小児痙縮・ジストニア診療ガイドライン　2023

出版社： 診断と治療社
著者：
発行日： 2024-02-01
分野： 臨床医学：内科  >  小児科学一般
ISBN： 9784787826190
電子書籍版： 2024-02-01 （電子版）
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商品紹介

ボツリヌス治療，脊髄後根切断術，バクロフェン髄腔内投与，深部脳刺激療法など，痙縮・ジストニアの治療法がわが国でも徐々に普及している．適切な時期に適切な治療を導入し，経過に応じて他の治療へ移行することで，運動障害の回復がいっそう促進され，また骨格変形や合併症を最小限に抑制できる可能性がある．本ガイドラインは，患児の特性や病態，罹病範囲や重症度に応じて，各専門医らが協力・連携して治療にあたれるよう，その共通の指針となるべく策定された．

目次

  • 第1章　痙縮とジストニア
    　1-1　小児の筋緊張亢進の種類
    　1-2　痙縮の定義
    　1-3　ジストニアの定義
    　1-4　原因不明の痙縮・ジストニアに行うべき検査

    第2章　脳性麻痺
    　2-1　脳性麻痺の定義
    　2-2　脳性麻痺のおもな病型分類
    　2-3　脳性麻痺の重症度分類

    第3章　経口治療薬
    　CQ3-1　脳性麻痺，痙縮・ジストニアの治療において，
    　　　　　経口筋弛緩薬はどのような病型・重症度に推奨されるか？
    　CQ3-2　どのような痙縮に経口筋弛緩薬が推奨されるか？
    　CQ3-3　どのようなジストニアに経口筋弛緩薬が推奨されるか？
    　CQ3-4　ジアゼパムの効果と副作用は？
    　CQ3-5　チザニジンの効果と副作用は？
    　CQ3-6　ダントロレンナトリウムの効果と副作用は？
    　CQ3-7　バクロフェンの効果と副作用は？
    　CQ3-8　トリヘキシフェニジルの効果と副作用は？
    　CQ3-9　レボドパはどのようなジストニアに有効か？
    　CQ3-10　多剤併用は有効か？
    　CQ3-11　経口筋弛緩薬以外に，効果が期待できる薬剤は？

    第4章　ボツリヌス治療
    　CQ4-1　脳性麻痺，小児痙縮・ジストニアの治療において，
    　　　　　ボツリヌス治療はどのような病型・重症度に推奨されるか？
    　CQ4-2　ボツリヌス治療は何歳から治療できるか？
    　CQ4-3　ボツリヌス治療はいつまで続けられるか？
    　CQ4-4　ボツリヌス治療は軽症の脳性麻痺に推奨されるか？
    　CQ4-5　ボツリヌス治療は重症の脳性麻痺に推奨されるか？
    　CQ4-6　ボツリヌス治療中のモニターは有用か？

    第5章　バクロフェン髄腔内投与療法
    　CQ5-1　脳性麻痺，痙縮・ジストニアの治療において，
    　　　　　バクロフェン髄腔内投与（ITB）療法はどのような病型・重症度に推奨されるか？
    　CQ5-2　バクロフェン髄腔内投与（ITB）療法は，何歳から治療できるか?
    　CQ5-3　バクロフェン髄腔内投与（ITB）療法は，どのような痙縮に推奨されるか？
    　CQ5-4　バクロフェン髄腔内投与（ITB）療法は，どのようなジストニアに推奨されるか？
    　CQ5-5　バクロフェン髄腔内投与（ITB）療法は，どのような合併症あるいは副作用があるか？

    第6章　脊髄後根切断術
    　CQ6-1　脳性麻痺，痙縮の治療において，脊髄後根切断術はどのような病型・重症度に推奨されるか？
    　CQ6-2　脊髄後根切断術は何歳から治療できるのか？
    　CQ6-3　脊髄後根切断術は，どのような痙縮に推奨されるか？

    第7章　定位脳手術
    　CQ7-1　小児ジストニアの治療において，定位脳手術はどのような病型・重症度に推奨されるか？
    　CQ7-2　小児の二次性ジストニアの治療において，定位脳手術は推奨されるか？
    　CQ7-3　遺伝性（一次性）ジストニアの治療において，定位脳手術は推奨されるか？
    　CQ7-4　小児ジストニアに対する定位脳手術は何歳から治療できるか？

    第8章　整形外科手術
    　CQ8-1　脳性麻痺，（小児）痙縮・ジストニアの治療において，
    　　　　　整形外科手術はどのような変形・拘縮に推奨されるか？
    　CQ8-2　歩行改善のため，下肢の整形外科手術はいつ行うべきか？
    　CQ8-3　下肢の拘縮・変形の改善のため，整形外科手術はいつ行うべきか？
    　CQ8-4　股関節亜脱臼のため，整形外科手術はいつ行うべきか？
    　CQ8-5　上肢機能改善に手術療法は推奨されるか？
    　CQ8-6　脊柱変形に対する手術療法は推奨されるか？

    付録
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本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

第1章 痙縮とジストニア

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第2章 脳性麻痺

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第3章 経口治療薬

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9) Bohn E, Goren K, Switzer L, Falck-Ytter Y, Fehlings D. Pharmacological and neurosurgical interventions for individuals with cerebral palsy and dystonia : a systematic review update and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021 ; 63 : 1038-50.
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第4章 ボツリヌス治療

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4) Metaxiotis D, Siebel A, Doederlein L. Repeated botulinum toxin A injections in the treatment of spastic equinus foot. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002 ; 394 : 177-85.
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5) Molenaers G, Desloovere K, Fabry G, De Cock P. The effects of quantitative gait assessment and botulinum toxin a on musculoskeletal surgery in children with cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006 ; 88 : 161-70.
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7) Jung NH, Heinen F, Westhoff B, Haglund-Akerlind Y. Hip lateralisation in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy treated with botulinum toxin type A : a 2-year follow-up. Neuropediatrics 2011 ; 42 : 18-23.
 
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9) Lowe K, Novak I, Cusick A. Repeat injection of botulinum toxin A is safe and effective for upper limb movement and function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 ; 49 : 823-9.
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10) Olesch CA, Greaves S, Imms C, Reid SM, Graham HK. Repeat botulinum toxin-A injections in the upper limb of children with hemiplegia : a randomized controlled trial. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010 ; 52 : 79-86.
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11) Koman LA, Smith BP, Williams R, et al. Upper extremity spasticity in children with cerebral palsy : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the short-term outcomes of treatment with botulinum A toxin. J Hand Surg Am 2013 ; 38 : 435-46.
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12) Lidman GRM, Nachemson AK, Peny-Dahlstrand MB, Himmelmann KME. Long-term effects of repeated botulinum neurotoxin A, bimanual training, and splinting in young children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020 ; 62 : 252-8.
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P.46 掲載の参考文献
1) Fazzi E, Maraucci I, Torrielli S, Motta F, Lanzi G. Factors predicting the efficacy of botulinum toxin-A treatment of the lower limb in children with cerebral palsy. J Child Neurol 2005 ; 20 : 661-6.
PubMed
2) Satila H, Huhtala H. Botulinum toxin type A injections for treatment of spastic equinus in cerebral palsy : a secondary analysis of factors predictive of favorable response. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2010 ; 89 : 865-72.
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3) Fehlings D, Rang M, Glazier J, Steele C. Botulinum toxin type A injections in the spastic upper extremity of children with hemiplegia : child characteristics that predict a positive outcome. Eur J Neurol 2001 ; 8 (Suppl 5) : 145-9.
 
4) Fehlings D, Novak I, Berweck S, Hoare B, Stott NS, Russo RN ; Cerebral Palsy Institute. Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and follow-up for paediatric upper limb hypertonicity : international consensus statement. Eur J Neurol 2010 ; 17 (Suppl 2) : 38-56.
 
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第5章 バクロフェン髄腔内投与療法

P.51 掲載の参考文献
1) Hasnat MJ, Rice JE. Intrathecal baclofen for treating spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 ; 2015 : CD004552.
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5) Bonouvrie LA, Becher JG, Vles JSH, Vermeulen RJ, Buizer AI ; IDYS Study Group. The Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen in Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy : The IDYS Trial. Ann Neurol 2019 ; 86 : 79-90.
 
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1) Albright AL, Awaad Y, Muhonen M, et al. Performance and complications associated with the synchromed 10-ml infusion pump for intrathecal baclofen administration in children. J Neurosurg 2004 ; 101 (1 Suppl) : 64-8.
 
2) 山口広貴, 鶴屋英里, 佐川慶, ら. 小児痙縮に対するバクロフェン髄注療法の有用性の検討-使用成績調査の層別解析結果-. 臨医薬 2018 ; 34 : 153-79.
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3) Hoving MA, van Raak EP, Spincemaille GH, Palmans LJ, Becher JG, Vles JS ; Dutch Study Group on Child Spasticity. Efficacy of intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with intractable spastic cerebral palsy : a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2009 ; 13 : 240-6.
 
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5) 師田信人, 荻原英樹, 佐々木奈都, 北川雅史. 小児重度痙縮に対するITB 療法の有効性と限界. 機能脳神外 2013 ; 52 : 149-154.
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6) 金城健, 我謝猛次, 粟國敦男, 安里隆. 当院における重度心身障害児に対するITB療法の治療経験. 日小児整外会誌 2018 ; 27 : 246-50.
 
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1) Hoving MA, van Raak EP, Spincemaille GH, Palmans LJ, Becher JG, Vles JS ; Dutch Study Group on Child Spasticity. Efficacy of intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with intractable spastic cerebral palsy : a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2009 ; 13 : 240-6.
 
2) Yoon KY, Lee KC, Cho HE, et al. Outcomes of intrathecal baclofen therapy in patients with cerebral palsy and acquired brain injury. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 ; 96 : e7472.
 
3) Margetis K, Korfias S, Boutos N, et al. Intrathecal baclofen therapy for the symptomatic treatment of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2014 ; 123 : 142-5.
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4) Ivanhoe CB, Francisco GE, McGuire JR, Subramanian T, Grissom S. Intrathecal baclofen management of poststroke spastic hypertonia : implications for function and quality of life. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 ; 87 : 1509-15.
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5) Meythaler JM, Guin-Renfroe S, Brunner RC, Hadley MN. Intrathecal baclofen for spastic hypertonia from stroke. Stroke 2001 ; 32 : 2099-109.
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6) Pin TW, McCartney L, Lewis J, Waugh MC. Use of intrathecal baclofen therapy in ambulant children and adolescents with spasticity and dystonia of cerebral origin : a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011 ; 53 : 885-95.
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1) Buizer AI, Martens BHM, Grandbois van Ravenhorst C, Schoonmade LJ, Becher JG, Vermeulen RJ. Effect of continuous intrathecal baclofen therapy in children : a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019 ; 61 : 128-34.
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2) Bonouvrie LA, van Schie PE, Becher JG, van Ouwerkerk WJ, Reeuwijk A, Jeroen Vermeulen R. Effects of intrathecal baclofen on daily care in children with secondary generalized dystonia : a pilot study. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2011 ; 15 : 539-43.
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3) Bonouvrie LA, Becher JG, Vles JS, et al. Intrathecal baclofen treatment in dystonic cerebral palsy : a randomized clinical trial : the IDYS trial. BMC Pediatr 2013 ; 13 : 175.
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4) Bonouvrie LA, Becher JG, Vles JSH, Vermeulen RJ, Buizer AI ; IDYS Study Group. The Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen in Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy : The IDYS Trial. Ann Neurol 2019 ; 86 : 79-90.
 
5) Volkmann J, Wolters A, Kupsch A, et al ; DBS study group for dystonia. Pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with primary generalised or segmental dystonia : 5-year follow-up of a randomised trial. Lancet Neurol 2012 ; 11 : 1029-38.
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6) Woon K, Tsegaya M, Vloeberghs MH. The role of intrathecal baclofen in the management of primary and secondary dystonia in children. Br J Neurosurg 2007 ; 21 : 355-8.
 
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10) Allen NM, Lin JP, Lynch T, King MD. Status dystonicus : a practice guide. Dev Med Child Neurol 2014 ; 56 : 105-12.
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1) Hasnat MJ, Rice JE. Intrathecal baclofen for treating spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015, 2015 : CD004552.
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2) Hoving MA, van Raak EP, Spincemaille GH, et al ; Dutch Study Group on Child Spasticity. Safety and one-year efficacy of intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with intractable spastic cerebral palsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2009 ; 13 : 247-56.
 
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6) Albright AL, Awaad Y, Muhonen M, et al. Performance and complications associated with the synchromed 10-ml infusion pump for intrathecal baclofen administration in children. J Neurosurg 2004 ; 101 (Suppl 1) : 64-8.
 
7) Krach LE, Kriel RL, Day SM, Strauss DJ. Survival of individuals with cerebral palsy receiving continuous intrathecal baclofen treatment : a matched-cohort study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010 ; 52 : 672-6.
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第6章 脊髄後根切断術

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6) Oki A, Oberg W, Siebert B, Plante D, Walker ML, Gooch JL. Selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with spastic hemiparesis. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2010 ; 6 : 353-8.
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第7章 定位脳手術

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第8章 整形外科手術

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