B型肝炎の診療を極める

出版社: 文光堂
著者:
発行日: 2013-11-10
分野: 臨床医学:内科  >  肝/胆/膵
ISBN: 9784830618901
電子書籍版: 2013-10-07 (第1版第2刷)
書籍・雑誌
≪全国送料無料でお届け≫
品切れ

9,350 円(税込)

電子書籍
章別単位での購入はできません
ブラウザ、アプリ閲覧

9,350 円(税込)

商品紹介

50年前のB型肝炎ウイルス発見以来,B型肝炎の検査法や治療法は着実に進歩してきたが,B型肝炎の診療を適切に行うにはその複雑な病態をまず理解する必要がある.本書は,国内のトップクラスの研究者や臨床家の執筆により,B型肝炎診療を基礎と臨床の両面から深く掘り下げ,一歩踏み込んだ内容としている.B型肝炎診療に携わる臨床医には必携の一冊.

目次

  • B型肝炎の診療を極める

    ―目次―

    ?.基本編 〜B型肝炎を診る前の基礎知識〜
     1.HBV遺伝子と関連抗原
     2.HBVの複製とcccDNA
     3.HBV genotype
     4.B型肝炎の感染経路と対策
     5.HBV感染症のインパクト
      Lecture B型肝炎ウイルス発見の歴史

    II.診断編
     1.ウイルスマーカーとその意義
     2.HBV感染症の病態と診断
     3.B型肝炎の病理

    III.治療編
     1.治療の基本方針
     2.抗ウイルス薬による治療
     3.肝移植の適応− HBV関連慢性肝不全の適応と成績
     4.再活性化
     5.肝発癌リスクの評価
     6.日常生活と食事

    IV.B型肝炎を理解するための基礎研究
     1.免疫応答と持続感染
     2.HBV感染と肝発癌
     3.HBVのゲノミクス
     4.HBVの感染実験系

    付録
     1.B型肝炎診療で用いられる治療薬一覧
     2.HBV汚染事故対策(曝露源がHBs抗原陽性の場合)
     3.母児間感染防御対策
       (受動・能動免疫によるHBV母子感染予防のプログラム)

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

I. 基本編~B型肝炎を診る前の基礎知識~

P.9 掲載の参考文献
1) Blumberg BS, Alter HJ, Visnich S. : A "new" antigen in leukemia sera. JAMA 191 ; 541-546, 1965
2) Seeger C, Zoulim F, Mason WS : Hepadnaviruses. "Fields Virology" Knipe DM and・Howley PM ed. 5 th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Philadelphia, p 2977-3029, 2007
3) Summers J, Mason W S. : Replication of the genome of a hepatitis B-like virus by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Cell 29 ; 403-415, 1982
4) Yan H, Zhong G, Xu G, et al. : Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus. elife 1 : e00049, 2012
5) Kimura T, Ohno N, Terada, N, et al : ?Hepatitia B virus DNA-negative Dane Particies lack core protein but contain a 22-kDa precore protein without C-terminal arginine-rich domain. J, Biol, Chem 280 ; 21713-21719, 2005
6) Quasdorfl M, Protzer U. : Control of hepatitis B virus at the level of transcription. J Viral Hepat 17 ; 527-536, 2010
7) Yu Y, Pandeya DR, Liu ML, et al. : Expression and purification of a functional human hepatitis B virus polymerase. World J Gastroenterol 16 ; 5752-5758, 2010
8) Wei Y, Neuveut C, Tiollais P, et al. : Molecular biology of the hepatitis B virus and role of the X gene. Pathol Biol (Paris) 58 ; 267- 272, 2010
9) Soussan P, Tuveri R, Nalpas B, et al. : The expression of hepatitis B spliced protein (HBSP) encoded by a spliced hepatitis B virus RNA is associated with viral replication and liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 38 ; 343-348, 2003
10) Liu WH, Yeh SH, Chen PJ. : Role of microRNAs in hepatitis B virus replication and pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1809 ; 678-685, 2011
P.15 掲載の参考文献
1) Seeger C, Mason WS. : Hepatitis B virus biology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 64 ; 51-68, 2000
2) Yan H, Zhong G, Xu G, et al. : Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus. elife 1 ; e00049, 2012
3) Gripon P, Cannie I, Urban S. : Efficient inhibition of hepatitis B virus infection by acylated peptides derived from the large viral surface protein. J Virol 79 ; 1613-1622, 2005
4) Gripon P, Rumin S, Urban S, et al. : Infection of a human hepatoma cell line by hepatitis B virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 ; 15655-15660, 2002
5) Guo H, Jiang D, Zhou T, et al. : Characterization of the intracellular deproteinized relaxed circular DNA of hepatitis B virus : an intermediate of covalently closed circular DNA formation. J Virol 81 ; 12472-12484, 2007
6) Cai D, Mills C, Yu W, et al : Identification of disubstituted sulfonamide compounds as specific inhibitors of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA formation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56 ; 4277-4288, 2012
7) Guo H, Xu C, Zhou T, et al : Characterization of the host factors required for hepadnavirus covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA formation. PLoS One 7 ; e43270, 2012
P.20 掲載の参考文献
1) Miyakawa Y, Mizokami M. : Classifying hepatitis B virus genotypes. Intervirology 46 ; 329-338, 2003
2) Matsuura K, Tanaka Y, Hige S, et al. : Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with chronic infection in Japan shifting toward an increase of genotype A. J Clin Microbiol 47 ; 1476-1483, 2009
3) Livingston SE, Simonetti JP, McMahon BJ, et al. : Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Alaska Native people with hepatocellular carcinoma : preponderance of genotype F. J Infect Dis 195 ; 5-11, 2007
4) Sugiyama M, Tanaka Y, Kato T, et al. : Influence of hepatitis B virus genotypes on the intra-and extracellular expression of viral DNA and antigens. Hepatology 44 ; 915-924, 2006
5) Sugiyama M, Tanaka Y, Kurbanov F, et al. : Direct cytopathic effects of particular hepatitis B virus genotypes in severe combined immunodeficiency transgenic with urokinase-type plasminogen activator mouse with human hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 136 ; 652-62 e 3, 2009
6) Wong GL, Chan HL, Yiu KK, et al. : Meta-analysis : The association of hepatitis B virus genotypes and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alimentary pharmacology Ther 37 ; 517-526, 2013
7) Sugauchi F, Orito E, Ichida T, et al. : Epidemiologic and virologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus genotype B having the recombination with genotype C. Gastroenterology 124 ; 925-932, 2003
8) Ghosh S, Banerjee P, Deny P, et al. : New HBV subgenotype D 9, a novel D/C recombinant, identified in patients with chronic HBeAg-negative infection in Eastern India. J Viral Hepat 20 ; 209-218, 2013
9) Sharma S, Sharma B, Singla B, et al. : Clinical significance of genotypes and precore/basal core promoter mutations in HBV related chronic liver disease patients in North India. Dig Dis Sci 55 ; 794-802, 2010
10) Ozasa A, Tanaka Y, Orito E, et al. : Influence of genotypes and precore mutations on fulminant or chronic outcome of acute hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 44 : 326-634, 2006
11) Liu S, Zhang H, Gu C, et al. : Associations between hepatitis B virus mutations and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma : a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 101 ; 1066-1082, 2009
12) Buster EH, Hansen BE, Lau GK, et al. : Factors that predict response of patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B to peginterferon-alfa. Gastroenterology 137 ; 2002-2009, 2009
13) Suzuki F, Arase Y, Suzuki Y, et al. : Long-term efficacy of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Japan. J Gastroenterol 47 ; 814-822, 2012
14) Lampertico P, Vigano M, Cheroni C, et al. : IL28B polymorphisms predict interferon-related HBsAg seroclearance in genotype D HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 57 ; 890-896, 2013
15) Kurbanov F, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M. : Geographical and genetic diversity of the human hepatitis B virus. Hepatol Res 40 ; 14-30, 2010
P.25 掲載の参考文献
1) Komatsu H, Inui A, Sogo T, et al. : Tears from children with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are infectious vehicles of HBV transmission : experimental transmission of HBV by tears, using mice with chimeric human livers. J Infect Dis 206 ; 478-485, 2012
2) Komiya Y, Katayama K, Yugi H, et al. : Minimum infectious dose of hepatitis B virus in chimpanzees and difference in the dynamics of viremia between genotype A and genotype C. Transfusion 48 ; 286-294, 2008
3) 白木和夫 : わが国におけるB型肝炎母子感染防止の経緯とuniversal vaccinationの必要性について. 小児感染免疫 21 ; 149-157, 2009
4) Xu D, Yan Y, Choi B et al. : Risk factors and mechanism of transplacental transmission of hepatitis B virus : a case-control study. J Med Virol 67 ; 20-26, 2002
5) Jonas MM : Hepatitis B and pregnancy : an underestimated issue. Liver Int 29 (Suppl 1) : 133-139, 2009
6) Kashiwagi S, Hayashi J, Nomura H, et al. : Large-scale survey of hepatitis B virus infection in families. Microbiol Immunol 29 ; 951-958, 1985
7) Hayashi J, Kashiwagi S, Nomura H, et al. : Hepatitis B virus transmission in nursery schools. Am J Epidemiol 125 ; 492-498, 1987
8) Roll M, Norder H, Magnius LO, et al. : Nosocomial spread of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a haemodialysis unit confirmed by HBV DNA sequencing. J Hosp Infect 30 ; 57-63, 1995
9) Goday A, Gonzalez-Clemente JM, Ferrer J, et al. : Capillary blood glucose sampling and transmission of bloodborne infections. Diabetes Care 13 ; 1135, 1990
10) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated U. S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV. MMWR Recomm Rep 50 (RR-11) : 1-52, 2001
11) Lanini S, Puro V, Lauria FN, et al. : Patient to patient transmission of hepatitis B virus : a systematic review of reports on outbreaks between 1992 and 2007. BMC Med. 2009 Apr 8 ; 7 : 15. doi : 10.1186/1741-7015-7-15.
12) Henderson DK, Dembry L, Fishman NO, et al. : SHEA guideline for management of healthcare workers who are infected with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and/or human immunodeficiency virus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 31 ; 203-232, 2010
P.35 掲載の参考文献
1) World Health Organitation Fact Sheet. July 2013
2) Yang Baoping. International Expert Meeting on Hepatitis B Control in the West Pacific,Seoul, 24-25 Nov 2008
3) 平成23 年 (2011) 人口動態統計 (確定数) の概況. 厚生労働省, 統計情報・白書 厚生労働省HP : http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/jinkou/kakutei11/
4) 日本肝癌研究会 : 第5回~第18回全国原発性肝癌追跡調査報告, 日本肝癌研究会事務局, 1982-2009
5) Tanaka J, Koyama T, Mizui M, et al. : Total numbers of undiagnosed carriers of hepatitis C and B viruses in Japan estimated by age-and area-specific prevalence on the national scale. Intervirology 54 ; 185-195, 2011
6) 小山富子他 : 岩手県におけるB型肝炎ウイルス・C型肝炎ウイルスの感染状況について. 平成24年度 厚生労働科学研究費補助金肝炎等克服緊急対策研究事業「肝炎ウイルス感染状況・長期経過と予後調査及び治療導入対策に関する研究」班 報告書 2013
7) 大規模集団のキャリア率をもとにしたキャリア数推計の試み 平成21, 22年度 肝炎等克服緊急対策研究事業「肝炎ウイルス感染状況・長期経過と予後調査及び治療導入対策に関する研究」班 報告書, 2010, 2011
8) 妊婦集団における肝炎ウイルス感染 (HBV/HCV) 状況調査/職域集団における肝炎ウイルス感染状況に関する研究, 平成23年度 厚生労働科学研究費補助金 肝炎等克服緊急対策研究事業「肝炎ウイルス感染状況・長期経過と予後調査及び治療導入対策に関する研究」班 報告書 2012
9) Koyama T, Mito H, Takahashi K et al. : Perinatal hepatitis B virus infection in Japan, Congenital and Other Related Infectious Diseases of the Newborn, Elsevier B. V. p 141-151, 2006
10) Tanaka J, Kumada H, Ikeda K et al. : Natural histories of hepatitis C virus infection in men and women simulated by the Markov model. J Med Virol, 70 ; 378-386, 2003
11) 肝炎ウイルス持続感染者の病態推移に関する数理疫学的研究, 平成24年度 厚生労働科学研究費補助金 肝炎等克服緊急対策研究事業「肝炎ウイルス感染状況・長期経過と予後調査及び治療導入対策に関する研究」班 報告書 2013
P.39 掲載の参考文献
1) Blumberg BS : Hepatitis B-The hunt for a killer virus-. Princeton University Press, 2002
2) Blumberg BS, Alter HJ, Visnich S. : A "new" antigen in leukemia sera. JAMA 191 ; 541-546, 1965
3) Prince AM : An antigen detected in the blood during the incubation period of serum hepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 60 ; 814-821, 1968
4) 織田敏次, 鈴木宏, 堺隆弘, 他 : 大河内一雄先生追悼座談会. ウイルス肝炎財団, 2009
5) Okochi K, Murakami S. : Observations on Australia antigen in Japanese. Vox Sang 15 ; 374-385, 1968
6) Dane DS, Cameron CH, Briggs M. : Virus-like particles in serum of patients with Australia antigen-associated hepatitis. Lancet 1 ; 695-698, 1970
7) Kaplan PM, Greeman RL, Gerin JL, et al. : DNA polymerase associated with human hepatitis B antigen. J Virol 12 ; 995-1005, 1973
8) Robinson WS, Greeman RL : DNA polymerase in the core of the human hepatitis B virus candidate. J Virol 13 ; 1231-1236, 1974
9) Summers J, Mason WS. : Replication of the genome of a hepatitis B-like virus by reverse transcliptation of an RNA intermediate. Cell 29 ; 403-415, 1982
10) Robinson WS, Clayton DA, Greeman RL. : DNA of a human hepatitis B virus candidate. J Virol 14 ; 384-391, 1974
11) Takahashi T, Nakagawa S, Hashimoto T, et al. : Large-scale isolation of Dane particles from plasma containing a hepatitis B antigen and demonstration of circular double-strand DNA molecule extruding directly from their corest. J Immunol 117 ; 1392-1397, 1976
12) Tiollais P, Poucel C, Dejean A : The hepatitis B virus. Nature 317 ; 489-495, 1985
13) Summers J, Smith PM, Horwich AL. : Hepadnavirus envelope proteins regulate covalently closed circular DNA amplification. J Virol 64 ; 2819-2824, 1990
14) Magnius LO, Espmark JA. : New specificities in Australia antigen positive sera distinct the LeBowvier determinants. J Immunol 109 ; 1017-1021, 1972

II. 診断編

P.46 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本消化器病学会肝機能研究班 : 肝疾患における肝炎ウイルスマーカーの選択基準 (4版). 日消誌 103 ; 1403-1412, 2006
2) 中尾瑠美子, 八橋弘, 明時正志, 他 : B型急性肝炎とHBVキャリア急性増悪のCLIA法IgM-HBc抗体価による判別. 肝臓 47 ; 279-282, 2006
3) Iloeje UH, Yang HI, Su J, et al. : Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load. Gastroenterology 130 ; 678-686, 2006
4) Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, et al. : Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA 295 ; 65-73, 2006
5) Moucari R, Lada O, Marcellin P : Chronic hepatitis B : back to the future with HBsAg. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 7 ; 633-636, 2009
6) Wong DK, Tanaka Y, Lai CL, et al. : Hepatitis B virus core-related antigens as markers for monitoring chronic hepatitis B infection. J Clin Microbiol 45 ; 3942-3947, 2007
7) Suzuki F, Miyakoshi H, Kobayashi M, et al. : Correlation between serum hepatitis B virus core-related antigen and intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Med Virol 81 ; 27-33, 2009
8) Kimura T, Rokuhara A, Matsumoto A, et al. : New enzyme immunoassay for detection of hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) and relation between levels of HBcAg and HBV DNA. J Clin Microbiol 41 ; 1901-1906, 2003
9) Tanaka E, Matsumoto A, Yoshizawa K, et al. : Hepatitis B core-related antigen assay is useful for monitoring the antiviral effects of nucleoside analogue therapy. Intervirology 51 Suppl 1 ; 3-6, 2008
10) Matsumoto A, Tanaka E, Suzuki Y, et al. : Combination of hepatitis B viral antigens and DNA for prediction of relapse after discontinuation of nucleos (t) ide analogs in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Res 42 ; 139-149, 2012
P.52 掲載の参考文献
1) Yotsuyanagi H, Yasuda K, Iino S, et al. : Persistent viremia after recovery from self-limited acute hepatitis B. Hepatology 27 ; 1377-1382, 1998
2) 伊藤清顕, 溝上雅史 : Genotype AによるB型急性肝炎の拡大とその特徴. 医のあゆみ 242 : 389-394, 2012
3) 孝田雅彦, 能祖一裕編 : わが国における急性肝炎の現状-全国調査2008-2011- (山本和秀監修). 中外医学社, 2012
4) Koike K, Kikuchi Y, Takamatsu J, et al. : Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Japanese patients with HIV. Hepatol Res 38, 310-314, 2008
5) Sugawara K, Nakayama N, Mochida S, et al. : Acute liver failure in Japan : definition, classification, and prediction of the outcome. J Gastrroenterol 47 : 849-861, 2012
6) Gerlich WH, Luer W, Thomssen R, et al. : Diagnosis of acute and inapparent hepatitis B virus infections by measurement of IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. J Infect Dis 142 ; 95-101, 1980
7) 中尾瑠美子, 八橋弘, 明時正志, 他 : B型急性肝炎とHBVキャリア急性増悪のCLIA法IgM HBc抗体価による判別. 肝臓 47 ; 279-282, 2006
8) 村田一素 : B型肝炎ウイルス感染における宿主免疫応答の重要性-特にNKT細胞の関与について-. 肝臓 54 ; 7-18, 2013
9) Nishida N, Sawai H, Matsuura K, et al. : Genome-wide association study confirming association of HLA-DP with protection against chronic hepatitis B and viral clearance in Japanese and Korean. PLoS One 7 ; e39175, 2012
10) Marusawa H, Uemoto S, Hijikata M, et al. : Latent hepatitis B virus infection in healthy individuals with antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen Hepatology 31 ; 488-495, 2000
P.58 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本消化器病学会肝機能研究班 : 肝疾患における肝炎ウイルスマーカーの選択基準 (4版). 日消誌 103 ; 1403-1412, 2006
2) Hoofnagle JH, Doo E, Liang TJ, et al. : Management of hepatitis B : summary of a clinical research workshop. Hepatology 45 ; 1056-1075, 2007
3) Hui CK, Leung N, Yuen ST, et al. : Natural history and disease progression in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients in immune-tolerant phase. Hepatology 46 ; 395-401, 2007
4) Yokosuka O, Kurosaki M, Imazeki F, et al. : Management of hepatitis B : Consensus of the Japan Society of Hepatology 2009. Hepatol Res 41 ; 1-21, 2011
5) McMahon BJ, Holck P, Bulkow L, et al. : Serologic and clinical outcomes of 1536 Alaska Natives chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. Ann Intern Med 135 ; 759-768, 2001
6) Yuen MF, Yuan HJ, Hui CK, et al. : A large population study of spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion and acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B infection : implications for antiviral therapy. Gut 52 ; 416-419, 2003
7) Hsu YS, Chien RN, Yeh CT, et al. : Long-term outcome after spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 35 ; 1522-1527, 2002
8) Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, et al. : Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA 295 ; 65-73, 2006
9) 慢性肝炎・肝硬変の診療ガイド 2013, 日本肝臓学会, 文光堂, 2013
P.62 掲載の参考文献
1) 中野雅行 : 慢性肝障害の鑑別のための肝組織像 これでわかる! 慢性肝炎の治療戦略. 羊土社, p 34-41, 2011
2) 横山顕, 他 : シアナミド服用とアルコール性肝障害との関連-肝組織像の経時的推移からの検討-. アルコールと医生物 14 ; 133-135, 1994
3) 中野雅行 : アルコール性肝障害の病理・病態生理 病理. 最新医学・別冊 新しい診断と治療のABC 62 ; 69-77, 2011
4) 中野雅行 : 自己免疫性肝炎における病理組織像の多様性. Bio Clin 25 ; 264-265, 2010
5) 神代正道 : 肝細胞癌の病理 : とくに形態発生と進展について. 日病会誌 88 ; 19-36, 1999
6) 市田文弘, 他 : 慢性肝炎の組織診断基準-新犬山分類 (犬山シンポジウム記録刊行会編), 中外医学社, p 183-188, 1996
7) Desmet VJ, Gerber M, Hoofnagle JH, et al. : Classification of chronic hepatitis : diagnosis, grading and stage. Hepatology 19 ; 1513-1520, 1994
8) Wanless IR, Nakashima E, Sherman M : Regression of human cirrhosis. Morphologic features and the genesis of incomplete septal cirrhosis. Arch Pathol Med 124 ; 1599-1607, 2000
9) Hiytiroglou P, Snover DC, Alves V, et al. : Beyond "cirrhosis" A proposal from the international liver Pathology Study Group. Am J Clin Pathol 137 ; 5-9, 2012
P.66 掲載の参考文献
1) Kimura T, Ohno N, Terada N, et al. : Hepatitis B virus DNA-negative dane particles lack core protein but contain a 22-kDa precore protein without C-terminal arginine-rich domain. J Biol Chem 280 ; 21713-21719, 2005
2) Chu CJ, Keeffe EB, Han SH, et al. : Prevalence of HBV precore/core promoter variants in the United States. Hepatology 38 ; 619-628, 2003
3) Wu S, Imazeki F, Kurbanov F, et al. : Evolution of hepatitis B genotype C viral quasi-species during hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion. J Hepatol 54 ; 19-25, 2011
4) Volz T, Lutgehetmann M, Wachtler P, et al. : Impaired intrahepatic hepatitis B virus productivity contributes to low viremia in most HBeAg-negative patients. Gastroenterology 133 ; 843-852, 2007
5) Chu CM, Liaw YF. : Predictive factors for reactivation of hepatitis B following hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 133 ; 1458-1465, 2007
6) Yang HC, Chen CL, Shen YC, et al. : Distinct evolution and predictive value of hepatitis B virus precore and basal core promoter mutations in interferon-induced hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion. Hepatology 57 ; 934-943, 2013
7) Lang T, Lo C, Skinner N, et al. : The hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) targets and suppresses activation of the toll-like receptor signaling pathway. J Hepatol 55 ; 762-769, 2011
8) Wu S, Kanda T, Imazeki F, et al. : Hepatitis B virus e antigen downregulates cytokine production in human hepatoma cell lines. Viral Immunol 23 ; 467-476, 2010

III. 治療編

P.74 掲載の参考文献
1) 八橋弘 : 国立病院機構共同研究 : 本邦におけるウイルス性急性肝炎の発生状況と治療法に関する研究. 平成21年度報告書
2) Orito E, Saito S, Sekine A, et al. : Geographic distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype in patients with chronic HBV infection in Japan. Hepatology 34 ; 590-594, 2001
3) Tamada Y, Yatsuhashi H, Masaki N, et al. : Hepatitis B virus strains of subgenotype A 2 with an identical sequence spreading rapidly from the capital region to all over Japan in patients with acute hepatits B. Gut 61 ; 765-773, 2012
4) Oketani M, Ido A, Nakayama N, et al. : Etiology and prognosis of fulminant hepatitis and late-onset hepatic failure in Japan : Summary of the annual nationwide survey between 2004 and 2009. Hepatol Res 43 ; 97-105, 2012
5) 持田智他 : 我が国における「急性肝不全」の概念, 診断基準の確立 : 厚生労働科学省研究費補助金 (難治性疾患克服研究事業) 「難治性の肝・胆道疾患に関する調査研究」班, ワーキンググループ-1, 研究報告. 肝臓 52 ; 393-398, 2011
6) Aritomi T, Yatsuhashi H, Fujino T, et al. : Association of mutations in the core promoter and precore region of hepatitis virus with fulminant and severe acute hepatitis in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13 ; 1125-1132, 1998
7) 八橋弘, 矢野公士, 長岡進矢, 他 : 急性肝炎への拡散アナログ投与の適応と中止基準. 肝胆膵 58 ; 601-608, 2009
8) 持田智, 中山伸朗 : 我が国における急性肝不全および遅発性肝不全 (LOHF) の実態 (2011年) -平成24年度全国調査-. 厚生労働科学省研究費補助金 (難治性疾患克服研究事業) 「難治性の肝・胆道疾患に関する調査研究」平成24年度報告書
9) Arata S, Tanaka K, Takayama K, et al. : Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy by on-line hemodiafiltration : a case series study. BMC Emerg Med 10 ; 10, 2010
P.81 掲載の参考文献
1) Kumada H, Ikeda K, Yoshida A, et al. : Short-term prednisolone for inducing seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen to antibody along with clinical improvement in patients with chronic active hepatitis type B. Jpn J Med 26 ; 217-222, 1987
2) 鈴木義之, 小林万利子, 熊田博光, 他 : B型慢性肝炎に対するステロイド離脱療法における細胞性免疫についての検討. 日臨免疫会誌 19 ; 416, 1996
3) Liaw YF, Leung NWY, Chang TT, et al. : Effects of extended lamivudine therapy in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 119 ; 172-180, 2000
4) Suzuki Y, Kumada H, Ikeda K, et al. : Histological changes in liver biopsies after one year of lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. J Hepatol 30 ; 743-748, 1999
5) Suzuki Y, Arase Y, Ikeda K, et al. : Histological improvements after a three-year lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B in whom YMDD mutants did not or did develop. Intervirology 46 ; 164-170, 2003
6) Chayama K, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi M, et al. : Emergence and takeover of YMDD motif mutant hepatitis B virus during long-term lamivudine therapy and re-takeover by wild type after cessation of therapy. Hepatology 27 ; 1711-1716, 1998
7) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Suzuki Y, et al. : Adefovir dipivoxil for treatment of breakthrough hepatitis caused by lamivudine-resistant mutants of hepatitis B virus. Intevirology 47 ; 362-369, 2004
8) Suzuki F, Toyoda J, Katano Y, et al. : Efficacy and safety of entecavir in lamivudine-refractory patients with chronic hepatitis B : randomized controlled trial in Japanese patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 23 : 1320-1326, 2008
9) Suzuki Y, Suzuki F, Kawamura Y, et al. : Efficacy of entecavir treatment for lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B over 3 years : histological improvement or entecavir resistance? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 24 ; 429-435, 2009
10) 鈴木文孝, 鈴木義之, 芥田憲夫, 他 : Lamivudine耐性ウイルスに対してEntecavirを投与したB型慢性肝炎例から検出された新たなEntecavir耐性ウイルス. 肝臓 46 ; 523, 2005
11) Ono A, Suzuki F, Kawamura Y, et al. : Long-term continuous entecavir therapy in nucleos (t) ide-naive chronic hepatitis B patients. J Hepatol 57 ; 508-514, 2012
12) Suzuki F, Arase Y, Suzuki Y, et al. : Long-term efficacy of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Japan. J Gastroenterol 47 ; 814-822, 2012
13) Kobayashi M, Suzuki F, Akuta N, et al. : Correlation of YMDD mutation and breakthrough hepatitis with hepatitis B virus DNA and serum ALT during lamivudine treatment. Hepatol Res 40 ; 125-134, 2010
14) Suzuki F, Akuta N, Suzuki Y, et al. : Efficacy of switching to entecavir monotherapy in Japanese lamivudine-pretreated patients. J Gastroenterology Hepatology 25 ; 892-898, 2010
P.87 掲載の参考文献
1) 青柳豊, 西口修平, 道堯浩二郎, 他 : 本邦の肝硬変の成因と現状 第44回日本肝臓学会総会主題ポスター「肝硬変の成因別実態」のまとめ, 肝硬変の成因別実態 2008 (恩地森一監修), 中外医学社, p 1-10, 2008
2) Wong VW, Chan SL, Mo F, et al. : Clinical scoring system to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B carriers. J Clin Oncol 28 ; 1660-1665, 2010
3) Peng CY, Chien RN, Liaw YF. : Hepatitis B virus-related decompensated liver cirrhosis : benefits of antiviral therapy. J Hepatol 57 ; 442-450, 2012
4) Wong GL, Chan HL, Mak CH, et al. : Entecavir treatment reduces hepatic events and deaths in chronic hepatitis B patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatology 2013 in press.
5) Zoutendijk R, Reijnders JG, Zoulim F, et al. : Virological response to entecavir is associated with a better clinical outcome in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis. Gut 62 ; 760-765, 2013
6) Shim JH, Lee HC, Kim KM, et al. : Efficacy of entecavir in treatment-naive patients with hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 52 ; 176-182, 2010
7) Marcellin P, Gane E, Buti M, et al. : Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B : a 5-year open-label follow-up study. Lancet 381 ; 468-475, 2013
8) Matsumoto A, Tanaka E, Rokuhara A, et al. : Efficacy of lamivudine for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B : A multicenter retrospective study of 2795 patients. Hepatol Res 32 ; 173-184, 2005
9) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al. : Long-term entecavir treatment reduces hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 2013 in press.
10) Wu CY, Chen YJ, Ho HJ, et al. : Association between nucleoside analogues and risk of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver resection. JAMA 308 ; 1906-1914, 2012
11) Chuma M, Hige S, Kamiyama T, et al. : The influence of hepatitis B DNA level and antiviral therapy on recurrence after initial curative treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol 44 ; 991-999, 2009
12) Zhang QQ, An X, Liu YH, et al. : Long-term nucleos (t) ide analogues therapy for adults with chronic hepatitis B reduces the ris k of long-term compli cations : a meta-analysis. Virol J 8 : 72, 2011
P.94 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本肝臓学会編 : 慢性肝炎・肝硬変の診療ガイド 2013, 文光堂, 2013
2) Sumi H, Yokosuka O, Seki N, et al. : Influence of hepatitis B virus genotypes on the progression of chronic type B liver disease. Hepatology 37 ; 19-26, 2003
3) Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, et al. : Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA 295 ; 65-73, 2006
4) Bekku D, Arai M, Imazeki F, et al. : Long-term follow-up of patients with hepatitis B e antigen negative chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 26 ; 122-128, 2011
5) Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Yang HC, et al. : High levels of hepatitis B surface antigen increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with low HBV load. Gastroenterology 142 ; 1140-1149, 2012
6) Brunetto MR, Oliveri F, Colombatto P, et al. : Hepatitis B surface antigen serum levels help to distinguish active from inactive hepatitis B virus genotype D carriers. Gastroenterology 139 ; 483-490, 2010
7) Arai M, Togo S, Kanda T, et al. : Quantification of hepatitis B surface antigen can help predict spontaneous hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 24 : 414-418, 2012
8) Yang YF, Zhao W, Xia HM, et al. : Long-term efficacy of interferon alpha therapy on hepatitis B viral replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B : a meta-analysis. Antiviral Res 85 ; 361-365, 2010
9) Yuen MF, Wong DK, Fung J, et al. : HBsAg Seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B in Asian patients : replicative level and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 135 ; 1192-1199, 2008
P.96 掲載の参考文献
1) Blumberg BS, Alter HJ, Visnich S. : A "New" Antigen in Leukemia Sera. JAMA 191 ; 541-546, 1965
2) Matsumoto A, Tanaka E, Morita S, et al. : Changes in the serum level of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen over the natural course of HBV infection. J Gastroenterol 47 ; 1006-1013, 2012
3) Yuen MF, Wong DK, Fung J, et al. : HBsAg Seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B in Asian patients : replicative level and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 135 ; 1192-1199, 2008
P.102 掲載の参考文献
1) Wong DK, Cheung AM, O'Rourke K, et al. : Effect of alpha-interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 119 ; 312-323, 1993
2) Suzuki F, Arase Y, Akuta N, et al. : Efficacy of 6-month interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus infect ion in Japan. J Gastroent erol 39 ; 969-974, 2004
3) Lok AS, McMahon BJ : Chronic hepatitis B : update 2009. Hepatology 50 ; 661-662, 2009
4) Lin SM, Sheen IS, Chien RN, et al. : Long-term beneficial effect of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 29 ; 971-975, 1999
5) Cooksley WG, Piratvisuth T, Lee SD, et al. : Peginterferon alpha- 2 a (40 kDa) : an advance in the treat ment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 10 ; 298-305, 2003
6) Lau GK, Piratvisuth T, Luo KX, et al. : Peginterferon Alfa- 2a, lamivudine, and the combination for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 352 ; 2682-2695, 2005
7) Marcellin P, Lau GK, Bonino F, et al. : Peginterferon alfa-2a alone, lamivudine alone, and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 351 ; 1206-1217, 2004
8) Janssen HL, Kerhof-Los CJ, Heijtink RA, et al. : Measurement of HBsAg to monitor hepatitis B viral replication in patients on alpha-interferon therapy. Anti viral Res 23 ; 251-257, 1994
9) Manesis EK, Hadziyannis ES, Angelopoulou OP, et al. : Prediction of treatment-related HBsAg loss in HBeAG-negative chronic hepatitis B : a clue from serum HBsAg levels. Antivir Ther 12 ; 73-82, 2007
10) Sonneveld MJ, Rijckborst V, Boucher CA, et al. : Prediction of sustained response to peginterferon alfa-2b for hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B using on-treatment hepatitis B surface antigen decline. Hepatology 52 ; 1251-1257, 2010
11) Moucari R, Mackiewicz V, Lada O, et al. : Early serum HBsAg drop : a strong predictor of sustained virolo gical respon se to pegylat ed int erferon alfa-2a in HBeAg-negative patients. Hepatology 49 ; 1151-1157, 2009
12) Chan HL, Wong VW, Chim AM, et al. : Serum HBsAg quantification to predict response to peginterferon therapy of e antigen positive chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 32 ; 1323-1331, 2010
13) Liaw YF. Clinical utility of hepatitis B surface antigen quantitation in patients with chronic hepatitis B : a review. Hepatology 54 ; E1-9, 2011
14) Piratvisuth T, Marcellin P. : Further analysis is reuired to identify an early stopping rule for peginterferon therapy that is valid for all hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients. Hepatology 53 ; 1054-1055, 2011
15) Reijnders JG, Rijckborst V, Sonneveld MJ, et al. : Kinetics of hepatitis B surface antigen differ between treatment with peginterferon and entecavir. J Hepatol 54 ; 449-454, 2011
P.109 掲載の参考文献
1) Liaw YF, Sung JJ, Chow WC, et al. : Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med 351 ; 1521-1531, 2004
2) Matsumoto A, Tanaka E, Rokuhara A, et al. : Efficacy of lamivudine for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B : A multicenter retrospective study of 2795 patients. Hepatol Res 32 ; 173-184, 2005
3) Suzuki F, Kumada H. : Interferon and lamivudine monotherapy on chronic hepatitis B in Japan. Hepatol Res 37 ; S 42-46, 2007
4) Hashimoto Y, Suzuki F, Hirakawa M, et al. : Clinical and virological effects of long-term (over 5 years) lamivudine therapy. J Med Virol 82 ; 684-691, 2010
5) Yatsuji H, Suzuki F, Sezaki H, et al. : Low risk of adefovir resistance in lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B patients treated with adefovir plus lamivudine combination therapy : two-year follow-up. J Hepatol 48 ; 923-931, 2008
6) Tanaka M, Suzuki F, Seko Y, et al. : Renal dysfunction and hypophosphatemia during long-term lamivudine plus Adefovir dipivoxil therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol 2013 in press
7) Yokosuka O, Takaguchi K, Fujioka S, et al. : Long-term use of entecavir in nucleoside-naive Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. J Hepatol 52 ; 791-799, 2010
8) Ono A, Suzuki F, Kawamura Y, et al. : Long-term continuous entecavir therapy in nucleos (t) ide-naive chronic hepatitis B patients. J Hepatol 57 ; 508-514, 2012
9) Suzuki F, Akuta N, Suzuki Y, et al. : Efficacy of switching to entecavir monotherapy in Japanese lamivudine-pretreated patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 25 ; 892-898, 2010
10) van Bommel F, de Man RA, Wedemeyer H, et al. : Long-term efficacy of tenofovir monotherapy for hepatitis B virus-monoinfected patients after failure of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues. Hepatology 51 ; 73-80, 2010
11) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al. : Clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen during long-term nucleot (s) ide analog treatment in chronic hepatitis B : results from a nine-year longitudinal study. J Gastroenterol 48 ; 930-941, 2013
P.115 掲載の参考文献
1) 榎本大, 田守昭博, 西口修平, 他 : 核酸アナログ/IFN sequential治療の有効性とその限界. 日消誌 108 ; 215-222, 2011
2) Mutimer D, Naoumov N, Honkoop P, et al. : Combination alpha-interferon and lamivudine therapy for alpha-interferon-resistant chronic hepatitis B infection : results of a pilot study. J Hepatol 28 ; 923-9, 1998
3) Marcellin P, Lau GK, Bonino F, et al. : Peginterferon alfa- 2 a alone, lamivudine alone, and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 351 ; 1206-17, 2004
4) Serfaty L, Thabut D, Zoulim F, et al. : Sequential treatment with lamivudine and interferon monotherapies in patients with chronic hepatitis B not responding to interferon alone : results of a pilot study. Hepatology 34 ; 573-577, 2001
5) Manesis EK, Papatheodoridis GV, Hadziyannis SJ : A partially overlapping treatment course with lamivudine and interferon in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 23 ; 99-106, 2006
6) Moucari R, Boyer N, Ripault MP, et al. : Sequential therapy with adefovir dipivoxil and pegylated Interferon Alfa- 2 a for HBeAg-negative patients. J Viral Hepat 18 ; 580-586, 2011
7) Minami M, Okanoue T : Management of HBV infection in Japan. Hepatol Res 37 (s1) ; S 79-82, 2007
8) Okuse C, Yotsuyanagi H, Yamada N, et al. : Effect of nucleoside analog-interferon sequential therapy on patients with acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Res 40 ; 461-469, 2010
9) Enomoto M, Tamori A, Kohmoto MT, et al. : Lamivudine and IFN-beta sequential therapy in HBe antigen-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus genotype C infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res 27 ; 201-207, 2007
10) 田中榮司, 松本晶博, 鈴木義之, 他 : 核酸アナログ薬中止に伴うリスク回避のための指針 2012, 厚生労働省「B型肝炎の核酸アナログ薬治療における治療中止基準の作成と治療中止を目指したインターフェロン治療の有用性に関する研究」の報告. 肝臓 53 ; 237-242, 2012
P.120 掲載の参考文献
1) 田中榮司, 松本晶博, 鈴木義之, 他 : 核酸アナログ薬中止に伴うリスク回避のための指針 2012, 厚生労働省「B型肝炎の核酸アナログ薬治療における治療中止基準の作成と治療中止を目指したインターフェロン治療の有用性に関する研究」の報告. 肝臓 53 ; 237-242, 2012
2) Matsumoto A, Tanaka E, Suzuki Y, et al. : Combination of hepatitis B viral antigens and DNA for prediction of relapse after discontinuation of nucleos (t) ide analogs in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Res 42 ; 139-149, 2012
3) Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, et al. : Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA 295 ; 65-73, 2006
4) Iloeje UH, Yang HI, Su J, et al. : Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load. Gastroenterology 130 ; 678-686, 2006
5) Kumada H, Okanoue T, Onji M, et al. : Guidelines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis due to hepatitis B virus infection for the fiscal year 2008 in Japan. Hepatol Res 40 ; 1-7, 2010
P.126 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本肝移植研究会 : 肝移植症例登録報告. 移植 46 ; 524-536, 2011
2) Kim WR, Terrault NA, Pedersen RA, et al. : Trends in waiting list registration for liver transplantation for viral hepatitis in the United States. Gastroenterology 137 ; 1680-1686, 2009
3) Angus PW and Patterson SJ : Liver transplantation for hepatitis B : what is the best hepatitis B immune globulin/antiviral regimen? Liver Transpl 14 ; S15-22, 2008
4) Gane EJ, Angus PW, Strasser S, et al. : Lamivudine plus low-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin to prevent recurrent hepatitis B following liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 132 ; 931-937, 2007
5) Schiff E, Lai CL, Hadziyannis S, et al. : Adefovir dipivoxil for wait-listed and post-liver transplantation patients with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B : final long-term results. Liver Transpl 13 ; 349-360, 2007
6) Ueda Y, Marusawa H, Kaido T, et al. : Efficacy and safety of prophylavis with entecavir and hepatitis B immunpglobulin in preventing hepatitis B recurrence after living-donor liver transplantation. Hepatol Res 43 ; 67-71, 2013
7) Child C and Turcotte J. : The liver and portal hypertension. In ; Child C. Ed. Surgery and portal hypertension. Philadelphia, PA : Saunders, p 50-58, 1964
8) Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, et al. : Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg 60 ; 646-649, 1973
9) Wiesner R, Edwards E, Freeman R, et al. : Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers. Gastroenterology 124 ; 91-96, 2003
10) Kamath PS, Wiesner RH, Malinchoc M, et al. : A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology 33 ; 464-470, 2001
11) Ichida T, Narita Y, Murakami R. : Model of end-1stage liver disease (MELD) score and cost-effective ness on living donor liver transplantation. J Gastroen terol 41 ; 1023-1024, 2006
P.133 掲載の参考文献
1) 持田智, 楠本茂, 井戸彰雄, 他 : 免疫抑制薬, 抗悪性腫瘍薬によるB型肝炎ウイルス再活性化の実態解明と対策法の確立」全体研究 (平成23年度). 厚生労働科学研究費補助金肝炎等克服緊急対策事業 (肝炎分野), 「免疫抑制薬, 抗悪性腫瘍薬によるB型肝炎再活性化の実態解明と対策法の確立」班, 平成23年度研究報告書, p 1-32, 2012
2) 楠本茂 : リツキシマブ+ステロイド併用悪性リンパ腫治療中のB型肝炎ウイルス再活性化への対策に関する多施設共同臨床研究 : HBV-DNAモニタリング (C-SHOT 0802), UMIN 00001299.
3) 池田公史 : 抗悪性腫瘍薬によるB型肝炎再活性化の調査とその対応に関する研究. がん研究開発費 (総括・分担) 研究報告書 (平成22年度) 21 分指4- (6), p1-5, 2011
4) Yeo W, Johnson PJ. : Diagnosis, prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy. Hepatology 43 ; 209-220, 2006
5) Galbraith RM, Eddleston AL, Williams R, et al. : Fulminant hepatic failure in leukaemia and choriocarcinoma related to withdrawal of cytotoxic drug therapy. Lancet 2 ; 528-530, 1975
6) Wands JR, Chura CM, Roll FJ, et al. : Serial studies of hepatitis-associated antigen and antibody in patients receiving antitumor chemotherapy for myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. Gastroenterology 68 ; 105-112, 1975
7) Lok AS, Liang RH, Chiu EK, et al. : Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy. Report of a prospective study. Gastroenterology 100 ; 182-188, 1991
8) Samuel D, Bismuth A, Mathieu D, et al. : Passive immunop rop hylaxis after liver transplantation in HBsAg-positive patients. Lancet 337 ; 813-815, 1991
9) Chen PM, Fan S, Liu CJ, et al. : Changing of hepatitis B virus markers in patients with bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 49 ; 708-713, 1990
10) Chen PM, Fan S, Liu JH, et al. : Reactivation of hepatitis B virus in two chronic GVHD patients after transplant. Int J Hematol 58 ; 183-188, 1993
11) Kempinska A, Kwak EJ, Angel JB. : Reactivation of hepatitis B infection following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a hepatitis B-immune patient : case report and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 41 ; 1277-1282, 2005
12) Dhedin N, Douvin C, Kuentz M, et al. : Reverse seroconversion of hepatitis B after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation : a retrospective study of 37 patients with pretransplant anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Transplantation 66 ; 616-619, 1998
13) Webster A, Brenner MK, Prentice HG, et al. : Fatal hepatitis B reactivation after autologous bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 4 ; 207-208, 1989
14) Endo T, Sawada K, Fujimoto K, et al. : Reactivation of hepatitis B virus after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with positive hepatitis B surface antibodies. Rinsho Ketsueki 41 ; 322-328, 2000
15) Knoll A, Boehm S, Hahn J, et al. : Reactivation of resolved hepatitis B virus infection after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Mar row Transplant 33 ; 925-929, 2004
16) Uemoto S, Sugiyama K, Marusawa H, et al. : Transmission of hepatitis B virus from hepatitis B core antibody-positive donors in living related liver transplants. Transplantation 65 ; 494-499, 1998
17) Marusawa H, Uemoto S, Hijikata M, et al. : Latent hepatitis B virus infection in healthy individuals with antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen. Hepatology 31 ; 488-495, 2000
18) Dickson RC, Everhart JE, Lake JR, et al. : Transmission of hepatitis B by transplantation of livers from donors positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Liver Transplantation Data base. Gastroenterology 113 ; 1668-1674, 1997
19) Dervite I, Hober D, Morel P. : Acute hepatitis B in a patient with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen who was receiving rituximab. N Engl J Med 344 ; 68-69, 2001
20) Umemura T, Kiyosawa K. : Fatal HBV reactivation in a subject with anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Intern Med 45 ; 747-748, 2006
21) Fujiwara K, Mochida S, Matsui A, et al. : Fulminant hepatitis and late onset hepatic failure in Japan. Hepatol Res 38 ; 646-657, 2008
22) Oketani M, Ido A, Nakayama N, et al. : Etiology and prognosis of fulminant hepatitis and late onset hepatic failure in Japan : Summary of the annual nation wide survey between 2004 and 2009. Hepatol Res 43 ; 97-105, 2013
23) Mochida S, Takikawa Y, Nakayama N, et al. : Diagnostic criteria of acute liver failure : A report by the Intractable Hepato-Biliary Diseases Study Group of Japan. Hepatol Res 41 ; 805-812, 2011
24) Sugawara K, Nakayama N, Mochida S. : Acute liver failure in Japan : definition, classification, and prediction of the outcome. J Gastroenterol 47 ; 849-861, 2012
25) 持田智, 中山伸朗 : 我が国における急性肝不全および遅発性肝不全 (LOHF) の実態 (2011年) : 平成24年度全国調査. 厚生労働省科学研究費補助金 (難治性疾患克服研究事業) 「難治性の肝・胆道疾患に関する調査研究班」平成24年度報告書, 2012 ; pp 108-124
26) 坪内博仁, 熊田博光, 清澤研道他 : 免疫抑制・化学療法により発症するB型肝炎対策 : 厚生労働省「難治性の肝・胆道疾患に関する調査研究」班劇症肝炎分科会および「肝硬変を含めたウイルス性肝疾患の治療標準化に関する研究」班合同報告. 肝臓 50 ; 38-42, 2009
27) Oketani M, Ido A, Uto H, et al. : Prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy. Hepatol Res 42 ; 627-636, 2012
28) Hui CK, Cheung WW, Zhang HY, et al. : Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Gastroenterology 131 ; 59-68, 2006
29) 日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドラン作成委員会編 : B型肝炎治療ガイドライン, http://www.jsh.or.jp/files/uploads/20130510_HVB_Ver1.1.pdf, 2013
P.141 掲載の参考文献
1) Oketani M, Ido A, Uto H, et al. : Prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy. Hepatol Res 42 ; 627-636, 2012
2) Kusumoto S, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, et al. : Reactivation of hepatitis B virus following systemic chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma. Int J Hematol 90 ; 13-23, 2009
3) Dervite I, Hober D, Morel P : Acute hepatitis B in a patient with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen who was receiving rituximab. N Engl J Med 344 ; 68-69, 2001
4) Hui CK, Cheung WW, Zhang HY, et al. : Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Gastroenterology 131 ; 59-68, 2006
5) Yeo W, Chan TC, Leung NW, et al. : Hepatitis B virus reactivation in lymphoma patients with prior resolved hepatitis B undergoing anticancer therapy with or without rituximab. J Clin Oncol 27 ; 605-611, 2009
6) Kusumoto S, Tanaka Y, Ueda R, et al. : Reactivation of hepatitis B virus following rituximab-plus-steroid combination chemotherapy. J Gastroenterol 46 ; 9-16, 2011
7) Umemura T, Kiyosawa K : Fatal HBV reactivation in a subject with anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Intern Med 45 ; 747-748, 2006
8) Yeo W, Chan PK, Ho WM, et al. : Lamivudine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B s-antigen seropositive cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 22 ; 927-934, 2004
9) Hsu C, Tsou H, Lin S, et al. : Incidence of hepatitis B (HBV) reactivation in non-Hodgkins lymphoma patients with resolved HBV infection and received rituximab-containing chemotherapy [abstract]. In : Proceedings of the 22 nd Conference of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver 16-19 February 2012, Taipei, Taiwan. Hepatol Int 6 ; 65, Abstract LB-05_9269, 2012
10) Kusumoto S, Tanaka Y, Suzuki R, et al. : Prospective nationwide observational study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA monitoring and preemptive antiviral therapy for HBV reactivation in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma following rituximab containing chemotherapy : results of interim analysis. In : Abstracts of the 54 th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting, December 8-11, 2012, Atlanta, Georgia. Blood 120 : abstract 2641, 2012
P.147 掲載の参考文献
1) 坪内博仁, 熊田博光, 清澤研道, 他 : 免疫抑制・化学療法により発症するB型肝炎対策 : 厚生労働省「難治性の肝・胆道疾患に関する調査研究」班劇症肝炎分科会および「肝硬変を含めたウイルス性肝疾患の治療標準化に関する研究」班合同報告. 肝臓 50 ; 38-42, 2009
2) Oketani M, Ido A, Uto H, et al. : Prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy. Hepatol Res 42 ; 627-636, 2012
3) Harigai M, Mochida S, Mimura T, et al. : The proposal for management of rheumatic disease patients with hepatitis B virus infection receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Mod Rheumatol 2012 Dec 16 [Epub ahead of press]
4) 持田智, 楠本茂, 井戸彰雄, 他 : 免疫抑制薬, 抗悪性腫瘍薬によるB型肝炎ウイルス再活性化の実態解明と対策法の確立」全体研究 (平成23年度). 厚生労働科学研究費補助金肝炎等克服緊急対策事業 (肝炎分野), 「免疫抑制薬, 抗悪性腫瘍薬によるB型肝炎再活性化の実態解明と対策法の確立」班, 平成23年度研究報告書, p 1-32, 2013
5) 小林浩子 : リウマチ性疾患治療に関連したB型肝炎ウイルス再活性化東北地区実態調査 厚生労働科学研究費補助金肝炎等克服緊急対策研究事業. 「免疫抑制薬, 抗悪性腫瘍薬によるB型肝炎ウイルス再活性化の実態解明と対策法の確立」平成23年度研究成果報告書 p.69, 2012
6) Flowers MA, Heathcote J, Wanless IR, et al. : Fulminant hepatitis as a consequence of reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection after discontinuation of low-dose methotrexate therapy. Ann Intern Med 112 ; 381-382, 1990
7) Calabrese LH, Zein NN, Vassilopoulos D. : Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation with immunosuppressive therapy in rheumatic diseases : assessment and pre ventive strategies. Ann Rheum Dis 65 ; 983-989, 2006
8) Oshima Y, Tsukamoto H, Tojo A. : Association of hepatitis B with antirheumatic drugs : a case-control study. Mod Rheumatol. 2012 Jul 18. [Epub ahead of print]
9) Ramos-Casals M. : Therapy : Are TNF blockers safe for patients with hepatitis B virus infection? Nat Rev Rheumatol 6 ; 618-20, 2010
10) Esteve M, Saro C, Gonzalez-Huix F, et al. : Chronic hepatitis B reactivation following infliximab therapy in Crohn's disease patients : need for primary prophylaxis. Gut 53 ; 1363-1365, 2004
11) Madonia S, Orlando A, Scimeca D, et al. : Occult hepatitis B and infliximab-induced HBV reactivation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 13 ; 508-509, 2007
12) Perez-Alvarez R, Diaz-Lagares C, Garcia-Hernandez F, et al. : Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -targeted therapy : analysis of 257 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 90 ; 359-71, 2011
13) Lee YH, Bae SC, Song GG. : Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in rheumatic patients with hepatitis core antigen (HBV occult carriers) undergoing anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. Clin Exp Rheumatol 31 ; 118-121, 2013
14) Abramson A, Menter A, Perrillo R. : Psoriasis, hepatitis B, and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitory agents : a review and recommendations for management. J Am Acad Dermatol 67 ; 1349-1361, 2012
15) Vassilopoulos D, Calabrese LH. : Management of rheumatic disease with comorbid HBV or HCV infection. Nat Rev Rheumatol 8 ; 348-357, 2012
16) Winthrop KL, Calabrese LH. : Let the fog be lifted : screening for hepatitis B virus before biological therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 70 ; 1701-1703, 2011
17) Singh JA, Furst DE, Bharat A, et al. : 2012 update of the 2008 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologic agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 64 : 625-639, 2012
18) Yazdany J, Calabrese L. : Preventing hepatitis B reactivation in immunosuppressed patients : is it time to revisit the guidelines? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 62 ; 585-589, 2010
19) Oketani M, Ido A, Nakayama N, et al. : Etiology and prognosis of fulminant hepatitis and late onset hepatic failure in Japan : Summary of the annual nationwide survey between 2004 and 2009. Hepatol Res 43 ; 97-105, 2013
20) 持田智, 中山伸朗 : 我が国における急性肝不全および遅発性肝不全 (LOHF) の実態 (2011年) : 平成24年度全国調査. 厚生労働省科学研究費補助金 (難治性疾患克服研究事業) 「難治性の肝・胆道疾患に関する調査研究班」平成24年度報告書, 2013 ; pp 108-124
21) 持田智, 楠本茂, 井戸彰雄, 他 : 「がん化学療法および免疫抑制療法中のB型肝炎ウイルス再活性化予防対策法の確立を目指したウイルス要因と宿主要因の包括的研究」班 平成24年度研究報告書, p 7-16, 2013
22) 日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドラン作成委員会編. B型肝炎治療ガイドライン, http://www.jsh.or.jp/files/uploads/20130510_HVB_Ver1.1.pdf, 2013
P.151 掲載の参考文献
1) Silverman MN, Sternberg EM. : Glucocorticoid regulation of inflammation and its functional correlates : form HPA axis to glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction. Ann NY Acad Sci 1261 ; 55-63, 2012
2) Moutsatsou P, Kassi E, Papavassiliou AG. : Glucocorticoid receptor singanling in bone cells. Trends Mol Med 18 ; 348-359, 2012
3) T-Kaspa R, Burk RD, Shaul Y, et al. : Hepatitis B viru DNA contains a glucocorticoid responsive element. Proc Nal Acad Sci USA 83 ; 1627-1631, 1986
P.158 掲載の参考文献
1) Yang HI, Lu SN, Liaw YF, et al. : Hepatitis B e antigen and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 347 ; 168-174, 2002
2) Iloeje UH, Yang HI, Su J, et al. : Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load. Gastroenterology 130 ; 678-686, 2006
3) Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, et al. : Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA 295 ; 65-73, 2006
4) Chen JD, Yang HI, Iloeje UH, et al. : Carriers of inactive hepatitis B virus are still at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related death. Gastroenterology 138 ; 1747-1754, 2010
5) Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Yang HC, et al. : High levels of hepatitis B surface antigen increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with low HBV load. Gastroenterology 142 ; 1140-1149 e1143 ; quiz e1113-1144, 2012
6) Lee MH, Yang HI, Liu J, et al. : Prediction models of long-term cirrhosis and HCC risk in chronic hepatitis B patients : Risk scores integrating host and virus profiles. Hepatology 2013
7) Yang HI, Yeh SH, Chen PJ, et al. : Associations between hepatitis B virus genotype and mutants and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 100 ; 1134-1143, 2008
8) Yuen MF, Tanaka Y, Fong DY, et al. : Independent risk factors and predictive score for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 50 ; 80-88, 2009
9) Wong VW, Chan SL, Mo F, et al. : Clinical scoring system to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B carriers. J Clin Oncol 28 ; 1660-1665, 2010
10) Yang HI, Yuen MF, Chan HL, et al. : Risk estimation for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B (REACH-B) : development and validation of a predictive score. Lancet Oncol 12 ; 568-574, 2011
P.164 掲載の参考文献
1) Iitsuka T, Murakami J, Nagata I, et al. : Epidemiological survey of Japanese children infected with hepatitis B and C viruses. Hepatol Res 40 ; 878-886, 2010
2) Suzuki Y, Kobayashi M, Ikeda K, et al. : Persistence of acute infection with hepatitis B virus genotype A and treatment in Japan. J Med Virol 76 ; 33-39, 2005
3) Muto Y, Sato S, Watanabe A, et al. : Effects of oral branched-chain amino acid granules on event-free survival in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clin Gastro enterol Hepatol 3 ; 705-713, 2005
4) Maecellin P, Gane E, Buti M, et al. : Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B : a 5-year open-label follow-up study. Lancet 381 ; 468-475, 2013
5) Shimazu T, Sasazuki S, Wakai K, et al. : Alcohol drinking and primary liver cancer : a pooled analysis of four Japanese cohort studies. Int J Cancer 130 ; 2645-2653, 2012
6) Hashimoto T, Yoneda M, Shimada T, et al. : Intraportal nicotine infusion in rats decreases hepatic blood flow through endothelin- 1 and both endothelin A and endothelin B receptors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 196 : 1-10, 2004
7) Modi AA, Feld JJ, Park Y, et al. : Increased caffeine consumption is associated with reduced hepatic fibrosis. Hepatology 51 ; 201-209, 2010
8) Freedman ND, Everhart JE, Lindsay KL, et al. : Coffee intake is associated with lower rates of liver disease progression in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 50 ; 1360-1369, 2009
9) Bravi F, Bosetti C, Tavani A, et al. : Coffee drinking and hepatocellular carcinoma : an update. Hepatology 50 ; 1317-1318, 2009
10) Inoue M, Kurahashi N, Iwasaki M, et al. : Effect of coffee and green tea consumption on the risk of liver cancer : cohort analysis by hepatitis virus infection status. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18 ; 1746-1753, 2009
P.166 掲載の参考文献
1) Snow-Lampart A, Chappell B, Curtis M, et al. : No resistance to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate detected after up to 144 weeks of therapy in patients monoinfected with chronic hepatitis B virus. Hepatology 53 ; 763-773, 2011
2) Lok AS, McMahon BJ : Chronic hepatitis B : update 2009. Hepatology 50 ; 661-662, 2009
3) Lok AS, McMahon BJ : Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 45 ; 507-539, 2007
4) European Association for the Study of the Liver : EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines : Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 57 ; 167-185, 2012
5) Liaw YF, Kao JH, P iratvisuth T, et al. : Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B : a 2012 update. Hepatol Int 6 ; 531-561, 2012

IV. B型肝炎を理解するための基礎研究

P.173 掲載の参考文献
1) Chisari FV : Cytotoxic T cells and viral hepatitis. J Clin Invest 99 : 1472-1477, 1997
2) Pagliaccetti NE, Chu EN, Bolen CR, et al. : Lambda and alpha interferons inhibit hepatitis B virus replication through a common molecular mechanism but with different in vivo activities. Virolo gy 401 ; 197-206, 2010
3) Fisicaro P, Valdatta C, Boni C, et al. : Early kinetics of innate and adaptive immune responses during hepatitis B virus infection. Gut 58 ; 974-982, 2009
4) Fisicaro P, Valdatta C, Massari M, et al. : Antiviral intrahepatic T-cell responses can be restored by blocking programmed death-1 pathway in chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 138 ; 682-693, 2010
5) Zhang Y, Cobleigh MA, Lian JQ, et al. : A proinflammatory role for interleukin-22 in the immune response to hepatitis B virus. Gastroenterolo gy 141 ; 1897-906, 2011
6) Durantel D, Zoulim F : Innate response to hepatitis B virus infection : observation challenging the concept of a stealth virus. Hepatology 50 ; 1692-1695, 2009
7) Zhang Z, Zhang S, Zou Z, et al. : Hypercytolytic activity of hepatic natural killer cells correlates with liver injury in chronic hepatitis B patients. Hepatology 53 ; 73-85, 2011
8) Micco L, Peppa D, Loggi E, et al. : Differential boosting of innate and adaptive antiviral responses during pegylated-interferon-alpha therapy of chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 58 ; 225-233, 2013
9) Peppa D, Gill US, Reynolds G, et al. : Up-regulation of a death receptor renders antiviral T cells susceptible to NK cell-mediated deletion. J Exp Med 210 ; 99-114, 2013
10) Ju Y, Hou N, Meng J, et al. : T cell immunoglobulin-and mucin-domain-containing molecule- 3 (Tim-3) mediates natural killer cell suppression in chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 52 ; 322-329, 2010
P.179 掲載の参考文献
1) Kim CM, Koike K, Saito I, et al. : HBx gene of hepatitis B virus induces liver cancer in transgenic mice. Nature 351 ; 317-320, 1991
2) Nakamoto Y, Kaneko S, Fan H, et al. : Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma development associated with chronic he patitis by anti-fas lig and antibody therapy. J Exp Med 196 ; 1105-1111, 2002
3) Chen JD, Yang HI, Iloeje UH, et al. : Carriers of inactive hepatitis B virus are still at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related death. Gastroenterology 138 ; 1747-1754, 2010
4) Wong VW, Chan SL, Mo F, et al. : Clinical s coring system to predict he patocellular carcinoma i n chronic he patitis B carriers. J Clin Oncol 28 ; 1660-1665, 2010
5) Zhang H, Zhai Y, Hu Z, et al. : Genome-wide association study identifies 1p36.22 as a new s usceptibility locus for he patocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. Nat Genet 42 ; 755-758, 2010
6) Kota J, Chi vukula RR, O'Donnell KA, et al. : Therapeutic microRNA delivery suppresses tumorigenesis in a murine liver cancer model. Cell 137 ; 1005-1017, 2009
7) Ji J, Shi J, Budhu A, et al. : MicroRNA expression,survival, and res ponse to interferon in liver cancer. N Engl J Med 361 ; 1437-1447, 2009
8) Zender L, Xue W, Zuber J, et al. : An o ncogenomics-based in vivo RNAi screen identifies tumor suppressors in liver cancer. Cell 135 ; 852-864, 2008
9) Collado M, Gil J, Efeyan A, et al. : Tumour biology : senescence in premalignant tumours. Nature 436 ; 642, 2005
10) Arzumanyan A, Reis HM, Feitelson MA. : Pathogenic mechanisms in HBV-and HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Cancer 13 ; 123-135, 2013
P.184 掲載の参考文献
1) Honda M, Yamashita T, Ueda T, et al. : Different signaling pathways in the livers of patients with chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 44 ; 1122-1138, 2006
2) Ueda T, Honda M, Horimoto K, et al. : Gene expression profiling of hepatitis B-and hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma using graphical Gaussian modeling. Genomics 101 ; 238-248, 2013
3) Sung WK, Zheng H, Li S, et al. : Genome-wide survey of recurrent HBV integration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Genet 44 ; 765-769, 2012
P.192 掲載の参考文献
1) Brown JJ, Parashar B, Moshage H, et al. : A long-term hepatitis B viremia model generated by transplanting nontumorigenic immortalized human hepatocytes in Rag- 2-deficient mice. Hepatology 31 ; 173-181, 2000
2) Mercer DF, Schiller DE, Elliott JF, et al. : Hepatitis C virus replication in mice with chimeric human livers. Nat Med 7 ; 927-933, 2001
3) Tateno C, Yoshizane Y, Saito N, et al. : Near completely humanized liver in mice shows human-type metabolic responses to drugs. Am J Pathol 165 ; 901-912, 2004
4) Chayama K, Hayes CN, Hiraga N, et al. : Animal model for study of human hepatitis viruses. J Gastro enterol Hepatol 26 ; 13-18, 2010
5) Tsuge M, Hiraga N, Takaishi H, et al. : Infection of human hepatocyte chimeric mouse with genetically engineered hepatitis B virus. Hepatology 42 ; 1046-1054, 2005
6) Yatsuji H, Hiraga N, Mori N, et al. : Successful treatment of an entecavir-resistant hepatitis B virus variant. J Med Virol 79 ; 1811-1817, 2007
7) Yatsuji H, Noguchi C, Hiraga N, et al. : Emergence of a novel lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus variant with a substitution outside the YMDD motif. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 ; 3867-3874, 2006
8) Tsuge M, Takahashi S, Hiraga N, et al. : Effects of hepatitis B virus infection on the interferon response in immunodeficient human hepatocyte chimeric mice. J Infect Dis 204 ; 224-228, 2011
9) Farci P, Diaz G, Chen Z, et al. : B cell gene signature with massive intrahepatic production of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen in hepatitis B virus-associated acute liver failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 ; 8766-8771, 2010
10) Honda M, Kaneko S, Kawai H, et al. : Differential gene expression between chronic hepatitis B and C hepatic lesion. Gastroenterology 120 ; 955-966, 2001
11) Otsuka M, Aizaki H, Kato N, et al. : Differential cellular gene expression induced by hepatitis B and C viruses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 300 ; 443-447, 2003
P.196 掲載の参考文献
1) World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guideline 2009. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) : a global perspective. http://www.worldgastroenterology.org/assets/downloads/en/pdf/guidelines/24 _hepatocellular_carcinoma_en.pdf
2) Huang LM, Lu CY, Chen DS. : Hepatitis B virus infection, its sequelae, and prevention by vaccination. Curr Opin Immunol 23 ; 237-243, 2011
3) Koyama T, Matsuda I, Sato S, et al. : Prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission by combined passive-active immunoprophylaxis in Iwate, Japan (1981-1992) and epidemiological evidence for its efficacy. Hepatol Res 26 : 287-292, 2003
4) McMahon BJ, Alward WL, Hall DB, et al. : Acute hepatitis B virus infection : relation of age to the clinical expression of disease and subsequent development of the carrier state. J Infect Dis 151 ; 599-603, 1985
5) Oketani M, Ido A, Uto H, et al. : Prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy. Hepatol Res 42 ; 627-636, 2012
6) 奥瀬千晃, 四柳宏, 山田典栄, 他. 当院および関連施設におけるB型肝炎ワクチン接種の有用性に関する検討. 肝臓 52 ; 87-93, 2011
7) 四柳宏, 田中靖人, 齋藤昭彦, 他 : B型肝炎universal vaccinationへ向けて. 肝臓 53 ; 117-130, 2012

最近チェックした商品履歴

Loading...