イオン交換膜 基礎と応用

出版社： 丸善出版
著者：
発行日： 2016-12-20
分野： 基礎・関連科学  >  医用工学/材料
ISBN： 9784621301159
電子書籍版： 2016-12-20
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イオン交換膜研究の座右の書。イオン交換膜研究に長年従事してきた著者が、イオン交換膜が示す多くの現象・基本的問題をはじめとして、各分野における応用から、その経済的評価までをまとめました。環境関連技術や燃料電池につながる幅広い分野で有用なリファレンスです。

目次

  • 表紙
  • まえがき
  • 目次
  • 第1部 基礎編
  • 1 イオン交換膜の合成
  • 1.1 基本事項
  • 1.2 炭化水素系イオン交換膜
  • 1.3 均質膜
  • サンドイッチ法
  • 脱気法
  • ペースト法
  • 螺旋巻法
  • 1.4 不均一膜
  • 合成法
  • 樹脂 / 結合剤比および粒径
  • 結合剤の形
  • 1.5 グラフト共重合
  • 同時照射
  • 前照射
  • 実施例
  • 1.6 バイポーラ膜
  • 1.7 フッ素系膜
  • 燃料電池膜
  • 塩素アルカリ分離膜
  • 2 イオン交換膜の基本的性質
  • 2.1 はじめに
  • 2.2 イオンの膜内移動
  • Donnan平衡理論
  • 輸率
  • 真の輸率の測定
  • 銀 - 塩化銀電極の作成法
  • 2.3 膜電位
  • Nernst式
  • 見かけの輸率の測定
  • 2.4 拡散
  • 濃度拡散
  • 溶質透過係数の測定
  • 2.5 選択透過性
  • 電荷の異なる同符号イオン間の選択透過性
  • 選択透過係数の測定
  • 1価イオン選択透過性陽イオン交換膜
  • 2.6 電気伝導度
  • 電気伝導度の原理
  • 電気抵抗の測定
  • 直流電気抵抗
  • 2.7 浸透
  • 加速浸透と減速浸透
  • 浸透の測定
  • 2.8 電気浸透
  • 電気浸透係数
  • 電気浸透係数の測定
  • 2.9 イオン交換容量, 含水率
  • 膜中のイオン交換基濃度
  • イオン交換容量と含水率の測定
  • 2.10 膨潤率
  • 2.11 機械的強度
  • 試料膜の調整
  • 破裂強度
  • 引張強度
  • 2.12 市販膜の性質
  • 3 Teorell, Meyer, Sieversの理論 ( TMS理論 )
  • 3.1 はじめに
  • 3.2 膜電位
  • 3.3 拡散係数
  • 3.4 電気伝導度
  • 3.5 輸率
  • 4 非平衡熱力学
  • 4.1 はじめに
  • 4.2 現象方程式と現象係数
  • 4.3 膜現象
  • 透過性
  • 動電現象
  • 拡散電位
  • 4.4 反発係数
  • 4.5 電気透析現象
  • 4.6 電気透析による塩と水の分離
  • 2室型電気透析系
  • 3室型電気透析系
  • 5 総括物質移動
  • 5.1 はじめに
  • 5.2 塩水の電気透析と総括物質移動式
  • 5.3 イオン交換膜対の性質
  • ρ対λ, μ, φの関係
  • ρ対膜電気抵抗
  • ρ対温度
  • 膜対特性に対する電解質濃度と液流速の影響
  • 5.4 総括物質移動と海水電気透析
  • 5.5 総括物質移動式と現象方程式
  • 5.6 イオン交換膜の反発係数
  • 6 濃度分極
  • 6.1 はじめに
  • 6.2 電流 - 電圧 ( I - V ) 曲線
  • 6.3 境膜における濃度変化
  • 6.4 境膜内物質移動
  • 6.5 空間電荷
  • 6.6 重力対流
  • 6.7 電気対流
  • 6.8 振動
  • 6.9 濃縮側イオン交換膜面で発生する濃度分極
  • 7 水解離
  • 7.1 はじめに
  • 7.2 電流 - pH関係
  • 7.3 拡散モデル
  • 7.4 静電反発域
  • 7.5 Wien効果
  • 7.6 プロトン化脱プロトン化反応
  • 7.7 水解離の実験的研究
  • 電流 - pH関係
  • 液中の電解質イオンが水解離に及ぼす影響
  • 水解離反応に対する電位の影響
  • 不溶性金属水酸化物の膜面析出と水解離の発生
  • イオン交換膜内における電位
  • 7.8 水解離反応の機構
  • 水解離反応の電流効率
  • 反応層におけるH + イオンとOH - イオンの濃度分布, 反応層の面積電気抵抗, 正反応速度定数
  • 正反応速度定数
  • イオン交換基と水解離反応
  • イオン交換基のpK値と水解離反応
  • 触媒的水解離反応
  • 8 流体力学
  • 8.1 はじめに
  • 8.2 スペーサー周辺の流線
  • 8.3 スペーサーの物質輸送効果
  • 8.4 スペーサー周囲の死角
  • 8.5 流路内流動模型
  • 8.6 流動パターンと限界電流密度
  • 8.7 流路内流速分布
  • 8.8 脱塩室間の液流速分布
  • 8.9 流路の空気洗浄
  • 8.10 スペーサーのない場合の流路内液流と物質移動
  • 8.11 スペーサーのある場合の流路内液流速
  • 8.12 スペーサー網目ステップモデルと境膜内物質移動
  • 8.13 スペーサー構造と流路内圧力変化
  • 8.14 脱塩室内液摩擦因子と液流速分布
  • 8.15 電気透析槽ダクト内圧力分布
  • 9 限界電流密度
  • 9.1 はじめに
  • 9.2 Nernst拡散モデル
  • 9.3 Nernst - Planck式から導かれる限界電流密度
  • 9.4 化学工学的手法により導いた限界電流密度
  • Stanton数, Pecret数および電位差数と用いた解析
  • Sherwood数を用いた解析
  • Reynolds数, Schmidt数およびスペーサー因子を用いた解析
  • 9.5 限界電流密度の塩濃度, 液流速および温度依存性
  • 9.6 電気透析槽の限界電流密度
  • 10 電流漏洩・液漏洩
  • 10.1 はじめに
  • 10.2 電流漏洩
  • 電流漏洩式
  • 漏洩電流の計算
  • 10.3 液漏洩
  • 総括物質移動と液漏洩
  • 液漏洩の測定
  • 11 膜劣化
  • 11.1 はじめに
  • 11.2 各種化学薬品に対する膜性質安定性
  • 11.3 長期間海水電気透析における膜性能変化
  • 11.4 膜面汚染
  • 膜面汚染の機構
  • 膜面におけるフィルムの形成
  • 膜表面のフィルム除去
  • 11.5 有機汚染
  • 有機汚染現象
  • 有機汚染に伴う水解離反応
  • 耐有機汚染膜
  • 第2部 応用編
  • 12 電気透析
  • 12.1 技術概要
  • 12.2 電気透析槽
  • 電気透析槽の構造
  • 電気透析槽の構成要素
  • 電気透析槽の性能を向上するための要件
  • 12.3 メンテナンス技術
  • 給液の前処理
  • 濁度測定
  • スケール防止
  • 解体・組立作業
  • 12.4 応用例
  • 塩水から飲料水製造
  • 太陽光発電式電気透析脱塩
  • 金属表面処理工程排液の回収
  • 廃液回収
  • 酸回収
  • 海水濃縮
  • アミノ酸とアミノ酸調味料
  • 天然エキスの脱塩
  • 牛乳・ホエーの電気透析
  • 糖液の脱塩
  • 13 電気透析塩水脱塩と飲料水製造
  • 13.1 はじめに
  • 13.2 一過流通プロセス
  • 13.3 一過流通電気透析プロセス
  • 13.4 電気透析プログラム
  • 13.5 電気透析プログラムチャート
  • 一過流通プロセス
  • 計算ステップ
  • 13.6 電気透析槽の仕様と運転条件
  • 13.7 計算結果
  • 14 電流逆転式電気透析
  • 14.1 技術概要
  • 14.2 スペーサー
  • 14.3 水回収
  • 14.4 スケール析出防止
  • 14.5 耐有機汚染
  • 14.6 膜面におけるコロイド沈殿物生成とその除去
  • 14.7 硝酸塩・亜硝酸塩の回収
  • 14.8 応用例
  • Suffolk市飲料水製造のためのEDR運転
  • EDR, ナノ濾過 ( NF ) およびROによる塩水再生
  • 飲料水製造のための塩水脱塩 ( バルセロナ )
  • 15 バイポーラ膜電気透析
  • 15.1 技術概要
  • 15.2 BPM電気透析における自由エネルギー変化
  • 15.3 境界層
  • 15.4 膜表面における不均一構造
  • 15.5 BPMにおける水解離反応
  • 15.6 BPMの電流効率
  • 15.7 BPMのエネルギー消費と製造量
  • 15.8 BPM内水移動
  • Maxwell圧力
  • 膨潤圧
  • 電流 - 電圧関係
  • 水移動不足によるBPMの劣化
  • 15.9 BPM整流効果
  • 15.10 BPM電気透析プロセスにおける望ましい特性と運転上の問題点
  • 15.11 応用例
  • ステンレス酸洗工程排液中から混酸の回収
  • 硫酸ナトリウムからカセイソーダと硫酸の回収
  • 16 電気再生式脱塩
  • 16.1 技術概要
  • 16.2 混床, 層床, 分床
  • 16.3 電気再生式装置の構造とエネルギー消費
  • 16.4 EDIプロセスにおける物質移動と水解離
  • 16.5 弱電離物質の除去
  • 水解離の影響
  • シリカ除去
  • 二酸化炭素除去
  • ホウ素除去
  • アンモニア除去
  • 16.6 応用例
  • 発電, 半導体製造における超純水製造
  • 製薬工業における超純水製造
  • 電気再生式脱塩と混床式イオン交換の経済性比較
  • 17 電解
  • 17.1 技術概要
  • 17.2 イオン交換膜
  • パーフルオロスルホン酸膜
  • スルホン酸 / カルボン酸複層膜
  • 17.3 電解システムにおける物質移動と電極反応
  • 物質移動
  • 陰極反応
  • 陽極反応
  • 17.4 電解槽とその性能
  • 単極式と複極式
  • 電解槽エネルギー消費低減
  • 電解プロセス
  • 17.5 塩水精製
  • 1次精製
  • 2次精製
  • 塩水中不純物が電解槽性能に及ぼす影響
  • 17.6 研究開発
  • ガス拡散電極
  • 燃料電池
  • 18 拡散透析
  • 18.1 技術概要
  • 18.2 物質移動現象
  • 18.3 拡散透析槽の運転
  • 18.4 応用例
  • アルミニウム陽極酸化プロセスにおける成分制御
  • 酸洗浄プロセスにおける硝酸回収
  • 19 Donnan透析
  • 19.1 技術概要
  • 19.2 物質移動
  • 原理
  • イオン交換動力学
  • Donnan透析動力学
  • 19.3 応用例
  • UO2 ( NO3 ) 2水溶液中UO2 2 + の濃縮
  • 希薄塩水中フッ化物の除去
  • 廃水中アンモニウムイオン除去
  • 20 燃料電池
  • 20.1 技術概要
  • 20.2 原理
  • 20.3 燃料電池の構成
  • 膜 / 電極接合体とセルスタック
  • イオン交換膜
  • 触媒
  • 20.4 燃料電池の性能
  • 20.5 応用例
  • 電気動力車
  • 家庭用コージェネレーション
  • 21 レドックスフロー電池
  • 21.1 技術概要
  • 21.2 原理
  • 21.3 レドックスフロー電池の長所と短所
  • 長所
  • 短所
  • 注釈
  • 21.4 レドックスフロー電池の構成
  • 21.5 イオン交換膜
  • 21.6 運転
  • 21.7 応用例
  • 鹿島北共同発電プラント
  • ウインビラ風力発電プラント
  • 22 逆電気透析
  • 22.1 技術概要
  • 22.2 原理
  • 物質移動
  • スタック電気抵抗, スタック電圧
  • 回路電圧, 内部電圧, 内部電気抵抗
  • 外部電流, 電力密度, 発電効率
  • イオン輸送効率
  • 圧力損失
  • 限界電流密度
  • 22.3 コンピューターシミュレーション
  • 22.4 計算
  • RED運転条件の最適化
  • REDスタック性能
  • REDプラント運転
  • あとがき
  • 索引
  • 著者略歴
  • 奥付

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第1部 基礎編

P.21 掲載の参考文献
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