量子流体力学(電子書籍版)

出版社： 丸善出版
著者：
発行日： 2018-02-20
分野： 基礎・関連科学  >  基礎医学関連科学一般
ISBN： 9784621302477
電子書籍版： 2018-02-20 （電子書籍版）
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量子流体力学とは，量子凝縮した系の流体力学を意味しています。量子流体力学は近年大きな注目を集めており，物性物理学，流体力学，量子力学，統計力学，非線形・非平衡物理学などを横断する魅力ある学問分野となっています。本書では，超流動ヘリウム4，超流動ヘリウム3，原子気体ボース・アインシュタイン凝縮体の系をおもに扱い，歴史的背景を交えながら，筆者らのここ十数年の研究を題材として基礎から体系的にまとめられています。関連諸分野の研究者，大学院生にとって有用な1冊です。

目次

  • 表紙
  • まえがき
  • 目次
  • 第1章 量子流体力学への誘い
  • 1.1 巨視的量子現象
  • 1.2 超流動と量子渦
  • 1.3 量子乱流
  • 1.4 さまざまな量子流体
  • 第2章 量子流体力学の基礎
  • 2.1 量子統計力学の基礎
  • 2.1.1 同種N粒子系の状態
  • 2.2 素励起描像
  • 2.2.1 Bose流体の素励起
  • 2.2.2 Fermi流体の素励起
  • 2.3 Bose凝縮と巨視的波動関数
  • 2.3.1 場の量子化
  • 2.3.2 非対角長距離秩序
  • 2.3.3 対称性の破れと秩序変数
  • 2.4 秩序変数の運動方程式と量子渦
  • 2.4.1 Gross - Pitaevskii方程式
  • 2.4.2 循環の量子化と量子渦
  • 2.5 素励起とLandauの臨界速度
  • 2.5.1 流体力学方程式による解析
  • 2.5.2 Bogoliubov - de Gennes方程式による解析
  • 2.5.3 超流動のLandau臨界速度
  • 2.6 超流動4He
  • 2.6.1 2流体模型
  • 2.7 超流動3He
  • 2.7.1 Cooper対の対称性
  • 2.7.2 フェルミオン超流体の定式化
  • 2.7.3 超流動密度
  • 2.7.4 B相の超流動性
  • 2.7.5 A相の超流動性
  • 2.8 冷却原子気体BEC
  • 2.8.1 レーザー冷却と蒸発冷却
  • 2.8.2 冷却原子気体BECの特徴
  • 2.8.3 原子の束縛ポテンシャル
  • 2.8.4 原子間相互作用
  • 2.8.5 凝縮体の定常状態
  • 2.8.6 凝縮体の集団運動
  • 2.9 原子気体多成分BEC
  • 2.9.1 2成分BEC
  • 2.9.2 スピノールBEC
  • 第3章 超流動ヘリウムの量子渦
  • 3.1 超流動4Heの量子渦
  • 3.1.1 循環の量子化
  • 3.1.2 熱対向流
  • 3.2 量子渦糸のダイナミクス
  • 3.2.1 量子渦の基本的な運動
  • 3.2.2 量子渦糸の再結合
  • 3.2.3 量子渦の運動の可視化
  • 3.2.4 回転超流動と量子渦格子
  • 3.3 超流動3Heの量子渦
  • 3.3.1 B相の渦
  • 3.3.2 A相の渦
  • 第4章 原子気体Bose - Einstein凝縮体の量子渦
  • 4.1 原子気体BECの渦
  • 4.1.1 渦の生成と観測
  • 4.1.2 原子気体BECにおける量子渦の性質
  • 4.2 回転BECにおける渦格子
  • 4.2.1 渦格子形成のダイナミクス
  • 4.2.2 渦格子をもつBECの構造
  • 4.3 2成分BECにおける渦
  • 4.3.1 量子渦の循環
  • 4.3.2 1本の量子渦構造
  • 4.3.3 渦格子構造
  • 4.3.4 Rabi結合による渦分子構造
  • 4.4 スピノールBECにおける量子渦
  • 4.4.1 量子渦の循環
  • 4.4.2 F = 1スピノールBECの量子渦
  • 4.4.3 F = 2スピノールBECの渦
  • 4.5 ホモトピーを用いた量子渦の分類
  • 4.5.1 量子渦の分類
  • 4.6 非可換量子渦の衝突ダイナミクス
  • 4.6.1 非可換量子渦のトポロジカルチャージ
  • 4.6.2 量子渦の衝突におけるトポロジー
  • 4.6.3 スピノールBECにおける量子渦の衝突ダイナミクス
  • 第5章 量子流体力学的不安定性
  • 5.1 流れの不安定性
  • 5.1.1 流れの線形安定性
  • 5.1.2 古典流体における流れの不安定性
  • 5.1.3 巨視的量子効果の影響
  • 5.2 2相超流体界面をもつ流れの不安定性
  • 5.2.1 リプロン励起に対する線形安定性
  • 5.2.2 超流動3HeのAB界面
  • 5.2.3 2成分BECにおけるKelvin - Helmholtz不安定性
  • 5.2.4 2成分BECにおけるRayleigh - Taylor不安定性
  • 5.3 完全対向流の不安定性
  • 5.3.1 SN対向流の不安定性
  • 5.3.2 対向超流動の不安定性
  • 5.4 物体を過ぎる流れの不安定性
  • 5.4.1 円柱まわりの定常な流れ
  • 5.4.2 量子渦の放出
  • 5.4.3 安定性相図とKarman渦列
  • 第6章 量子乱流
  • 6.1 古典乱流の諸性質
  • 6.2 量子乱流研究の意義
  • 6.3 量子乱流の諸性質
  • 6.3.1 量子乱流のエネルギーカスケード描像
  • 6.3.2 量子乱流のReynolds数
  • 6.4 量子乱流のエネルギースペクトル
  • 6.4.1 超流動ヘリウム乱流のエネルギースペクトル
  • 6.4.2 渦糸近似による量子乱流のエネルギースペクトル
  • 6.4.3 GP方程式による量子乱流のエネルギースペクトル
  • 6.5 減衰量子乱流
  • 6.6 熱対向流下の量子乱流
  • 6.6.1 熱対向流による乱流遷移
  • 6.6.2 量子渦糸模型による解析
  • 6.6.3 熱対向流の可視化
  • 6.7 振動物体がつくる量子乱流
  • 6.8 原子気体BECの乱流
  • 6.8.1 振動ポテンシャル中の量子乱流
  • 6.8.2 2次元量子乱流
  • 6.8.3 スピノールBECのスピン乱流
  • 第7章 量子流体系と他の物理系とのつながり
  • 7.1 超流体におけるKibble - Zurek機構
  • 7.1.1 KZ機構の理論
  • 7.1.2 KZ機構の検証実験
  • 7.2 超流体と曲がった時空との類似性
  • 7.2.1 音響計量
  • 7.2.2 音響ブラックホールとHawking輻射
  • 7.2.3 超流体におけるHawking輻射の模擬実験
  • 7.3 中性子星と超流体
  • 7.3.1 中性子星の内部構造
  • 7.3.2 パルサーグリッチ
  • 7.4 液晶と量子流体との類似性
  • 7.4.1 ネマティック液晶の性質
  • 7.4.2 ネマティック液晶の転傾
  • 7.4.3 液晶の乱流と量子乱流の類似性
  • まとめと展望
  • 付録A 群論の基礎
  • A.1 群の定義と基本的な性質
  • A.1.1 同型
  • A.1.2 共役類
  • A.1.3 部分群と正規部分群
  • A.1.4 商集合と商群
  • A.1.5 直積群
  • A.2 具体的な群の例
  • A.2.1 有限群の例
  • A.2.2 連続群の例
  • 付録B ホモトピーと位相欠陥
  • B.1 秩序変数空間
  • B.2 基本群による分類
  • 参考文献
  • 索引
  • 奥付

この書籍の参考文献

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本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

参考文献

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