, J. A. Barth, Leipzig(1913) -西丸四方, 西丸甫夫(訳) :精神分裂病. みすず書房, 東京(1986)
 
35) 松本雅彦:精神分裂病と強迫-慢性分裂病者による常同, 強迫, 途絶症状の意味. 分裂病の精神病理15, 高橋俊彦(編) , pp 147-172, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1986)
 
36) 道辻俊一郎, 内野 淳, 太田保之ほか:陰性症状の経時的変化-感情鈍麻を中心に. 精神科診断学1(3) :351-360(1990)
 
37) Minkowski E:La schizophrenie, Psychopathologie des Schizoide et des Schizophrenes. Desclee de Brouwer, Paris(1927) -村上 仁(訳) :精神分裂病. みすず書房, 東京(1954)
 
38) 宮崎隆吉, 三田達雄, 山口直彦:通院分裂病者の週間生活リズム. 精神科治療学 1(1) :107-116 (1986)
 
39) 宮本忠雄:実体的意識性について-精神分裂病における他者の現象学. 精神経誌 61(10) :1316-1339 (1959)
 
40) 宮本忠雄:精神病理学における時間と空間. 異常心理学講座X, 精神病理学4, 井村恒郎, 懸田克躬, 島崎敏樹(編) , みすず書房, 東京(1965)
 
41) 宮本忠雄:妄想と言語. 分裂病の精神病理2, 宮本忠雄(編) , pp 129-156, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1974)
 
42) 宮本忠雄:分裂病の妄想-その日本的特質. 精神医学21(2) :143-152(1979)
 
43) Muller Ch:Uber das Senium der Schizophrenen. S. Karger, Basel(1959)
 
44) 村上靖彦:妄想型分裂病とパラノイアー妄想の体系化をめぐって. 分裂病の精神 病理と治療6, 分裂病症状をめぐって, 村上靖彦(編) , pp 237-258, 星和書店, 東京(1994)
 
45) 永田俊彦:精神分裂病の急性期症状消褪直後の寛解後疲弊病相について. 精神医学23(2) :123-131(1981)
 
46) 永田俊彦:分裂病残遺状態における挿話性病理現象について. 分裂病の精神病理 16, 土居健郎(編) , pp 167-190, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1987)
 
47) 永田俊彦:寡症状性分裂病の長期経過-3例の自験例から. 分裂病の精神病理と治療1, 吉松和哉(編) , pp 85-110, 星和書店, 東京(1988)
 
48) 永田俊彦:寛解後疲弊病相から欠陥状態に移行した2症例-その過程を中心にして. 臨床精神病理10(4) :291-300(1989)
 
49) 永田俊彦:分裂病経過の諸相. 臨床精神病理14(2) :93-107(1993)
 
50) 中嶋 聡:自我障害. 精神分裂病-基礎と臨床, 木村 敏, 松下正明, 岸本英爾 (編) , pp 402-409, 朝倉書店, 東京(1990)
 
51) 中嶋聡:分裂病性二重見当識に関する一考察-「その場性」の視点から. 臨床精神病理17(2) :187-198(1996)
 
52) 小川豊昭:自閉. 精神分裂病-基礎と臨床, 木村 敏, 松下正明, 岸本英爾(編) , pp 394-401, 朝倉書店, 東京(1990)
 
53) 小倉日出麿:独語症状の研究. 精神経誌67(12) :1187-1196(1965)
 
54) 小倉日出麿:空笑について. 精神医学13(2) :149-155(1971)
 
55) 小山内實:破瓜病者の「社会療法」について. 分裂病の精神病理8, 中井久夫 (編) , pp 233-259, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1979)
 
56) Raschka LB:The incubus syndrome-A variant of erotomania. Can J Psychiatry 24(6) :549-553(1979)
 
57) Rumke H:Uber alte Schizophrene. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr 91:201-210 (1963)
 
58) 佐藤田美, 大平常元, 長谷川敬司ほか:精神分裂病者に出現する発作性知覚変容体験について. 精神経誌88(10) :808-809(1986)
 
59) 関 忠盛:分裂病性残遺妄想. 臨床精神医学16(1) :19-25(1986)
 
60) Simko A:Die Reflexivitat als strukturdynamisches Prinzip in einigen Form en der Schizophrenie. Nervenarzt 33(7) :312-316(1962)
 
61) Snaith P:Anhedonia;A negrected symptom of psychopathology. Psychol 23 (4) :957-966(1993) -針間博彦(訳) :アンヘドニア-なおざりにされた精神病理. 精神科治療学12(2) :203-207(1997)
 
62) 染矢俊幸, 安西信雄, 池淵恵美ほか:精神分裂病の陰性症状と社会適応経過. 精神医学28(11) :1229-1236(1986)
 
63) 諏訪 望:精神分裂病の陽性症状と陰性症状-論議の概要と問題点. 現代精神医学大系年刊版 '87-B, 懸田克躬ほか(編) , pp 47-62, 中山書店, 東京(1987)
 
64) 武野俊也:選択的実感棚上げ現象について-精神分裂病者の感情生活面における 特徴的-側面. 精神経誌89(3) :182-203(1987)
 
65) 臺 弘:分裂病圏精神障害の再発と再燃. 精神科治療学1(4) :503-510(1986)
 
66) 臺 弘:心的エネルギーの計量化についての1つの試み. 精神医学39(1) :39-45 (1997)
 
67) 渡辺哲夫:慢性分裂病者の世界精神分裂病-基礎と臨床, 木村 敏松下正明, 岸本英爾(編) , pp 431-437, 朝倉書店, 東京(1990)
 
68) Wyrsch J:Die Person des Schizophrenien;Studien zur Klinik, Psychologie, Daseinsweise. Verlag Paul Haupt, Bern(1949) -土井永記, 池田篤信(訳) :精神分裂病人格文光堂, 東京(1967)
 
69) 山口直彦, 中井久夫:「分裂病者における知覚潰乱発作」について-一般に「発作」「頭痛」などさまざまな俗称で呼ばれ軽視されがちなものを中心として. 分裂病の精神病理14, 内沼幸雄(編) , pp 295-314, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1985)
 
70) 山口直彦, 中井久夫:分裂病における知覚変容発作と恐怖発作. 分裂病の精神病理と治療1, 吉松和哉(編) , pp 29-55, 星和書店, 東京(1988)
 
71) 安永 浩:分裂病の症状論. 現代精神医学大系, 第10巻A1, 精神分裂病Ia, 懸田克躬ほか(編) , 中山書店, 東京(1978) (分裂病の症状論. 金剛出版, 東京 (1987) )
 
72) 安永 浩:分裂病と自我図式偏位-擬遊戯(演技) 性, 擬憑依, 幻聴. 分裂病の精神病理10, 藤縄 昭(編) , pp 135-174, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1981)
 
73) 吉松和哉:分裂病の陰性症状. 精神医学32(10) :1036-1048(1990)
 
74) 吉松和哉:分裂病の慢性化問題-不関性とおびえ. 分裂病の精神病理と治療5, 永田俊彦(編) , pp 155-185, 星和書店, 東京(1993)
 
75) 湯沢千尋:慢性分裂病者の「眩き」-病識問題と関連して. 精神分裂病-基礎と 臨床, 木村 敏, 松下正明, 岸本英爾(編) , pp 410-415, 朝倉書店, 東京(1990)
 

診断

P.405 掲載の参考文献
1) Berner P, Katschnig H, Lenz G, et al:基本障害と研究用診断基準と軸症候群- 精神医学の新しい手段から我々は何を期待できるか? 精神経誌86(6) :461-466 (1984)
 
2) Binswanger L:Lebensfunktion und innere Lebensgeschichte. Ausgewahlte Vortrage und Aufsatze, Band I, Zur Phanomenologiscen Anthropologie. Francke, Bern(1947) -荻野恒一, 宮本忠雄, 木村 敏 (訳) :現象学的人間学. みすず書房, 東京(1967)
 
3) Binswanger L:Welche Aufgaben ergeben sich fur die Psychiatrie aus den Fortschritten der neueren Psychologie? Ausgewahlte Vortrage und Aufsatze, Band II, Zur Problematik der psychiatrisch Forschung und zum Problem der Psychiatrie. Francke, Bern (1955)
 
4) Binswanger L:Schizophrenie. Neske, Pfullingen (1957) -新海安彦, 宮本忠雄, 木村 敏 (訳) :精神分裂病. みすず書房, 東京 (1959)
 
5) Blankenburg W:Zur Leisutungsstruktur bei chronischen endogenen Psychosen. Nervenarzt 41(12) :577-587 (1970) -岡本 進 (訳) :慢性内因性精神病者における仕事の構造について. 分裂病の人間学, 木村 敏 (編) , pp 187-221, 医学書院, 東京(1981)
 
6) Blankenburg W:Der Verlust der naturlichen Selbstverstandlichkeit. Enke, Stuttgart (1971) -木村 敏, 岡本 進, 島 弘嗣(訳) :自明性の喪失. みすず書房, 東京(1978)
 
7) Blankenburg W:Was heisst "anthropologische Psychiatrie" ? Leib, Geist, Geschichte, Kraus A (hrsg) , 15-28, Huthig, Heidelberg (1978)
 
8) Blankenburg W:Der "Leidensdruck" des Patienten in seiner Bedeutung fur Psychotherapie und Psychopathologie. Nervenarzt 52:635-642 (1981) -親富祖勝己 (訳) :苦悩の重圧. 精神療法および精神病理学に対するその意義. 精神療法12(2) :161-173 (1986)
 
9) Blankenburg W:Kritik der modernen Pharmakotherapie. Psychiatrische Therapie Heute. Ein Symposion in Salzburg 1979, Tellenbach H (hrsg) , pp 89-119, Enke, Stuttgart (1982) -高橋 潔(訳) :現代薬物療法批判. 精神医学治療批判, pp 135-180, 創造出版, 東京(1985)
 
10) Bleuler E:Dementia praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien. Deuticke, Leipzig (1911) -飯田 真, 下坂幸三, 保崎秀夫ほか(訳) :早発性痴呆または精神分裂病群. 医学書院, 東京(1974)
 
11) Gross G, Huber G, Klosterkotter J:Early diagnosis of schizophrenia. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 1:17-22(1992)
 
12) Huber G:Das Konzept substratnaher Basissymptome und seine Bedeutung fur Theorie und Therapie schizophrener Erkrankungen. Nervenarzt 54:23-32 (1983)
PubMed
13) 岩舘敏晴, 牛島定信, 大野 裕ほか:Schizophrenieの訳語の歴史. 精神経誌98 (4) :239-244 (1996)
 
14) 岩舘敏晴, 高木俊介, 米田 博ほか:シンポジウム3;精神分裂病の概念と呼称をめぐって. 精神経誌98(10) :701-731(1996)
 
15) Janzarik W:Schizophrene Verlaufe. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York (1968)
 
16) 木村 敏:精神分裂病論への成因論的現象学の寄与. 分裂病の精神病理1, 土居健郎(編) , pp 139-160, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1972)
 
17) 木村 敏:精神分裂病の症状論. 精神分裂病, 横井 晋ほか(編) , pp 106-138, 医学書院, 東京(1975)
 
18) 木村敏:診断. 現代精神医学大系, 懸田克躬ほか(編) , 第10巻A1, 精神分裂病Ia, pp 181-214, 中山書店, 東京(1981)
 
19) 木村敏:非定型精神病の人間学的分類の試み-人間学的診断の臨床的意義. 精神医学における診断の意味, 土居健郎, 藤縄 昭(編) , pp 171-200, 東京大学出版会, 東京(1983)
 
20) 金 吉晴:スキゾフレニア診断学の方法論的検討-その理念と指標性について. 精神経誌94(8) :711-737(1992)
 
21) クラウス:精神科診断学と疾病分類における直観の重要性. 精神医学38(2) :501-510 (1996)
 
22) Langfeldt G:The prognosis of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Neurologica Scand Suppl 110:7-62 (1956)
 
23) 道辻俊一郎, 内野 淳, 太田保之ほか:陰性症状の経時的変化-感情鈍麻を中心に. 精神科診断学1(3) :351-360(1990)
 
24) Minkowski E:La schizophrenie. Psychopathologie des schizoides et des schizophrenes. Desclee de Brower, Paris (1953) -村上 仁(訳) :精神分裂病. みすず書房, 東京( 1954)
 
25) Muller-Suur H:Die schizophrenen Symptome und der Eindruck des Schizophrenen. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 26:140-150 (1958) -長井真理 (訳) :分裂病性症状と分裂病性の印象. 分裂病の人間学, 木村 敏(編) , pp 83-101, 医学書院, 東京 (1981)
 
26) Mundt Ch, Lang H:Die Psychopathologie der Schizophrenien. Psychiatrie der Gegenwart 4, Kisker KP, et al (hrsg) , pp 39-70, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg (1987)
 
27) Mundt Ch, Barnett W:Die sogenannte Heidelberg Schule. -坂戸 薫 (訳) :いわゆるHeidelberg学派の精神医学. 精神科診断学 6(1) :17-30(1995)
 
28) 中井久夫:分裂病者における「焦慮」と「余裕」. 精神経誌78(1) :58-65(1976)
 
29) 中井久夫:リュムケとプレコックス感. 精神療法3(1) :81-92(1977)
 
30) 中井久夫:精神科治療の覚書. 日本評論社, 東京 (1982)
 
31) 中安信夫:分裂病症候学-記述現象学的記載から神経心理学的理解へ. 星和書店, 東京 (1991)
 
32) 中安信夫:初期分裂病-いかに診断し, いかに治療するか? 精神科治療学6 (6・7) :761-772 (1991)
 
33) 中安信夫, 関由賀子:初期分裂病の陰性症状-2症例にもとつく予備報告. 精神科治療学7(12) :1353-1358(1992)
 
34) 中安信夫:緊迫困惑気分/居住まいを正させる緊迫感-初期分裂病治療の標的について. 精神科治療学8(10) :1161-1167(1993)
 
35) 中安信夫:精神病理学における「記述」とは何か. 臨床精神病理14(1) :15-31 (1993)
 
36) 中安信夫:二段階病理発生仮説から見た分裂病の再発/治癒と再燃/寛解. 精神科レビュー, 12. 精神分裂病の再発, 太田龍朗(編) , pp 13-26, ライフ・サイエンス, 東京(1994)
 
37) 中安信夫:臨床診断基準に求められるもの-初期診断と疑診. 精神医学36(5) :479-486 (1994)
 
38) Rumke HC:Uber alte Schizophrene. Schweiz Arch Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr 91:219-226 (1963)
 
39) Schneider K:Klinische Psychopathologie. 10 Aufl. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart (1962) -平井静也, 鹿子木敏範 (訳) :臨床精神病理学. 文光堂, 東京(1972)
 
40) 染矢俊幸:陰性症状の症状群としての独立性と症状分類の妥当性. 精神科診断学 1(3) :339-349 (1990)
 
41) Sommers A:Negative symptoms;conceptual and methodological problems. Schizophr Bull 11:364-379(1985)
PubMed
42) 鈴木映二, 神庭重信, 丹生谷正史ほか:Deficit Syndrome の診断基準とその日本語版の信頼性. 精神医学35(10) :1097-1103(1993)
 
43) 鈴木 茂:寡症状性分裂病の臨床と精神病理. 臨床精神医学11(11) :1375-1382 (1982)
 
44) 鈴木 茂:臨床単位と分裂病. 臨床精神病理9(3) :187-202(1988)
 
45) 鈴木 茂:診断の問題-精神病理学の立場から. 精神分裂病, 木村敏ほか (編) , pp 446-456, 朝倉書店, 東京(1990)
 
46) 鈴木 茂:臨床的方法としてみた記述と了解-Karl Jaspers 批判. 臨床精神病理 14(3) :225-241 (1993)
 
47) 鈴木 茂:表出症状としての分裂病性言語表現. 分裂病の精神病理と治療. 村上靖彦(編) , 第6巻 分裂病症状をめぐって, pp 177-207, 星和書店, 東京(1994)
 
48) 鈴木 茂:治療とは何だろうか-カントの批判哲学から見た中井の治療学. 治療のテルモビュライ-中井久夫の仕事を考え直す, pp-185-217, 星和書店, 東京 (1998)
 
49) 臺 弘:分裂病の晩期寛解. 精神科治療学9(4) :405-412(1994)
 
50) 渡辺哲夫:記述学派. 異常心理学講座, 土居健郎ほか(編) , 第1巻 学派と方法, pp 47-105, みすず書房, 東京(1988)
 
51) Wittgenstein L:Philosophische Untersuchungen. Basil Blackwell, Oxford (1953) 藤本隆志(訳) :哲学研究. 大修館書店, 東京(1976)
 
52) World Psychiatric Association:Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenic and Affective Psychosis. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC (1983) -高橋三郎, 高橋清久(訳) :精神分裂病と感情障害のための診断基準集. 西村書店, 新潟(1986)
 
53) Wyrsch J:Uber die Psychopathologie einfacher Schizophrenien. Mschr Psychiatr Neurol 102:75-106(1940)
 
54) Wyrsch J:Uber die Intuition bei der Erkennung des Schizophrenen. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 76:1173-1176 (1946)
 
55) 吉武和康, 荒木憲一, 太田保之:精神分裂病の長期転帰研究. 精神科診断学2(2) 157-182 (1991)
 
56) 湯浅修一:分裂病者の生涯. 精神科治療学9(4) :413-422 (1994)
 
P.423 掲載の参考文献
1) American Psychiatric Association:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition. APA, Washington DC (1980)
 
2) American Psychiatric Association:Quick Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria Form DSM-III. APA, Washington DC (1980) -高橋三郎, 花田耕一, 藤縄 昭 (訳) :DSM-III精神障害の分類と診断の手引. 医学書院, 東京 (1982)
 
3) American Psychiatric Association:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition-revised. APA, Washington DC (1987) -高橋 郎 (訳) :DSM-III-R 精神障害の診断・統計マニュアル. 医学書院, 東京 (1988)
 
4) American Psychiatric Association:Quick Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria Form DSM-IV. APA, Washington DC (1994) -高橋三郎, 大野 裕, 染矢俊幸 (訳) :DSM-IV精神疾患の分類と診断の手引. 医学書院, 東京 (1995)
 
5) American Psychiatric Association:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition. APA, Washington DC (1994) -高橋三郎, 大野 裕, 染矢俊幸(訳) :DSM-IV 精神疾患の診断・統計マニュアル. 医学書院, 東京 (1996)
 
6) 浅井昌弘:我が国におけるICD-10の使用に向けて. 精神医学36:463-469 (1994)
 
7) 藤原妙子, 岡崎祐士:精神分裂病と妄想性障害の診断基準. 精神科 MOOK, 28. 精神科診断基準, 高橋三郎ほか(編) , pp 101-112, 金原出版, 東京 (1992)
 
8) 古川壽亮:DSM-IVにおける気分障害-evidence-based psychiatryへの小さな一歩. 精神科診断学4:411-425 (1993)
 
9) 北村俊則:精神医学における操作的診断基準とDSM-III-R-従来診断の実証的視点の欠落に触れて. 精神科治療学6:521-531 (1991)
 
10) 中村道彦:米国における診断基準の発展. 精神科MOOK, 28. 精神科診断基準, 高橋三郎ほか(編) , pp 68-81, 金原出版, 東京 (1992)
 
11) 中安信夫:DSM-III-Rに見る臨床的視点の欠落-精神医学における臨床診断のあり方に触れて. 精神科治療学6:511-520 (1991)
 
12) 大野裕:DSM-IVをめぐって-不安, 身体表現性, 解離, 人格, 性障害を中心に. 臨床精神医学25:285-291(1996)
 
13) Sartorius N:ICD-10歴史, 特徴とその応用をめぐって. 精神医学36:452-457 (1994)
 
14) Sartorius N, Mezzich JE, 中根允文ほか:精神疾患の新しい診断分類ICD-10およびDSM-IV. 精神医学36:487-497 (1994)
 
15) 染矢俊幸:精神科国際診断基準. 専門医のための精神科レビュー'97, 風祭 元 (編) , pp 188-192, 総合医学社, 東京 (1997)
 
16) 高田浩一, 中根允文:DSM-IVの精神病性障害. 精神科診断学4:401-410 (1993)
 
17) 高橋三郎, 山根秀夫, 花田耕一ほか:DSM-III診断基準の適用とその問題点, その1. DSM-IIからDSM-IIIへ. 臨床精神医学9:1097-1105 (1980)
 
18) 高橋三郎:精神医学における診断と分類の意義. 精神科MOOK, 28. 精神科診断基準, 高橋三郎ほか(編) , pp 1-9, 金原出版, 東京 (1992)
 
19) 高橋三郎, 染矢俊幸:DSM-IV 作成の基本原則. 精神医学36:471-478 (1994)
 
20) 高橋三郎, 染矢俊幸:DSM-III, DSM-III-R そしてDSM-IV. 臨床精神医学25:269-273 (1996)
 
21) 高橋三郎, 染矢俊幸, 山田尚登ほか:ディベート精神医学の対立点<操作診断の功罪>操作診断学の導入による精神医学の進歩. 精神経誌99:730-736 (1997)
 
22) World Health Organization:The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders;Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. WHO, Geneva(1992) -融 道男, 中根允文, 小見山実 (監訳) :ICD-10精神および行動の障害臨床記述と診断ガイドライン. 医学書院, 東京 (1993)
 
23) World Health Organization:The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders;Diagnostic criteria for research. WHO, Geneva(1993) - 中根允文, 岡崎祐士, 藤原妙子 (訳) :ICD-10精神および行動の障害DCR研究用診断基準. 医学書院, 東京 (1994)
 
24) World Psychiatric Association:Diagnostic Criteria for Functional Psychoses, 2nd edition. Cambridge Univ Press (1992) -高橋三郎, 高橋清久, 宇野正威 (訳) :機能性精神病のための診断基準集. 西村書店, 東京 (1994)
 
P.438 掲載の参考文献
1) 青柳信子, 澤田幸展, 石川幹雄ほか:精神分裂病者の縦断的研究-WAISによる検討. 精神医学28(4) :357-381(1984)
 
2) Archer RP:Using the MMPI with Adolescents. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdate (1987)
 
3) 馬場禮子:投影法における投影水準と現実行動との対応. 臨床心理学講座, 片口安史ほか(編) , 第2巻 人格診断, pp 119-136, 誠信書房, 東京(1976)
 
4) Barron F:An ego-strength scale which predicts response to psychotherapy. J Consult Psychol 17:327-333 (1953)
PubMed
5) Colligan RC, Offord KP:The MMPI;A contemporary normative study of adolescents. Ablex Publishing Corporation, Norwood (1992)
 
6) Craford JR, Allen KM, Cochrance RH, et al:A comparison of the WAIS and WAIS-R in matched UK samples. Br J CIin Psychol 29(1) :105-109 (1990)
 
7) Dahlstrom G, Dahlstrom L(ed) :Basic Readings on the MMPI-A new selection on personality measurement. Univ Minnesota Press, Minneapolis (1980) -阿部満州, 小野直広(監訳) :MMPI原論. 新曜社, 東京 (1984)
 
8) Exner EJ Jr:The Rorschach;Comprehensive System. Vol 1, Basic Foundations (2nd ed) . Wiley-Interscience, New York (1986) -高橋雅春, 田中富士夫, 秋谷たつ子ほか(監訳) :現代ロールシャッハ・テスト体系(上・下) . 金剛出版, 東京(1991)
 
9) Fisher S, Cleveland SE:Body Image and Personality, 2nd ed. Dover Publications, New York (1968)
 
10) Friedman AF, Webb JT, Lewak R:Psychological Assessment with the MMPI. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1989)
 
11) Graham JR:The MMPI A practical guide. Oxford Univ Press, New York (1977) -田中富士夫(訳) :MMPI-臨床解釈の実際. 三京房, 京都 (1985)
 
12) Greene RL:The MMPI-An interpretative manual. Grune & Stratton, Orlando (1980)
 
13) Hathaway SR, MaKinley JC:Manual for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Univ Minnesota Press, Minneapolis (1943)
 
14) Kay SR:Schizophrenic WAIS pattern by diagnostic subtypes. Percept Mot Skills 48:1241-1242 (1979)
PubMed
15) 片口安史:新・心理診断法. 金子書房, 東京 (1987)
 
16) 木場清子:MMPI自我強度尺度(Es) の基礎資料. 臨床心理学の諸領域1:34-38 (1982)
 
17) 木場清子, 村上雅子, 末政佐和子ほか:日本版WAIS-R (1990年) について-日本版 WAIS (1958年) と比較した若干の経験. 北陸神精医誌6:58 (1992)
 
18) 木場清子:精神分裂病患者の自我境界について-ロールシャッハ身体像境界得点による検討. ロールシャッハ研究36:75-89 (1994)
 
19) 木場清子, 長澤達也, 越野好文ほか:精神分裂病患者のWCSTとWAISについて. 北陸神精医誌9:69 (1995)
 
20) Klopfer B, Davidson HH:The Rorschach Technique-An introductory manual. Harcourt, Brace&World, New York (1962) -河合隼雄(訳) :ロールシャッハ・テクニック入門. ダイヤモンド社, 東京 (1964)
 
21) 児玉省, 品川不二郎, 印東太郎:WAIS成人知能診断検査法. 日本文化科学社, 東京 (1958)
 
22) Kolb B, Whishaw IQ:Performance of schizophrenic patients on tests sensitive to left or right frontal, temporal, or partial function in neurological patients. J Nerv Ment Dis 171:435-443 (1983)
 
23) Kurachi M, Matsui M, Kiba K, et al:Limited visual search on the WAIS picture completion test in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 12:75-80 (1994)
PubMed
24) Lippold RS, Claiborn TM:Comparison of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. J Consult Clin Psychol 51(2) :315 (1983)
 
25) MacAndrew C:The differenciations of male alcoholic outpatients from nonalcoholic psychiatric patients by means of the MMPI. Q J Stud Alcohol 26:238-246 (1965)
 
26) Marks PA, Seeman W, Haller DL:The Actuarial Use of MMPI with Adolescents and Adults. William & Wilkins, Baltimore (1974)
 
27) 松井三枝, 倉知正佳, 葛野洋一ほか:精神分裂病患者の臨床症状とWAIS所見との関連について. 精神医学33(7) :705-712 (1991)
 
28) MMPI新日本版研究会(編) :新日本版MMPIマニュアル. 三京房, 京都 (1993)
 
29) 村上英治, 池田博和, 渡辺雄三ほか:ロールシャッハの現象学-分裂病の世界. 東京大学出版会, 東京 (1977)
 
30) 村上雅子, 木場清子, 末政佐和子ほか:日本版WAIS-R(1990年) について-その2. 北陸神精医誌7:79-80 (1993)
 
31) 岡部祥平:臨床心理学的方法-ロールシャッハ法を中心として. 精神医学書 (下) , 新福尚武ほか(編) , pp 540-545, 金原出版, 東京 (1983)
 
32) 小此木啓吾, 馬場禮子:精神力動論-ロールシャッハ解釈と自我心理学の統合. 金子書房, 東京 (1989)
 
33) Rapaport D, Gill M, Schfer R:Diagnostic psychological testing, Vol II. Yearbook Publications, Chicago (1946)
 
34) Rorschach H:Psychodiagnostik. Hans Huber, Bern (1921) -東京ロールシャッハ研究会(訳) :精神診断学. 牧書店, 東京 (1958)
 
35) Schneider K:Klinische Psychopathologie, 6 Auflage. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart (1962) -平井静也, 鹿子木敏範(訳) :臨床精神病理学. 第10版, 光文堂, 東京 (1986)
 
36) 七里佳代:入院分裂病者の知能に関する研究-WAISによる分析. 精神医学33 (7) :809-816 (1997)
 
37) 品川不二郎, 小林重雄,藤田和弘ほか(編) :日本版WAIS-R成人知能検査法. 日本文化科学社, 東京(1990)
 
38) Shitala PM, Kenneth HB:The comparability of WAIS and WAIS-R IQs and subtest scores. J Clin Psychol 39(5) :754-757 (1983)
 
39) Smith RS:A comparison study of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised in college population. J Consult Clin Psychol 51(3) :414-419 (1983)
 
40) 空井健三:ロールシャッハ・テスト. 異常心理学講座, 土居健郎ほか(編) , 第8巻 テストと診断, pp 71-118, みすず書房, 東京 (1990)
 
41) 高橋雅春, 北村依子:ロールシャッハ診断法II. サイエンス社, 東京 (1981)
 
42) 田中富士夫:質問紙法. 異常心理学講座, 土居健郎ほか(編) , 第8巻 テストと診断, pp 18-69, みすず書房, 東京 (1990)
 
43) 田中富士夫:基礎尺度の暫定的な青年期基準. MMPI新日本版の標準化研究, MPI新日本版研究会(編) , 第11章, pp 201-230, 三京房, 京都 (1997)
 
44) Taylor JA:A personality scale of manifest anxiety. J Abnorm Soc Psychol 48:285-290 (1953)
 
45) Watkins J, Stauffacher J:An index of pathological thinking in the Rorschach. Proj Tech 16:276-286 (1952)
PubMed
46) Webb JT, McNamara KM, Rodgers DA:Configural Interpretations of the MPI and CPI. Ohio Psychology Publishing, Ohio (1989)
 
47) Wechsler D:Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Manual. Psychological Corporation, New York (1955)
 
48) Wechsler D:The Measurement and Appraisal of Adult Intelligence. Williams & Wilkins, Boltimore (1958) -茂木茂八, 安富利光, 福原真知子(訳) :成人知能測定と評価. 日本文化科学社, 東京 (1972)
 
49) Wechsler D:Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-evised. Psychological Corporation, New York (1974)
 
50) Wechsler D:WAIS-R Manual. Psychological Corporation, San Antonio (1981)
 
51) Weiner IB:Psychodignosis in Schizophrenia. John Wiley & Sons, New York (1966) -秋谷たつ子, 松島淑子(訳) :精神分裂病の心理学. 医学書院, 東京 (1973)
 
52) Zimmerman IL, Woo-Sam JM:Clinical interpretation of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Grune & Stratton, New York (1973) -杉山善朗(監訳) :AISの臨床的解釈日本文化科学社, 東京 (1980)
 
P.458 掲載の参考文献
1) 安藤克巳, 安藤晴延, 小島卓也(編) :眼とこころ-眼球運動による精神疾患へのアプローチ. 創造出版, 東京(1991)
 
2) Angrist B, van Kammen DP:CNS stimulants as tools in the study of schizophrenia. Trends Neurosci 7:388-390 (1984)
 
3) Asarnow RF, MacCrimmon DJ:Span of apprehension deficits during the postpsychotic stages of schizophrenia;a replication and extension. Arch Gen Psychiatry 38:1006-1011 (1981)
PubMed
4) Blackwood DHR, St Clair DM, Muir WJ, et al:Auditory P300 and eye tracking dysfunction in schizophrenic pedigrees. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:899-909 (1991)
 
5) Chang WH, Hwu HG, Chen TY, et al:Plasma homovanillic acid and treatment response in a large group of schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res 10:259-265 (1993)
 
6) Chang W-H, Hwu H-G:Plasma HVA and subtyping of schizophrenia. Plasma Homovanillic Acid in Schizophrenia;Implications for Presynaptic Dopamine Dysfunction, Friedhoff AJ, Amin FA(ed) , pp 43-59, American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC (1997)
 
7) Cleghorn JM, Brown GM, Brown PJ, et al:Longitudinal instability of hormone responses in schizophrenia. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 7:545-549 (1983)
 
8) Clementz BA, Geyer MA, Braff DL:P50 suppression among schizophrenia and normal comparison subjects;a methodological analysis. Biol Psychiatry 41:1035-1044 (1997)
PubMed
9) Cloninger CR:Multilocus genetics of schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry 10:5-10 (1997)
 
10) Dawson ME:Psychophysiology at the interface of clinical science, cognitive science, and neuroscience. Psychophysiology 27:243-255 (1990)
PubMed
11) Dieci M, Vita A, Silenzi C, et al:Non-selective impairment of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 25:33-42 (1997)
PubMed
12) Elkis H, Friedman L, Wise A, et al:Meta-analyses of studies of ventricular enlargement and cortical sulcal prominence in mood disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:735-746 (1995)
PubMed
13) Erlenmeyer-Kimling L, Cornblatt B:The New York high-risk project;a follow-up report. Schizophr Bull 13:451-461 (1987)
PubMed
14) Faux SF, Shenton ME, McCarley RW, et al:Preservation of P300 event-related potential topographic asymmetries in schizophrenia with use of either linked-ear or nose reference sites. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 75:378-391 (1990)
PubMed
15) Freedman R, Adler LE, Gerhardt GA, et al:Neurobiological studies of sensory gating in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 13:669-677 (1987)
PubMed
16) Friedhoff AJ, Amin F:Plasma Homovanillic Acid in Schizophrenia;Implications for Presynaptic Dopamine Dysfunction. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC (1997)
 
17) 福田正人, 丹羽真一, 平松謙一ほか:脳の生理・生化学的機能評価-特集/分裂病治療のための機能評価. 臨床精神医学18:157-165 (1989)
 
18) 福田正人, 丹羽真一, 平松謙一ほか:精神分裂病における脳内ドパミン系機能レベルの指標としての血漿ホモバニリン酸(pHVA) 濃度の利用可能性の検討. 脳と精神の医学1:153-165 (1990)
 
19) 福田正人:分裂病における抗精神病薬治療の効果評価の現状と問題点. 平成5年度厚生科学研究総括研究報告書-精神保健・医療の学際的分析に関する研究, 野崎貞彦(編) , pp 196-203 (1994)
 
20) 福田正人, 中込和幸, 佐々木司ほか:精神分裂病. 事象関連電位(ERP) マニュアル-P300を中心に, 加我君孝ほか(編) , pp 178-195, 篠原出版, 東京 (1995)
 
21) 福田正人, 本田教一, 五十嵐禎人ほか:血中アミン, アミン代謝産物など. 臨床精神医学12:263-270 (1996)
 
22) Grove WM, Clementz BA, Iacono WG, et al:Smooth pursuit ocular motor dysfunction in schizophrenia;evidence for a major gene. Am J Psychiatry 149:1362-1368 (1992)
 
23) 畑 哲信, 福田正人, 金生由紀子ほか:メンタル・コプロラリア(精神汚言) を主症状とし, etizolam高用量投与が著効を示した1症例. 臨床精神医学22:335-342 (1993)
 
24) Hietala J, Syvaelahti E, Vuorio K, et al:Presynaptic dopamine function in striatum of neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients. Lancet 346:1130-1131 (1995)
PubMed
25) 平松謙一, 林田征起, 福田正人ほか:分裂病患者のNd, P300-正常値との比較. 臨床脳波34:184-188 (1992)
 
26) Holzman PS, Kringlen E, Levy DL, et al:Abnormal pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 34:802-805 (1977)
PubMed
27) Holzman PS, Kringlen E, Matthysse S, et al:A single dominant gene can account for eye tracking dysfunctions and schizophrenia in offspring of discordant twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:641-647 (1988)
PubMed
28) Holzman PS:Eye movement dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Handbook of Schizophrenia, Vol 5;Neuropsychology, Psychophysiology and Information Processing, Steinhauer SR, Gruzelier JH, Zubin J(eds) , pp 129-145, Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam (1991)
 
29) 堀 彰, 永山素男, 島田 均ほか:精神分裂病の再発予測因子に関する研究- 発病後10年以上の外来患者における観察. 精神医学32:155-161 (1990)
 
30) 稲垣 中, 稲田俊也:抗精神病薬に対する反応性からみた分裂病の異種性. 最新精神医学2:35-42 (1997)
 
31) 小島卓也, 夏梅蘭:精神疾患における眼球運動異常, 神経進歩40:496-505 (1996)
 
32) Kojima T, Matsushima E, Toru M, et al:Exploratory eye movements as a biological marker for schizophrenia;WHO Collaborative Project. p 121, Abstract of the Regional Meeting of World Psychiatric Association, Beijing (1997)
 
33) 小島卓也:生理学的指標による精神分裂病の異種性-1) 眼球運動からみた精神分裂病の異種性について. 最新精神医学2:43-49 (1997a)
 
34) 小島卓也:生理学的マーカーを用いた精神分裂病の診断. 第17回日本精神科診断学会 会長講演, 東京 (1997b)
 
35) 倉知正佳:精神分裂病. 神経科精神科卒後研修マニュアル 第1部 基本コース, 倉知正佳ほか(編) , pp 97-101, 星和書店, 東京 (1997)
 
36) Laruelle M, Abi-Dargham A, van Dyck CH, et al:Single photon emission computerized tomography imaging of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in drug-free schizophrenic subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93:9235-9240 (1996)
PubMed
37) Lieberman JA, Kane JM, Gadaleta D, et al:Methylphenidate challenge as a predictor of relapse in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 141:633-638 (1984)
PubMed
38) Lieberman JA, Kane JM, Sarantakos S, et al:Prediction of relapse in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:597-603 (1987)
PubMed
39) Litman RE, Torrey EF, Hommer DW, et al:A quantitative analysis of smooth pursuit eye tracking in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:417-426 (1997)
PubMed
40) Marcus J, Hans SL, Nagler S, et al:Review of the NIMH Israeli Kibbutz-city study and the Jerusalem infant development study. Schizophr Bull 13:425-438 (1987)
PubMed
41) 松岡洋夫, 斎藤秀光, 上埜高志ほか:パターン認知および記憶探索に関係する視覚性事象関連電位. 臨床脳波35:450-455 (1993)
 
42) 松岡洋夫:生理学的指標による精神分裂病の異種性-2) 事象関連電位. 最新精神医学2:51-59 (1997)
 
43) Matsushima E, Ohta K, Obayashi S, et al:Exploratory eye movements in patients with schizophrenia-a monozygotic twin study. p 121, Abstract of the Regional Meeting of World Psychiatric Association, Beijing (1997)
 
44) Mednick SA, Parnas J, Schulsinger F:The Copenhagen high-risk project, 1962-86. Schizophr Bull 13:485-495 (1987)
PubMed
45) 投石保広, 下河内稔, 小椋 力ほか:事象関連電位(ERP) による精神分裂病者とうつ病者との判別の試み. 臨床脳波29:224-229 (1987)
 
46) 丹羽真一, 本田教一, 鈴木裕樹ほか:受容体遮断の臨床指標. 脳と精神の医学5:121-34 (1994)
 
47) Nuechterlein KH:Signal detection in vigilance tasks and behavioral attributes among offspring of schizophrenic mothers and among hyperactive children. J Abnorm Psychol 92:4-28 (1983)
 
48) Ohman A, Ohlund LS:Electrodermal nonresponding, premorbid adjustment, and symptomatology as predictors of long-term social functioning in schizophrenics. J Abnorm Psychol 98:426-435 (1989)
PubMed
49) Okubo Y, Suhara T, Suzuki K, et al:Decreased prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors in schizophrenia revealed by PET. Nature 385:634-636 (1997)
PubMed
50) Orzack MH, Kornetsky C:Attention dysfunction in chronic schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 14:323-326 (1966)
PubMed
51) Pickar D, Labarca R, Doran AR, et al:Longitudinal measurement of plasma homovanillic acid levels in schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:1669-676 (1986)
 
52) Ross DE, Thaker GK, Buchanan RW, et al:Eye tracking disorder in schizophrenia is characterized by specific ocular motor defects and is associated with the deficit syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 42:781-796 (1997)
PubMed
53) Saitoh O, Niwa S-I, Hiramatsu K-I, et al:Abnormalities in late positive components of event-related potentials may reflect a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 19:293-303 (1984)
 
54) Saykin AJ, Shtasel DL, Gur RE, et al:Neuropsychological deficits in neuroleptic naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:124-131 (1994)
PubMed
55) 須原哲也, 須藤康彦, 大久保善朗:PET/SPECT による精神分裂病の神経伝達物質受容体研究. 精神科診断学7:183-205 (1996)
 
56) Szymanski S, Kane JM, Lieberman JA:A selective review of biological markers in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 17:99-111 (1991)
PubMed
57) 田辺英一, 高橋 栄, 屋良一夫ほか:精神分裂病の異種性に関する研究-探索眼球運動を用いた遅発分裂病と若年発症分裂病の相違. 日大医誌56:579-589 (1997)
 
58) 臺 弘, 三宅由子:慢性分裂病の機能的亜型分類-反応時間とストレス応答による. 精神医学2:127-133 (1996)
 
59) 臺 弘, 三宅由子:日常臨床のための簡易精神生理テスト-とくに分裂病について. 精神医学39:801-808 (1997)
 
60) van Horn, McManus IC:Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia;a meta-analysis of studies of the ventricular;brain ratio(VBR) . Br J Psychiatry 160:687-697 (1992)
PubMed
61) van Kammen DP, Docherty Jp, Bunney WE Jr:Prediction of early relapse after pimozide discontinuation by response to d-amphetamine during pimozide treatment. Biol Psychiatry 17:233-242 (1982)
 
62) Weinberger DR, Torrey EF, Neophytides AN, et al:Lateral cerebral ventricular enlargement in chronic schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 36:735-739 (1979)
PubMed
63) Zahn TP, Frith CD, Steinhauer SR:Autonomic functioning in schizophrenia; electrodermal activity, heart rate, pupillography. Handbook of Schizophrenia, Vol 5;Neuropsychology, Psychophysiology and Information Processing, Steinhauer SR, Gruzelier JH, Zubin J (ed) , pp 185-224, Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam (1991)
 

書評

最近チェックした商品履歴

Loading...