ビタミンK 改訂版 医学・生物学領域における新展開

出版社： メディカル・ジャーナル社
著者：
発行日： 1994-04-20
分野： 臨床医学：一般  >  臨床医学一般
ISBN： 9784944012015
電子書籍版： 1994-04-20 （第2版第1刷）
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「ビタミン K」と題してその初版を送り出したのは今から6年前のことである。今回、とくに臨床面での情報を大幅に補填、改稿して同じタイトル「ビタミン K」のもとに改訂版を上梓する運びになった。(「まえがき」より)

目次

  • 表紙
  • ご挨拶
  • 執筆者
  • まえがき
  • 目次
  • I. ビタミンK研究の歴史
  • 1) H. Damの発見
  • 2) ビタミンK1, K2, ジクマロールの分離と構造
  • 3) 異常プロトロンビンの発見
  • 4) 新しいアミノ酸Glaの発見
  • 5) ビタミンK依存性カルボキシラーゼの発見
  • 6) ビタミンK依存性カルボキシラーゼとビタミンK - 2, 3 - エポキシダーゼの連動
  • 7) 肝臓におけるビタミンKの代謝
  • II. ビタミンKの構造・分布・代謝
  • 1. ビタミンKの構造
  • 1) ビタミンK同族体
  • 2) 性状および構造
  • 2. ビタミンKの測定法
  • 1) 定量前操作
  • 2) 検出法
  • 3) 血漿・母乳中内因性ビタミンK ( PK, MK - 4～MK - 10 ) 分析の実際
  • 3. 自然界の分布 ( ビタミンK2 )
  • 1) 名称
  • 2) 細菌によるK2の産生
  • 3) 種々な細菌中のK2分布
  • 4) ヒト生体試料中のK2の分布
  • 5) 食品中のK2含量
  • 4. 生体内動態
  • A. 動物
  • 1) 吸収および血中濃度
  • 2) 組織および細胞内分布
  • 3) 代謝
  • 4) 排泄
  • B. ヒト
  • 1) 成人における血中未変化体の薬物動態
  • 2) 新生児における血中薬物動態
  • 3) 吸収・代謝・排泄
  • 4) ビタミンKサイクルと抗凝血薬
  • 5) 内因性ビタミンKレベル
  • III. ビタミンKの作用機序
  • 1) ビタミンK依存性蛋白質
  • 2) ビタミンK依存性カルボキシラーゼの性状
  • 3) ビタミンK依存性カルボキシラーゼの作用機作
  • 4) ビタミンK依存性カルボキシラーゼの基質特異性
  • 5) ビタミンKの代謝
  • IV. ビタミンK依存性凝固因子の生合成とプロセシング
  • 1) γ - カルボキシル化反応はいつどこで進行するのか ?
  • 2) γ - カルボキシル化はビタミンK依存性凝固因子の分泌に必要か ?
  • 3) ビタミンK依存性凝固因子のAsn - 結合型糖鎖は細胞内輸送と活性発現において重要な役割を演じている
  • 4) プロセシングプロテアーゼ候補の最有力はKex2類似プロテアーゼである
  • V. ビタミンK依存性蛋白質とその機能
  • 1. 凝固因子
  • A. プロトロンビンファミリーの構造
  • 1) プロトロンビン
  • 2) VII因子
  • 3) IX因子
  • 4) X因子
  • 5) プロテインC
  • 6) プロテインS
  • 7) プロテインZ
  • B. Glaドメインの機能
  • 1) Ca2 + 結合能とリン脂質結合能におけるGlaドメインの機能
  • 2) 補助因子との複合形成におけるGlaドメインの機能
  • 3) Glaドメインの血液凝固における生理的役割
  • 4) Glaドメインの特異性
  • C. γ - カルボキシグルタミン酸 ( Gla ) およびβ - カルボキシアスパラギン酸 ( Asa ), アミノマロン酸 ( Ama ) 残基を含む蛋白質成分
  • 1) ラット腎皮質蛋白質
  • 2) ラット大動脈蛋白質
  • 3) コノトキシンGV
  • 4) ニワトリ精子蛋白質
  • 5) E. coliリボゾーム蛋白質
  • D. γ - カルボキシグルタミン酸の分析法
  • 1) Glaの化学的特性
  • 2) Glaの同定法
  • 3) Glaの定量法
  • 2. 骨のビタミンK依存性蛋白質
  • 1) BGPならびにMGPの構造と機能
  • 2) BGPならびにMGPの生合成
  • 3) 血液中のBGPとMGP
  • 4) 骨代謝とBGPならびにMGP
  • 3. ウイルス活性化酵素としてのX因子
  • 1) ニワトリ胚VAPの単離精製とそのFXaとの構造的, 機能的相同性
  • 2) VAPのcDNAクローニングと一次構造の決定
  • 3) FXの異所性発現とウイルストロピズム
  • VI. ビタミンKの臨床
  • ビタミンK依存性蛋白質の欠乏症
  • 1) 先天性欠乏症および異常症
  • 2) 肝不全
  • 3) ビタミンK欠乏症
  • 4) インヒビターによるビタミンK依存性蛋白の不活性化
  • 1. 先天性のビタミンK依存性蛋白質の欠乏症
  • 1) IX因子欠乏症および異常症 - 血友病B
  • 2) プロトロンビン欠乏症および異常症
  • 3) X因子, VII因子欠乏症および異常症
  • 4) 先天性プロテインC欠損症およびプロテインC異常症
  • 5) プロテインS欠乏症
  • 2. 抗生物質とビタミンK
  • 1) 抗生物質投与中のビタミンK欠乏
  • 2) 腸内細菌とビタミンK
  • 3) MTTとビタミンK
  • 4) 抗生物質投与中のビタミンK欠乏の予防
  • 3. 新生児および乳児のビタミンK欠乏症
  • 1) 新生児ビタミンK欠乏性出血症 ( primary hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, PHDN )
  • 2) 乳児ビタミンK欠乏性出血症
  • 4. 妊娠とビタミンK
  • 1) ビタミンK依存性凝固蛋白質の妊娠による変動
  • 2) 妊娠維持機構とビタミンK依存性凝固蛋白質
  • 3) 胎児のビタミンK依存性凝固蛋白質
  • 5. 乳児ビタミンK欠乏症の全国調査
  • 1) 発症頻度の変遷
  • 2) 性別発症頻度
  • 3) 年齢別発症頻度
  • 4) 季節別発症頻度
  • 5) 地域別発症頻度
  • 6) 栄養法
  • 7) 出血部位
  • 8) 転帰
  • 9) ビタミンK剤予防投与の有無
  • 10) 二次性乳児ビタミンK欠乏性出血症の基礎疾患
  • 6. 特発性乳児ビタミンK欠乏症 - 乳児特発性頭蓋内出血 -
  • 1) 歴史
  • 2) 病因論
  • 7. 肝疾患での尿中γ - カルボキシグルタミン酸の変動について
  • 1) Glaの測定について
  • 2) 尿中Glaのレベルと肝疾患
  • 8. 肝癌とビタミンK依存性因子
  • 1) 肝細胞癌における異常ビタミンK依存性凝固因子および阻止因子の産生
  • 2) 肝細胞癌によるビタミンK依存性凝固因子の量的変化
  • 9. 肝癌とPIVKA - II
  • 1) PIVKA - II
  • 2) PIVKA - IIの測定方法
  • 3) PIVKA - IIと肝芽腫, 肝細胞癌
  • 10. Bone Gla Proteinと骨疾患
  • 1) BGPの精製とBGPのRIA
  • 2) 血清中BGP値の性差・加齢変化および正常域
  • 3) 各種疾患における血清中BGP値の変動
  • 11. BGPと内分泌代謝疾患
  • 1) 骨芽細胞のBGP合成に関与するホルモン
  • 2) その他の因子
  • 3) 内分泌代謝疾患と血中BGP値
  • 4) 各種内分泌疾患における血中ビタミンK値
  • 5) 副甲状腺疾患
  • 6) 甲状腺疾患
  • 7) その他
  • 12. 糖尿病性骨減少症
  • 1) 糖尿病性骨減少症
  • 2) 糖尿病性骨減少症の病態
  • 3) 糖尿病性骨減少症の病因
  • 13. BGPと腎疾患
  • 1) 腎機能とBGP
  • 2) 腎不全患者とBGP
  • 3) 腹膜透析患者とBGP
  • 4) 糖尿病性腎症透析患者とBGP
  • 5) 副甲状腺切除の影響
  • 6) 移植の影響
  • 索引
  • 略語一覧
  • 奥付

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この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

I. ビタミンK研究の歴史

P.8 掲載の参考文献
* Suttie J. W. : Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase.
 
* Ann. Rev. Biochem., 54 : 459 (1985), NY : Academic.
 

II. ビタミンKの構造・分布・代謝

P.12 掲載の参考文献
1) 平山健三, 平山和雄, 訳著 : "有機化学, 生化学命名法 (下) ", 化学領域増刊号, 131号, p164-168, 南江堂, 東京 (1981)
 
2) Burnett A. R. and Thomson R. H. : Naturallyl occuring quinones. X. Quinoid constituents of Tabebuia Avellanedae. J. Chem. Soc. (c), 2100 (1967)
 
3) McCormik D. B. and Wright L. D. ed. : "Methods in Enzymology" Vol. XVIII, part C, p407-562, Academic Press, New York (1971)
 
4) Collins M. D. and Jones D. : Distribution isoprenoid quinone structural types in bacteria and their taxonomic implications. Microbiol. Rev., 45 : 316 (1981)
 
5) Beau S., Azerard R. and Ledrer E. : Isolation and characterization of the dihydromenaquinones of Mycobacteria and Cornebacteria. Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol., 48 : 569 (1966)
 
6) Azerard R. and Cyrot M. D. : Synthesis of two dihydrofarnesyl menaquinones related to vitamine K2 (45) from Mycobacterium phlei. Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 3740 (1965)
 
7) Baum R. H. and Dolin M. I. : Isolation of 2-solanosyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone from Streptococcus faecatis. J. Biol. Chem., 240, 342 (1965)
 
8) McKenna M., Henninger M. D. and Crane F. L : A second menaquinones in spinach chloroplasts. Nature, 203, 524 (1964)
 
9) Powls R., Redfearn E. and Trippott S. : Stmcture of chlorobiumquinone. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commum., 33, 408 (1968)
 
10) a) Windholz M. ed. : "The Merk Index" 10th ed. monograph No.5651, Merk & Co., Inc. Rahway, New Jersy (1983). b) Ibid. No.5647. c) Ibid. No.9837. d) Ibid. No.9838. e) Ibid. No.9839.
 
11) Mayer H., Gloor U., Isler O., Ruegg R. and Wiss O. : Chemistry of vitamin K. I. Absolute configration of the natural phylloquinone. Helv. Chim Acta., 47, 221 (1964)
 
12) Jackman L. M., Ruegg R., Ryser G., Planta C. v., Gloor U., Mayer H., Shudel P., Kofler M. and Isler O. : Chemistry of vitamin K. II. Total synthesis and stereochemistry of trans-and cis- ('7R, '11R) -phylloquinones and related compounds. Helv. Chim. Acta., 48, 1332 (1965)
 
13) Mayer H. and Isler O. : "The vitamine" ed. by Schrell Jr. W. H. and Harris R. S., Vol.3, p418, Academic Press, New York (1971)
 
P.29 掲載の参考文献
1) Dam H., Glamind J., Larson E. H. and Plum P. : Investigations into the cause of the physiological hypoprothrombinemia in new-born children. Acta Med.Scand., 112 : 210 (1942)
 
2) Donnahey P. L., Burt V. T., Rees H. H. and Pennock J. F. : High-performance liquid chromatography of menaquinone-4, 2, 3-epoxymenaquinone-4, demethylmenaquinone-4 and related compounds. J. Chromatography, 170 : 272 (1979)
 
3) Collins M. D., Shah H. N. and Minnikin D. E. : A note on the separation of natural mixtures of bacterial menaquinones using reverse phase thin-layer chromatography. J. Appl. Bacteriot., 48 : 277 (1980)
 
4) Lichtenthaler H. K. and Borner K. : Separation of prenylquinones prenylvitamins and prenols on thin-layer plates impregnated with silvar nitrate. J. Chromatogr., 242 : 196 (1982)
 
5) Sheppard A. J., Prosser A. R. and Hubbard W. D. : Gas chromatography of the fat-soluble vitamins : A review. J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soci., 49 : 619 (1972)
 
6) Dialameh G. H. and Olson R. E. : Gas-liquid chromatography of phythyl ubiquinone, vitamin E, vitamin K1 and homologs of vitamin K2. Anal. Biochem., 32 : 263 (1969)
 
7) Bechtold H. and Jahnchen E : Quantitative analysis of vitamin K1 and vitamin K1 2, 3-epoxide in plasma by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr., 164 : 85 (1979)
PubMed
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9) Bechtold H. and Klein F. : Improved method for quantitative analysis of vitamin K1 and vitamin K1 2, 3-epoxide in human plasma by electron-capture gas-liquid capillary. J. Chromatogr., 306 : 333 (1984)
PubMed
10) Haroon Y., Shearer M. J. and Barkham P. : Resolution of menaquinones (vitamin K2) by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr., 206 : 333 (1981)
 
11) Lefevere M. F., De Leenheer A. P., Claeys A. E., Claeys I. V. and Steyaert H. : Multidimensional liquid chromatography : A breakthrough in the assessment of physiological vitamin K levels. J. Lipid. Res., 23 : 1068 (1982)
 
12) Shearer M. J., Rahim S., Barkhan P. and Stimmler L. : Plasma vitamin K1 in mothers and their new-born babies. The Lancet, 8296 : 460 (1982)
 
13) Wilson A. and Park K. : Quantitative analysis of pharmacological levels of vitamin K1 and vitamin K1 2, 3-epoxide in rabbit plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr., 277 : 292 (1983)
 
14) Collins M. D. and Fernandez F. : High-performance liquid chromatography of menaquinones of intestinal bacteria. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 13 : 1237 (1985)
 
15) Cholerton S. and Park B. K. : Quantitative analysis of pharmacological concentrations of vitamin K1 and vitamin K1 2, 3-epoxide in rat liver by highperformance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr., 375 : 147 (1986)
 
16) Ueno T. and Suttie W. : High-pressure liquid chromatographic-reductive electrochemical detection analysis of serum trans-phylloquinone. Anal. Biochem., 133 : 62 (1983)
 
17) Haroon Y., Schubert C. A. W. and Hauschka P. V. : Liquid chromatographic dual electrode detection system for vitamin K compounds. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 22 : 89 (1984)
 
18) Hart J. P., Shearer M. J., McCarthy P. T. and Rahim S. : Voltammetric behaviour of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) at a glassy-carbon electrode and determination of the vitamin in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Analyst, 109 : 477 (1984)
 
19) Hart J. P., Shearer M. J. and McCarthy P. T. : Enhanced sensitivity for the determination of endogenous phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with dual-electrode electrochemical detection. Analyst, 110 : 1181 (1985)
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20) Ikenoya S., Abe K., Tsuda T., Yamano Y., Hiroshima O., Ohmae M. and Kawabe K. : Electrochemical detector for high-performance liquid chromatography. II Determination of tocophenols, ubiquinones and phylloquinone in blood. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 27 : 1237 (1979)
 
21) Kusube K., Abe K., Hiroshima O., Ishiguro Y., Ishikawa S. and Hoshida H. : Determination of vitamin K analogues by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical derivation. Chem. Pharm. Bult., 32 : 179 (1984)
 
22) Langenberg J. P. and Tjaden V. R. : Determination of (endogenous) vitamin K1 in human plasma by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using fluorometric determination after post-column electrochemical reduction. Comparision with ultraviolet, single and dual ellectrochemical detection. J. Chromatogr., 305 : 61 (1984)
 
23) Van Haard P. M. M., Engel R. and Pietersma-de Bruyn A. L. J. M. : Quantitation of trans-vitamin K1 in small serum samples by off-line multidimensional liquid chromatography. Clin. Chim. Acta, 157 : 221 (1986)
 
24) Hirauchi K., Sakano T. and Morimoto A. : Measurement of K vitamins in human and animal plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 342 : 845 (1986)
 
25) 阿部皓一, 広島修, 石橋恭子, 大前雅彦, 河部靖, 勝井五一郎 : 高速液体クロマトグラフィーによる生体中のフィロキノンおよびメナキノン-4の螢光定量. 薬学雑誌, 99 : 192 (1979)
 
26) 広島修, 阿部皓一, 池谷理, 大前雅彦, 河部靖 : 螢光反応検出を利用した高速液体クロマトグラフィーによる生体中のフィロキノン 2, 3-エポキシドおよびメナキノン 2, 3-エポキシドの定量. 薬学雑誌, 99 : 1007 (1979)
 
27) 白幡聡, 中村外士雄, 小松啓子, 椎木みどり, 萱蔦成美 : 血清ならびに糞便中のビタミンK (phylloquinoneおよびmenaquinone-4) の測定成績-とくに新生児と成人の比較. 医学のあゆみ, 129 (1) : 21 (1984)
 
28) 佐藤孝義, 八尋政利, 下田幸三, 浅居良輝, 浜本典男 : 高速液体クロマトグラフィーによる乳, 粉乳および植物油脂中のビタミンKの定量法. 日本栄養・食糧学会誌, 38 : 451 (1985)
Medical*Online
29) Sakano T., Nagaoka T., Morimoto A. and Hirauchi K. : Measurement of K vitamins in human and animal feeces by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 34 : 4322 (1986)
PubMed
30) Lambert W. E., De Leenheer A. P. and Lefevere M. F. : Determination of vitamin K in serum using HPLC with post-column reaction and fluorecence detection. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 24 : 76 (1986)
 
31) Lefevere M. F. and Frei R. W., Scholten A. H. M. T. and Brinkman U. A. T. : Photochemical reaction detection of phylloquinone and menaquinones. A comparison with chemical post-columns reaction for fluorescence detection. Chromatographia, 15 : 459 (1982)
 
32) (a) 篠光正 : ビタミンKの測定法と血中濃度. ビタミンK機能セミナー (第2回) 発表 (1985) (b) Shino M. : Determination of endogenous vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinone-n) in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using platinum oxide catalyst reduction and fluorecence detection. Analyst, 113 : 393 (1988)
 
33) Collins M. D. : A note on the separation of natural mixture of bacterial menaquinones using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 52 : 457 (1982)
 
34) Abe K., Kusube K., Mukasa K., Ishiguro Y., Sato T., Ishikawa S, and Hoshida H. : Determination of vitamins A, E and K and ubiquinones in plasma by very high speed liquid chromatography. Bunseki Kagaku, 33 : E309 (1984)
 
35) 白幡聡, 萱蔦成美 : ビタミンKの高感度測定法. Medical Way, 2 : 71 (1985)
 
36) 篠光正 : unpublished data
 
37) Collins M. D. and Jones D. : Destribution of isoprenoid quinones structural types in bacteria and their taxonomic implications. Microbiol. Rev., 45 (2) : 316 (1981)
 
38) Dunphy P. J. and Brodie A. F. : The structure and function of quinones in respiratory metabolism. Methods Enzymol, 18C : 407 (1971)
 
39) Lefevere M. F. L., Claey A. E. and Leeheer A. P. : Vitamin K : Phylloquinone and menaquinones. Chromatogr. Sci., 31 : 201 (1985)
 
P.39 掲載の参考文献
1) Bentley R. and Meganathan R. : Biosynthesis of vitamin K (menaquinone) in bacteria. MicrobioL Rev., 46 : 241, (1982).
PubMed
2) 谷吉樹 : ビタミンK生合成研究-最近の進歩. ビタミン. 61 : 574, (1987).
Medical*Online
3) Taber H. (Suttie J. W.) : Functions of vitamin K2 in microorganisms. In : Vitamin K metabolism and vitamin K-dependent proteins. p.177. University Park Press, Baltimore (1980).
 
4) Van Buskirk J. J., Low M. and Kirsch W. M. (Suttie J. W.) : Growth-related changes in the carboxylation of E. coli ribosomes. In : Vitamin K metabolism and vitamin K-dependent proteins. p.274, University Park Press, Baltimore (1980).
 
5) Ramotar K., Conly J. M., Chubb H. and Louie T. J. : Production of menaquinones by intestinal anaerobes. J. Infect. Dis., 150 : 213, (1984).
PubMed
6) Collins M. D. and Jones D. : Distribution of isoprenoid quinone structural types in bacteria and their taxonomic implications. Microbiol. Rev., 45 : 316, 1981.
 
7) 白幡聡, 中村外士雄 : ヒト生体試料中のvitamin K1 (phylloquinone) およびvitamin K2 (menaquinones) 同族体の個別測定, 血液と脈管 16 : 395, (1985).
 
8) Shino M. : Determination of endogenous vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinone-n) in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using platinum oxide catalyst reduction and fluorescence detection. Analyst, 113 : 393 (1988).
PubMed
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III. ビタミンKの作用機序

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IV. ビタミンK依存性凝固因子の生合成とプロセシング

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V. ビタミンK依存性蛋白質とその機能

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VI. ビタミンKの臨床

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