精巣腫瘍病理アトラス

出版社： 文光堂
著者：
発行日： 2021-06-22
分野： 臨床医学：基礎  >  臨床病理学
ISBN： 9784830604836
電子書籍版： 2021-06-22 （第1版第1刷）
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10万人に1人の発症とされる精巣腫瘍．しかし，15～35歳の男性においては最も多い悪性腫瘍である．本書は，多くの疾患の診断に携わる病理医が，効率よく精巣腫瘍の知識を修得し，質の高い病理診断が行えるように，アトラスとしての特徴を最大限に生かすような構成となっている．「総論」では精巣腫瘍の分類，鑑別診断および標準的な治療などについて図譜を多用して解説．「各論」では，各疾患について「臨床所見」「肉眼所見」「組織所見」の見出しを設け，必要最小限の説明とともに，美麗かつ豊富な肉眼・病理組織写真を掲載した．精巣腫瘍に対する病理診断能力の底上げを図り，患者の予後の改善を目指した病理医必携の１冊．

目次

  • 第1部　総論
    　I．精巣腫瘍の組織発生・分類
    　　1．胚細胞腫瘍
    　　　1　歴史的背景
    　　　2　現在の胚細胞腫瘍の分類
    　　　3　分子生物学的観点（腫瘍発生段階）からの胚細胞腫瘍分類
    　　　4　胚細胞腫瘍と家族性遺伝子異常
    　　2．性索間質性腫瘍
    　II．切除検体の取り扱いと肉眼観察の基礎
    　　　1　基本的確認事項
    　　　2　新鮮標本の取り扱いと固定
    　　　3　切り出しと肉眼観察
    　III．精巣腫瘍鑑別診断のアプローチ
    　　　1　腫瘍系統別の発生頻度
    　　　2　腫瘍発症年齢の特徴
    　　　3　GCNIS検索の意義と有用性
    　　　4　腫瘍組織パターン別の鑑別診断
    　IV．精巣腫瘍の標準的治療
    　　　1　病期および予後分類
    　　　2　病期Ⅰ精巣腫瘍の治療
    　　　3　病期Ⅱ精巣腫瘍の治療
    　　　4　進行期精巣腫瘍の治療
    　V．治療に伴う腫瘍の組織学的変化
    　　　1　臨床的事項
    　　　2　肉眼所見
    　　　3　組織所見
    　VI．腫瘍マーカー
    　　　1　腫瘍マーカーの種類
    　　　2　組織型の推定
    　　　3　治療効果判定
    　　　4　新しいバイオマーカーの開発

    第2部　各論
    　I．GCNIS由来胚細胞腫瘍
    　　　1　GCNIS
    　　　2　セミノーマ
    　　　3　胎児性癌
    　　　4　絨毛性腫瘍
    　　　5　卵黄囊腫瘍，思春期後型
    　　　6　奇形腫，思春期後型
    　　　7　体細胞型悪性腫瘍を伴う奇形腫
    　　　8　複数の組織型を有する非セミノーマ性胚細胞腫瘍（混合型胚細胞腫瘍）
    　　　9　退縮性胚細胞腫瘍
    　II．GCNIS非関連胚細胞腫瘍
    　　　1　精母細胞性腫瘍
    　　　2　奇形腫，思春期前型
    　　　3　卵黄囊腫瘍，思春期前型および奇形腫・卵黄囊腫瘍混合型，思春期前型
    　　［コラム1］奇形腫，思春期前型の成人症例
    　III．性索間質性腫瘍
    　　　1　Leydig細胞腫
    　　　2　Sertoli細胞腫
    　　　3　顆粒膜細胞腫
    　　　4　莢膜細胞腫－線維腫群腫瘍
    　　　5　混合型および分類不能型性索間質性腫瘍
    　　［コラム2］性索間質性腫瘍の診断困難例
    　IV．胚細胞および性索間質成分両者を持つ腫瘍
    　　　性腺芽腫
    　V．その他の精巣腫瘍（卵巣上皮型腫瘍，若年性黄色肉芽腫および血管腫）
    　VI．血液リンパ組織性腫瘍
    　　　1　悪性リンパ腫
    　　　2　その他の血液系腫瘍（形質細胞腫，骨髄肉腫）　
    　VII．集合管と精巣網の腫瘍
    　　　腺腫および腺癌
    　VIII．傍精巣組織の腫瘍
    　　　1　腺腫様（アデノマトイド）腫瘍および中皮腫
    　　　2　精巣上体腫瘍
    　　　3　その他の腫瘍（黒色神経外胚葉性腫瘍，腎芽腫，傍神経節腫）
    　IX．精管および精巣付属器の間葉系腫瘍
    　　　1　脂肪細胞性腫瘍
    　　　2　平滑筋性腫瘍
    　　　3　横紋筋性腫瘍
    　　　4　線維芽細胞性/筋線維芽細胞性腫瘍およびその他の間葉系腫瘍
    　X．転移性腫瘍
    　XI．腫瘍様病変
    　　　1　精巣・精巣上体の腫瘍様病変
    　　　2　精管・精巣付属器の腫瘍様病変
    　　　
    第3部　診断に有用な免疫組織化学および遺伝子検索
    　I．精巣腫瘍・傍精巣腫瘍に対する一般的なアプローチ
    　　　1　精巣腫瘍・傍精巣腫瘍の組織診断に頻用される免疫組織化学抗体
    　　　2　精巣腫瘍・傍精巣腫瘍の初期鑑別フローチャート
    　　　3　12番染色体短腕増幅の検出とその意義
    　II．胚細胞腫瘍
    　　1．胚細胞腫瘍の免疫染色
    　　　1　単一型の組織型の鑑別－セミノーマを中心に
    　　　2　複数の構成成分の鑑別－混合型胚細胞腫瘍に多い組み合わせ
    　　　3　その他－非浸潤性胚細胞腫瘍，病期分類や再発因子の判定
    　　2．FISHによる12p増幅の検出が有用であった類表皮囊腫（奇形腫，思春期前型）の症例
    　III．性索間質性腫瘍
    　　1．性索間質性腫瘍の診断に有用な免疫染色
    　　　1　性索間質性腫瘍の分化マーカー
    　　　2　非特異的であるが性索間質性腫瘍で陽性になるマーカー
    　　　3　性索間質性腫瘍における上皮性マーカーの発現について
    　　2．鑑別に有用な免疫染色パネル
    　　　1　胚細胞腫瘍と性索間質性腫瘍の鑑別
    　　　2　類似の組織形態を示す腫瘍の鑑別
    　　3．性索間質性腫瘍と関連する遺伝子異常
    　IV．その他の精巣および傍精巣腫瘍
    　　1．上皮性腫瘍
    　　　1　卵巣上皮型腫瘍
    　　　2　精巣網の腺腫・腺癌
    　　　3　精巣上体の乳頭状囊胞腺腫・腺癌
    　　2．中皮性腫瘍
    　　　1　腺腫様（アデノマトイド）腫瘍
    　　　2　中皮腫
    　　3．血液リンパ組織性腫瘍
    　　4．精管および精巣付属器の間葉系腫瘍
    　　　1　脂肪細胞性腫瘍
    　　　2　平滑筋性腫瘍
    　　　3　骨格筋性腫瘍
    　　　4　線維芽細胞性/筋線維芽細胞性腫瘍
    　　5．転移性腫瘍

この書籍の参考文献

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本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

第1部 総論

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第2部 各論

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5) Ulbright TM, Young RH : Seminoma with tubular, microcystic, and related patterns : a study of 28 cases of unusual morphologic variants that often cause confusion with yolk sac tumor. Am J Surg Pathol 29 : 500-505, 2005
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6) Trevino KE, Esmaeili-Shandiz A, Saeed O et al : Pathological risk factors for higher clinical stage in testicular seminomas. Histopathology 73 : 741-747, 2018
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4) Kao CS, Ulbright TM, Young RH et al : Testicular embryonal carcinoma : a morphologic study of 180 cases highlighting unusual and unemphasized aspects. Am J Surg Pathol 38 : 689-697, 2014
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8) Nonaka D : Differential expression of SOX2 and SOX17 in testicular germ cell tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 131 : 731-736, 2009
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4) Ulbright TM, Henley JD, Cummings OW et al : Cystic trophoblastic tumor : a nonaggressive lesion in postchemotherapy resections of patients with testicular germ cell tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 28 : 1212-1216, 2004
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1) Ulbright TM : Pitfalls in the interpretation of specimens from patients with testicular tumours, with an emphasis on variant morphologies. Pathology 50 : 88-99, 2018
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4) Kao CS, Ulbright TM, Young RH et al : Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma : a morphologic study of 180 cases highlighting unusual and unemphasized aspects. Am J Surg Pathol 38 : 689-697, 2014
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P.67 掲載の参考文献
1) Moch H, Humphrey PA, Ulbright TM et al (eds) : WHO Classification. Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, 4th ed, IARC Press, 2016
 
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3) Ulbright TM : Gonadal teratomas : a review and speculation. Adv Anat Pathol 11 : 10-23, 2004
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1) Moch H, Humphrey P, Ulbright TM et al (eds) : WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, 4th ed, IARC Press, 2016
 
2) Colecchia M, Necchi A, Paolini B et al : Teratoma with somatic-type malignant components in germ cell tumors of the testis : a clinicopathologic analysis of 40 cases with outcome correlation. Int J Surg Pathol 19 : 321-327, 2011
 
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4) Magers MJ, Kao CS, Cole CD et al : "Somatic-type" malignancies arising from testicular germ cell tumors : a clinicopathologic study of 124 cases with emphasis on glandular tumors supporting frequent yolk sac tumor origin. Am J Surg Pathol 38 : 1396-1409, 2014
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5) Guo CC, Punar M, Contreras AL et al : Testicular germ cell tumors with sarcomatous components : an analysis of 33 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 33 : 1173-1178, 2009
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6) Motzer RJ, Amsterdam A, Prieto V et al : Teratoma with malignant transformation : diverse malignant histologies arising in men with germ cell tumors. J Urol 159 : 133-138, 1998
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1) Moch H, Humphrey PA, Ulbright TM et al (eds) : WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, 4th ed, IARC Press, 2016, 217-218
 
2) Ulbright TM, Young RH (eds) : AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology Series 4 ; Tumors of the Testis and Adjacent Structures, ARP Press, 2013, 221-226
 
3) Amin MB, Tickoo SK (eds) : Diagnostic Pathology ; Genitourinary, 2nd ed, Elsevier, 2016, 800-801
 
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1) Moch H, Humphrey PA, Ulbright TM et al (eds) : WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, 4th ed, IARC Press, 2016, 218-221
 
2) Ulbright TM, Young RH (eds) : AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology Series 4 ; Tumors of the Testis and Adjacent Structures, ARP Press, 2013, 99-112
 
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1) Ross JH, Rybicki L, Kay R : Clinical behavior and a contemporary management algorithm for prepubertal testis tumors : a summary of the Prepubertal Testis Tumor Registry. J Urol 168 : 1675-1678, 2002
 
2) Moch H, Humphrey PA, Ulbright TM et al (eds) : WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, 4th ed, IARC Press, 2016
 
3) Epifanio M, Baldissera M, Esteban FG et al : Mature testicular teratoma in children : multifaceted tumors on ultrasound. Urology 83 : 195-197, 2014
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4) Zhang C, Berney DM, Hirsch MS et al : Evidence supporting the existence of benign teratomas of the postpubertal testis : a clinical, histopathologic, and molecular genetic analysis of 25 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 37 : 827-835, 2013
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5) Shah KH, Maxted WC, Chun B : Epidermoid cysts of the testis : a report of three cases and an analysis of 141 cases from the world literature. Cancer 47 : 577-582, 1981
 
6) Ulbright TM, Srigley JR : Dermoid cyst of the testis : a study of five postpubertal cases, including a pilomatrixoma-like variant, with evidence supporting its separate classification from mature testicular teratoma. Am J Surg Pathol 25 : 788-793, 2001
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7) Wang WP, Guo C, Berney DM et al : Primary carcinoid tumors of the testis : a clinicopathologic study of 29 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 34 : 519-524, 2010
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8) Merino J, Zuluaga A, Gutierrez-Tejero F et al : Pure testicular carcinoid associated with intratubular germ cell neoplasia. J Clin Pathol 58 : 1331-1333, 2005
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P.100 掲載の参考文献
1) Ross JH, Rybicki L, Kay R : Clinical behavior and a contemporary management algorithm for prepubertal testis tumors : a summary of the Prepubertal Testis Tumor Registry. J Urol 168 : 1675-1678, 2002
 
2) Oosterhuis JW, Stoop JA, Rijlaarsdam MA et al : Pediatric germ cell tumors presenting beyond childhood? Andrology 3 : 70-77, 2015
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3) Moch H, Humphrey PA, Ulbright TM et al (eds) : WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, 4th ed, IARC Press, 2016
 
4) Lee SD : Epidemiological and clinical behavior of prepubertal testicular tumors in Korea. J Urol 172 : 674-678, 2004
 
5) Ross JH : Prepubertal testicular tumors. Urology 74 : 94-99, 2009
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P.106 掲載の参考文献
1) Zhang C, Berney DM, Hirsch MS et al : Evidence supporting the existence of benign teratomas of the postpubertal testis : a clinical, histopathologic, and molecular genetic analysis of 25 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 37 : 827-835, 2013
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P.112 掲載の参考文献
1) Moch H, Humphrey PA, Ulbright TM et al (eds) : WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, 4th ed, IARC Press, 2016, 228-232
 
2) Ulbright TM, Young RH (eds) : AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology Series 4 ; Tumors of the Testis and Adjacent Structures, ARP Press, 2013, 239-271
 
3) Amin MB, Tickoo SK (eds) : Diagnostic Pathology ; Genitourinary, 2nd ed, Elsevier, 2016, 828-837
 
P.119 掲載の参考文献
1) Cornejo KM, Young RH : Adult granulosa cell tumors of the testis : a report of 32 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 38 : 1242-1250, 2014
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2) Hanson JA, Ambaye AB : Adult testicular granulosa cell tumor : a review of the literature for clinicopathologic predictors of malignancy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 135 : 143-146, 2011
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3) Kao CS, Cornejo KM, Ulbright TM et al : Juvenile granulosa cell tumors of the testis : a clinicopathologic study of 70 cases with emphasis on its wide morphologic spectrum. Am J Surg Pathol 39 : 1159-1169, 2015
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P.122 掲載の参考文献
1) Oliva E, Young RH, Ulbright TM : Tumours in the fibroma-thecoma group. Tumours of the testis and paratesticular tissue. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, 4th ed, Mock H, Humphrey PA, Ulbright TM et al (eds), IARC Press, 2016, 233-234
 
2) Ueda M, Kanematsu A, Nishiyama H et al : Testicular thecoma in an 11-year-old boy with nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome). J Pediatr Surg 45 : E1-E3, 2010
 
3) Zhang M, Kao CS, Ulbright TM et al : Testicular fibrothecoma, a morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 16 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 37 : 1208-1214, 2013
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P.124 掲載の参考文献
1) Ulbright TM, Young RH : Sex cord-stromal tumors. AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology : Tumors of the Testis and Adjacent Structures, Ulbright TM, Young RH (eds), ARP Press, 2013, 239-309
 
2) Young RH : Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary and testis : Their similarities and differences with consideration of selected problems. Mod Pathol 18 Suppl 2 : S81-98, 2005
 
P.128 掲載の参考文献
1) Ulbright TM, Srigley JR, Reuter VE et al : Sex cord-stromal tumors of the testis with entrapped germ cells : A lesion mimicking unclassified mixed germ cell sex cord-stromal tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 24 : 535-542, 2000
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2) Young RH : Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary and testis : Their similarities and differences with consideration of selected problems. Mod Pathol 18 Suppl 2 : S81-98, 2005
 
3) Ulbright TM, Young RH : Sex cord-stromal tumors. AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology : Tumors of the Testis and Adjacent Structures. Ulbright TM, Young RH (eds), ARP Press, 2013, 239-309
 
4) Lou W, Cao D, Yang J et al : Retiform Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of ovary in a 9-year-old girl : case report and review of the literature. Int J Clin Oncol 16 : 705-708, 2011
 
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2) Kao CS, Idrees MT, Young RH et al : "Dissecting Gonadoblastoma" of Scully : A Morphologic Variant That Often Mimics Germinoma. A report of four cases and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 40 : 1417-1423, 2016
 
3) Roth LM, Cheng L : Gonadoblastoma : origin and outcome. Hum Pathol 100 : 47-53, 2020
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P.133 掲載の参考文献
1) Amin MB : Selected other problematic testicular and paratesticular lesions : rete testis neoplasms and pseudotumors, mesothelial lesions and secondary tumors. Mod Pathol 18 Suppl 2 : S131-145, 2005
 
2) Young RH, Scully RE : Testicular and paratesticular tumors and tumor-like lesions of ovarian common epithelial and mullerian types. Am J Clin Pathol 86 : 146-152, 1986
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3) Ulbright TM, Young RH (eds) : AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology Series 4 ; Tumors of the Testis and Adjacent Structures, ARP Press, 2013
 
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5) Ulbright TM, Young RH : Primary Mucinous tumors of the testis and paratestis : A report of nine cases. Am J Surg Pathol 27 : 1221-1228, 2003
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6) Obliers A, Hinz R, Erbersdobler A : Endometrioid borderline tumor of the testis. A rare cause of cystic neoplasia. Pathologe 35 : 504-507, 2014
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14) Al-Obaidy KI, Idrees MT, Grignon DJ et al : Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis : Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characterization of 6 cases and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 43 : 670-681, 2019
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1) Al-Obaidy KI, Alruwaii FI, Ulbright TM et al : Appendageal tumors and tumor-like lesions of the testis and paratestis : a 32-year experience at a single institution. Hum Pathol 103 : 25-33, 2020
 
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4) Paluru S, Ulbright TM, Amin M et al : The Morphologic Spectrum of Sertoliform Cystadenoma of the Rete Testis : A Series of 15 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 42 : 141-149, 2018
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5) Amin MB : Selected other problematic testicular and paratesticular lesions : rete testis neoplasms and pseudotumors, mesothelial lesions and secondary tumors. Mod Pathol 18 Suppl 2 : S131-145, 2005
 
P.152 掲載の参考文献
1) Khoubehi B, Mishra V, Ali M et al : Adult paratesticular tumours. BJU Int 90 : 707-715, 2002
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2) Perez-Ordonez B, Srigley JR : Mesothelial lesions of the paratesticular region. Semin Diagn Pathol 17 : 294-306, 2000
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3) Moch H, Humphrey PA et al (eds) : WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, 4th ed, IARC Press, 2016
 
4) Amin W, Parwani AV : Adenomatoid tumor of testis. Clin Med Pathol 2 : 17-22, 2009
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5) Sangoi AR, McKenney JK, Schwartz EJ et al : Adenomatoid tumors of the female and male genital tracts : a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 44 cases. Mod Pathol 22 : 1228-1235, 2009
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6) Ulbright TM, Young RH (eds) : Tumors of the Testis and Adjacent Structures, 4th series, ARP Press, 2013
 
7) Ordonez NG : The diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in distinguishing between peritoneal mesotheliomas and serous carcinomas : a comparative study. Mod Pathol 19 : 34-48, 2006
 
8) Brimo F, Illei PB, Epstein JI : Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis : a series of eight cases with uncertain malignant potential. Mod Pathol 23 : 1165-1172, 2010
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9) Attanoos RL, Griffin A, Gibbs AR : The use of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing reactive from neoplastic mesothelium : a novel use for desmin and comparative evaluation with epithelial membrane antigen, p53, platelet-derived growth factor-receptor, P-glycoprotein and Bcl-2. Histopathology 43 : 231-238, 2003
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10) Delahunt B, Eble JN, King D et al : Immunohistochemical evidence for mesothelial origin of paratesticular adenomatoid tumour. Histopathology 36 : 109-115, 2000
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2) 加納英人, 足立康久, 長浜克志他 : 精巣腫瘍との鑑別が困難であった精巣上体乳頭状嚢胞腺腫の1 例. 泌尿器科紀要 58 : 39-43, 2012
 
3) Cox R, Vang R, Epstein JI : Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis and broad ligament : morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap with clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 38 : 713-718, 2014
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4) Ganem JP, Jhaveri FM, Marroum MC : Primary adenocarcinoma of the epididymis : case report and review of the literature. Urology 52 : 904-908, 1998
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5) Zou ZJ, Xiao YM, Liu ZH et al : Clinicopathological Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis of Rarely Primary Epididymal Adenocarcinoma : A Review and Update. Biomed Res Int 2017 : 4126740, 2017
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6) Moch H, Humphrey PA et al (eds) : WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, 4th ed, IARC Press, 2016
 
P.160 掲載の参考文献
1) Soles BS, Wilson A, Lucas DR et al : Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 142 : 1358-1363, 2018
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2) Kruse-Losler B, Gaertner C, Burger H et al : Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy : systematic review of the literature and presentation of a case. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 102 : 204-216, 2006
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3) Rachidi S, Sood AJ, Patel KG et al : Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy : A Systematic Review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 73 : 1946-1956, 2015
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4) Shojaeian R, Hiradfar M, Sharifabad PS et al : Extrarenal Wilms tumor : challenges in diagnosis, embryology, treatment and prognosis. Wilms tumor, Marry M (eds), Codon Publications, 2016, 77-93
 
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6) Yamamoto T, Nishizawa S, Ogiso Y : Paratesticular extrarenal Wilms' tumor. Int J Urol 19 : 490-491, 2012
 
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8) Groth TW, Southern J, Goetz JT et al : A Case of Primary Paratesticular Wilms Tumor in an Undescended Testis. Urology 129 : 197-199, 2019
 
9) Gontarz B, Hegde P, McFadden D : Paraganglioma of the spermatic cord : a case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 60 : 368-370, 2019
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10) Purnell S, Sidana A, Maruf M et al : Genitourinary paraganglioma : Demographic, pathologic, and clinical characteristics in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database (2000-2012). Urol Oncol 35 : 457.e9-457.e14, 2017
 
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1) Fisher C, Goldblum JR, Epstein JI et al : Leiomyosarcoma of the paratesticular region. A clinicopathologic study. Am J Surg Pathol 25 : 1143-1149, 2001
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P.176 掲載の参考文献
1) Cummings OW, Ulbright TM, Young RH et al : Desmoplastic small round cell tumors of the paratesticular region. A report of six cases. Am J Surg Pathol 21 : 219-225, 1997
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第3部 診断に有用な免疫組織化学および遺伝子検索

P.202 掲載の参考文献
1) Oosterhuis JW, Castedo SM, de Jong B et al : Ploidy of primary germ cell tumors of the testis. Pathogenetic and clinical relevance. Lab Invest 60 : 14-21, 1989
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2) Kernek KM, Brunelli M, Ulbright TM et al : Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of chromosome 12p in paraffin-embedded tissue is useful for establishing germ cell origin of metastatic tumors. Mod Pathol 17 : 1309-1313, 2004
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3) Wegman SJ, Parwani AV, Zynger DL : Cytokeratin 7, inhibin, and p63 in testicular germ cell tumor : superior markers of choriocarcinoma compared to β-human chorionic gonadotropin. Hum Pathol 84 : 254-261, 2019
 
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1) Moch H, Humphrey PA, Ulbright TM et al (eds) : WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, 4th ed, IARC Press, 2016
 
2) 日本泌尿器科学会/日本病理学会/日本医学放射線学会/日本臨床腫瘍学会編 : 精巣腫瘍取扱い規約, 第4版, 金原出版, 2018
 
3) Ulbright TM, Tickoo SK, Berney DM et al : Best Practices Recommendations in the Application of Immunohistochemistry in Testicular Tumors : Report From the International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus Conference. Am J Surg Pathol 38 : e50-e59, 2014
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4) Miettinen M, Wang Z, McCue PA et al : SALL4 Expression in Germ Cell and Non-Germ Cell Tumors : a systematic immunohistochemical study of 3215 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 38 : 410-420, 2014
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