LOH症候群（加齢男性・性腺機能低下症）診療の手引き

出版社： 医学図書出版
著者：
発行日： 2022-12-10
分野： 臨床医学：外科  >  泌尿器科学
ISBN： 9784865174946
電子書籍版： 2022-12-10 （第1版）
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LOH症候群（加齢男性・性腺機能低下症）の適切な診断と的確な治療に役立つよう、LOHの概念・病態の概要や身体症状、診断基準、テストステロン補充療法などについて解説する。

目次

  • 1. LOHの概念・病態の概要
    2. LOH症候群の疫学
    3. テストステロンの産生と生理作用
    4. 身体症状
    5. 精神症状
    6. 性機能
    7. 代謝異常
    8. 診断基準
    9. テストステロン測定の臨床的意義
    10. 症状調査票
    11. 症状調査票とテストステロン
    12. 欧米におけるガイドライン
    13. テストステロン補充療法の方法
    14. テストステロン補充療法の効果
    15. テストステロン補充療法の副作用
    16. その他の薬物治療
    17. 漢方治療薬
    18. 運動療法
    19. 食品機能因子の効果
    20. LOH症候群における勃起障害
    21. LOH症候群におけるうつ病
    22. LOH症候群におけるメタボリックシンドローム
    23. LOH症候群における骨粗鬆症
    24. 今後の展望

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本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

1. LOHの概念・病態の概要

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2. LOH症候群の疫学

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3. テストステロンの産生と生理作用

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4. 身体症状

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5. 精神症状

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6. 性機能

P.21 掲載の参考文献
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11) Filippi S, Vignozzi L, Morelli A, et al:Testosterone partially ameliorates metabolic profile and erectile responsiveness to PDE5 inhibitors in an animal model of male metabolic syndrome. J Sex Med 6:3274-3288, 2009
 
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13) Petrone L, Mannucci E, Corona G, et al:Structured interview on erectile dysfunction(SIEDY):a new, multidimensional instrument for quantification of pathogenetic issues on erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 15:210-220, 2003
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7. 代謝異常

P.25 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本泌尿器科学会・日本Men's Health医学会「LOH症候群診療ガイドライン」検討ワーキング委員会編:加齢男性性腺機能低下症候群(LOH症候群)診療の手引き. じほう, 2007
 
2) Basaria S, Dobs AS:Risks versus benefits of testosterone therapy in elderly men. Drugs Aging 15:131-142, 1999
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3) Oh JY, Barrett-Connor E, Wedick NM, et al:Endogenous sex hormones and the development of type 2 diabetes in older men and women:the Rancho Bernardo study. Diabetes Care 25:55-60, 2002
 
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8. 診断基準

P.32 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本泌尿器科学会・日本Men's Health医学会「LOH症候群診療ガイドライン」検討ワーキング委員会編:加齢男性性腺機能低下症候群(LOH症候群)診療の手引き. じほう, 東京, 2007
 
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9. テストステロン測定の臨床的意義

P.39 掲載の参考文献
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10. 症状調査票

P.43 掲載の参考文献
1) Heinemann LA, Zimmermann T, Vermeulen A, et al:A new 'Aging Males' Symptoms' rating scale. Aging Male 2:105-114, 1999
 
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4) Lunenfeld B, Mskhalaya G, Kalinchenko S, et al:Recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in men-a suggested update. Aging Male 16:143-150, 2013
 
5) Salonia A, Bettocchi C, Carvalho J, et al:EAU guidelines on Sexual and Reproductive Health. ISBN 978-94-92671-07-3. 2020
 
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11. 症状調査票とテストステロン

P.46 掲載の参考文献
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6) Wu FC, Tajar A, Beynon JM, et al:Identification of late-onset hypogonadism in middle-aged and elderly men. N Engl J Med 363:123-135, 2010
 
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12. 欧米におけるガイドライン

P.51 掲載の参考文献
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4) Dean JD, McMahon CG, Guay AT, et al:The International Society for Sexual Medicine' s Process of Care for the Assessment and Management of Testosterone Deficiency in Adult Men. J Sex Med 12:1660-1686, 2015
 
5) Mulhall JP, Trost LW, Brannigan RE, et al:Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency:AUA Guideline. J Urol 200:423-432, 2018
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6) Hackett G, Kirby M, Edwards D, et al:British Society for Sexual Medicine Guidelines on Adult Testosterone Deficiency, With Statements for UK Practice. J Sex Med 14:1504-1523, 2017
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7) Morales A, Bebb RA, Manjoo P, et al:Diagnosis and management of testosterone deficiency syndrome in men:clinical practice guideline. CMAJ 187:1369-1377, 2015
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8) Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, et al:Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism:An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103:1715-1744, 2018
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9) Dohle GR, Arver S, Bettocchi C, et al:EAU guidelines on male hypogonadism. Available at:https://uroweb.org/guideline/male-hypogonadism/
 

13. テストステロン補充療法の方法

P.54 掲載の参考文献
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3) Hackett G, Kirby M, Edwards D, et al:British Society for Sexual Medicine Guidelines on Adult Testosterone Deficiency, With Statements for UK Practice. J Sex Med 14:1504-1523, 2017
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4) Morales A, Bebb RA, Manjoo P, et al:Diagnosis and management of testosterone deficiency syndrome in men:clinical practice guideline. Can Med Assoc J(CMAJ) 187:1369-1377, 2015
 
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17) Lunenfeld B, Mskhalaya G, Kalinchenko S, et al:Recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in men:a suggested update. Aging Male 16:143-150, 2013
 
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19) Wang C, Nieschlag E, Swerdloff R, et al:ISA, ISSAM, EAU, EAA and ASA recommendations:investigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in males. Int J Impot Res 21:1-8, 2009
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14. テストステロン補充療法の効果

P.65 掲載の参考文献
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21) Corona G, Giagulli VA, Maseroli E, et al:Testosterone supplementation and body composition:results from a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Endocrinol Invest 39:967-981, 2016
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22) Khripun I, Vorobyev S, Belousov I, et al:Influence of testosterone substitution on glycemic control and endothelial markers in men with newly diagnosed functional hypogonadism and type 2 diabetes mellitus:a randomized controlled trial. Aging Male 22:241-249, 2019
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23) Groti K,Zuran I, Antonic B, et al:The impact of testosterone replacement therapy on glycemic control, vascular function, and components of the metabolic syndrome in obese hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. Aging Male 21:158-169, 2018
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24) Magnussen LV, Glintborg D, Hermann P, et al:Effect of testosterone on insulin sensitivity, oxidative metabolism and body composition in aging men with type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy. Diabetes Obes Metab 18:980-989, 2016
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25) Gianatti EJ, Dupuis P, Hoermann R, et al:Effect of testosterone treatment on glucose metabolism in men with type 2 diabetes:a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 37:2098-2107, 2014
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26) Hackett G, Cole N, Bhartia M, et al:Testosterone replacement therapy improves metabolic parameters in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes but not in men with coexisting depression:the BLAST study. J Sex Med 11:840-856, 2014
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27) Jones TH, Arver S, Behre HM, et al:Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome(the TIMES2 study). Diabetes Care 34:828-837, 2011
 
28) Aversa A, Bruzziches R, Francomano D, et al:Effects of testosterone undecanoate on cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in middle-aged men with late-onset hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome:results from a 24-month, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study. J Sex Med 7:3495-3503, 2010
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29) Gopal RA, Bothra N, Acharya SV, et al:Treatment of hypogonadism with testosterone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract 16:570-576, 2010
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30) Kalinchenko SY, Tishova YA, Mskhalaya GJ, et al:Effects of testosterone supplementation on markers of the metabolic syndrome and inflammation in hypogonadal men with the metabolic syndrome:the double-blinded placebo-controlled Moscow study. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf) 73:602-612, 2010
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31) Kapoor D, Clarke S, Stanworth R, et al:The effect of testosterone replacement therapy on adipocytokines and C-reactive protein in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol 156:595-602, 2007
 
32) Shigehara K, Konaka H, Nohara T, et al:Effects of testosterone replacement therapy on metabolic syndrome among Japanese hypogonadal men:A subanalysis of a prospective randomised controlled trial(EARTH study). Andrologia 50, 2018
 
33) Heufelder AE, Saad F, Bunck MC, et al:Fifty-two-week treatment with diet and exercise plus transdermal testosterone reverses the metabolic syndrome and improves glycemic control in men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and subnormal plasma testosterone. J Androl 30:726-733, 2009
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34) Webb CM, Elkington AG, Kraidly MM, et al:Effects of oral testosterone treatment on myocardial perfusion and vascular function in men with low plasma testosterone and coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 101:618-624, 2008
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35) Cai X, Tian Y, Wu T, et al:Metabolic effects of testosterone replacement therapy on hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Asian J Androl 16:146-152, 2014
 
36) Zhang J, Yang B, Xiao W, et al:Effects of testosterone supplement treatment in hypogonadal adult males with T2DM:a meta-analysis and systematic review. World J Urol 36:1315-1326, 2018
 
37) Cherrier MM, Anderson K, Shofer J, et al:Testosterone treatment of men with mild cognitive impairment and low testosterone levels. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 30:421-430, 2015
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38) Borst SE, Yarrow JF, Fernandez C, et al:Cognitive effects of testosterone and finasteride administration in older hypogonadal men. Clin Interv Aging 9:1327-1333, 2014
PubMed
39) Spitzer M, Basaria S, Travison TG, et al:Effect of testosterone replacement on response to sildenafil citrate in men with erectile dysfunction:a parallel, randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 157:681-691, 2012
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40) Giltay EJ, Tishova YA, Mskhalaya GJ, et al:Effects of testosterone supplementation on depressive symptoms and sexual dysfunction in hypogonadal men with the metabolic syndrome. J Sex Med 7:2572-2582, 2010
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41) Shores MM, Kivlahan DR, Sadak TI, et al:A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of testosterone treatment in hypogonadal older men with subthreshold depression(dysthymia or minor depression). J Clin Psychiatry 70:1009-1016, 2009
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42) Wahjoepramono EJ, Asih PR, Aniwiyanti V, et al:The Effects of Testosterone Supplementation on Cognitive Functioning in Older Men. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 15:337-343, 2016
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43) Snyder PJ, Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, et al:Effects of Testosterone Treatment in Older Men. N Engl J Med 374:611-624, 2016
 
44) Ng Tang Fui M, Hoermann R, Prendergast LA, et al:Symptomatic response to testosterone treatment in dieting obese men with low testosterone levels in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Int J Obes(Lond) 41:420-426, 2017
 
45) Gianatti EJ, Dupuis P, Hoermann R, et al:Effect of testosterone treatment on constitutional and sexual symptoms in men with type 2 diabetes in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:3821-3828, 2014
 
46) Del Fabbro E, Garcia JM, Dev R, et al:Testosterone replacement for fatigue in hypogonadal ambulatory males with advanced cancer:a preliminary double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 21:2599-2607, 2013
 
47) Pope HG Jr, Amiaz R, Brennan BP, et al:Parallel-group placebo-controlled trial of testosterone gel in men with major depressive disorder displaying an incomplete response to standard antidepressant treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol 30:126-134, 2010
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48) Seidman SN, Orr G, Raviv G, et al:Effects of testosterone replacement in middle-aged men with dysthymia:a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 29:216-221, 2009
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49) Walther A, Breidenstein J, Miller R:Association of Testosterone Treatment With Alleviation of Depressive Symptoms in Men:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 76:31-40, 2019
 
50) Amanatkar HR, Chibnall JT, Seo BW, et al:Impact of exogenous testosterone on mood:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Ann Clin Psychiatry 26:19-32, 2014
 
51) Hackett G, Cole N, Saghir A, et al:Testosterone replacement therapy:improved sexual desire and erectile function in men with type 2 diabetes following a 30-week randomized placebo-controlled study. Andrology 5:905-913, 2017
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52) Wu F, Zitzmann M, Heiselman D, et al:Demographic and Clinical Correlates of Patient-Reported Improvement in Sex Drive, Erectile Function, and Energy With Testosterone Solution 2. J Sex Med 13:1212-1219, 2016
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53) Amiaz R, Pope HG Jr, Mahne T, et al:Testosterone gel replacement improves sexual function in depressed men taking serotonergic antidepressants:a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Sex Marital Ther 37:243-254, 2011
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54) Chiang HS, Cho SL, Lin YC, et al:Testosterone gel monotherapy improves sexual function of hypogonadal men mainly through restoring erection:evaluation by IIEF score. Urology 73:762-766, 2009
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55) Cunningham GR, Stephens-Shields AJ, Rosen RC, et al:Testosterone Treatment and Sexual Function in Older Men With Low Testosterone Levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:3096-3104, 2016
 
56) Aversa A, Bruzziches R, Francomano D, et al:Efficacy and safety of two different testosterone undecanoate formulations in hypogonadal men with metabolic syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 33:776-783, 2010
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57) Basaria S, Harman SM, Travison TG, et al:Effects of Testosterone Administration for 3 Years on Subclinical Atherosclerosis Progression in Older Men With Low or Low-Normal Testosterone Levels:A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 314:570-581, 2015
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58) Paduch DA, Polzer PK, Ni X, et al:Testosterone Replacement in Androgen-Deficient Men With Ejaculatory Dysfunction:A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:2956-2962, 2015
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59) Buvat J, Montorsi F, Maggi M, et al:Hypogonadal men nonresponders to the PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil benefit from normalization of testosterone levels with a 1% hydroalcoholic testosterone gel in the treatment of erectile dysfunction(TADTEST study). J Sex Med 8:284-293, 2011
 
60) Morales A, Black A, Emerson L, et al:Androgens and sexual function:a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study of testosterone vs. dehydroepiandrosterone in men with sexual dysfunction and androgen deficiency. Aging Male 12:104-112, 2009
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61) Allan CA, Forbes EA, Strauss BJ, et al:Testosterone therapy increases sexual desire in ageing men with low-normal testosterone levels and symptoms of androgen deficiency. Int J Impot Res 20:396-401, 2008
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62) Corona G, Rastrelli G, Morgentaler A, et al:Meta-analysis of Results of Testosterone Therapy on Sexual Function Based on International Index of Erectile Function Scores. Eur Urol 72:1000-1011, 2017
 
63) Zhu J, Zhang W, Ou N, et al:Do testosterone supplements enhance response to phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in men with erectile dysfunction and hypogonadism:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Androl Urol 9:591-600, 2020
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64) La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Cimino L, et al:Late-onset hypogonadism:the advantages of treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin rather than testosterone. Aging Male 19:34-39, 2016
 
65) Dias JP, Melvin D, Shardell M, et al:Effects of Transdermal Testosterone Gel or an Aromatase Inhibitor on Prostate Volume in Older Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:1865-1871, 2016
 
66) Meuleman EJ, Legros JJ, Bouloux PM, et al:Effects of long-term oral testosterone undecanoate therapy on urinary symptoms:data from a 1-year, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial in aging men with symptomatic hypogonadism. Aging Male 18:157-163, 2015
 
67) Yucel C, Keskin MZ, Peskircioglu CL:The Effect of Transdermal Testosterone Administration on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Erectile Dysfunction:A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Curr Urol 11:4-8, 2017
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68) Shigehara K, Sugimoto K, Konaka H, et al:Androgen replacement therapy contributes to improving lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with hypogonadism and benign prostate hypertrophy:a randomised controlled study. Aging Male 14:53-58, 2011
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69) Kohn TP, Mata DA, Ramasamy R, et al:Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol 69:1083-1090, 2016
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70) Cui Y, Zong H, Yang C, et al:The effect of 5α-reductase inhibitors on prostate growth in men receiving testosterone replacement therapy:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 45:979-987, 2013
 
71) Glintborg D, Vaegter HB, Christensen LL, et al:Testosterone replacement therapy of opioidinduced male hypogonadism improved body composition but not pain perception:a doubleblind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Endocrinol 182:539-548, 2020
 
72) Basaria S, Travison TG, Alford D, et al:Effects of testosterone replacement in men with opioid-induced androgen deficiency:a randomized controlled trial. Pain 156:280-288, 2015
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73) Legros JJ, Meuleman EJ, Elbers JM, et al:Oral testosterone replacement in symptomatic late-onset hypogonadism:effects on rating scales and general safety in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Endocrinol 160:821-831, 2009
 
74) Hackett G, Cole N, Bhartia M, et al:Testosterone replacement therapy with long-acting testosterone undecanoate improves sexual function and quality-of-life parameters vs. placebo in a population of men with type 2 diabetes. J Sex Med 10:1612-1627, 2013
 
75) Ho CC, Tong SF, Low WY, et al:A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of long-acting testosterone treatment as assessed by the Aging Male Symptoms scale. BJU Int 110:260-265, 2012
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76) Brock G, Heiselman D, Maggi M, et al:Effect of Testosterone Solution 2% on Testosterone Concentration, Sex Drive and Energy in Hypogonadal Men:Results of a Placebo Controlled Study. J Urol 195:699-705, 2016
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77) Zhang XW, Liu ZH, Hu XW, et al:Androgen replacement therapy improves psychological distress and health-related quality of life in late onset hypogonadism patients in Chinese population. Chin Med J 125:3806-3810, 2012
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78) Tong SF, Ng CJ, Lee BC, et al:Effect of long-acting testosterone undecanoate treatment on quality of life in men with testosterone deficiency syndrome:a double blind randomized controlled trial. Asian J Androl 14:604-611, 2012
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79) Nian Y, Ding M, Hu S, et al:Testosterone replacement therapy improves health-related quality of life for patients with late-onset hypogonadism:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Andrologia 49, 2017
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80) Elliott J, Kelly SE, Millar AC, et al:Testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men:a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 7:e015284, 2017
 
81) Sinclair M, Grossmann M, Hoermann R, et al:Testosterone therapy increases muscle mass in men with cirrhosis and low testosterone:A randomised controlled trial. J Hepatol 65:906-913, 2016
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82) Glintborg D, Christensen LL, Kvorning T, et al:Differential effects of strength training and testosterone treatment on soluble CD36 in aging men:Possible relation to changes in body composition. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 75:659-666, 2015
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83) Hildreth KL, Barry DW, Moreau KL, et al:Effects of testosterone and progressive resistance exercise in healthy, highly functioning older men with low-normal testosterone levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:1891-1900, 2013
 
84) Tan WS, Low WY, Ng CJ, et al:Efficacy and safety of long-acting intramuscular testosterone undecanoate in aging men:a randomised controlled study. BJU Int 111:1130-1140, 2013
 
85) Atkinson RA, Srinivas-Shankar U, Roberts SA, et al:Effects of testosterone on skeletal muscle architecture in intermediate-frail and frail elderly men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 65:1215-1219, 2010
 
86) Mathur A, Malkin C, Saeed B, et al:Long-term benefits of testosterone replacement therapy on angina threshold and atheroma in men. Eur J Endocrinol 161:443-449, 2009
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87) Agledahl I, Hansen JB, Svartberg J:Impact of testosterone treatment on postprandial triglyceride metabolism in elderly men with subnormal testosterone levels. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 68:641-648, 2008
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88) Allan CA, Strauss BJ, Burger HG, et al:Testosterone therapy prevents gain in visceral adipose tissue and loss of skeletal muscle in nonobese aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:139-146, 2008
 
89) Mohler ER 3rd, Ellenberg SS, Lewis CE, et al:The Effect of Testosterone on Cardiovascular Biomarkers in the Testosterone Trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103:681-688, 2018
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90) Huang G, Travison T, Maggio M, et al:Effects of testosterone replacement on metabolic and inflammatory markers in men with opioid-induced androgen deficiency. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf) 85:232-238, 2016
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91) Shigehara K, Konaka H, Koh E, et al:Effects of testosterone replacement therapy on nocturia and quality of life in men with hypogonadism:a subanalysis of a previous prospective randomized controlled study in Japan. Aging Male 18:169-174, 2015
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92) Navarro-Penalver M, Perez-Martinez MT, Gomez-Bueno M, et al:Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Deficient Patients With Chronic Heart Failure:A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Pilot Study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 23:543-550, 2018
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93) Dos Santos MR, Sayegh AL, Bacurau AV, et al:Effect of Exercise Training and Testosterone Replacement on Skeletal Muscle Wasting in Patients With Heart Failure With Testosterone Deficiency. Mayo Clin Proc 91:575-586, 2016
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94) Spitzer M, Basaria S, Travison TG, et al:The effect of testosterone on mood and well-being in men with erectile dysfunction in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Andrology 1:475-482, 2013
 

15. テストステロン補充療法の副作用

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51) Marks LS, Mazer NA, Mostaghel E, et al:Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on prostate tissue in men with late-onset hypogonadism:a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 296:2351-2361, 2006
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52) Amin MM, Jeyaganth S, Fahmy N, et al:Subsequent prostate cancer detection in patients with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical small acinar proliferation. Can Urol Assoc J 1:245-249, 2007
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53) Rhoden EL, Morgentaler A:Testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men at high risk for prostate cancer:results of 1 year of treatment in men with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. J Urol 170:2348-2351, 2003
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16. その他の薬物治療

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3) 間脳下垂体機能障害の診断と治療の手引き. 日本内分泌学会雑誌 95:1-60, 2019
 
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6) Marconi M, Souper R, Hartmann J, et al:Clomiphene citrate treatment for late onset hypogonadism:rise and fall. Int Braz J Urol 42:1190-1194, 2016
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7) Wheeler KM, Sharma D, Kavoussi PK, et al:Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Hypogonadism. Sex Med Rev 7:272-276, 2019
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8) Rodriguez KM, Pastuszak AW, Lipshultz LI:Enclomiphene citrate for the treatment of secondary male hypogonadism. Expert Opin Pharmacother 17:1561-1567, 2016
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17. 漢方治療薬

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18. 運動療法

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19. 食品機能因子の効果

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20. LOH症候群における勃起障害

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21. LOH症候群におけるうつ病

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22. LOH症候群におけるメタボリックシンドローム

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23. LOH症候群における骨粗鬆症

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