COVID-19神経ハンドブック

出版社: 中外医学社
著者:
発行日: 2022-05-30
分野: 臨床医学:内科  >  脳神経科学/神経内科学
ISBN: 9784498328860
電子書籍版: 2022-05-30 (1版1刷)
書籍・雑誌
≪全国送料無料でお届け≫
取寄せ目安:8~14営業日

5,280 円(税込)

電子書籍
章別単位での購入はできません
ブラウザ、アプリ閲覧

5,280 円(税込)

商品紹介

COVID-19の急性期の神経筋症状,brain fog,頭痛,嗅覚・味覚障害,自律神経障害などのコロナ後遺症(long COVID),ワクチンと副反応など,予後・QOLに大きく関わる神経筋症状について,臨床の疑問に答え診療に役立つ解説を1冊に! 疑問の多い新型コロナウイルス感染症の神経症状を解き明かす,未曽有の危機に全力で立ち向かう医師のための必読書.

目次

  • I 総論
     1.Neuro-COVID-19 ―全経過でみられる臨床症候―
     2.疫学データから考える今後の展望と指針

    II 神経障害の機序
     1.新型コロナウイルス(SARS-CoV-2)とCOVID-19
     2.血管への感染と血液脳関門の破綻
     3.血栓形成と凝固異常
     4.COVID-19 における免疫応答─ Neuro-COVID-19 を理解するために─
     5.サイトカインストームと脳への影響
     6.COVID-19 の神経系画像所見
     7.COVID-19 の神経病理所見

    III Neuro-COVID(COVID-19 に伴う神経合併症)
     1.新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)の全身症状
     2.世界のレジストリ研究
     3.COVID-19 重症例の神経学的特徴
     4-1)嗅覚・味覚障害(急性期)─臨床
     4-2)嗅覚障害(急性期)─基礎研究
     5.COVID-19 関連頭痛(急性期)
     6.脳血管障害(医原性を除く)
     7.脳炎・脳症
     8.MS,NMOSD,抗MOG 抗体関連疾患
     9.神経筋接合部疾患
     10.運動異常症
     11.運動失調症
     12.COVID-19 に伴う急性脊髄炎
     13.COVID-19 に関連した末梢神経障害
     14.COVID-19 と筋障害
     15.医原性神経障害

    IV パンデミック禍の神経診療の注意点と課題
     1.神経救急と神経集中治療
     2.脳卒中診療
     3.COVID-19 の認知症者への影響
     4.神経難病診療
     5.神経免疫疾患診療
     6.睡眠呼吸障害診療
     7.リハビリテーション診療
     8.神経病理への影響と課題
     9.ポストコロナで求められる同期/ 非同期型臨床教育
     10.医療者のバーンアウトへの影響と課題

    V Long COVID と神経・精神症状
     1.後遺症概論(用語の整理,WHO の定義を含む)
     2.認知機能障害,Brain fog(ブレインフォグ),睡眠障害
     3.運動不耐
     4.自律神経異常症
     5.頭痛(後遺症・ワクチン後)・疼痛症候群
     6.精神症状(不安・うつ・自殺)
     7.嗅覚障害,味覚障害(後遺症)
     8.Long COVID に対する脳神経内科的アプローチと課題

    VI ワクチンと副反応
     1.ワクチンの有効性と副反応
     2.VITT とpre-VITT 症候群
     3.Guillain-Barré 症候群,顔面神経麻痺
     4.COVID-19 感染後・同ワクチン接種後の機能性運動異常症
     5.神経免疫疾患におけるCOVID-19 ワクチン接種

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

I 総論

P.7 掲載の参考文献
10) Chou SH, Beghi E, Helbok R, et al. Global incidence of neurological manifestations among patients hospitalized with COVID-19-A report for the GCS-NeuroCOVID Consortium and the ENERGY Consortium. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 ; 4 : e2112131.
14) World Health Organization. A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus, 6 October 2021. WHO/2019-nCoV/Post_COVID-19_condition/Clinical_case_definition/2021.1
P.19 掲載の参考文献
1) Worldometers.info. Reported Cases and Deaths by Country, Territory, or Conveyance. Dover, Delaware, U.S.A 2021. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
4) 園生雅弘, 井戸川雅史, 神林隆道, 他. 疫学データから考えるCOVID-19対策の指針. Brain and Nerve 神経研究の進歩. 2020 ; 72 : 1023-30.
5) 園生雅弘, 林秀行. 今後の展望. Clin Neurosci. 2021 ; 39 : 360-4.
6) 園生雅弘, 林秀行. 日本と世界におけるCOVID-19の疫学. 脳神経内科. 2021 ; 95 : 284-94.
8) Tapper J, Savage M, McKie R. End mass jabs and live with Covid, says ex-head of vaccine taskforce : Dr Clive Dix says we should treat the virus like flu. The Guardian 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/08/end-mass-jabs-and-live-with-covid-says-ex-head-of-vaccine-taskforce
9) 森田公一. 新型コロナウイルスの特徴. 医学のあゆみ. 2021 ; 276 : 4-8.
11) 東京都総務局総合防災部防災管理課. 【令和3年度】東京都新型コロナウイルス感染症モニタリング会議・分析資料. 東京都防災ホームページ 2022. https://www.bousai.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/taisaku/saigai/1013388/index.html
13) Statens Serum Institute. Status for SARS-CoV-2 varianten omikron i Danmark, 3rd January 2022. Covid-19 Rapport om omikronvarianten 2022 ; https://files.ssi.dk/covid19/omikron/statusrapport/rapport-omikronvarianten-03012022-9gj3
15) 札幌医大フロンティア研ゲノム医科学. 新型コロナウイルス死者数と高齢化率【世界・国別】. 2022. https://web.sapmed.ac.jp/canmol/coronavirus/bubble.html?rg=all
16) 東洋経済オンライン編集部. 新型コロナウイルス国内感染の状況. 2021. https://toyokeizai.net/sp/visual/tko/covid19/
17) 金秀蓮. 5~11歳のワクチン接種, 「努力義務の対象外」提案へ 厚労省. 毎日新聞 2022. https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/912c525af451654f8718db975196a60e998f8c7a

II 神経障害の機序

P.27 掲載の参考文献
P.35 掲載の参考文献
15) Wang L, Sievert D, Clark AE, et al. A human three-dimensional neural-perivascular ‘assembloid' promotes astrocytic development and enables modeling of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathology. Nat Med. 2021 ; 27 : 1600-6.
24) 吾郷哲朗. ペリサイトは脳機能にとってなぜ重要なのか?. 臨床神経. 2019 ; 59 : 707-15.
26) Shibahara T, Ago T, Nakamura K, et al. Pericyte-mediated tissue repair through PDGFRβ promotes peri-infarct astrogliosis, oligodendrogenesis, and functional recovery after acute ischemic stroke. eNeuro. 2020 ; 7 : ENEURO. 0474-19.2020.
P.42 掲載の参考文献
8) 日本脳卒中学会. COVID-19 対応 脳卒中プロトコル. https://www.jsts.gr.jp/news/pdf/jss_pcs_ver1_2.pdf (accessed May 11, 2020).
16) 日本静脈学会, 肺塞栓症研究会, 日本血管外科学会, 他. 新型コロナウイルス感染症 (COVID-19) における 静脈血栓塞栓症予防および抗凝固療法の診療指針. https://jsphlebology.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/20211005新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)における静脈血栓塞栓症予防の診療指針.pdf.
17) World Health Organization. Guidance for clinical case management of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) following vaccination to prevent coronavirus disease (COVID-19). https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1357562/retrieve
P.50 掲載の参考文献
2) Shimohata T. Neuro-COVID-19. Clin Exp Neuroimmunol. 2021 ; 10.1111/cen3.12676.
4) Zhang Q, Bastard P, Liu Z, et al. Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science. 2020 ; 370 : eabd4570.
5) Bastard P, Rosen LB, Zhang Q, et al. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science. 2020 ; 370 : eabd4585.
6) Bastard P, Orlova E, Sozaeva L, et al. Preexisting autoantibodies to type I IFNs underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with APS-1. J Exp Med. 2021 ; 218 : e20210554.
13) Chandrashekar A, Liu J, Martinot AJ, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques. Science. 2020 ; 369 : 812-7.
16) Wang EY, Mao T, Klein J, et al. Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19. Nature. 2021 ; 595 : 283-8.
P.57 掲載の参考文献
14) Bodro M, Compta Y, Llanso L, et al. Increased CSF levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and ACE in SARS-CoV-2-associated encephalitis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020 ; 7 : e821.
P.66 掲載の参考文献
2) Paterson RW, Brown RL, Benjamin L, et al. The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology : Clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. Brain. 2020 ; 143 : 3104-20.
16) Given CA 2nd, Burdette JH, Elster AD, et al. Pseudo-subarachnoid hemorrhage : A potential imaging pitfall associated with diffuse cerebral edema. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003 ; 24 : 254-6.
P.76 掲載の参考文献
1) 亀井聡. 単純ヘルペス脳炎. 臨床とウイルス. 2017 ; 45 : 264-70.
2) 亜急性硬化性全脳炎 (SSPE) 診療ガイドライン 2020. 厚生労働省科学研究 プリオン病及び遅発性ウイルス感染症に関する調査研究班.
3) 日本小児神経学会, 監修, 小児急性脳症診療ガイドライン策定委員会, 編. 小児急性脳症診療ガイドライン 2016. 東京 : 診断と治療社 ; 2016.
4) 山田晋一郎, 安井敬三, 長谷川康博, 他. パンデミック (H1N1) 2009 インフルエンザ脳症の1剖検例. 臨床神経. 2012 ; 52 : 480-5.
15) Kirschenbaum D, Imbach LL, Rushing EJ, et al. Intracerebral endotheliitis and microbleeds are neuropathological features of COVID-19. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2020 ; 00 : 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/nan.12677
25) Ho C, Salimian M, Hegert J, et al. Postmortem assessment of olfactory tissue degeneration and microvasculopathy in patients with COVID-19. JAMA Neurol. 2022 Apr 11. doi : 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0154.
26) 日本病理学会のホームページ. https://pathology.or.jp/news/iryougyoumu/20200527info-2.html (2020年5月27日)
27) the International Society of Neuropathology (ISN) Collaborative Efforts. https://www.intsocneuropathol.com/2020/04/accessing-covid-19-braintissue/
28) the COVID-19 Virtual Biobank at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. https://covidbank.unmc.edu/

III Neuro - COVID ( COVID - 19 に伴う神経合併症 )

P.82 掲載の参考文献
4) 国立国際医療研究センター. COVID-19 レジストリ研究 "ダッシュボード". [Available from : https://covid-registry.ncgm.go.jp/dashboard/]
5) 日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会. 新型コロナウイルス感染症 (オミクロン株) による上気道狭窄への注意喚起 2022. [Available from : http://www.jibika.or.jp/members/covid19/covid19_220304.pdf]
6) Bouzid D, Visseaux B, Kassasseya C, et al. Comparison of Patients Infected With Delta Versus Omicron COVID-19 Variants Presenting to Paris Emergency Departments : A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ann intern Med. 2022 Mar 15 ; M22-0308.
P.90 掲載の参考文献
1) https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus
12) https://covid-registry.ncgm.go.jp
17) https://www.ean.org/research/registries-surveys/neuro-covid-registry
P.99 掲載の参考文献
P.107 掲載の参考文献
7) British Association of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Loss of sense of smell as marker of COVID-19 infection [Internet] ; c2020 [Cited 2020 Apr 17].
8) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Symptoms of Coronavirus [Internet] ; c2020 [Cited 2020 Apr 27].
11) Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) : a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 ; 1-11.
21) 宮内浩典. エンベロープウイルスの宿主細胞への侵入過程. ウイルス. 2009 ; 59 : 205-14.
22) 松山州徳. プロテアーゼ依存的なコロナウイルス細胞侵入. ウイルス. 2011 ; 61 : 109-16.
36) Kanjanaumporn J, Aeumjaturapat S, Snidvongs K, et al. Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection : A review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment options. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2020 ; 38 : 69-77.
38) Bousquet J, Akdis C, Jutel M, et al. Intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis in COVID-19 infected patients : An ARIA-EAACI statement. Allergy. 2020 ; 75 : 2440-4.
39) 小川恵子. 嗅覚・味覚障害の漢方療法. MB ENT. 2020 ; 251 : 67-76.
P.117 掲載の参考文献
13) Ikeda K, Sakurada T, Suzaki Y. Efficacy of systemic corticosteroid treatment for anosmia with nasal and paranasal sinus disease. Rhinology. 1995 ; 33, 162-5.
15) 山田健太郎, 志賀英明, 能田拓也, 他. 嗅神経性嗅覚障害の病態解明と治療への応用. 日本鼻科学会会誌. 2018 ; 57 : 83-6.
19) Kanjanaumporn J, Aeumjaturapat S, Snidvongs K, et al. Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection : A review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment options. Asian Pacific J allergy Immunol. 2020 ; 38 : 69-77.
P.127 掲載の参考文献
1) Yao Q, Wang P, Wang X, et al. A retrospective study of risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in hospitalized adult patients. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2020 ; 130 : 390-9.
P.140 掲載の参考文献
1) 和田邦泰, 橋本洋一郎, 中島誠, 他. COVID-19 流行と脳卒中. 臨床神経. 2020 ; 60 : 822-39.
3) 平野照之, 天野達雄, 早川幹人, 他. COVID-19 対応 脳卒中プロトコル (日本脳卒中学会版Protected Code Stroke : JSS-PCS). 脳卒中. 2020 ; 42 : 315-43.
17) Cagnazzo F, Piotin M, Escalard S, et al. European multicenter study of ET-COVID-19. Stroke. 2021 ; 52 : 31-9.
22) Marti-Fabregas J, Guisado-Alonso D, Delgado-Mederos R, et al. Impact of COVID-19 infection on the outcome of patients with ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2021 ; 52 : 3908-17.
P.149 掲載の参考文献
11) Wang EY, Mao T, Klein J, et al. Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19. Nature. 2021 ; 595 : 283-8.
15) Bodro M, Compta Y, Llanso L, et al. "Hospital Clinic Infecto-COVID-19" and "Hospital Clinic Neuro-COVID-19" groups. Increased CSF levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and ACE in SARS-CoV-2-associated encephalitis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020 ; 7 : e821.
21) Cao A, Rohaut B, Le Guennec L, et al. Severe COVID-19-related encephalitis can respond to immunotherapy. Brain. 2020 ; 143 : e102.
22) Elkady A, Rabinstein AA. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy and myocarditis in a young patient with COVID-19. Neurology. June 4, 2020. doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000801
27) Paterson RW, Brown RL, Benjamin L, et al. The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology : clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. Brain. 2020 ; 143 : 3104-20.
P.158 掲載の参考文献
5) Salter A, Fox RJ, Newsome SD, et al. Outcomes and risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a North American registry of patients with multiple sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. 202178 : 1-10.
10) Apostolos-Pereira SL, Ferreira LC, Boanventura M. Clinical features of COVID-19 on patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021 ; 8 : e1060.
P.165 掲載の参考文献
10) https://myasthenia.org/Professionals/Resources-for-Professionals/CARE-MG, February 12, 2022
P.172 掲載の参考文献
7) Garcia-Azorin D, Abildua MJA, Aguirre MEE, et al. Neurological presentations of COVID-19 : Findings from the Spanish Society of Neurology neuro-COVID-19 registry. J Neurol Sci. 2021 ; 423 : 117283.
39) Paterson RW, Brown RL, Benjamin L, et al. The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology : clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. Brain. 2020 ; 143 : 3104-20.
P.187 掲載の参考文献
14) 小児COVID-19 関連多系統炎症性症候群 (MIS-C/PIMS) 診療コンセンサスステートメント [Internet]. 2021年9月16日.
21) Delorme C, Paccoud O, Kas A, et al. COVID-19-related encephalopathy : a case series with brain FDG-positron-emission tomography/computed tomography findings. Eur J Neurol. 2020 ; 27 : 2651-7.
P.194 掲載の参考文献
3) Biyan NH, Hyeon JY. Neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). J Neurol. 2021 ; 268 : 3059-71.
10) 安藤哲朗, 林史恵, 福武敏夫. 脊髄炎の臨床的アプローチ. 脊椎脊髄 2021 ; 34 : 291-5.
P.200 掲載の参考文献
10) Keddie S, Pakpoor J, Mousele C, et al. Epidemiological and cohort study finds no association between COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Brain. 2021 ; 144 : 682-93.
P.210 掲載の参考文献
13) Eslamian F, Taleschian-Tabrizi N, Izadseresht B, et al. Electrophysiologic findings in patients with COVID-19 and quadriparesia in the northwest of Iran, A case series study and literature review. Caspian J Intern Med. 2021 ; 12 (Suppl 2) : S451-9.
22) Sacchi MC, Tamiazzo S, Lauritano EC, et al. Case report of COVID-19 in an elderly patient : could SARS-CoV2 trigger myositis? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 ; 24 : 11960-3.
24) Gokhale Y, Patankar A, Holla U, et al. Dermatomyositis during COVID-19 pandemic (a case series) : Is there a cause effect relationship? J Assoc Physicians India. 2020 ; 68 : 20-4.
25) Lokineni S, Mortezavi M. Delayed-onset necrotizing myositis following COVID-19 infection. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2021 ; 8 : 002461.
P.220 掲載の参考文献
28) ベクルリー点滴静注液100mg. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/10900000/230867_62504A3A1029_1_03_s.pdf 2021/12/17
31) コミナティ筋注 副反応疑い報告の状況について. https://www.city.niiza.lg.jp/uploaded/attachment/44676.pdf 2021/12/17
36) Rajah J, Lee J. CSF rhinorrhoea post COVID-19 swab : A case report and review of literature. J Clin Neurosci. 2021 ; 86 : 6-9.

IV パンデミック禍の神経診療の注意点と課題

P.233 掲載の参考文献
1) 永山正雄. COVID-19の主たる障害 : 神経障害の実態と対応. 日本医師会COVID-19有識者会議招待寄稿, 2021. https://www.covid19-jma-medical-expert-meeting.jp/topic/4041
3) Brigham and Women's Hospital, COVID-19 Protocols. https://covidprotocols.org/, 2020
4) Paterson RW, Brown RL, Benjamin L, et al. The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology : Clinical, radiological and laboratory findings [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jul 8]. Brain. 2020 ; awaa240.
6) Douaud G, Lee S, Alfaro-Almagro F, et al. SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank. Nature. 2022.
7) 一般財団法人日本救急医療財団. 救急蘇生法の指針 2020 医療従事者用. 東京 : へるす出版 ; 2022.
8) 一般社団法人日本蘇生協議会 (JRC). 病院における新型コロナウイルス感染症 (COVID-19) 対応救急蘇生法マニュアル. 2021. https://www.japanresuscitationcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/bac8ad9ef3599c413da93fd95e6c1d7d.pdf
9) 日本神経学会, 日本神経救急学会. 脳神経内科当直医のための, 新型コロナ感染を配慮した意識障害等の神経症候を呈する患者への救急外来対応マニュアル (ver 1). 2020. https://www.neurology-jp.org/covid/20200415_01.html
10) 一般社団法人日本蘇生協議会 (JRC). JRCからの勧告. https://www.japanresuscitationcouncil.org/ilcor国際コンセンサス-covid-19関係/
11) Nagayama M, Yang S, Geocadin RG, et al. Novel clinical features of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. F1000Res. 2017 ; 6 : 1690.
12) Wartenberg K, Nagayama M, Neurocritical Care. In ; Venketasubramanian N, Anderson C, Ay H, et al. Stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic : International expert panel review. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021 ; 50 : 245-61.
13) Sutter R, Ruegg S, Tschudin-Sutter S. Seizures as adverse events of antibiotic drugs : A systematic review. Neurology. 2015 ; 85 : 1332-41.
14) Brophy GM, Bell R, Claassen J, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of status epilepticus. Neurocrit Care. 2012 ; 17 : 3-23.
15) 黒田泰弘, 永山正雄, 監修. NeuroICUブック. 東京 : メディカルサイエンスインターナショナル 2021.
P.241 掲載の参考文献
1) Khosravani H, Rajendram P, Notario L, et al. Protected Code Stroke. Hyperacute stroke management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Stroke. 2020 ; 51 : 1891-5.
2) 日本脳卒中学会 COVID-19対策プロジェクトチーム JSS-PCS作成ワーキンググループ. COVID-19対応脳卒中プロトコル (日本脳卒中学会版Protected Code Stroke : JSS-PCS). 脳卒中. 2020 ; 42 : 315-43.
3) 厚生労働省新型コロナウイルス感染症 (COVID-19) 診療の手引き・第6.0版. 令和2年度厚生労働行政推進事業費補助金 新興・再興感染症及び予防接種政策推進研究事業一類感染症等の患者発生時に備えた臨床的対応に関する研究. 2021年11月2日.
4) 日本放射線科専門医会・医会, 日本医学放射線学会, 日本環境感染学会, 日本感染症学会. 新型コロナウイルス感染症 (COVID-19) に対する胸部CT検査の指針 (Ver.1.0) 2020年4月23日. https://jcr.or.jp/covid19_2020/0423_ct_ver_1-0/
5) Baracchini C, Pieroni A, Viaro F, et al. Acute stroke management pathway during coronavirus-19 pandemic. Neurol Sci. 2020 ; 41 : 11-7.
6) 日本脳卒中学会脳卒中医療向上・社会保険委員会 静注血栓溶解療法指針改訂部会. 静注血栓溶解 (rt-PA) 療法適正治療指針 第三版 (2019年3月). 脳卒中. 2019 ; 41 : 205-46.
7) Faigle R, Butler J, Carhuapoma JR, et al. Safety trial of low-intensity monitoring after thrombolysis : Optimal Post Tpa-Iv Monitoring in Ischemic STroke (OPTIMIST). Neurohospitalist. 2020 ; 10 : 11-5.
8) 日本脳卒中学会, 日本脳神経外科学会, 日本脳神経血管内治療学会. 経皮経管的脳血栓回収機器適正使用指針 第4版 2020年3月. 脳卒中. 2020 ; 42 : 281-313.
P.248 掲載の参考文献
1) Brodin P. Immune determinants of COVID-19 disease presentation and severity. Nat Med. 2021 ; 27 : 28-33.
2) Roy J, Jain R, Golamari R, et al. COVID-19 in the geriatric population. Int J Greriatr Psychiatry. 2020 ; 35 : 1437-41.
3) Wang Q, Davis PB, Gurney ME, et al. COVID-19 and dementia : Analyses of risk, disparity, and outcomes from electronic health records in the US. Alzheimers Dement. 2021 ; 17 : 1297-306.
4) Azarpazhooh MR, Amiri A, Morovatdar N, et al. Correlations between COVID-19 and burden of dementia : An ecological study and review of literature. J Neurol Sci. 2020 ; 416 : 117013.
5) Sato K, Mano T, Niimi Y, et al. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization of ambulatory care for patients with chronic neurological diseases in Japan : Evaluation of an administrative claims database. Biosci Trends. 2021 ; 15 : 219-30.
6) Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care : 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2020 ; 396 : 413-46.
7) Maffioletti VLR, Baptista MAT, Santos RL, et al. Effectiveness of day care in supporting family caregivers of people with dementia : A systematic review. Dement Neuropsychol. 2019 ; 13 : 268-83.
8) Sato K, Niimi Y, Iwatsubo T, et al. Change in the trend of long-term care service usage following COVID-19 pandemic in Japan : a survey using nationwide statistical summary in 2018-2021. medRxiv 2021121521267784. 2021.
9) Rainero I, Bruni AC, Marra C, et al. The impact of COVID-19 quarantine on patients with dementia and family caregivers : A nation-wide survey. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020 ; 12 : 625781.
10) Cagnin A, Di Lorenzo R, Marra C, et al. Behavioral and psychological effects of coronavirus disease-19 quarantine in patients with dementia. Front Psychiatry. 2020 ; 11 : 578015.
11) Suarez-Gonzalez A, Rajagopalan J, Livingston G, et al. The effect of COVID-19 isolation measures on the cognition and mental health of people living with dementia : A rapid systematic review of one year of quantitative evidence. EClinicalMedicine. 2021 ; 39 : 101047.
12) Stifel SWF, Feinberg DK, Zhang Y, et al. Assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic : Ethical, legal, and safety considerations moving forward. School Psychology Review. 2020 ; 49 : 438-52.
13) Kitaigorodsky M, Loewenstein D, Curiel Cid R, et al. A teleneuropsychology protocol for the cognitive assessment of older adults during COVID-19. Front Psychol. 2021 ; 12 : 651136.
14) Geddes MR, O'Connell ME, Fisk JD, et al. Remote cognitive and behavioral assessment : Report of the Alzheimer Society of Canada Task Force on dementia care best practices for COVID-19. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2020 ; 12 : e12111.
15) Prasad V, Mailankody S. Research and development spending to bring a single cancer drug to market and revenues after approval. JAMA Intern Med. 2017 ; 177 : 1569-75.
16) Cummings J, Lee G, Zhong K, et al. Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline : 2021. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2021 ; 7 : e12179.
17) Mackin RS, Insel PS, Truran D, et al. Unsupervised online neuropsychological test performance for individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia : Results from the Brain Health Registry. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2018 ; 10 : 573-82.
18) Rentz DM, Papp KV, Mayblyum DV, et al. Association of digital clock drawing with PET amyloid and tau pathology in normal older adults. Neurology. 2021 ; 96 : e1844-e54.
19) Tsoy E, Strom A, Iaccarino L, et al. Detecting Alzheimer's disease biomarkers with a brief tablet-based cognitive battery : sensitivity to Abeta and tau PET. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2021 ; 13 : 36.
20) Lathan C, Spira JL, Bleiberg J, et al. Defense automated neurobehavioral assessment (DANA) -psychometric properties of a new field-deployable neuro cognitive assessment tool. Mil Med. 2013 ; 178 : 365-71.
21) www.cnsvs.com as of 12/17/2021
22) www.savonix.com as of 12/17/2021
23) verasci.com as of 12/17/2021
24) www.healthmeasures.net as of 12/17/2021
P.258 掲載の参考文献
1) 和田隆志. 厚生労働科学研究費補助金 難治性疾患政策研究事業 指定難病の普及・啓発に向けた統合研究 2018年度研究報告書.
2) 中山優季, 板垣ゆみ, 原口道子, 他. 難病患者の生活実態による新たな指定難病の類型化とその特徴~平成25年難病患者の生活実態全国調査から~. 日本難病看護学会誌. 2021 ; 26 : 173-84.
P.263 掲載の参考文献
1) Suh J, Amato AA. Neuromuscular complications of coronavirus disease-19. Curr Opin Neurol. 2021 ; 34 : 669-74.
3) Middleton RM, Craig EM, Rodgers WJ, et al. COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis : Clinically reported outcomes from the UK Multiple Sclerosis Register. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 ; 56 : 103317.
4) Sormani MP, Schiavetti I, Carmisciano L, et al. COVID-19 severity in multiple sclerosis : Putting data into context. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021 ; 9 : e1105.
5) Perez CA, Zhang GQ, Li X, et al. COVID-19 severity and outcome in multiple sclerosis : Results of a national, registry-based, matched cohort study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 ; 55 : 103217.
6) Garjani A, Middleton RM, Hunter R, et al. COVID-19 is associated with new symptoms of multiple sclerosis that are prevented by disease modifying therapies. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 ; 52 : 102939.
7) Sormani MP, De Rossi N, Schiavetti I, et al. Disease-modifying therapies and coronavirus disease 2019 severity in multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2021 ; 89 : 780-9.
8) Simpson-Yap S, De Brouwer E, Kalincik T, et al. Associations of disease-modifying therapies with COVID-19 severity in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2021 ; 97 : e1870-85.
9) Louapre C, Ibrahim M, Maillart E, et al. Anti-CD20 therapies decrease humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022 ; 93 : 24-31.
10) Sormani MP, Schiavetti I, Landi D, et al. SARS-CoV-2 serology after COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis : An international cohort study. Mult Scler. 2021. in press.
11) Salter A, Fox RJ, Newsome SD, et al. Outcomes and risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a North American registry of patients with multiple sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. 2021 ; 78 : 699-708.
12) https://www.nationalmssociety.org/coronavirus-covid-19-information/multiple-sclerosis-and-coronavirus/ms-treatment-guidelines-duringcoronavirus
13) Achiron A, Dolev M, Menascu S, et al. COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis : What we have learnt by February 2021. Mult Scler. 2021 ; 27 : 864-70.
14) Di Filippo M, Cordioli C, Malucchi S, et al. mRNA COVID-19 vaccines do not increase the short-term risk of clinical relapses in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022 ; 93 : 448-50.
15) https://www.neurology-jp.org/covid/pdf/20210827_01.pdf
16) Doneddu PE, Spina E, Briani C, et al. Acute and chronic inflammatory neuropathies and COVID-19 vaccines : Practical recommendations from the task force of the Italian Peripheral Nervous System Association (ASNP). J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2021 ; 26 : 148-54.
17) Bsteh G, Durauer S, Assar H, et al. Humoral immune response after COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis : A nation-wide Austrian study. Mult Scler. 2021 ; 27 : 2209-18.
18) Sormani MP, Inglese M, Schiavetti I, et al. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in MS patients treated with disease modifying therapies. EBioMedicine. 2021 ; 72 : 103581.
19) Apostolidis SA, Kakara M, Painter MM, et al. Cellular and humoral immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 therapy. Nat Med. 2021 ; 27 : 1990-2001.
20) Tortorella C, Aiello A, Gasperini C, et al. Humoral- and T-cell-specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with MS using different disease-modifying therapies. Neurology. 2022 ; 98 : e541-e554.
21) Lahoz Fernandez PE, Miranda Pereira J, Fonseca Risso I, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome following COVID-19 vaccines : A scoping review. Acta Neurol Scand. 2022 ; 145 : 393-8.
P.272 掲載の参考文献
1) Zubair AS, McAlpine LS, Gardin T, et al. Neuropathogenesis and neurologic manifestations of the coronaviruses in the age of coronavirus disease 2019 : A review. JAMA Neurol. 2020 ; 77 : 1018-27.
2) Voulgaris A, Ferini-Strambi L, Steiropoulos P. Sleep medicine and COVID-19. Has a new era begun? Sleep Med. 2020 ; 73 : 170-6.
3) Miller MA, Cappuccio FP. A systematic review of COVID-19 and obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep Med Rev. 2021 ; 55 : 101382.
4) Maas MB, Kim M, Malkani RG, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and respiratory failure. Sleep Breath. 2021 ; 25 : 1155-7.
5) Strausz S, Kiiskinen T, Broberg M, et al. Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2021 ; 8 : e000845.
6) Cade BE, Dashti HS, Hassan SM, et al. Sleep apnea and COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 ; 202 : 1462-4.
7) Cariou B, Hadjadj S, Wargny M, et al. Phenotypic characteristics and prognosis of inpatients with COVID-19 and diabetes : the CORONADO study. Diabetologia. 2020 ; 63 : 1500-15.
8) Najafi A, Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Akbarpour S, et al. The effect of apnea management on novel coronavirus infection : A study on patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Health. 2021 ; 7 : 14-8.
9) Salles C, Mascarenhas Barbosa H. COVID-19 and obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020 ; 16 : 1647.
10) Bhat S, Chokroverty S. Sleep disorders and COVID-19. Sleep Med. 2022 ; 91 : 253-61.
11) Fowler RA, Guest CB, Lapinsky SE, et al. Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome during intubation and mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 ; 169 : 1198-202.
12) World Health Organization. Rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). 2020 ; Interim guidance 19 March.
13) Barker J, Oyefeso O, Koeckerling D, et al. COVID-19 : community CPAP and NIV should be stopped unless medically necessary to support life. Thorax. 2020 ; 75 : 367.
14) Miller R, Englund K. Transmission and risk factors of OF COVID-19. Cleve Clin J Med. 2020 May 14.
15) Tran K, Cimon K, Severn M, et al. Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers : a systematic review. PLoS One. 2012 ; 7 : e35797.
16) van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, et al. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. 2020 ; 382 : 1564-7.
17) Hui DS, Chow BK, Lo T, et al. Exhaled air dispersion during high-flow nasal cannula therapy versus CPAP via different masks. Eur Respir J. 2019 ; 53 : 1802339.
18) American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Coronavirus FAQs : CPAP tips for sleep apnea patients. 2020 ; March 17th. https://aasm.org/coronaviruscovid-19-faqs-cpap-sleep-apnea-patients/
19) Krishnan V. COVID-19 and home positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 ; 201 : 28-9.
20) Thorpy M, Figuera-Losada M, Ahmed I, et al. Management of sleep apnea in New York city during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep Med. 2020 ; 74 : 86-90.
21) Sole G, Salort-Campana E, Pereon Y, et al. Guidance for the care of neuromuscular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from the French Rare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020 ; 176 : 507-15.
22) Baker JG, Sovani M. Case for continuing community NIV and CPAP during the COVID-19 epidemic. Thorax. 2020 ; 75 : 368.
23) England PH. COVID-19 : Guidance for infection prevention and control in healthcare settings. version 1.0.
24) Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2020 ; 382 : 1177-9.
25) 日本神経学会難病医療体制セクション. COVID-19に関連する筋ジストロフィー・重症心身障害児者・神経筋難病患者に対する呼吸ケアの注意点. 2020.
26) Schutte-Rodin S. Telehealth, telemedicine, and obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med Clin. 2020 ; 15 : 359-75.
27) Spicuzza L, Sanna A. Continuum of care for patients with obstructive sleep apnea after one year from the COVID-19 pandemic onset : no time for further delays : Practical issues for a safe and effective management. Sleep Med. 2021 ; 84 : 98-106.
28) Fujita H, Suzuki K. [NPPV treatment for neuromuscular diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic]. Brain Nerve. 2020 ; 72 : 1085-9.
29) Karamouzos V, Fligou F, Gogos C, et al. High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in adults with COVID-19 respiratory failure. A case report. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2020 ; 90 (2).
30) Adir Y, Segol O, Kompaniets D, et al. COVID-19 : minimising risk to healthcare workers during aerosol-producing respiratory therapy using an innovative constant flow canopy. Eur Respir J. 2020 ; 55 : 2001017.
31) Lucchini A, Giani M, Isgro S, et al. The "helmet bundle" in COVID-19 patients undergoing non invasive ventilation. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2020 ; 58 : 102859.
32) Suen CM, Hui DSC, Memtsoudis SG, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and noninvasive ventilation : Considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anesth Analg. 2020 ; 131 : 318-22.
33) Li YC, Bai WZ, Hashikawa T. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2020 ; 92 : 552-5.
34) Wax RS, Christian MD. Practical recommendations for critical care and anesthesiology teams caring for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) patients. Can J Anaesth. 2020 ; 67 : 568-76.
P.282 掲載の参考文献
1) 角田亘, 森井和枝, 後藤和也, 他. 新型コロナウイルス感染症 現場レポートCOVID-19 国際医療福祉大学成田病院リハビリテーションセンターからの現場レポート. 総合リハ. 2020 ; 48 : 866-7.
2) 園田茂. 不動・廃用症候群. Jpn J Rehabil Med. 2015 ; 52 : 265-71.
3) 角田亘, 北原崇真. 嚥下障害に対する対応 嚥下障害のリハビリテーション. Clin Neurosci. 2019 ; 37 : 582-5.
4) 角田亘, 北原崇真. 認知リハビリテーション. In : 園生雅弘, 他編. 脳神経疾患最新の治療 2021-2023. 東京 : 南江堂 ; 2021. p.325-8.
5) 吉原一文. 心療内科で用いるストレス対処法 慢性疲労症候群の診療を通して. 難病と在宅ケア. 2019 ; 25 : 37-41.
6) 江口真由美, 山口豊和, 上杉宗也. 通所リハビリテーションにおける異なる運動プログラムによる理学療法効果の検証. 理学療法学. 2009 ; 36 : 82-3.
7) 山田実. 知っておくべきサルコペニアの予防と治療 運動によるサルコペニアの予防と治療. Medical Practice. 2020 ; 37 : 755-9.
8) 岡崎哲也. 高次脳機能障害者の就労支援を考える. Jpn J Rehabil Med. 2020 ; 57 : 329-33.
9) 渡邉修. 就労/就学のためのリハビリテーション医療. In : 久保俊一, 他編. 脳血管障害のリハビリテーション医学・医療テキスト. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 2021. p.273-5.
10) 日本リハビリテーション医学会 リハビリテーション医療における安全管理・推進のためのガイドライン策定委員会, 編. 運動負荷を伴う訓練を実施するための基準. リハビリテーション医療における安全管理・推進のためのガイドライン 第2版. 東京 : 診断と治療社 ; 2019. p.23-58.
P.289 掲載の参考文献
1) Salerno M, Sessa F, Piscopo A, et al. No autopsies on COVID-19 deaths : a missed opportunity and the lockdown of science. J Clin Med. 2020 ; 9 : 1472.
2) Barth RF, Xu X, Buja LM. A call to action : the need for autopsies to determine the full extent of organ involvement associated with COVID-19. Chest. 2020 ; 158 : 43-4.
4) World Health Organization. Infection prevention and control for the safe management of a dead body in the context of COVID-19 : internal guidance. Updated 24 March 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331538
5) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Collection and submission of postmortem specimens from deceased persons with known or suspected COVID-19 (Interim guidance) 2020. Updated 2 Dec 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-postmortem-specimens.html
6) European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Considerations related to the safe handling of bodies of deceased persons with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Stockholm : ECDC ; 2020. Updated 23 March, 2020. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/considerations-related-safehandling-bodies-deceased-persons-suspected-or
7) College of American Pathologists. Amended COVID-19 autopsy guideline statement from the CAP autopsy committee. Updated Feb 2, 2021. https://documents.cap.org/documents/COVID-Autopsy-Statement.pdf
8) Caramaschi S, Kapp ME, Miller SE, et al. Histopathological findings and clinicopathologic correlation in COVID-19 : A systematic review. Mod Pathol. 2021 ; 34 : 1614-33.
9) Maiese A, Manetti AC, Bosetti C, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and the brain : A review of the current knowledge on neuropathology in COVID-19. Brain Pathol. 2021 ; 31 : e13013.
10) Thakur K, Miller EH, Glendinning MD, et al. COVID-19 neuropathology at Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital. Brain. 2021 ; 144 : 2696-708.
11) 吉田眞理. COVID-19の神経病理所見. In : 下畑享良, 編. COVID-19神経ハンドブック. 東京 : 中外医学社 ; 2022. p.70-7.
12) Adachi T, Chong J-M, Nakajima N, et al. Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical findings from autopsy of patient with COVID-19, Japan. Emerg Inf Dis. 2020 ; 26 : 2157-61.
13) Okudela K, Hayashi H, Yoshimura Y, et al. A Japanese case of COVID-19 : an autopsy report. Pathol Int. 2020 ; 70 : 820-4.
14) Takahashi K, Kajiura K, Nasu M, et al. Post-mortem biopsy of a patient with exacerbation of COVID-19 pneumonia. Respirol Case Rep. 2021 ; 9 : e00724.
15) Amiya S, Hirata H, Shiroyama T, et al. Fatal cytomegalovirus pneumonia in a critically ill patient with COVID-19. Repirol Case Rep. 2021 ; 9 : e00801.
16) Tanomogi N, Otani T, Araki J, et al. Radiologically undetectable latent pulmonary lymphocyte infiltration suggesting the need for early glucocorticoid therapy : an autopsy case of rapidly progressive COVID-19 pneumonia with lymphopenia. Int Med. 2021 ; 60 : 2145-8.
17) Mizutani M, Nakayama Y, Saitoh Y, et al. Pathologic and neuropathologic study of a case of COVID-19. JMA J. 2022 ; 5 : 157-160.
18) Takasu S, Ariizumi M, Matsumoto S, et al. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with COVID-19 : an autopsy case report. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2022 ; 18 : 80-5.
19) 日本臨床衛生検査技師会. https://www.jamt.or.jp/会員専用ページ内 : COVID-19症例の剖検プロトコル 2020/2/25版. 新型コロナウイルス感染症 (COVID-19) の剖検における感染予防策 2020/02/19版.
20) 日本病理学会. 病理業務関連情報. https://pathology.or.jp/side/relatedinformation.html
21) 日本法医学会. http://www.jslm.jp/topics/20200302.html
22) 日本法医病理学会. http://houibyouri.kenkyuukai.jp/information/information_detail.asp?id=113856
23) 日本神経病理学会. http://prion.umin.jp/file/prion_autopsy_manual.pdf
24) 高尾昌樹. COVID-19における神経病理の重要性と課題. Brain Nerve. 2020 ; 72 : 1061-5.
P.297 掲載の参考文献
1) 西城卓也, 今福輪太郎, 恒川幸司, 他. Post COVID-19 時代の医療者教育における新たな再考テーマ : 医療者教育学修士課程の実践から. 医学教育. 2020 ; 51 : 351-3.
2) Chen F, Lui AM, Martinelli SM. A systematic review of the effectiveness of flipped classrooms in medical education. Med Educ. 2017 ; 51 : 585-97.
3) Russel J. A circumplex model of emotions. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1980 ; 39 : 1161-78.
4) Petrica A, Lungeanu D, Ciuta A, et al. Using 360-degree video for teaching emergency medicine during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Med. 2021 ; 53 : 1520-30.
5) Parsons D, MacCallum K. Current perspectives on augmented reality in medical education : Applications, affordances and limitations. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2021 ; 12 : 77-91.
6) ヴィゴツキー. 柴田義松, 訳. 思考と言語, 新訳版. 東京 : 新読書社 ; 2001.
7) Gormley GJ, Collins K, Boohan M. et al. Is there a place for e-learning in clinical skills? A survey of undergraduate medical students' experiences and attitudes. Med Teach. 2009 ; 31 (1) : e6-12.
8) Shikino K, Rosu CA, Yokokawa D, et al. Flexible e-learning video approach to improve fundus examination skills for medical students : a mixed-methods study. BMC Med Educ. 2021 ; 21 : 1-9.
9) 西城卓也, 今福輪太郎. 脳神経内科領域における医学教育の展望 : Post/with コロナ時代を見据えて (Vol. 2) 現代の指導医に求められる「支援者的」臨床教育アプローチ. Brain Nerve. 2021 ; 73 : 1164-7.
P.305 掲載の参考文献
1) ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (Version : 05/2021). https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en. 2021年12月参照.
2) WHOホームページ. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/directorgeneral/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-themedia-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 (掲載確認日 : 2022年1月10日).
2) Freudenberger H. Staff Burnout. J Soc Issues. 1974 ; 30 : 159-65.
3) Callard F, Perego E. How and why patients made Long COVID. Soc Sci Med. 2021 ; 268 : 113426.
3) Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. Maslach burnout inventory (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA : Consulting Psychologists Press ; 1996. p.1-52.
4) 久保真人. バーンアウトの心理学. 東京 : サイエンス社 ; 2004. p.1-215.
4) The BMJ Opinion. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/10/01/why-we-need-tokeep-using-the-patient-made-term-long-covid/ (掲載確認日 : 2022年1月10日).
5) McCarthy J. Moral distress : Feeling compelled to do the wrong thing. 日本看護倫理学会誌. 2020 ; 12 : 4-10. (宮原香里他訳「道徳的苦悩 : 間違ったことをせざる得ない気持ち」)
5) The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline. 2021. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188 (掲載確認日 : 2022年1月10日).
6) 米国疾病予防管理センター (CDC) ホームページ. Post-COVID Conditions. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html (掲載確認日 : 2022年1月10日).
6) Shanafelt TD, Boone S, Tan L, et al. Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance among US physicians relative to the general US population. Arch Intern Med. 2012 ; 172 : 1377-85.
7) Williams ES, Konrad TR, Scheckler WE, et al. Understanding physicians' intentions to withdraw from practice : the role of job satisfaction, job stress, mental and physical health. Health Care Manage Rev. 2001 ; 26 : 7-19.
7) 米国疾病予防管理センター (CDC) ホームページ. Evaluating and Caring for Patients with Post-COVID Conditions : Interim Guidance. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/post-covid-index.html (掲載確認日 : 2022年1月10日).
8) Al-Aly Z, Xie Y, Bowe B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Nature. 2021 ; 594 : 259-64.
8) West CP, Huschka MH, Novotny PJ, et al. Association of perceived medical errors with resident distress and empathy : a prospective longitudinal study. JAMA. 2006 ; 296 : 1071-8.
9) Panagioti M, Geraghty K, Johnson J, et al. Association between physician burnout and patient safety, professionalism, and patient satisfaction : a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 ; 178 : 1317-30.
9) National Institute of the Health (NIH). NIH launches new initiative to study "Long COVID". https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/nih-director/statements/nih-launches-new-initiative-study-long-covid (掲載確認日 : 2022年1月10日).
10) 下畑享良, 久保真人, 饗場郁子, 他. 脳神経内科医におけるバーンアウトの現状と対策-第1報-. 臨床神経学. 2021 ; 61 : 89-102.
11) 久保真人, 饗場郁子, 下畑享良, 他. 脳神経内科医におけるバーンアウト (第2報) -男性医師と女性医師の比較-. 臨床神経学. 2021 ; 61 : 219-27.
12) DeChant PF, Acs A, Rhee KB, et al. Effect of organization-directed workplace interventions on physician burnout : A systematic review. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2019 ; 3 : 384-408.
12) Halpin S, O'Connor R, Sivan M. Long COVID and chronic COVID syndromes. J Med Virol. 2021 ; 93 : 1242-3.
13) WHOホームページ. A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus, 6 October 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition-Clinical_case_definition-2021.1 (掲載確認日 : 2022年1月10日).
13) Busis NA, Shanafelt TD, Keran CM, et al. Burnout, career satisfaction, and well-being among US neurologists in 2016. Neurology. 2017 ; 88 : 797-808.
14) Shanafelt TD, West CP, Sloan JA, et al. Career fit and burnout among academic faculty. Arch Intern Med. 2009 ; 169 : 990-5.
14) 新型コロナウイルス感染症 (COVID-19) 診療の手引き 別冊罹患後症状のマネジメント (暫定版). 2021.
15) 久保真人. サービス業従事者における日本版バーンアウト尺度の因子的, 構成概念妥当性. 心理学研究. 2014 ; 85 : 364-72.
15) Proal AD, VanElzakker MB. Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) : An overview of biological factors that may contribute to persistent symptoms. Front Microbiol. 2021 ; 12 : 698169.
16) Ofei-Dodoo S, Loo-Gross C, Kellerman R. Burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress among family physicians in Kansas responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. JABFM. 2021 ; 34 : 522-30.
16) Sun J, Xiao J, Sun R, et al. Prolonged persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in body fluids. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 ; 26 : 1834-8.
17) Faria ARQP, Coelho HFC, Silva AB, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of burnout syndrome in frontline physicians : prevalence and associated factors. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2021 ; 67 : 942-9.
17) Liotti FM, Menchinelli G, Marchetti S, et al. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 RNA test results among patients who recovered from COVID-19 with prior negative results. JAMA Intern Med. 2021 ; 181 : 702-4.
18) Omar DI, Hani BM, Abd-Ellatif EE. Burnout among Physicians in Egypt during COVID-19 Pandemic. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2021 ; 82 : 599-608.
18) Chertow D, Stein S, Ramelli S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence throughoutthe human body and brain. (査読前論文). https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1139035/v1 (掲載確認日 : 2022年1月10日).
19) Bangash MN, Owen A, Alderman JE, et al. COVID-19 recovery : potential treatments for post-intensive care syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 ; 8 : 1071-3.
19) Wu Y, Wang J, Luo C, et al. Comparison of burnout frequency among oncology physicians and nurses working on the frontline and usual wards during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2020 ; 60 : e60-5.
20) 厚生労働科学特別研究事業 中間/最終報告. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/10900000/000798853.pdf (掲載確認日 : 2022年1月10日).
20) Dimitriu M, Pantea-Stoian A, Smaranda A, et al. Burnout syndrome in Romanian medical residents in time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Med Hypotheses. 2020 ; 144 : 109972.
21) Office for National Statistics. https://www.ons.gov.uk/news/statementsandletters/theprevalenceoflongcovidsymptomsandcovid19complications (掲載確認日 : 2020年1月10日).
21) Kodera S, Kimura Y, Tokairin Y, et al. Physician burnout in general hospitals turned into COVID-19 priority hospitals in Japan. JMA J. 2022 ; 5 : 118-23.
22) 久保真人, 小寺志保, 井石秀明, 他 東京都COVID-19重点医療機関における医師の実態調査-自由記述の分析から. 日本医師会雑誌. 2022 ; 150 : 2021-5.
22) Nasserie T, Hittle M, Goodman SN. Assessment of the frequency and variety of persistent symptoms among patients with COVID-19 : A systematic review. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 ; 4 : e2111417.
23) Groff D, Sun A, Ssentongo AE, et al. Short-term and Long-term Rates of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection : A Systematic Review. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 ; 4 : e2128568.
24) Whitaker M, Elliott J, Chadeau-Hyam M, et al. Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a random community sample of 508,707 people. medRxiv. 2021.
25) Office for National Statistics. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/coronaviruscovid19latestinsights/infections#long-covid (掲載確認日 : 2020年1月10日).
26) Nakagawara K, Namkoong H, Terai H, et al. Comprehensive and long-term surveys of COVID-19 sequelae in Japan, an ambidirectional multicentre cohort study : study protocol. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2021.
27) 世田谷区ホームページ. 新型コロナウイルス感染症の後遺症についてのアンケート調査結果. https://www.city.setagaya.lg.jp/mokuji/fukushi/003/005/006/d00194382.html (掲載確認日 : 2022年1月10日).
28) Ishii M, Terai H, Kabata H, et al. Clinical characteristics of 345 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Japan : A multicenter retrospective study. J Infect. 2020 ; 81 : e3-5.
29) Sudre CH, Murray B, Varsavsky T, et al. Attributes and predictors of long COVID. Nat Med. 2021 ; 27 : 626-31.
30) Phillips S, Williams M. Confronting our next national health disaster-long-haul Covid. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 385 : 577-9.
31) Antonelli M, Penfold RS, Merino J, et al. Risk factors and disease profile of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK users of the COVID Symptom Study app : A prospective, community-based, nested, case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 ; 22 : 43-55.
32) Namkoong H, Edahiro R, Fukunaga K, et al. Japan COVID-19 Task Force : A nation-wide consortium to elucidate host genetics of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. medRxiv. 2020.
33) The COVID-19 host genetics initiative. https://www.covid19hg.org/ (掲載確認日 : 2022年1月10日).
34) 新興・再興感染症データバンク事業ナショナルレポジトリ (REBIND). https://rebind.ncgm.go.jp/ (掲載確認日 : 2022年1月10日)

V Long COVID と神経・精神症状

P.313 掲載の参考文献
1) WHOホームページ. COVID-19-China. https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2020-DON229 (掲載確認日 : 2022年1月10日).
P.321 掲載の参考文献
1) A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus, 6 October 2021.
2) Taquet M, Geddes JR, Husain M, et al. 6-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236 379 survivors of COVID-19 : A retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021 ; 8 : 416-27.
3) Taquet M, Dercon Q, Luciano S, et al. Incidence, co-occurrence, and evolution of long-COVID features : A 6-month retrospective cohort study of 273,618 survivors of COVID-19. PLoS Med. 2021 ; 18 : e1003773.
4) Beraki S, Aronsson F, Karlsson H, et al. Influenza A virus infection causes alterations in expression of synaptic regulatory genes combined with changes in cognitive and emotional behaviors in mice. Molecular psychiatry. 2005 ; 10 : 299-308.
5) Mizutani M, Nakayama Y, Saitoh Y, et al. Pathologic and neuropathologic study of a case of COVID-19. pathologic and neuropathologic study of a case of COVID-19. JMA J. 2022 ; 5 : 157-60.
6) 高尾昌樹. COVID-19における神経病理の重要性と課題 [Important and Unresolved Aspects of Neuropathologic Analyses of COVID-19 Individuals]. Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo. 2020 ; 72 : 1061-5.
7) 高尾昌樹, 水澤英洋, 中嶋秀人. 【Neuro-COVID-19】COVID-19の神経障害 わが国の現状 NCNPと日本神経学会による調査結果. Clin Neurosci. 2021 ; 39 : 319-22.
8) 高尾昌樹. 【Neuro-COVID-19】COVID-19の神経障害 髄膜脳炎・脳症. Clin Neurosci. 2021 ; 39 : 335-7.
9) 高尾昌樹. 【COVID-19がメンタルヘルスに与える影響】COVID-19による中枢神経系への影響. 臨床精神薬理. 2021 ; 24 : 989-94.
10) Becker JH, Lin JJ, Doernberg M, et al. Assessment of cognitive function in patients After COVID-19 infection. JAMA Network Open. 2021 ; 4 : e2130645.
11) Valdes E, Fuchs B, Morrison C, et al. Demographic and social determinants of cognitive dysfunction following hospitalization for COVID-19. J Neurol Sci. 2022 : 120146.
12) Shimohata T. Neuro-COVID-19. Clin EXP Neuroimmunol. 2021.
13) Theoharides TC, Cholevas C, Polyzoidis K, et al. Long-COVID syndrome-associated brain fog and chemofog : Luteolin to the rescue. BioFactors (Oxford, England). 2021 ; 47 : 232-41.
14) Hugon J, Msika EF, Queneau M, et al. Long COVID : cognitive complaints (brain fog) and dysfunction of the cingulate cortex. J Neurol. 2022 ; 269 : 44-6.
15) 佐藤和貴郎, 山村隆. 【COVID-19-その診断と治療】ブレインフォグ. カレントテラピー. 2021 ; 39 : 1046-51.
16) Naik S, Haldar SN, Soneja M, et al. Post COVID-19 sequelae : A prospective observational study from Northern India. Drug discov Ther. 2021 ; 15 : 254-60.
17) 新型コロナウイルス感染症COVID-19診療の手引き 罹患後症状のマネジメント (暫定版) 2021. Available from : https://www.mhlw.go.jp>content.
P.326 掲載の参考文献
1) Sivan M, Taylor S. NICE guideline on long covid. BMJ. 2020 ; 371 : m4938.
2) Nath A. Special editorial. Long-haul COVID. Neurology. 2020 ; 95 : 559-60.
3) Komaroff AL, Lipkin WI. Insights from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome unravel the pathogenesis of postacute COVID-19 syndrome. Trends Mol Med. 2021 ; 27 : 895-906.
4) Tleyjeh IM, Saddik B, AISwaidan N, et al. Prevalence and predictors of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) after hospital discharge : A cohort study with 4 months medican follow-up. PLoS One. 2021 ; 16 : e0260568.
5) 山村隆, 小野紘彦, 佐藤和貴郎. 筋痛性脳脊髄炎/慢性疲労症候群の免疫病態. 特集 筋痛性脳性髄炎/慢性疲労症候群の今. BRAIN and NERVE. 2018 ; 70 : 35-40.
6) Loebel M, Grabowski P, Heidecke H, et al. Antibodies to beta adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Behav Immun. 2016 ; 52 : 32-9.
7) Fujii H, Sato W, Kimura Y, et al. Altered structural brain networks related to adrenergic/muscarinic receptor autoantibodies in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Neuroimaging 2020 ; 30 : 822-7.
8) Sato W, Ono H, Matsutani T, et al. Skewing of the B cell receptor repertoire in myaligic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Behav Immun. 2021 ; 95 : 245-55.
9) Sotzny F, Blanco J, Capelli E, et al. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-Evidence for an autoimmune disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2018 ; 17 : 601-9.
10) Wirth K, Scheibenbogen C. A unifying hypothesis of the pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) : Recognitions of the findings of autoantibodies against β2-adrenergic receptors. Autoimmun Rev. 2020 : 19 : 102527.
11) Apple AC, Oddi A, Peluso MJ, et al. Risk factors and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid associate with cognitive symptoms after mild COVID-19. Ann Clin Trans Neurol. 2022 ; 9 : 221-6.
12) Balcom EF, Nath A, Power C. Acute and chronic neurological disorders in COVID-19 : potential mechanisms of disease. Brain. 2021 ; 144 : 3576-88.
P.334 掲載の参考文献
1) Larsen NW, Stiles LE, Miglis MG. Preparing for the long-haul : Autonomic complications of COVID-19. Auton Neurosci. 2021 ; 235 : 102841.
2) Blitshteyn S, Whitelaw S. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and other autonomic disorders after COVID-19 infection : a case series of 20 patients. Immunol Res. 2021 ; 69 : 205-11.
3) Shouman K, Vanichkachorn G, Cheshire WP, et al. Autonomic dysfunction following COVID-19 infection : An early experience. Clin Auton Res. 2021 ; 31 : 385-94.
4) Agarwal AK, Garg R, Ritch A, et al. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Postgrad Med J. 2007 ; 83 : 478-80.
5) Miglis MG, Prieto T, Shaik R, et al. A case report of postural tachycardia syndrome after COVID-19. Clin Auton Res. 2020 ; 30 : 449-51.
6) Bisaccia G, Ricci F, Recce V, et al. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction : What do we know? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2021 ; 8 : 156.
7) Kanjwal K, Jamal S, Kichloo A, et al. New-onset postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome following coronavirus disease 2019 infection. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag. 2020 ; 11 : 4302-4.
8) Rass V, Beer R, Schiefecker AJ, et al. Neurological outcome and quality of life 3 months after COVID-19 : A prospective observational cohort study. Euro J Neuro. 2021 ; 28 : 3348-59.
9) Thieben MJ, Sandroni P, Sletten DM, et al. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome : The Mayo clinic experience. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007 ; 82 : 308-13.
10) Shaw BH, Stiles LE, Bourne K, et al. The face of postural tachycardia syndrome-insights from a large cross-sectional online community-based survey. J Intern Med. 2019 ; 286 : 438-48.
11) Dani M, Dirksen A, Taraborrelli P, et al. Autonomic dysfunction in ‘long COVID' : Rationale, physiology and management strategies. Clin Med (Lond). 2021 ; 21 : e63-7.
12) Johansson M, Stahlberg M, Runold M, et al. Long-haul post-COVID-19 symptoms presenting as a variant of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome : The Swedish experience. JACC Case Rep. 2021 ; 3 : 573-80.
13) Vernino S, Stiles LE. Autoimmunity in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome : Current understanding. Auton Neurosci. 2018 ; 215 : 78-82.
14) Fedorowski A. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome : clinical presentation, aetiology and management. J Intern Med. 2019 ; 285 : 352-66.
15) Wallukat G, Hohberger B, Wenzel K, et al. Functional autoantibodies against G-protein coupled receptors in patients with persistent Long-COVID-19 symptoms. J Transl Autoimmun. 2021 ; 4 : 100100.
16) Molina V, Shoenfeld Y. Infection, vaccines and other environmental triggers of autoimmunity. Autoimmunity. 2005 ; 38 : 235-45.
18) Desai AD, Boursiquot BC, Moore CJ, et al. Autonomic dysfunction post-acute COVID-19 infection. HeartRhythm Case Rep. 2022 ; 8 : 143-6.
19) Novak P. Post COVID-19 syndrome associated with orthostatic cerebral hypoperfusion syndrome, small fiber neuropathy and benefit of immunotherapy : a case report. eNeurologicalSci. 2020 ; 21 : 100276.
20) Barizien N, Le Guen M, Russel S, et al. Clinical characterization of dysautonomia in long COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep. 2021 ; 11 : 14042.
21) Sletten DM, Suarez GA, Low PA, et al. COMPASS 31 : A refined and abbreviated composite autonomic symptom score. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 ; 87 : 1196-201.
22) Buoite Stella A, Furlanis G, Frezza NA, et al. Autonomic dysfunction in post-COVID patients with and witfhout neurological symptoms : A prospective multidomain observational study. J Neurol. 2022 ; 269 : 587-96.
23) Raj SR, Arnold AC, Barboi A, et al. Long-COVID postural tachycardia syndrome : An American Autonomic Society statement. Clin Auton Res. 2021 ; 31 : 365-8.
P.342 掲載の参考文献
1) Cascella M, Del Gaudio A, Vittori A, et al. COVID-pain : Acute and late-onset painful clinical manifestations in COVID-19-molecular mechanisms and research perspectives. J Pain Res. 2021 ; 14 : 2403-12.
2) Costa AC, Romero TR, Pacheco DF, et al. Participation of AT1 and Mas receptors in the modulation of inflammatory pain. Peptides. 2014 ; 61 : 17-22.
3) Ji RR, Chamessian A, Zhang YQ. Pain regulation by non-neuronal cells and inflammation. Science. 2016 ; 354 : 572-7.
4) Meyer-Friessem CH, Gierthmuhlen J, Baron R, et al. Pain during and after COVID-19 in Germany and worldwide : A narrative review of current knowledge. Pain Rep. 2021 ; 6 : e893.
5) Caronna E, Pozo-Rosich P. Headache as a symptom of COVID-19 : Narrative review of 1-year research. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021 ; 25 : 73.
6) Garcia-Azorin D, Sierra A, Trigo J, et al. Frequency and phenotype of headache in covid-19 : a study of 2194 patients. Sci Rep. 2021 ; 11 : 14674.
8) Sampaio Rocha-Filho PA, Albuquerque PM, Carvalho L, et al. Headache, anosmia, ageusia and other neurological symptoms in COVID-19 : A cross-sectional study. J Headache Pain. 2022 ; 23 : 2.
10) Nwajei F, Anand P, Abdalkader M, et al. Cerebral venous sinus thromboses in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection : Three cases and a review of the literature. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020 ; 29 : 105412.
13) Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Navarro-Santana M, Gomez-Mayordomo V, et al. Headache as an acute and post-COVID-19 symptom in COVID-19 survivors : A meta-analysis of the current literature. Eur J Neurol. 2021 ; 28 : 3820-5.
14) Otsuka Y, Tokumasu K, Nakano Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of Japanese patients who visited a COVID-19 aftercare clinic for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19/long COVID. Cureus. 2021 ; 13 : e18568.
15) Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Gomez-Mayordomo V, Cuadrado ML, et al. The presence of headache at onset in SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with long-term post-COVID headache and fatigue : A case-control study. Cephalalgia. 2021 ; 41 : 1332-41.
16) Shin MD, Shukla S, Chung YH, et al. COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward. Nat Nanotechnol. 2020 ; 15 : 646-55.
17) Sekiguchi K, Watanabe N, Miyazaki N, et al. Incidence of headache after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with history of headache : A cross-sectional study. Cephalalgia. 2021 : 3331024211038654.
19) Gobel CH, Heinze A, Karstedt S, et al. Headache attributed to vaccination against COVID-19 (coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine : A multicenter observational cohort study. Pain Ther. 2021 ; 10 : 1309-30.
20) Ekizoglu E, Gezegen H, Yalinay Dikmen P, et al. The characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine-related headache : Clues gathered from the healthcare personnel in the pandemic. Cephalalgia. 2021 : 3331024211042390.
21) Silvestro M, Tessitore A, Orologio I, et al. Headache worsening after COVID-19 vaccination : An online questionnaire-based study on 841 patients with migraine. J Clin Med. 2021 ; 10 : 5914.
22) Garg RK, Paliwal VK. Spectrum of neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination. Neurol Sci. 2022 ; 43 : 3-40.
23) Chuang TY, Burda K, Teklemariam E, et al. Tolosa-Hunt syndrome presenting after COVID-19 vaccination. Cureus. 2021 ; 13 : e16791.
P.348 掲載の参考文献
1) Premraj L, Kannapadi NV, Briggs J, et al. Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome : A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci. 2022 ; 434 : 120162.
2) Carenzo L, Protti A, Dalla Corte F, et al. Short-term health-related quality of life, physical function and psychological consequences of severe COVID-19. Ann Intensive Care. 2021 ; 11 : 91.
3) Writing Committee for the CSG, Morin L, Savale L, et al. Four-month clinical status of a cohort of patients after hospitalization for COVID-19. JAMA. 2021 ; 325 : 1525-34.
4) Schandl A, Hedman A, Lynga P, et al. Long-term consequences in critically ill COVID-19 patients : A prospective cohort study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021 ; 65 : 1285-92.
5) Heesakkers H, van der Hoeven JG, Corsten S, et al. Clinical outcomes among patients with 1-year survival following intensive care unit treatment for COVID-19. JAMA. 2022 ; 327 : 559-65.
6) Geense WW, Zegers M, Peters MAA, et al. New physical, mental, and cognitive problems 1 year after ICU admission : A prospective multicenter study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021 ; 203 : 1512-21.
7) Theoharides TC, Cholevas C, Polyzoidis K, et al. Long-COVID syndrome-associated brain fog and chemofog : Luteolin to the rescue. Biofactors. 2021 ; 47 : 232-41.
8) Najjar S, Najjar A, Chong DJ, et al. Central nervous system complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection : Integrative concepts of pathophysiology and case reports. J Neuroinflammation. 2020 ; 17 : 231.
9) Morin CM, Bjorvatn B, Chung F, et al. Insomnia, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic : an international collaborative study. Sleep Med. 2021 ; 87 : 38-45.
10) Schweitzer F, Kleineberg NN, Goreci Y, et al. Neuro-COVID-19 is more than anosmia : Clinical presentation, neurodiagnostics, therapies, and prognosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2021 ; 34 : 423-31.
12) Poloni TE, Medici V, Moretti M, et al. COVID-19-related neuropathology and microglial activation in elderly with and without dementia. Brain Pathol. 2021 ; 31 : e12997.
13) Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, et al. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) : A review. Int J Surg. 2020 ; 78 : 185-93.
14) Gunnell D, Appleby L, Arensman E, et al. Suicide risk and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 ; 7 : 468-71.
15) Hao F, Tan W, Jiang L, et al. Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 ; 87 : 100-6.
16) Pirkis J, John A, Shin S, et al. Suicide trends in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic : An interrupted time-series analysis of preliminary data from 21 countries. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021 ; 8 : 579-88.
17) Sakamoto H, Ishikane M, Ghaznavi C, et al. Assessment of suicide in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic vs previous years. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 ; 4 : e2037378.
18) Horita N, Moriguchi S. Trends in suicide in Japan following the 2019 coronavirus pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 ; 5 : e224739.
19) Wickens CM, McDonald AJ, Elton-Marshall T, et al. Loneliness in the COVID-19 pandemic : Associations with age, gender and their interaction. J Psychiatr Res. 2021 ; 136 : 103-8.
20) Kourti A, Stavridou A, Panagouli E, et al. Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic : A systematic review. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2021 : 15248380211038690.
P.355 掲載の参考文献
1) Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild to moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) : A multicenter european study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 ; 277 : 2251-61.
2) Hopkins C, Surda P, Whitehead E, et al. Early recovery following new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic-an observational cohort study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 ; 49 : 26.
3) Eliezer M, Hamel AL, Houdart E, et al. Loss of smell in patients with COVID-19 : MRI data reveal a transient edema of the olfactory clefts. Neurology. 2020 ; 95 : e3145-52.
4) Ueha R, Kondo K, Kagoya R, et al. ACE2, TMPRSS2, and furin expression in the nose and olfactory bulb in mice and humans. Rhinology. 2021 ; 59 : 105-9.
5) Khan M, Yoo SJ, Clijsters, et al. Visualizing in decreased COVID-10 patients how SARS-CoV-2 attacks the respiratory and olfactory mucosae but spares the olfactory bulb. Cell. 2021 ; 184 : 5932-49.
6) Bryche B, St Albin A, Murri S, et al. Massive transient damage of the olfactory epithelium associated with infection of sustentacular cells by SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 ; 579-86.
7) Bilinska K, Butowt R. Anosmia in COVID-19 : A bumpy road to establishing a cellular mechanism. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020 ; 11 : 2152-5.
8) 厚生労働科学研究成果データベース. 新型コロナウイルス感染症による嗅覚, 味覚障害の機序と疫学, 予後の解明に資する研究. https://mhlw-grants.niph.go.jp/project/146094 (2022/02/14)
9) Tong JY, Wong A, Zhu D Ll, et sl. The prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 ; 163 : 3-11.
10) SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investication in England. Technical briefing 34. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1050236/technical-briefing-34-14-january-2022.pdf (2022/02/14)
11) Brandal LT, MacDonald E, Veneti L, et al. Outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in Norway, november to december 2021. Euro Surveill. 2021 ; 26 : 2101147.
12) 新型コロナウイルス感染症 診療の手引き 別冊罹患後症状のマネジメント. https://ajhc.or.jp/siryo/covid-betu.pdf (2022/02/14)
14) 日本鼻科学会嗅覚障害診療ガイドライン作成委員会. 嗅覚障害診療ガイドライン. 日鼻誌. 2017 ; 56 : 487-556.
15) Ogawa T, Nakamura K, Yamamoto S, et al. Recovery over time and prognostic factors in treated patients with post-infectious olfactory dysfunction : A retrospective study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2020 ; 129 : 977-82.
P.363 掲載の参考文献
1) Chou SH-Y, Beghi E, Helbok R, et al. Global incidence of neurological manifestations among patients hospitalized with COVID-19-A report for the GCS-neuroCOVID consortium and the ENERGY consortium. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 ; 4 : e2112131.
2) Carfi A, Bernabei R, Landi F, Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study group. Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19. JAMA. 2020 ; 324 : 603-5.
5) Mahase E. COVID-19 : What do we know about "long covid"? BMJ. 2020 ; 370 : m2815.
6) Callard F. Epidemic time : Thinking from the Sickbed. Bull Hist Med. 2020 ; 94 : 727-43.
7) Anaya J-M, Rojas M, Salinas ML, et al. Post-COVID syndrome. A case series and comprehensive review. Autoimmun Rev. 2021 ; 20 : 102947.
8) Whitaker M, Elliott J, Chadeau-Hyam M, et al. Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a random community sample of 508,707 people [Internet]. medRxiv. 2021. Available from : http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2021.06.28.21259452
9) Sudre CH, Murray B, Varsavsky T, et al. Attributes and predictors of long COVID. Nat Med. 2021 ; 27 : 626-31.
10) Blomberg B, Mohn KG-I, Brokstad KA, et al. Long COVID in a prospective cohort of home-isolated patients. Nat Med. 2021 ; 27 : 1607-13.
11) Graham EL, Clark JR, Orban ZS, et al. Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized COVID-19 "long haulers." Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2021 ; 8 : 1073-85.
12) Taquet M, Geddes JR, Husain M, et al. 6-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236 379 survivors of COVID-19 : a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2021 ; 8 : 416-27.
13) Taquet M, Dercon Q, Luciano S, et al. Incidence, co-occurrence, and evolution of long-COVID features : A 6-month retrospective cohort study of 273,618 survivors of COVID-19. PLoS Med. 2021 ; 18 : e1003773.
14) Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital : a cohort study. Lancet. 2021 ; 397 : 220-32.
15) Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections : a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 ; 7 : 611-27.
16) Larsen NW, Stiles LE, Miglis MG. Preparing for the long-haul : Autonomic complications of COVID-19. Auton Neurosci. 2021 ; 235 : 102841.
17) Xydakis MS, Albers MW, Holbrook EH, et al. Post-viral effects of COVID-19 in the olfactory system and their implications. Lancet Neurol. 2021 ; 20 : 753-61.
18) Ohla K, Veldhuizen MG, Green T, et al. Increasing incidence of parosmia and phantosmia in patients recovering from COVID-19 smell loss [Internet]. bioRxiv. 2021. Available from : http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2021.08.28.21262763
19) Rogers-Brown JS, Wanga V, Okoro C, et al. Outcomes Among Patients Referred to Outpatient Rehabilitation Clinics After COVID-19 diagnosis-United States, January 2020-March 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 ; 70 : 967-71.
20) Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Ely EW. Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. N Engl J Med. 2014 ; 370 : 185-6.
22) Wang EY, Mao T, Klein J, et al. Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19. Nature. 2021 ; 595 : 283-8.
24) Guedj E, Campion JY, Dudouet P, et al. 18F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in patients with long COVID. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021 ; 48 : 2823-33.
25) Blazhenets G, Schroeter N, Bormann T, et al. Slow but evident recovery from neocortical dysfunction and cognitive impairment in a series of chronic COVID-19 patients. J Nucl Med. 2021 ; 62 : 910-5.
26) Beghi E, Giussani G, Westenberg E, et al. Acute and post-acute neurological manifestations of COVID-19 : present findings, critical appraisal, and future directions. J Neurol [Internet]. 2021 ; Available from : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-021-10848-4
27) Kuodi P, Gorelik Y, Zayyad H, et al. Association between vaccination status and reported incidence of post-acute COVID-19 symptoms in Israel : a cross-sectional study of patients tested between March 2020 and November 2021 [Internet]. bioRxiv. 2022. Available from : http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2022.01.05.22268800
28) Sipila PN, Heikkila N, Lindbohm JV, et al. Hospital-treated infectious diseases and the risk of dementia : a large, multicohort, observational study with a replication cohort. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 ; 21 : 1557-67.

VI ワクチンと副反応

P.375 掲載の参考文献
1) 一般社団法人日本感染症学会 ワクチン委員会・COVID-19ワクチン・タスクフォース. COVID-19ワクチンに関する提言 (第4版). p3. https://www.kansensho.or.jp/uploads/files/guidelines/2112_covid-19_4kasen.pdf
2) Versteeg L, Almutairi MM, Hotez PJ, et al. Enlisting the mRNA vaccine platform to combat parasitic infections. Vaccines (Basel). 2019 ; 7 : 122.
3) Rauch S, Jasny E, Schmidt KE, et al. New vaccine technologies to combat outbreak situations. Front Immunol. 2018 ; 9 : 1963.
4) 日本神経学会. COVID-19ワクチンに関する日本神経学会の見解. https://www.neurology-jp.org/covid/index.html
7) Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Madhi SA, et al. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2 : an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Lancet. 2021 ; 397 : 99-111.
8) Frenck RW Jr, Klein NP, Kitchin N, et al. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine in adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 385 : 39-50.
9) Ali K, Berman G, Zhou H, et al. Evaluation of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 385 : 2241-51.
10) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Real-World Study Confirms Protective Benefits of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/p0329-COVID-19-Vaccines.html
11) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fully Vaccinated Adults 65 and Older Are 94% Less Likely to Be Hospitalized with COVID-19. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/p0428-vaccinated-adults-less-hospitalized.html
12) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Largest CDC COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Study in Health Workers Shows mRNA Vaccines 94% Effective. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/p0514-covid-19-vaccineeffectiveness.html
13) Dagan N, Barda N, Kepten E, et al. BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine in a nationwide mass vaccination setting. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 384 : 1412-23.
14) El Sahly HM, Baden LR, Essink B, et al. Efficacy of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine at completion of blinded phase. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 385 : 1774-85.
15) 国立感染症研究所感染症疫学センター. 新型コロナワクチンの有効性を検討した症例対照研究の暫定報告 (第一報). https://www.niid.go.jp/niid/ja/2019-ncov/2484-idsc/10614-covid19-55.html
16) Tenforde MW, Self WH, Adams K, et al. Association between mRNA vaccination and COVID-19 hospitalization and disease severity. JAMA. 2021 ; 326 : 2043-54.
18) Muik A, Wallisch AK, Sanger B, et al. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 pseudovirus by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited human sera. Science. 2021 ; 371 : 1152-3.
19) Wu K, Werner AP, Moliva JI, et al. mRNA-273 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against spike mutants from global SARS-CoV-2 variants. bioRxiv. 2021 Jan 25 ; 2021.01.25.427948. doi : 10.1101/2021.01.25.427948.
22) Lopez Bernal J, Andrews N, Gower C, et al. Effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 385 : 585-94.
23) Skowronski DM, Setayeshgar S, Febriani Y, et al. Two dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness with mixed schedules and extended dosing intervals : test negative design studies from British Columbia and Quebec, Canada. medRxiv. 2021. doi : https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.26.21265397
24) 国立感染症研究所感染症疫学センター. 新型コロナワクチンの有効性を検討した症例対 照研究の暫定報告 (第二報). https://www.niid.go.jp/niid/ja/2019-ncov/2484-idsc/10757-covid19-61.html
25) Genomic epidemiology of novel coronavirus-Global subsampling. https://nextstrain.org/ncov/gisaid/global
26) Pulliam JRC, van Schalkwyk C, Govender N, et al. Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of the Omicron variant in South Africa 2021-12-01. medRxiv. 2021.
27) Pfizer. Pfizer and BioNTech provide update on Omicron variant. https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontechprovide-update-omicron-variant
28) Levin EG, Lustig Y, Cohen C, et al. Waning immune humoral response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine over 6 Months. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 385 : e84.
29) Arbel R, Hammerman A, Sergienko R, et al. BNT162b2 vaccine booster and mortality due to Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 385 : 2413-20.
30) Spitzer A, Angel Y, Marudi O, et al. Association of a third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine with incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers in Israel. JAMA. 2022 Jan 10. doi : 10.1001/jama.2021.23641. Online ahead of print.
31) Bar-On YM, Goldberg Y, Mandel M, et al. Protection against Covid-19 by BNT162b2 booster across age groups. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 385 : 2421-30.
32) Andrews N, Stowe J, Kirsebom F, et al. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of concern. https://khub.net/documents/135939561/430986542/Effectiveness+of+COVID-19+vaccines+against+Omicron+variant+of+concern.pdf/f423c9f4-91cb-0274-c8c5-70e8fad50074
33) コミナティ筋注 添付文書. https://www.pmda.go.jp/PmdaSearch/iyakuDetail/ResultDataSetPDF/672212_631341DA1025_1_10
34) スパイクバックス筋注 添付文書. https://www.pmda.go.jp/PmdaSearch/iyakuDetail/ResultDataSetPDF/400256_631341EA1038_1_02
35) バキスゼブリア筋注 適正使用ガイド. https://www.town.inagawa.lg.jp/ikkrwebBrowse/material/files/group/42/cc2021_vaxzev_0520.indd.pdf
36) CDC COVID-19 Response Team ; Food and Drug Administration. Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis after receipt of the first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine-United States, December 14-23, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 ; 70 : 46-51.
37) CDC COVID-19 Response Team ; Food and Drug Administration. Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis after receipt of the first dose of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine-United States, December 21, 2020-January 10, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 ; 70 : 125-9.
39) 第73回厚生科学審議会予防接種・ワクチン分科会副反応検討部会, 令和3年度第23回薬事・食品衛生審議会薬事分科会医薬品等安全対策部会安全対策調査会 (合同開催) 資料. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/10601000/000862253.pdf
40) Turner PJ, Ansotegui IJ, Campbell DE, et al. Covid-19 vaccine-associated anaphylaxis : a statement of the world allergy organization anaphylaxis committee. World Allergy Organ J. 2021 ; 14 : 100517.
41) 厚生労働省. 新型コロナワクチンQ&A. ワクチンを接種すると心筋炎や心膜炎になる人がいるというのは本当ですか. https://www.cov19-vaccine.mhlw.go.jp/qa/0079.html
42) Gargano JW, Wallace M, Hadler SC, et al. Use of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine after reports of myocarditis among vaccine recipients : Update from the advisory committee on immunization practices-United States, June 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 ; 70 : 977-82. doi : 10.15585/mmwr.mm7027e2.
43) Singer ME, Taub IB, Kaelber DC. Risk of myocarditis from COVID-19 infection in people under age 20 : A population-based analysis. medRxiv, 2021. doi : 10.1101/2021.07.23.21260998.
44) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. linical considerations : myocarditis and pericarditis after receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines among adolescents and young adults. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinicalconsiderations/myocarditis.html
45) MHRA : Coronavirus vaccine-summary of yellow card reporting-July 22, 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-cardreporting
46) European Medicines Agency. AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine : EMA finds possible link to very rare cases of unusual blood clots with low blood platelets. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine-emafinds-possible-link-very-rare-cases-unusual-blood-clots-low-blood
47) 日本脳卒中学会, 日本血栓止血学会. アストラゼネカ社 COVID-19ワクチン接種後の血小板減少症を伴う血栓症の診断と治療の手引き・第3版. https://www.jsts.gr.jp/news/pdf/20211117_tts.pdf
48) 厚生労働省. 新型コロナウイルス感染症に係る臨時の予防接種実施要領. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/000834603.pdf
49) European Medical Agency : COVID-19 vaccine safety update Vaxzevria- July 14, 2021. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/covid-19-vaccinesafety-update/covid-19-vaccine-safety-update-vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-14-july-2021_en.pdf
50) Maramattom BV, Krishnan P, Paul R, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome following ChAdOx1-S/nCoV-19 vaccine. Ann Neurol. 2021 ; 90 : 312-4.
51) Antonelli M, Penfold RS, Merino J, et al. Risk factors and disease profile of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK users of the COVID symptom study app : A prospective, community-based, nested, case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 ; 22 : 43-55.
52) Monto AS. The future of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-Lessons from influenza. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 385 : 1825-27.
P.385 掲載の参考文献
1) Greinacher A, Thiele T, Warkentin TE, et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 384 : 2092-101.
2) Schultz NH, Sorvoll IH, Michelsen AE, et al. Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 384 : 2124-30.
3) Scully M, Singh D, Lown R, et al. Pathologic antibodies to platelet factor 4 after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 384 : 2202-11.
4) Coronavirus Vaccine-summary of Yellow Card reporting (publishing.service.gov.uk)
5) See I, Su JR, Lale A, et al. US case reports of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with thrombocytopenia after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination, March 2 to April 21, 2021. JAMA. 2021 ; 325 : 2448-56.
6) Greinacher A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 2015 ; 373 : 252-61.
7) Greinacher A, Selleng K, Warkentin TE. Autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost. 2017 ; 15 : 2099-114.
8) Greinacher A, Selleng K, Palankar R, et al. Insights in ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2021 ; 138 : 2256-68.
9) Rollin J, Pouplard C, Gruel Y. Risk factors for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia : Focus on Fcγ receptors. Thromb Haemost. 2016 ; 116 : 799-805.
10) Perdomo J, Leung HHL, Ahmadi Z, et al. Neutrophil activation and NETosis are the major drivers of thrombosis in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Nat Commun. 2019 ; 10 : 1322.
11) Klok FA, Pai M, Huisman MV, et al. Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Lancet Haematol. 2022 ; 9 : e73-e80.
12) Pavord S, Scully M, Hunt BJ, et al. Clinical features of vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 385 : 1680-9.
13) ISTH_VITT_Guidance_2.pdf (ymaws.com)
14) coronavirus_vipitguidance.pdf (un.org)
15) TTS手引き ver.3.3 (jsts.gr.jp)
16) Perry RJ, Tamborska A, Singh B, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis after vaccination against COVID-19 in the UK : A multicentre cohort study. Lancet. 2021 ; 398 : 1147-56.
17) Sanchez van Kammen M, Aguiar de Sousa D, Poli S, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. JAMA Neurol. 2021 ; 78 : 1314-23.
18) Salih F, Schonborn L, Kohler S, et al. Vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia with severe headache. N Engl J Med. 2021 ; 385 : 2103-5.
19) Thiele T, Weisser K, Schonborn L, et al. Laboratory confirmed vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia : Retrospective analysis of reported cases after vaccination with ChAdOx-1 nCoV-19 in Germany. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2022 ; 12 : 100270.
20) Warkentin TE. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia : A review. Expert Rev Hematol. 2019 ; 12 : 685-98.
21) Greinacher A, Selleng K, Warkentin TE. Autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost. 2017 ; 15 : 2099-114.
22) Muller J, Buchsel M, Feil K, et al. The use of IV immunoglobulin in the treatment of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2021 ; 138 : 992-6.
23) Rizk JG, Gupta A, Sardar P, et al. Clinical characteristics and pharmacological management of COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis : A review. JAMA Cardiol. 2021 ; 6 : 1451-60.
24) Gunther A, Bramer D, Pletz MW, et al. Complicated long term vaccine induced thrombotic immune thrombocytopenia-A case report. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 ; 9 : 1344.
25) MAGICapp Guideline : COVID-19 rapid guideline : vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT)
26) Lacy J, Pavord S, Brown KE. VITT and second doses of Covid-19 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2022 ; 386 : 95.
P.392 掲載の参考文献
1) Sejvar JJ, Baughman AL, Wise M, et al. Population incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiol. 2011 ; 36 : 123-33.
2) Shahrizaila N, Lehmann HC, Kuwabara S. Guillain-Barre syndrome. Lancet. 2021 ; 397 : 1214-28.
3) Luijten LWG, Leonhard SE, van der Eijk AA, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection in an international prospective cohort study. Brain. 2021 ; 144 : 3392-404.
4) Yuki N, Susuki K, Koga M, et al. Carbohydrate mimicry between human ganglioside GM1 and Campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharide causes Guillain-Barre syndrome. Proc Natl Aca Sci USA. 2004 ; 101 : 11404-9.
5) Schonberger LB, Bregman DJ, Sullivan-Bolyai JZ, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome following vaccination in the National Influenza Immunization Program, United States, 1976-1977. Am J Epidemiol. 1979 ; 110 : 105-23.
6) Principi N, Esposito S. Vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccines and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Vaccine. 2019 ; 37 : 5544-50.
8) Garcia-Grimshaw M, Michel-Chavez A, Vera-Zertuche JM, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome is infrequent among recipients of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Clin Immunol. 2021 ; 230 : 108818.
9) Bouattour N, Hdiji O, Sakka S, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome following the first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine : case report and review of reported cases. Neurol Sci. 2022 ; 43 : 755-61.
10) Censcak D, Ungermann L, Stetkarova I, et al. Guillan-Barre syndrome after first vaccination dose against COVID-19 : Case report. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2021 ; 64 : 183-6.
11) Scendoni R, Petrelli C, Scaloni G, et al. Electromyoneurography and laboratory findings in a case of Guillain-Barre syndrome after second dose of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 ; 17 : 4093-6.
12) Waheed S, Bayas A, Hindi F, et al. Neurological complications of COVID-19 : Guillain-Barre syndrome following Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. Cureus. 2021 ; 13 : e13426.
13) Trimboli M, Zoleo P, Arabia G, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome following BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine. Neurol Sci. 2021 ; 42 : 4401-2.
14) Razok A, Shams A, Almeer A, et al. Post-COVID-19 vaccine Guillain-Barre syndrome ; first reported case from Qatar. Ann Med Surg. 2021 ; 67 : 102540.
15) Ogbebor O, Seth H, Min Z, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome following the first dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine : A temporal occurrence, not a causal association. IDCases. 2021 ; 24 : e01143.
16) Fukushima T, Tomita M, Ikeda S, et al. A case of sensory ataxic Guillain-Barre syndrome with immunoglobulin G anti-GM1 antibodies following the first dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer). QJM. 2022 ; 115 : 25-7.
17) Abicic A, Adamec I, Habek M. Miller Fisher syndrome following Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. Neurol Sci. 2022 ; 43 : 1495-7.
19) Dalwadi V, Hancock D, Ballout AA, et al. Axonal-variant Guillian-Barre syndrome temporally associated with mRNA-based moderna SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Cureus. 2021 ; 13 : e18291.
20) Masuccio FG, Comi C, Solaro C. Guillain-Barre syndrome following COVID-19 vaccine mRNA-1273 : A case report. Acta Neurol Belg. 2021 Nov 12 : 1-3. doi : 10.1007/s13760-021-01838-4.
21) Matarneh AS, Al-Battah AH, Farooqui K, et al. COVID-19 vaccine causing Guillain-Barre syndrome, a rare potential side effect. Clin Case Rep. 2021 ; 9 : e04756.
22) Maramattom BV, Krishnan P, Paul R, et al. Guillain-Barre Syndrome following ChAdOx1-S/nCoV-19 vaccine. Ann Neurol 2021 ; 90 : 312-4.
23) James J, Jose J, Gafoor VA, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 COVID-19 vaccination : A case series. Neurol Clin Neurosci. 2021 ; 9 : 402-5.
24) McKean N, Chircop C. Guillain-Barre syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 ; 14 : e244125.
25) Introna A, Caputo F, Santoro C, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome after AstraZeneca COVID-19-vaccination : A causal or casual association? Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021 ; 208 : 106887.
26) Theuriet J, Richard C, Becker J, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome following first injection of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine : First report. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2021 ; 177 : 1305-7.
27) Bonifacio GB, Patel D, Cook S, et al. Bilateral facial weakness with paraesthesia variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome following Vaxzevria COVID-19 vaccine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022 ; 93 : 341-2.
28) Allen CM, Ramsamy S, Tarr AW, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome variant occurring after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Ann Neurol. 2021 ; 90 : 315-8.
29) Shao SC, Wang CH, Chang KC, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021 ; 27 : 3175-8.
30) Nasuelli NA, De Marchi F, Cecchin M, et al. A case of acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with bilateral facial palsy after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Neurl Sci. 2021 ; 42 : 4747-9.
31) Kanabar G, Wilkinson P. Guillain-Barre syndrome presenting with facial diplegia following COVID-19 vaccination in two patients. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 ; 14 : e244527.
32) Patel SU, Khurram R, Lakhani A, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome following the first dose of the chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine, ChAdOx1. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 ; 14 : e242956.
33) Hasan T, Khan M, Khan F, et al. Case of Guillain-Barre syndrome following COVID-19 vaccine. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 ; 14 : e243629.
34) Kripalani Y, Lakkappan V, Parulekar L, et al. A rare case of Guillain-Barre syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2021 ; 8 : 002707.
35) Min YG, Ju W, Ha YE, et al. Sensory Guillain-Barre syndrome following the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine : Report of two cases and review of literature. J Neuroimmunol. 2021 ; 359 : 577691.
36) Dang YL, Bryson A. Miller-Fisher syndrome and Guillain-Barre syndrome overlap syndrome in a patient post Oxford-AstraZeneca SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 ; 14 : e246701.
37) Finsterer J. Exacerbating Guillain-Barre syndrome eight days after vector-based COVID-19 vaccination. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2021 ; 2021 : 3619131.
38) Tiemstra JD, Khatkhate N. Bell's palsy : Diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2007 ; 76 : 997-1002.
39) Mutsch M, Zhou W, Rhodes P, et al. Use of the inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine and the risk of Bell's palsy in Switzerland. N Engl J Med. 2004 ; 350 : 896-903.
40) Zhou W, Pool V, DeStefano F, et al. A potential signal of Bell's palsy after parenteral inactivated influenza vaccines : Reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) --United States, 1991-2001. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004 ; 13 : 505-10.
43) Shibli R, Barnett O, Abu-Full Z, et al. Association between vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and Bell's palsy : A population-based study. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021 ; 11 : 100236.
44) Sato K, Mano T, Niimi Y, et al. Facial nerve palsy following the administration of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines : Analysis of a self-reporting database. Int Infect Dis. 2021 ; 111 : 310-2.
45) Burrows A, Bartholomew T, Rudd J, et al. Sequential contralateral facial nerve palsies following COVID-19 vaccination first and second doses. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 ; 14 : e243829.
46) Cellina M, D'Arrigo A, Floridi C, et al. Left Bell's palsy following the first dose of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine : A case report. Clin Imaging. 2021 ; 82 : 1-4.
47) Iftikhar H, Noor SMU, Masood M, et al. Bell's palsy after 24 hours of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Cureus 2021 ; 13 : e15935.
48) Colella G, Orlandi M, Cirillo N. Bell's palsy following COVID-19 vaccination. J Neurol. 2021 ; 268 : 3589-91.
49) Martin-Villares C, Vazquez-Feito A, Gonzalez-Gimeno MJ, et al. Bell's palsy following a single dose of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine : A case report. J Neurol. 2022 ; 269 : 47-8.
50) Obermann M, Krasniqi M, Ewers N, et al. Bell's palsy following COVID-19 vaccination with high CSF antibody response. Neurol Sci. 2021 ; 42 : 4397-9.
P.401 掲載の参考文献
1) Garg RK, Paliwal VK. Spectrum of neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination. Neurol Sci. 2022 ; 43 : 3-40.
2) Koh JS, Hoe RHM, Chiew HJ, et al. Hospital-based observational study of neurological disorders in patients recently vaccinated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. J Neurol Sci. 2021 ; 430 : 120030.
3) 福武敏夫. 神経症状の診かた・考えかた-General Neurologyのすすめ-. 第2版. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 2017. (特に第8章, 第9章)
4) Hull M, Parnes M, Jankovic J. Increased incidence of functional (psychogenic) movement disorders in children and adults amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Neurol Clin Pract. 2021 ; 11 : e686-90.
5) Machado M, Tarrano C, Mesrati F, et al. Functional movement disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic : back to Charcot's Era at the Salpetriere. Mov Disord. 2022 ; 37 : 432-4.
6) Pringsheim T, Ganos C, McGuire JF, et al. Rapid onset functional tic-like behaviors in young females during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mov Disord. 2021 ; 36 : 2707-13.
7) Valdes-Florido MJ, Lopez-Diaz A, Palermo-Zeballos FJ, et al. Reactive psychoses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic : clinical perspectives from a case series. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed). 2020 ; 13 : 90-4.
8) Valente KD, Alessi R, Baroni G, et al. The COVID-19 outbreak and PNES : the impact of a ubiquitously felt stressor. Epilepsy Behav. 2021 ; 117 : 107852.
9) Brandao PRP, Grippe TC, Pereira DA, et al. New-onset movement disorders associated with COVID-19. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2021 ; 11 : 26.
10) Misra S, Kolappa K, Prasad M, et al. Frequency of neurologic manifestations in COVID-19 : a systemic review and meta-analysis. Neurology. 2021 ; 97 : e2269-81.
11) Clark JR, Liotta EM, Reish NJ, et al. Abnormal movements in hospitalized COVID-19 patients : a case series. J Neurol Sci. 2021 ; 423 : 117377.
12) Piscitelli D, Perin C, Tremolizzo L, et al. Functional movement disorders in a patient with COVID-19. Neurol Sci. 2020 ; 41 : 2343-4.
13) Garg A, Goyal S, Comellas AP. Post-acute COVID-19 functional movement disorder. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2021 ; 9 : 1-5.
14) Zariffeh A, Youssef AS, Rizvi F, et al. Post severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection tremors in a nonverbal autistic adolescent. Cureus. 2021 ; 13 : e16296.
15) Delgado C, Parees I, Jimenez-Huete A, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on functional movement disorders : lessons from a specialized clinic. Mov Disord. 2020 ; 35 : 1723-4.
16) Nistico V, Goeta D, Gambini O, et al. The psychological impact of COVID-19 among a sample of Italian patients with functional neurological disorders : A preliminary study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2020 ; 78 : 78-81.
17) Butler M, Tamborska A, Wood GK, et al. Considerations for causality assessment of neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines : from cerebral venous sinus thrombosis to functional neurological disorder. JNNP. 2021 ; 92 : 1144-51.
18) Linden SC, Carson AJ, Wessely S. Functional neurological disorder after vaccination : a balanced approach informed by history. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2021 ; 51 : 330-1.
19) Ng JH, Chaudhuri KR, Tan EK. Functional neurological disorders and COVID-19 vaccination. Ann Neurol. 2021 ; 90 : 328.
20) Kim DD, Kung GS, Perez DL. Helping the public understand adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccinations : lessons learned from functional neurological disorder. JAMA Neurol. 2021 ; 78 : 789-90.
21) Ercoli T, Lutzoni L, Orofino G, et al. Functional neurological disorder after COVID-19 vaccination. Neurol Sci. 2021 ; 42 : 3989-90.
22) Butler M, Coebergh JA, Safavi F, et al. Functional neurological disorder after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines : Two case reports and discussion of potential public health implications. J Neuropsychiat Clin Neurosci. 2021 ; 33 : 345-8.
23) Fasano A, Daniele A. Functional disorders after COVID-19 vaccine fuel vaccination hesitancy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022 ; 93 : 339-40.
24) Garcia-Grimshaw M, Ceballos-Liceaga SE, Hernandez-Vanegas LE. Neurologic adverse events among 704,003 first-dose recipients of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in Mexico : A nationwide descriptive study. Clin Immunol. 2021 ; 229 : 108786.
25) Salinas M, Dieppa M.Transient akathisia after the SARS-Cov-2 vaccine. Clin Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021 ; 4 : 100098.
26) Erro R, Buonomo AB, Barone P, et al. Severe dyskinesia after administration of SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccine in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2021 ; 36 : 2219.
27) Goss AL, Samudralwar RD, Das RR, et al. ANA investigates : neurological complications of COVID-19 vaccines. Ann Neurol. 2021 ; 89 : 856-7.
P.409 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本神経学会. COVID-19ワクチンに関する日本神経学会の見解 (第4版) (2021年8月27日掲載). https://www.neurology-jp.org/covid/index.html
2) 多発性硬化症国際連合. 新型コロナウイルス感染症に関する多発性硬化症患者さんへの助言 (2021年6月4日改訂版). http://www.neuroimmunology.jp/jpn/news/MSIF_COVID19_jp.pdf
3) Fragoso YD, Gomes S, Goncalves MV, et al. New relapse of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica as a potential adverse event of AstraZeneca AZD1222 vaccination for COVID-19. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 : 103321. Epub ahead of print.
4) Di Filippo M, Cordioli C, Malucchi S, et al. mRNA COVID-19 vaccines do not increase the short-term risk of clinical relapses in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021 : jnnp-2021-327200. Online ahead of print.
5) Sy MY, Fromm E, Doan L, et al. Nicolau syndrome after glatiramer acetate injection in close proximity to administration of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021 ; 9 : e1112.
6) Ismail II, Salama S. A systematic review of cases of CNS demyelination following COVID-19 vaccination. J Neuroimmunol. 2022 ; 362 : 577765.
7) Novak F, Nilsson AC, Nielsen C, et al. Humoral immune response following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination concomitant to anti-CD20 therapy in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 ; 56 : 103251.
8) Dreyer-Alster S, Menascu S, Mandel M, et al. COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis : Safety and humoral efficacy of the third booster dose. J Neurol Sci. 2022 ; 434 : 120155.
9) Schumacher F, Mrdenovic N, Scheicht D, et al. Humoral immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases under treatment with Rituximab : a case-control study (COVID-19VacRTX). Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 : keac036.
10) Shields AM, Venkatachalam S, Shafeek S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses following CD20-depletion treatment in patients with haematological and rheumatological disease : a West Midlands Research Consortium study. Clin Exp Immunol. 2021 ; 207 : 3-10.
11) Louapre C, Ibrahim M, Maillart E, et al. Anti-CD20 therapies decrease humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022 ; 93 : 24-31.
12) Tallantyre EC, Vickaryous N, Anderson V, et al. COVID-19 vaccine response in people with multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2022 ; 91 : 89-100.
13) Mrak D, Tobudic S, Koblischke M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in rituximab-treated patients : B cells promote humoral immune responses in the presence of T-cell-mediated immunity. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 ; 80 : 1345-50.
14) Kornek B, Leutmezer F, Rommer PS, et al. B cell depletion and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in neuroimmunologic patients. Ann Neurol. 2022 : Online ahead of print.
15) Konig M, Torgauten HM, Tran TT, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose in patients with multiple sclerosis and weak immune response after COVID-19 vaccination. JAMA Neurol. 2022 ; 79 : 307-9.
16) Doneddu PE, Spina E, Briani C, et al. Acute and chronic inflammatory neuropathies and COVID-19 vaccines : Practical recommendations from the task force of the Italian Peripheral Nervous System Association (ASNP). J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2021 ; 26 : 148-54.
17) Abu-Rumeileh S, Abdelhak A, Foschi M, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome spectrum associated with COVID-19 : an up-to-date systematic review of 73 cases. J Neurol. 2021 ; 268 : 1133-70.
18) Van Looy E, Veenker L, Steyaert A, et al. COVID-19-induced exacerbation of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. J Neurol. 2021 ; 268 : 3129-31.
19) Suri V, Pandey S, Singh J, et al. Acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy after COVID-19 infection and subsequent ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 ; 14 : e245816.
20) Wack S, Patton T, Ferris LK. COVID-19 vaccine safety and efficacy in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease : Review of available evidence. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 ; 85 : 1274-84.
21) Shinjo SK, de Souza FHC, Borges IBP, et al. Systemic autoimmune myopathies : A prospective phase 4 controlled trial of an inactivated virus vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 : keab773.
22) International MG/COVID-19 Working Group. Guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Neurol Sci. 2020 ; 412 : 116803.
23) Tagliaferri AR, Narvaneni S, Azzam MH, et al. A case of COVID-19 vaccine causing a myasthenia Gravis crisis. Cureus. 2021 ; 13 : e15581.
24) Ruan Z, Tang Y, Li C, et al. COVID-19 Vaccination in patients with myasthenia gravis : A single-center case series. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 ; 9 : 1112.
25) Plymate LC, Pepper G, Krist MP, et al. Immunogenicity of repeat COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations in a patient with myasthenia gravis receiving mycophenolate, prednisone, and eculizumab. J Transl Autoimmun. 2021 ; 4 : 100114.
P.415 掲載の参考文献
1) World Muscle Society. COVID-19 and people with neuromuscular disorders : World Muscle Society advice -Vaccines. World Muscle Society ; 2021/12/3. https://www.worldmusclesociety.org/news/view/covid-19-and-people-withneuromuscular-disorders-world-muscle-society-advice-vaccines
2) Zuckerman JN. The importance of injecting vaccines into muscle. Br Med J. 2000 ; 321 : 1237-8.
3) Gyldenlove M, Skov L, Hansen CB, et al. Recurrent injection-site reactions after incorrect subcutaneous administration of a COVID-19 vaccine. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021 May 12. doi : 10.1111/jdv.17341
4) 日本神経学会. COVID-19ワクチンに関する日本神経学会の見解 第4版. 2021/8/26. https://www.neurology-jp.org/covid/pdf/20210827_01.pdf
5) Doneddu PE, Spina E, Briani C, et al. Acute and chronic inflammatory neuropathies and COVID-19 vaccines : Practical recommendations from the task force of the Italian Peripheral Nervous System Association (ASNP). J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2021 ; 26 : 148-54.
6) 日本小児科学会予防接種・感染症対策委員会. 小児に対するワクチンの筋肉内接種法について (改訂版). 日本小児科学会 ; 2019/7/28 (2019年8月一部修正). https://www.jpeds.or.jp/uploads/files/201908_kinnnikunaisesshu.pdf
7) The American Academy of Neurology Board of Directors. Position statement : COVID-19 vaccination. American Academy of Neurology. 2021/1/27. https://www.aan.com/policy-and-guidelines/policy/position-statements/aanposition-statement-on-covid-19-vaccination/
8) Demonbreun AR, Velez MP, Saber R, et al. mRNA intramuscular vaccination produces a robust IgG antibody response in advanced neuromuscular disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2022 ; 32 : 33-5.
9) Saito T, Ohfuji S, Matsumura T, et al. Safety of a pandemic influenza vaccine and the immune response in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Intern Med. 2015 ; 54 : 1199-205.

最近チェックした商品履歴

Loading...