麻酔科学レビュー 2016

出版社: 総合医学社
著者:
発行日: 2016-01-21
分野: 臨床医学:外科  >  麻酔科学/ペイン
ISBN: 9784883786251
電子書籍版: 2016-01-21 (第1版第1刷)
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本書は原則として1年間(2014年9月〜2015年7月)に発表された、麻酔科学に関する主要な文献を各領域の第一線の専門医が執筆者として選択し、2016年版としてレビューしたものです。

目次

  • 麻酔科学レビュー 2016

    ―目次―

    1 麻酔と呼吸機能
    2 麻酔と心機能
    3 麻酔と冠循環
    4 麻酔と肝機能
    5 麻酔と腎機能
    6 麻酔と脳神経機能
    7 麻酔薬の臓器保護作用
    8 麻酔前投薬と術前評価
    9 麻酔と気道管理・確保
    10 吸入麻酔薬
    11 静脈麻酔薬(麻薬を除く)
    12 筋弛緩薬と拮抗薬
    13 局所麻酔薬
    14 心・血管作動薬
    15 麻酔に用いられる麻薬性鎮痛薬:
       レミフェンタニルの最近の話題
    16 麻酔深度とモニター活用法
    17 麻酔領域の経食道心エコー(TEE)による心機能評価
    18 超音波診断と末梢神経ブロック
    19 麻酔科領域での超音波の応用(神経ブロック、TEEを除く)
    20 輸血と輸液
    21 全静脈麻酔(TIVA)、鎮静(MAC)
    22 手術室危機管理・安全対策
    23 硬膜外麻酔と脊髄くも膜下麻酔
    24 小児麻酔
    25 高齢者麻酔
    26 緊急手術の麻酔
    27 産科麻酔
    28 内視鏡手術の麻酔
    29 日帰り手術の麻酔
    30 心臓・大血管手術の麻酔
    31 小児心臓手術の麻酔
    32 脳外科の麻酔
    33 移植手術の麻酔
    34 周術期静脈血栓塞栓症と抗血栓薬
    35 麻酔関連偶発症
    36 痛みの生理学
    37 術後の疼痛管理
    38 ペインクリニック
    39 緩和ケアとがん疼痛治療
    40 麻酔科医と救急医療
    41 心肺蘇生と脳保護(心停止後体温管理を中心に)
    42 全身麻酔患者の術後管理
    43 手術室の効率化と安全
    44 麻酔科領域の新器材、新技術、新知見
    45 新しい人工呼吸
    46 集中治療(1)呼吸・循環管理
    47 集中治療(2)体液,栄養,感染の管理
    48 集中治療(3)ICU における鎮痛と鎮静
    49 集中治療(4)ICU におけるモニター
    50 集中治療(5)小児集中治療

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

1. 麻酔と呼吸機能

P.1 掲載の参考文献
1) Ginosar Y, Nachmanson NC, Shapiro J et al:Inhaled carbon dioxide causes dosedependent paradoxical bradypnea in animals anesthetized with pentobarbital, but not with isoflurane or ketamine. Respi Physiol Neurobiol 217:1-7, 2015
2) Heard C, Harutunians, Houck J et al:Propofol anesthesia for children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging:a comparison with isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and a laryngeal mask airway. Anesth Analg 120:157-164, 2015
P.2 掲載の参考文献
3) Tamiya J, Ide R, Takahashi M et al:Effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiorespiratory regulation in spontaneously breathing newborn rats. Paediatr Anaesth 24:1245-1251, 2014
4) Hardemark Cedborg Al, Sudman E, Boden K et al:Effects of morphine and midazolam on pharyngeal function, airway protection, and coordination of breathing and swallowing in healthy adults. Anesthesiology 122:1253-1267, 2015
5) Luce V, Harkouk H, Brasher C et al:Supraglottic airway devices vs tracheal intubation in children:a quantitative metaanalysis of respiratory complications. Paediatr Anaesth 24:1088-1098, 2014
6) Liu Y, Chen L, Li S:Controlled ventilation orspontaneous respiration in anesthesia for tracheobronchial foreign body removal:a meta-analysis. Paediatr Anesth 24:1023-1030, 2014
P.3 掲載の参考文献
7) Amato MB, Meade MO, Slutsky AS et al:Driving pressure and survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 372:747-755, 2015
8) Ferrando C, Garcia M, Gutierrez A:Effects of different flow patterns and endinspiratory pause on oxygenation and ventilation in newborn piglets:an experimental study. BMC Anesthesiol 14:96-104, 2014
P.4 掲載の参考文献
10) Yidiz C, Palaniyar N, Otulakowski G et al:Mechanical ventilation induces neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Anesthesiology 122:864-875, 2015
11) Di Marco F, Bonacia D, Vassena E et al:The effects of anesthesia, muscle paralysis, and ventilation on the lung evaluated by lung diffusin for carbon monoxide and pulmonary surfactant protein B. Anesth Analg 120:373-380, 2015
12) Camilo LM, Avila MB, Cruz LF et al:Positive end-expiratory pressure and variable ventilation in lung-healthy rats under general anesthesia. PLoS One 9 (11):e110817, 2014(Nov 10)
P.5 掲載の参考文献
13) Fernandez-Bustamante A, Klawitter J, Repine JE et al:Early effect of tidal volume on lung injury biomarkers in surgical patients with healthy lungs. Anesthesiology 121:469-481, 2014
14) McLen DJ, Diaz-Gil D, Farhan HN et al:Dose-dependent association between intermediate-acting neuromuscular-blocking agents and postoperative respiratory complications. Anesthesiology 122:1201-1213, 2015
15) Goligher EC, Fan E, Herridge MS et al:Evolution of diaphragm thickness during mechanical ventilation:impact of inspiratory effort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 192:1080-1088, 2015
P.6 掲載の参考文献
16) Bellani G, Coppadoro A, Patroniti N et al:Clinical assessment of auto-positive endexpiratory pressure by diaphragmatic electrical activity during pressure support and neurally adjusted ventilator assist. Anesthesiology 121:563-571, 2014
17) Loring SH, BehazinN, Novero A et al:Respiratory mechanical effects of surgical pneumoperitoneum in humans. J Appl Physiol 117:1074-1079, 2014
18) Greenblatt EE, Butler JP, Venegas JG et al:Pendelluft in the bronchial tree. J Appl Physiol 117:979-988, 2014
P.7 掲載の参考文献
19) Lucy MJ, Gamble JJ, Daku BL et al:Positive-pressure ventilation during transport:a randomized crossover study of self-inflating and flow-inflating resuscitators in a simulation model. Paediatr Anesth 24:1281-1287, 2014
20) Defresne AA, Hans GA, Goffin PJ et al:Recruitment of lung volume during surgery neither affects the postoperative spirometry nor the risk of hypoxaemia after laparoscopic gastric bypass in morbidly obese patients:a randomized controlled study. Br J Anaesth 113:501-507, 2014
21) Topuz U, Salihoglu Z, Gokay BV et al:The effects of different oxygen concentrations on recruitment maneuver during general anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery. Surg Laparosc Edosc Percutan Tech 24:410-413, 2014
P.8 掲載の参考文献
22) Qutub H, El-Tahan MR, Mowafi HA et al:Effect of tidal volume on extravascular lung water content during one-lung ventilation for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery:a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol 31:466-473, 2014
23) Downs JB, Robinson LA, Steighner ML et al:Open lung ventilation optimizes pulmonary function during lung surgery. J Surg Res 192:242-249, 2014

2. 麻酔と心機能

P.9 掲載の参考文献
1) Yang L, Liu H, Sun H-Y et al:Intravenous anesthetic propofol inhibits multiple human cardiac potassium channels. Anesthesiology 122:571-584, 2015
2) Mikuni K, Torres CG, Bakshi T et al:Enhanced effects of isoflurane on the long QT syndrome 1-associated A341V mutant. Anesthesiology 122:806-820, 2015
3) Chen H, Xia Y, Zhu B et al:Measurement of the efficacy of 2% lipid in reversing bupivacaine-induced asystole in isolated rat hearts. BMC Anesthesiol 14:60-67, 2014
P.10 掲載の参考文献
4) Sevilla Berrios RA, O'Horo JC, Velagapudi V et al:Correlation of left ventricular systolic dysfunction determined by low ejection fraction and 30-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock:a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Crit Care 29:495-499, 2014
6) Feng Y, Zou L, Chen C et al:Role of cardiac- and myeloid-MyD88 signaling in endotoxin shock:a study with tissuespecific deletion models. Anesthesiology 121:1258-1269, 2014
7) Goncalves RPM, Guarido KL, Assreuy J et al:Gender-specific differences in the in situ cardiac function of endotoxemic rats detected by pressure-volume catheter. Shock 42:415-423, 2014
8) Kimmoun A, Louis H, Al Kattani N et al:β1-adrenergic inhibition improves cardiac and vascular function in experimental septic shock. Crit Care Med 43:e332-e340, 2015
9) Yu T, Li Q, Liu L et al:Different effects of propofol and dexmedetomidine on preload dependency in endotoxemic shock with norepinephrine infusion. J Surg Res 198:185-191, 2015
P.11 掲載の参考文献
10) Zhang M, Zou L, Feng Y et al:Toll-like receptor 4 is essential to preserving cardiac function and survival in low-grade polymicrobial sepsis. Anesthesiology 121:1270-1280, 2014.
11) Parapanov R, Lugrin J, Rosenblatt-Velin N et al:Toll-like receptor 5 deficiency exacerbates cardiac injury and inflammation induced by myocardial ischaemiareperfusion in the mouse. Clin Sci 129:187-198, 2015
12) Muehlschlegel JD, Sc MM, Christodoulou DC et al:Using next-generation RNA sequencing to examine ischemic changes induced by cold blood cardioplegia on the human left ventricular myocardium transcriptome. Anesthesiology 122:537-502, 2015
13) Chen Y, Du J, Zhao YT et al:Histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibition improves myocardial function and prevents cardiac remodeling in diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 14:99-111, 2015
14) Qiao S, Olson JM, Paterson M et al:MicroRNA-21 mediates isoflurane-induced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury via Akt/nitric oxide synthase/mitochondrial permeability transition pore pathway. Anesthesiology 123:786-798, 2015
15) Wang J, Schilling JM, Niesman IR et al:Cardioprotective trafficking of caveolin to mitochondria is Gi-protein dependent. Anesthesiology 121:538-548, 2014
P.12 掲載の参考文献
16) Raphael J, Gozal Y, Navot N et al:Activation of adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels during reperfusion restores isoflurane postconditioning-induced cardiac protection in acutely hyperglycemic rabbits. Anesthesiology 122:1299-1311, 2015
17) Duncan AE, Kashy BK, Sarwar S et al:Hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia does not meaningfully improve myocardial performance during cardiac surgery:A randomized trial. Anesthesiology 123:272-287, 2015
18) Redfors B, Oras J, Shao Y et al:Cardioprotective effects of isoflurane in a rat model of stress-induced cardiomyopathy(takotsubo). Int J Cardiol 176:815-821, 2014
19) Zhao Y-J, Liu F-Q, Xiu C-H et al:The effects of high thoracic epidural anesthesia on sympathetic activity and apoptosis in experimentally induced congestive heart failure. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 28:317-322, 2014
20) Ge T, Qin H, Wang X et al:Effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on cardiac function and myocardial cell apoptosis in isoproterenol-induced chronic heart failure rats. J Intervent Cardiol 27:446-455, 2014
21) Wink J, Veering BT, Aarts LPHJ et al:Effect of increasing age on the haemodynamic response to thoracic epidural anaesthesia:an observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 31:597-605, 2014
P.13 掲載の参考文献
22) Kato TS, Armstrong HF, Schulze PC et al:Left and right ventricular functional dynamics determined by echocardiograms before and after lung transplantation. Am J Cardiol 116:652-659, 2015
23) Zalunardo MP, Schlapfer M, Beck-Schimmer B et al:Impact of cytokine release on ventricular function after hepatic reperfusion:a prospective observational echocardiographic study with tissue Doppler imaging. BMC Anesthesiol 15:107-115, 2015
24) Yang HS, Kim T-Y, Bang S et al:Comparison of the impact of the anesthesia induction using thiopental and propofol on cardiac function for non-cardiac surgery. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 22:58-64, 2014
25) Gu H, Liu J, Wu C:Impact of dexmedetomidine versus propofol on cardiac function of children undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Int J Clin Exp Med 7:5882-5885, 2014
26) Lee SH, Choi YS, Hong GR, et al:Echocardiographic evaluation of the effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiac function during total intravenous anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 70:1052-1059, 2015

3. 麻酔と冠循環

P.14 掲載の参考文献
1) Kuroda M, Shinke T, Sakaguchi K et al:Effect of daily glucose fluctuation on coronary plaque vulnerability in patients pretreated with lipid lowering therapy:a prospective observational study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 8:800-801, 2015
2) Blaha J, Mraz M, Kopecky P et al:Perioperative tight glucose control reduces postoperative adverse events in non-diabetic cardiac surgery patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:3081-3089, 2015
P.15 掲載の参考文献
3) Kanbe N, Kawahito S, Mita N et al:Impact of newly developed, nest-generation artificial endocrine pancreas. J Med Invest 62:41-44, 2015
4) Kain V, Ingle KA, Colas RA et al:Resolvin D1 activates the inflammation resolving response at splenic and ventricular site following myocardial infarction leading to improved ventricular function. J Mol Cell Cardiol 84:24-35, 2015
5) Yagi S, Aihara K, Fukuda D et al:Effects of docosahexaenoic acid on the endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 22:447-454, 2015
6) Haar L, Ren X, Liu Y et al:Acute consumption of a high-fat diet prior to ischemia-reperfusion results in cardioprotection through NF-κB-dependent regulation of autophagic pathways. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 307:H1705-H1713, 2014
7) Rossini R, Musumeci G, Capodanno D et al:Perioperative management of oral antiplatelet therapy and clinical outcomes in coronary stent patients undergoing surgery. results of a multicenter registry. Thromb Haemost 113:272-282, 2015
8) Ikeda Y, Shimada K, Teramoto T et al:Low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in Japanese patients 60 years or older with atherosclerotic risk factors;a randomized trial. JAMA 312:2510-2520, 2014
P.16 掲載の参考文献
9) Friedell ML, Van Wav CW, Freyberg RW et al:β-blockade and operative mortality in noncardiac surgery:harmful or helpful? JAMA Surg 150:658-663, 2015
10) Carillion A, Feldman S, Jiang C et al:Overexpression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate effluent protein MRP4 induces an altered response to β-adrenergic stimulation in the senescent rat heart. Anesthesiology 122:334-342, 2015
11) Bailey M, Mcguinness S, Haase M et al:Sodium bicarbonate and renal function after cardiac surgery:a prospectively planned individual patient meta-analysis. Anesthesiology 122:294-306, 2015
12) Wang J, Schilling J, Niesman I et al:Cardioprotective trafficking of caveolin to mitochondria is Gi-protein dependent. Anesthesiology 121:538-548, 2014
P.17 掲載の参考文献
13) Tsutsumi YM, Tsutsumi R, Hamaguchi E et al:Exendin-4 ameliorates cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury via caveolae and caveorlin-3. Cardiovasc Diabetol 13:132-142, 2014
14) Olson J, Yan Y, Bai X et al:Up-regulation of microRNA-21 mediates isoflurane-induced protection of cardiomyocytes. Anesthesiology 122:795-805, 2015
15) Muehlschlegel J, Christodoulou D, Mckean D et al:Using next-generation RNA sequencing to examine ischemic changes induced by cold blood cardioplegia on the human left ventricular myocardium transcriptome. Anesthesiology 122:537-550, 2015
16) Raphael J, Gozal Y, Navot N et al:Activation of adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels during reperfusion restores isoflurane postconditioning-induced cardiac protection in acutely hyperglycemic rabbits. Anesthesiology 122:1299-1311, 2015
17) Constant AL, Montlahuc C, Grimaldi D et al:Predictors of functional outcome after intraoperative cardiac arrest. Anesthesiology 121:482-491, 2014
P.18 掲載の参考文献
18) Glance LG, Kellermann AL, Hannan EL et al:The impact of anesthesiologists on coronary artery bypass graft surgery outcomes. Anest Analg 120:526-533, 2015
19) Steg PG, Greenlaw N, Tendera M et al:Prevalence of anginal symptoms and myocardial ischemia and their effect on clinical outcomes in outpatients with stable coronary artery disease:data from the international observational CLARIFY Registry. JAMA Intern Med 174:1651-1659, 2014
20) Sonny A, Gornk H, Yang D et al:Lack of association between carotid artery stenosis and stroke or myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery in high-risk patients. Anesthesiology 121:922-929, 2014
21) Landoni G, Isella F, Greco M et al:Benefits and risks of epidural analgesia in cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 115:25-32, 2015
22) Nabagiez JP, Bowman KC, Shariff MA et al:Twenty-four hour staged carotid endarterectomy followed by off-pump coronary bypass grafting for patients with concomitant carotid and coronary disease. Ann Thorac Surg 98:1613-1618, 2014
P.19 掲載の参考文献
23) Landoni G, Guarracino F, Cariello C et al:Volatile compared with total intravenous anaesthesia in patients undergoing high-risk cardiac surgery:a randomized multicentre study. Br J Anaesth 113:955-963, 2014
24) Pischke S, Hyler S, Tronstad C et al:Myocardial tissue CO2 tension detects coronary blood flow reduction after coronary artery bypass in real-time. Br J Anaesth 114:414-422, 2015
25) Chu CC, Weng SF, Chen KT et al:Propensity score-matched comparison of postoperative adverse outcomes between geriatric patients given a general or neuraxial anesthetic for hip surgery. a population-based study. Anesthesiology 123:136-147, 2015
26) Foucrier A, Rodseth R, Aissaoul M et al:The long-term impact of early cardio-vascular therapy intensification for postoperative troponin elevation after major vascular surgery. Anesth Analg 119:1053-1063, 2014
27) Min JJ, Nam K, Kim TK et al:Relationship between early postoperative Creactive protein elevation and long-term postoperative major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery:a retrospective study. Br J Anaesth 113:391-401, 2014
28) Omiya H, Yoshitani K, Yamada N et al:Preoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging and postoperative delirium after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting:a prospective cohort study. Can J Anaesth 62:595-602, 2015
29) Tully PJ, Winefield HR, Baker RA et al:Depression, anxiety and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery:a five year longitudinal cohort study. Biopsychosoc Med 9:14, 2015

4. 麻酔と肝機能

P.20 掲載の参考文献
1) Tsai HC, Lin YC, Ko CL et al:Propofol versus midazolam for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in cirrhotic patients:A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE 10:e0117585, 2015
2) Bowdle A, Richebe P, Lee L et al:Hypertriglyceridemia, lipemia, and elevated liver enzymes associated with prolonged propofol anesthesia for craniotomy. Ther Drug Monit 36:556-559, 2014
P.21 掲載の参考文献
3) Vanlander AV, Okun JG, De Jaeger A et al:Possible pathogenic mechanism of propofol infusion syndrome involves coenzyme Q. Anesthesiology 122:343-352, 2015
4) Zhao G, Zhu Y, Yu D et al:The effect of ulinastatin on hyperglycemia in patients undergoing hepatectomy. J Surg Res 193:223-228, 2015
5) Ucar M, Ozgul U, Polat A et al:Comparison of antioxidant effects of isoflurane and propofol in patients undergoing donor hepatectomy. Transpl Proc 47:469-472, 2015
P.22 掲載の参考文献
6) Ramspoth T, Roehl AB, Macko S et al:Risk factors for coagulopathy after liver resection. J Clin Anesth 26:654-662, 2014
7) Elterman KG, Xiong Z:Coagulation profile changes and safety of epidural analgesia after hepatectomy:a retrospective study. J Anesth 29:367-372, 2014
8) Karna ST, Pande CK, Sharma S et al:Postoperative coagulopathy after live related donor hepatectomy:Incidence, predictors and implications for safety of thoracic epidural catheter. J Postgrad Med 61:176-180, 2015
P.23 掲載の参考文献
9) Pace M, Koury K, Gulur P:Epidurals in patients receiving thromboprophylaxis with unfractionated heparin three times a day:the value of activated partial thromboplastin time testing. Anesth Analg 119:1215-1218, 2014
10) Aydogan MS, Bicakciotlu M, Sayan H et al:Effects of two different techniques of postoperative analgesia management in liver transplant donors:A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Transpl Proc 47:1204-1206, 2015
11) Kambakamba P, Slankamenac K, Tschuor C et al:Epidural analgesia and perioperative kidney function after major liver resection. Br J Surg 102:805-812, 2015
P.24 掲載の参考文献
12) Xin Y, Hong Y, Yong LZ:Efficacy of postoperative continuous wound infiltration with local anesthesia after open hepatectomy. Clin J Pain 30:571-576, 2014
13) Khan J, Katz J, Montbriand J et al:Surgically placed abdominal wall catheters on postoperative analgesia and outcomes after living liver donation. Liver Transpl 21:478-486, 2015
14) Hofer I, Spivack J, Yaport M et al:Association between anesthesiologist experience and mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transplant 21:29-37, 2015
15) Feltracco P, Carollo C, Barbieri S et al:Pain control after liver transplantation surgery. Transpl Proc 46:2300-2307, 2014
P.25 掲載の参考文献
16) Kong YG, Kang JW, Kim YK et al:Preoperative coronary calcium score is predictive of early postoperative cardiovascular complications in liver transplant recipients. Br J Anaesth 114:437-443, 2015
17) Hudcova J, Ruthazer R, Bonney I et al:Sodium homeostasis during liver transplantation and correlation with outcomes. Anesth Analg 119:1420-1428, 2014
18) Garutti I, Sanz J, Olmedilla L et al:Extravascular lung water and pulmonary vascular permeability index measured at the end of surgery are independent predictors of prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Anesth Analg 121:736-745, 2015
19) Barbariol F, Vetrugno L, Pompei L et al:Point-of-care ultrasound of the diaphragm in a liver transplant patient with acute respiratory failure. Crit Ultras J 7:1-4, 2015
P.26 掲載の参考文献
20) Hilmi IA, Damian D, Al-Khafaji A et al:Acute kidney injury following orthotopic liver transplantation:incidence, risk factors, and effects on patient and graft outcomes. Br J Anaesth 114:919-926, 2015
21) Erdost HA, Ozkardesler S, Ocmen E et al:Acute renal injury evaluation after liver transplantation:with RIFLE criteria. Transpl Proc 47:1482-1487, 2015

5. 麻酔と腎機能

P.27 掲載の参考文献
1) Varrier M, Forni LG, Ostermann M:Longterm sequelae from acute kidney injury:potential mechanisms for the observed poor renal outcomes. Crit Care 19:102, 2015
2) Hoste EA, Bagshaw SM, Bellomo R et al:Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients:the multinational AKI-EPI study. Intensive Care Med 41:1411-1423, 2015
3) Uchino S, Kellum JA, Bellomo R et al:Acute renal failure in critically ill patients:a multinational, multicenter study. JAMA 294:813-818, 2005
P.28 掲載の参考文献
4) Faasse MA, Lindgren BW, Frainey BT et al:Perioperative effects of caudal and transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks for children undergoing urologic robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. J Pediatr Urol 11:121.e1-121.e7, 2015
5) Yamamoto H, Shido A, Sakura S et al:Monitored anesthesia care based on ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter surgery:case series. J Anesth 2015(Sep 4)[Epub ahead of print]
6) Magruder JT, Dungan SP, Grimm JC et al:Nadir oxygen delivery on bypass and hypotension increase acute kidney injury risk after cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 100:1697-1703, 2015
7) Ranucci M, Romitti F, Isgro G et al:Oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass and acute renal failure after coronary operations. Ann Thorac Surg 80:2213-2220, 2005
P.29 掲載の参考文献
8) Sugimoto K, Toda Y, Iwasaki T et al:Urinary albumin levels predict development of acute kidney injury after pediatric cardiac surgery:a prospective observational study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015 (May 22)[Epub ahead of print]
9) Zarbock A, Schmidt C, Van Aken H et al:Effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on kidney injury among high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery:a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 313:2133-2141, 2015
10) Ko T, Higashitani M, Sato A et al:Impact of acute kidney injury on early to long-term outcomes in patients who underwent surgery for type A acute aortic dissection. Am J Cardiol 116:463-468, 2015
11) Brinkman R, Hay Glass K T, Mutch WA et al:Acute kidney injury in patients undergoing open abdominal Aortic aneurysm repair:A pilot observational trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 29:1212-1219, 2015
P.30 掲載の参考文献
12) Kim M, Brady JE, Li G et al:Interaction effects of acute kidney injury, acute respiratory failure, and sepsis on 30-day postoperative mortality in patients undergoing -High-risk intraabdominal general surgical procedures. Anesth Analg 2015(Aug 13)[Epub ahead of print]
13) Tomozawa A, Ishikawa S, Shiota N et al:Perioperative risk factors for acute kidney injury after liver resection surgery:an historical cohort study. Can J Anaesth 62:753-761, 2015
14) Kambakamba P, Slankamenac K, Tschuor C et al:Epidural analgesia and perioperative kidney function after major liver resection. Br J Surg 102:805-812, 2015
P.31 掲載の参考文献
15) Xing N, Wei X, Chang Y et al:Effects of low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia on renal function in low birth weight infants. BMC Anesthesiol 15:6, 2015
16) Saito J, Hashiba E, Kushikata T et al:Changes in presepsin concentrations in surgical patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing living kidneytransplantation:a pilot study. J Anesth 2015 (Aug 15) [Epub ahead of print]
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17) Sasabuchi Y, Yasunaga H, Matsui H et al:Carperitide increases the need for renal replacement therapy after cardiovascular surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015 (Apr 28) [Epub ahead of print]
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19) Lin H, Bukovskaya Y, De Moya M et al:Vancomycin continuous infusion versus intermittent infusion during continuous venovenous hemofiltration:slow and steady may win the race. Ann Intensive Care 5:10, 2015
20) Cheungpasitporn W, Zand L, Dillon JJ et al:Lactate clearance and metabolic aspects of continuous high-volume hemofiltration. Clin Kidney J 8:374-377, 2015
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22) Doig GS, Simpson F, Bellomo R et al:Intravenous amino acid therapy for kidney function in critically ill patients:a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 41:1197-1208, 2015
23) Martensson J, Bellomo R:The rise and fall of NGAL in acute kidney injury. Blood Purif 37:304-310, 2014
24) Legrand M, Darmon M:Biomarkers for AKI improve clinical practice:yes. Intensive Care Med 41:615-617, 2015
25) Ostermann M, Joannidis M:Biomarkers for AKI improve clinical practice:no. Intensive Care Med 41:618-622, 2015
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26) Horkan CM, Purtle SW, Mendu ML et al:The association of acute kidney injury in the critically ill and postdischarge outcomes:a cohort study*. Crit Care Med 43:354-364, 2015
27) Wilson FP, Shashaty M, Testani J:Automated, electronic alerts for acute kidney injury:a single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 385:1966-1974, 2015
28) Laing C:On the alert for outcome improvement in acute kidney injury. Lancet 385:1924-1926, 2015
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29) Mehta RI, Mehta RI, Solis OE et al:Hydrophilic polymer emboli:an underrecognized iatrogenic cause of ischemia and infarct Mod Pathol 23:921-930, 2010
30) Chen CL, Chen NC, Wang JS:Acute hydrophilic-polymer nephropathy and acute renal failure. N Engl J Med 372:1775-1776, 2015

6. 麻酔と脳神経機能

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3) Sorensen H, Rasmussen P, Sato K et al:External carotid artery flow maintains near infrared spectroscopy-determined frontal lobe oxygenation during ephedrine administration. Br J Anaesth 113:452-458, 2014
4) Kaskinoro K, Maksimow A, Georgiadis S et al:Electroencephalogram reactivity to verbal command after dexmedetomidine, propofol and sevoflurane-induced unresponsiveness. Anaesthesia 70:190-204, 2015
5) Tokuwaka J, Satsumae T, Mizutani T et al:The relationship between age and minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for maintaining bispetral index below 50 in children. Anaesthesia 70:318-322, 2015
6) Willingham M, Ben Abdallah A, Gradwohl S et al:Association between intraoperative electroencephalographic suppression and postoperative mortality. Br J Anaesth 113:1002-1008, 2014
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7) Campos-Pires R, Armstrong SP, Sebastiani A et al:Xenon improves neurologic outcome and reduces secondary injury following trauma in an in vivo model of traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 43:149-158, 2013
8) Harris K, Armstrong SP, Campos-Pires R et al:Neuroprotection against traumatic brain injury by xenon, but not argon, is mediated by inhibition at the N-methy-Daspartate receptor glycine site. Anesthesiology 119:1137-1148, 2013
9) Lin EP, Miles L, Hughes EA et al:A combination of mild hypothermia and sevoflurane affords long-term protection in a modified neonatal mouse model of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. Anesth Analg 119:1158-1173, 2014
10) Bong CL, Lim E, Allen JC et al:A comparison of sigle-dose dexmedetomidine or propofol on the incidence of emergence delirium in children undergoing general anaesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging. Anaesthesia 70:393-399, 2015
11) Choi GJ, Baek CW, Kang H A et al:Emergence agitation after orthognatic surgery:a randomized controlled comparison between sevoflurane and desflurane. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 59:224-231, 2015
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12) Rossi AR, Burkhart C, Dell-Kuster S et al:Serum anticholinergic activity and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients. Anesth Analg 119:947-955, 2014
13) Hori D, Brown C, Ono M et al:Arterial pressure above the upper cerebral autoregulation limit during cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with postoperative delirium. Br J Anaesth 113:1009-1017, 2014
14) Silbert B, Evered L, Biostat M et al:Preexisting cognitive impairment is associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction after hip joint replacement surgery. Anesthesiology 122:1224-1234, 2015
15) Ottens TH, Dielerman JM, Sauer A-M C et al:Effects of dexamethasone on cognitive decline after cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 121:492-500, 2014
16) Lindqvist M, Schening A, Granstrom A et al:Cognitive recovery after ambulatory anaesthesia based on desflurane or propofol:a prospective randomized study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 58:1111-1120, 2014
17) Bartels K, Li Y-J, Li Y-W et al:Apolipoprotein epsilon 4 genotype is associated with less improvement in cognitive function five years after cardiac surgery:a retrospective cohort study. Can J Anesth 62:618-626, 2015
18) Shih J, May LDV, Gonzalez HE et al:Delayed environmental enrichment reserves sevoflurane-induced memory impairment in rats. Anesthesiology 116:586-602, 2012
19) Kawano T, Eguchi S, Iwata H et al:Impact of postoperative environmental enrichment on prevention of development of cognitive impairment following abdominal surgery in a rat model. Anesthesiology 123:160-170, 2015
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20) Zheng SQ, An LX, Cheng X et al:Sevoflurane causes neuronal apoptosis and adaptability changes of neonatal rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 57:1167-1174, 2013
21) Kato R, Tachibana K, Nishimoto N et al:Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane causes significant suppression of hippocampal long-term potentiation in postgrowth rats. Anesth Analg 117:1429-1435, 2013
22) Amrock LG, Starner ML, Murphy KLA et al:Long-term effects of single or multiple neonatal sevoflurane exposures on rat hippocampal ultrastructure. Anesthesiology 122:87-95, 2015
23) Deng M, Hafacer RD, Jiang C et al:Brain regional vulnerability to anaesthesiainduced neuroapoptosis shifts with age at exposure and extends into adulthood for some regions. Br J Anaesth 113:443-451, 2014
24) Duan X, Li Y, Zhou C et al:Dexmedetomidine provides neuroprotection:impact on ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis in the developing rat brain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 58:1121-1126, 2014
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25) Williams RK, Black IH, Howard DB et al:Cognitive outcome after spinal anesthesia and surgery during infancy. Anesth Analg 119:651-660, 2014

7. 麻酔薬と臓器保護作用

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1) Olson JM, Yan Y, Bai X et al:Up-regulation of microrna-21 mediates isoflurane induced protection of cardiomyocytes. Anesthesiology 122:795-805, 2015
2) Wang J, Schilling JM, Niesman IR et al:Cardioprotective trafficking of caveolin to mitochondria is gi-protein dependent. Anesthesiology 121:538-548, 2014
3) Lotz C, Zhang J, Fang C et al:Isoflurane protects the myocardium against ischemic injury via the preservation of mitochondrial respiration and its supramolecular organization. Anesth Analg 120:265-274, 2015
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4) Raphael J, Gozal Y, Navot N et al:Activation of adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels during reperfusion restores isoflurane postconditioning-induced cardiac protection in acutely hyperglycemic rabbits. Anesthesiology 122:1299-1311, 2015
5) Zangrillo A, Musu M, Greco T et al:Additive effect on survival of anaesthetic cardiac protection and remote ischemic preconditioning in cardiac surgery:a bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized trials. PLoS One 10:e0134264, 2015
6) Bonvini JM, Beck-Schimmer B, Kuhn SJ et al:Late post-conditioning with sevoflurane after cardiac surgery-are surrogate markers associated with clinical outcome? PLoS One 10:e0132165, 2015
7) Greco T, Calabro MG, Covello RD et al:A Bayesian network meta-analysis on the effect of inodilatory agents on mortality. Br J Anaesth 114:746-756, 2015
8) Chen Y, Nie H, Tian L:Sevoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection is associated with Akt activation via carboxy-terminal modulator protein inhibition. Br J Anaesth 114:327-335, 2015
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9) Li X, Luo P, Wang F et al:Inhibition of Nmyc downstream-regulated gene-2 is involved in an astrocyte-specific neuroprotection induced by sevoflurane preconditioning. Anesthesiology 121:549-562, 2014;
10) Lee H, Park YH, Jeon YT et al:Sevoflurane post-conditioning increases nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor and haemoxygenase-1 expression via protein kinase C pathway in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischaemia. Br J Anaesth 114:307-318, 2015
11) Zhao P, Ji G, Xue H et al:Isoflurane postconditioning improved long-term neurological outcome possibly via inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in neonatal rats after brain hypoxiaischemia. Neuroscience 280:193-203, 2014
12) Lin EP, Miles L, Hughes EA et al:A combination of mild hypothermia and sevoflurane affords long-term protection in a modified neonatal mouse model of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. Anesth Analg 119:1158-1173, 2014
13) Peng J, Drobish JK, Liang G et al:Anesthetic preconditioning inhibits isofluranemediated apoptosis in the developing rat brain. Anesth Analg 119:939-946, 2014
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14) Twaroski DM, Yan Y, Olson JM et al:Down-regulation of microRNA-21 is involved in the propofol-induced neurotoxicity observed in human stem cell-derived neurons. Anesthesiology 121:786-800, 2014
15) Chi X, Wei X, Gao et al:Dexmedetomidine ameliorates acute lung injury following orthotopic autologous liver transplantation in rats probably by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor kappa B signaling. J Transl Med 13:190, 2015
16) Garutti I, Rancan L, Simon C et al:Intravenous lidocaine decreases tumor necrosis factor alpha expression both locally and systemically in pigs undergoing lung resection surgery. Anesth Analg 119:815-828, 2014
17) Luo C, Yuan D, Li X et al:Propofol attenuated acute kidney injury after orthotopic liver transplantation via inhibiting gap junction composed of connexin 32. Anesthesiology 122:72-86, 2015
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18) Cai J, Xu R, Yu X et al:Volatile anesthetics in preventing acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery:A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 148:3127-3136, 2014
19) Liu C, Shen Z, Liu Y et al:Sevoflurane protects against intestinal ischemiareperfusion injury partly by phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases/Akt pathway in rats. Surgery 157:924-933, 2015
20) Muller-Edenborn B, Frick R, Piegeler T et al:Volatile anaesthetics reduce neutrophil inflammatory response by interfering with CXC receptor-2 signalling. Br J Anaesth 114:143-149, 2015
21) Luo X1, Zhao H, Hennah L et al:Impact of isoflurane on malignant capability of ovarian cancer in vitro. Br J Anaesth 114:831-839, 2015
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22) Shi QY, Zhang SJ, Liu L et al:Sevoflurane promotes the expansion of glioma stem cells through activation of hypoxiainducible factors in vitro. Br J Anaesth 114:825-830, 2015

8. 麻酔前投薬と術前評価

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1) Maurice-Szamburski A, Auquier P, ViarreOreal V et al:Effect of sedative premedication on patient experience after general anesthesia:A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 313:916-925, 2015
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2) Haugen AS, Sofieland E, Almeland SK et al:Effect of the World Health Organization checklist on patient outcome:A stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 261:821-828, 2015
3) Belfer I, Greco CM, Lokshin A et al:The design and methods of genetic studies on acute and chronic postoperative pain in patients after total knee replacement. Pain Med 15:1590-1602, 2014
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4) Mazo V, Sabate S, Canet J et al:Prospective external validation of a predictive score for postoperative pulmonary complications. Anesthesiology 121:219-231, 2014
5) Canet J, Sabate S, Mazo V et al:Development and validation of a score to predict postoperative respiratory failure in a multicentre European cohort:A prospective, observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 32:458-470, 2015
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6) Arzola C, Cubillos J, Perlas A et al:Interrater reliability of qualitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content in the third trimester of pregnancy. Br J Anaesth 113:1018-1023, 2014
7) Squires MH III, Lad NL, Fisher SB et al:The effect of preoperative renal insufficiency on postoperative outcomes after major hepatectomy:A multi-institutional analysis on 1,170 patints. J Am Coll Surg 219:914-922, 2014
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8) Thongyam A, Marcus CL, Lockman JL et al:Predictors of perioperative complications in higher risk children after adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea:A prospective study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 151:1046-1054, 2014
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9) Hahn RG, Bahlmann H, Nilsson L:Dehydration and fluid volume kinetics before major open abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 58:1258-1266, 2014
10) Khalafallah AA, Chilvers CR, Thomas M et al:Usefulness of non-invasive spectrophotometric haemoglobin estimation for detecting low haemoglobin levels when compared with a standard laboratory assay for preoperative assessment. Br J Anaesth 114:669-676, 2015
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11) Udupa AN, Ravindra MN, Chandrika YR et al:Comparison of pediatric perioperative risk assessment by ASA physical status and by NARCO-SS (neurological, airway, respiratory, cardiovascular othersurgical severity) scores. Pediatr Anesth 25:309-316, 2015

9. 麻酔と気道管理・確保

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2) Black AE, Flynn PE, Smith HL et al:Development of a guideline for the management of the unanticipated difficult airway in pediatric practice. Pediatr Anesth 25:346-362, 2015
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3) Schiff JH, Welker A, Fohr B et al:Major incidents and com-plications in otherwise healthy patients undergoing elective procedures:results based on 1.37 million anaesthetic procedures. Br J Anaesth 113:109-121, 2014
4) Tachibana N, Niiyama Y, Yamakage M:Incidence of cannot intubate-cannot ventilate(CICV):results of a 3-year retrospective multicenter clinical study in a network of university hospitals. J Anesth 29:326-330, 2015
5) Norskov AK, Rosenstock CV, Wetterslev J et al:Diagnostic accuracy of anaesthesiologists' prediction of difficult airway management in daily clinical practice:a cohort study of 188,064 patients registered in the Danish Anaesthesia Database. Anaesthesia 70:272-281, 2015
6) Sachdeva R, Kannan TR, Mendonca C et al:Evaluation of changes in tidal volume during mask ventilation following administration of neuromuscular blocking drugs. Anaesthesia 69:826-831, 2014
7) Patel A:Facemask ventilation before or after neuromuscular blocking drugs:where are we now? Anaesthesia 69:811-815, 2014
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8) Prunty SL, Aranda-Palacios A, Heard AM et al:The 'Can't intubate can't oxygenate' scenario in pediatric anesthesia:a comparison of the Melker cricothyroidotomy kit with a scalpel bougie technique. Pediatr Anesth 25:400-404, 2015
9) Rajajee V, Williamson CA, West BT:Impact of real-time ultrasound guidance on complications of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy:a propensity score analysis. Crit Care 19:198, 2015
10) Price GC, McLellan S, Paterson RL et al:A prospective randomised controlled trial of the LMA Supreme vs cuffed tracheal tube as the airway device during percutaneous tracheostomy. Anaesthesia 69:757-763, 2014
11) Hardemark Cedborg AI, Sundman E et al:Effects of morphine and midazolam on pharyngeal function, airway protection, and coordination of breathing and swallowing in healthy adults. Anesthesiology 122:1253-1267, 2015
12) Miguel-Montanes R, Hajage D, Messika J et al:Use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy to prevent desaturation during tracheal intubation of intensive care patients with mild-to-moderate hypoxemia. Crit Care Med 43:574-583, 2015
13) Hashimoto Y, Asai T, Arai T et al:Effect of cricoid pressure on placement of the Igel(TM):a randomised study. Anaesthesia 69:878-882, 2014
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14) Panhuizen IF, Gold SJ, Buerkle C et al:Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of sugammadex 4 mg kg-1 for reversal of deep neuromuscular blockade in patients with severe renal impairment. Br J Anaesth 114:777-784, 2015
15) Ono K, Goto T, Nakai D et al:Incidence and predictors of difficult nasotracheal intubation with airway scope. J Anesth 28:650-654, 2014
16) Ilyas S, Symons J, Bradley WP et al:A prospective randomised controlled trial comparing tracheal intubation plus manual in-line stabilisation of the cervical spine using the Macintosh laryngoscope vs the McGrath(R) Series 5 videolaryngoscope. Anaesthesia 69:1345-1350, 2014
17) Cortellazzi P, Caldiroli D, Byrne A et al:Defining and developing expertise in tracheal intubation using a GlideScope (R) for anaesthetists with expertise in Macintosh direct laryngoscopy:an in vivo longitudinal study. Anaesthesia 70:290-295, 2015
18) Sun Y, Lu Y, Huang Y et al:Pediatric video laryngoscope versus direct laryngoscope:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pediatr Anaesth 24:1056-1065, 2014
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19) McLean DJ, Diaz-Gil D, Farhan HN et al:Dose-dependent Association between Intermediate-acting Neuromuscularblocking Agents and Postoperative Respiratory Complications. Anesthesiology 122:1201-1213, 2015
20) Sasaki N, Meyer MJ, Malviya SA et al:Effects of neostigmine reversal of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents on postoperative respiratory outcomes:a prospective study. Anesthesiology 121:959-968, 2014
21) Ushiroda J, Inoue S, Kirita T et al:A comparison of airway dimensions, measured by acoustic reflectometry and ultrasound before and after general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 69:1355-1363, 2014
22) Davidson AJ, Morton NS, Arnup SJ et al:Apnea after Awake Regional and General Anesthesia in Infants:The General Anesthesia Compared to Spinal Anesthesia Study-Comparing Apnea and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes, A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology 123:38-54, 2015
23) Trevisanuto D, Cavallin F, Nguyen LN et al:Supreme Laryngeal Mask Airway versus Face Mask during Neonatal Resuscitation:A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr 167:286-291, 2015
24) Lockey DJ, Healey B, Crewdson K et al:Advanced airway management is necessary in prehospital trauma patients. Br J Anaesth 14:657-662, 2015
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25) Choi HJ, Kim YM, Oh YM et al:GlideScope video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy in the emergency department:a propensity score-matched analysis. BMJ Open 5:e007884, 2015

10. 吸入麻酔薬

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1) Zaugg M, Lucchinetti E, Behmanesh S et al:Anesthetic cardioprotection in clinical practice from proof-of-concept to clinical applications. Curr Pharm Des 20:5706-5726, 2014
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2) Bettex DA, Wanner PM, Bosshart M et al:Role of sevoflurane in organ protection during cardiac surgery in children:a randomized controlled trial. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 20:157-165, 2015
3) Ergonenc J, Ergonenc T, Idin K et al:The recovery time of sevoflurane and desflurane and the effects of anesthesia on mental and psychomotor functions and pain. Anesth Essays Res 8:367-371, 2014
4) Tang N, Ou C, Liu Y et al:Effect of inhalational anaesthetic on postoperative cognitive dysfunction following radical rectal resection in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. J Int Med Res 42:1252-1261, 2014
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5) Meineke M, Applegate RL, Rasmussen T et al:Cognitive dysfunction following desflurane versus sevoflurane general anesthesia in elderly patients:a randomized controlled trial. Med Gas Res 4:6, 2014
6) Tachibana S, Hayase T, Osuda M et al:Recovery of postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients after a long duration of desflurane anesthesia:a pilot study. J Anesth 29:627-630, 2015
7) Martin JC, Liley DT, Harvey AS et al:Alterations in the functional connectivity of frontal lobe networks preceding emergence delirium in children. Anesthesiology 121:740-752, 2014
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8) Shan J, Sun L, Wang D, Li X:Comparison of the neuroprotective effects and recovery profiles of isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane as neurosurgical pre-conditioning on ischemia/reperfusion cerebral injury. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 8:2001-2009, 2015
9) Ghoneim AA, Azer MS, Ghobrial HZ et al:Awakening properties of isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane in pediatric patients after craniotomy for supratentorial tumours. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 27:1-6, 2015
10) Bernard JM, Pereon Y, Fayet G et al:Effects of isoflurane and desflurane on neurogenic motor- and somatosensoryevoked potential monitoring for scoliosis surgery. Anesthesiology 85:1013-1019, 1996
11) Malcharek MJ, Loeffler S, Schiefer D et al:Transcranial motor evoked potentials during anesthesia with desflurane versus propofol-A prospective randomized trial. Clin Neurophysiol 126:1825-1832, 2015
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12) Taylor RH, Lerman J:Induction, maintenance and recovery characteristics of desflurane in infants and children. Can J Anaesth 39:6-13, 1992
13) Lerman J, Hammer GB, Verghese S et al:Airway responses to desflurane during maintenance of anesthesia and recovery in children with laryngeal mask airways. Paediatr Anaesth 20:495-505, 2010
14) Stevanovic A, Rossaint R, Fritz HG et al:Airway reactions and emergence times in general laryngeal mask airway anaesthesia:a meta-analysis. Eur J Anaesthesiol 32:106-116, 2015
15) Elias KM, Kang S, Liu X et al:Anesthetic selection and disease-free survival following optimal primary cytoreductive surgery for stage III epithelial ovarian cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 22:1341-1348, 2015
16) Gonzalez-Rodriguez R, Munoz Martinez A, Galan Serrano J et al:Health worker exposure risk during inhalation sedation with sevoflurane using the (AnaConDa (R)) anaesthetic conserving device. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 61:133-139, 2014
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17) 倉田 二:fMRIの最前線. 臨床麻酔 37:157-161, 2013
18) Palanca BJ, Mitra A, Larson-Prior L et al:Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of sevofluraneinduced unconsciousness. Anesthesiology 123:346-356, 2015
19) Mantini D, Perrucci MG, Del Gratta C et al:Electrophysiological signatures of resting state networks in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:13170-13175, 2007
20) Palanca BJ, Mitra A, Larson-Prior L et al:Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates of Sevoflurane-induced Unconsciousness. Anesthesiology 123:346-356, 2015
21) Purdon PL, Pavone KJ, Akeju O et al:The Ageing Brain:Age-dependent changes in the electroencephalogram during propofol and sevoflurane general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 115(suppl 1):i46-i57, 2015
22) Katoh T, Bito H, Sato S:Influence of age on hypnotic requirement, bispectral index, and 95% spectral edge frequency associated with sedation induced by sevoflurane. Anesthesiology 92:55-61, 2000

11. 静脈麻酔薬 ( 麻薬を除く )

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3) Kitt E, Friderici J, Kleppel R et al:Procedural sedation for MRI in children with ADHD. Paediatr Anaesth 25:1026-1032, 2015
4) Heard C, Harutunians M, Houck J et al:Propofol anesthesia for children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging:a comparison with isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and a laryngeal mask airway. Anesth Analg 120:157-164, 2015
5) Sago T, Harano N, Chogyoji Y et al:A nasal high-flow system prevents hypoxia in dental patients under intravenous sedation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 73:1058-1064, 2015
6) Orliaguet GA, Benabbes Lambert F, Chazot T et al:Feasibility of closed-loop titration of propofol and remifentanil guided by the bispectral monitor in pediatric and adolescent patients:a prospective randomized study. Anesthesiology 122:759-767, 2015
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7) Lou PH, Lucchinetti E, Zhang L et al:Propofol(Diprivan(R))and Intralipid(R)exacerbate insulin resistance in type-2 diabetic hearts by impairing GLUT4 trafficking. Anesth Analg 120:329-340, 2015
8) Vanlander AV, Okun JG, de Jaeger A et al:Possible pathogenic mechanism of propofol infusion syndrome involves coenzyme Q. Anesthesiology 122:343-352, 2015
9) Feder A, Parides MK, Murrough JW et al:Efficacy of intravenous ketamine for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder:a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 71:681-688, 2014
10) Green SM, Andolfatto G, Krauss BS:Ketamine and intracranial pressure:no contraindication except hydrocephalus. Ann Emerg Med 65:52-54, 2015
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12) Borkett KM, Riff DS, Schwartz HI et al:A Phase IIa, randomized, double-blind study of remimazolam(CNS 7056)versus midazolam for sedation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Anesth Analg 120:771-780, 2015
13) Lee SH, Choi YS, Hong GR et al:Echocardiographic evaluation of the effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiac function during total intravenous anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 70:1052-1059, 2015
14) Sezen G, Demiraran Y, Seker IS et al:Does premedication with dexmedetomidine provide perioperative hemodynamic stability in hypertensive patients? BMC Anesthesiol 14:113, 2014
15) Sun L, Guo R, Sun L:Dexmedetomidine for preventing sevoflurane-related emergence agitation in children:a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 58:642-650, 2014
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16) Bong CL, Lim E, Allen JC et al:A comparison of single-dose dexmedetomidine or propofol on the incidence of emergence delirium in children undergoing general anaesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging. Anaesthesia 70:393-399, 2015
17) Li B, Wang H, Wu H et al:Neurocognitive dysfunction risk alleviation with the use of dexmedetomidine in perioperative conditions or as ICU sedation:a meta-analysis. Medicine(Baltimore)94:e597, 2015
18) Pandit JJ, Andrade J, Bogod DG et al:The 5th National Audit Project (NAP5)on accidental awareness during general anaesthesia:summary of main findings and risk factors. Anaesthesia 69:1089-1101, 2014

12. 筋弛緩薬と拮抗薬

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1) Wijk RMV, Watts RW, Ledowski T et al:Deep neuromuscular block reduces intraabdominal pressure requirments during laparoscopic cholecystectomy:a prospective observational study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 59:434-440, 2015
2) Madsen MV, Gatke MR, Springborg HH et al:Optimising abdominal space with deep neuromuscular blockade in gynaecologic laparoscopy-a randomized, blinded crossover study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 59:441-447, 2015
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3) Reddy JI, Cooke PJ, van Schalkwyk JM et al:Anaphylaxis is more common with rocuronium and succinylcholine than with atracurium. Anesthesiology 122:39-45, 2015
4) De Kam PJ, Grobara P, Prohn M et al:Effects of sugammadex on activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time in healthy subjects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 52:227-236, 2014
5) De Kam PJ, Kruithof AC, van Lierop MJ et al:Lack of a clinically relevant effect of sugammadex on anti-Xa activity or activated partial thromboplastin time following pretreatment with either unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin in healthy subjects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 52:631-641, 2014
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7) Panhuizen IF, Gold SJA, Buerkle C et al:Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of sugammadex 4 mg kg-1 for reversal of deep neuromuscular blockade in patients with severe renal impairment. Br J Anaesth 114:777-784, 2015
8) Sasaki N, Meyer MJ, Malviya SJ et al:Effects of neostigmine reversal of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents on postoperative respiratory outcomes. A prospective study. Anesthesiology 121:959-968, 2014

13. 局所麻酔薬

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2) Ilfeld BM, Viscusi ER, Hadzic A et al:Safety and side effect profile of liposome bupivacaine(Exparel)in peripheral nerve blocks. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:572-582, 2015
3) Zhou C, Ke B, Zhao Y et al:Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels may contribute to regional anesthetic effects of lidocaine. Anesthesiology 122:606-618, 2015
4) Werdehausen R, Mittnacht S, Bee LA et al:The lidocaine metabolite N-ethylglycine has antinociceptive effects in experimental inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Pain 156:1647-1659, 2015
5) Lobo K, Donado C, Comelissen L et al:A Phase 1, Dose-escalation, double-blind, block-randomized, controlled trial of safety and efficacy of neosaxitoxin alone and in combination with 0.2% bupivacaine, with and without epinephrine, for cutaneous anesthesia. Anesthesiology 123:873-885, 2015
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6) Templin JS, Wylie MC, Kim JD et al:Neosaxitoxin in rat sciatic block:improved therapeutic index using combinations with bupivacaine, with and without epinephrine. Anesthesiology 123:886-898, 2015
7) Wang X, Zhou C, Liang P et al:Characterization of specific roles of sodium channel subtypes in regional anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:599-604, 2015
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8) Zhou C, Liang P, Liu J et al:Emulsified isoflurane enhances thermal transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 channel activation-mediated sensory/nociceptive blockade by QX-314. Anesthesiology 121:280-289, 2014
9) Zhao Y, Zhou C, Liu J et al:The quaternary lidocaine derivative QX-314 produces long-lasting intravenous regional anesthesia in rats. PLOS One 9:e99704, 2014
10) Hofmann ME, Largent-Milnes TM, Fawley JA et al:External QX-314 inhibits evoked cranial primary afferent synaptic transmission independent of TRPV1. J Neurophysiol 112:2697-2706, 2014
11) Talbot S, Abdulnour RE, Burkett PR et al:Silencing nociceptor neurons reduces allergic airway inflammation. Neuron 87:341-354, 2015
12) Banerjee M, Baranwal A, Saha S et al:EN3427:a novel cationic aminoindane with long-acting local anesthetic properties. Anesth & Analg 120:941-949, 2015
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13) Heinonen JA, Litonius E, Pitkanen M et al:Incidence of severe local anaesthetic toxicity and adoption of lipid rescue in Finnish anaesthesia departments in 2011-2013. Acta Scand Anaesthesiol 59:1032-1037, 2015
14) Partownavid P, Shama S, Li J et al:Involvement of opioid receptors in the lipid rescue of bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity. Anesth Analg 121:340-347, 2015
15) Li R, Ma H, Zhang X et al:Impaired autophagosome clearance contributes to local anesthetic bupivacaine-induced myotoxicity in mouse myoblasts. Anesthesiology 122:595-605, 2015
16) Van de Wal S, Vaneker M, Steegers M et al:Lidocaine increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 following mechanical ventilation in healthy mice Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 59:47-55, 2015
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17) Ramirez MF, Tran P, Cata JP:The effect of clinically therapeutic plasma concentrations of lidocaine on natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:43-48, 2015

14. 心・血管作動薬

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1) Frendl G, Sodickson AC, Chung MK et al:2014 AATS guidelines for the prevention and management of perioperative atrial fibrillation and flutter for thoracic surgical procedures. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 148:e153-e193, 2014
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2) Riber LP, Larsen TB, Christensen TD:Postoperative atrial fibrillation prophylaxis after lung surgery:systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 98:1989-1997, 2014
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4) Wijeysundera DN, Duncan D, Nkonde-Price C et al:Perioperative beta blockade in noncardiac surgery:a systematic review for the 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery:a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 64:2406-2425, 2014
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5) Scali S, Patel V, Neal D et al:Preoperative beta-blockers do not improve cardiac outcomes after major elective vascular surgery and may be harmful. J Vasc Surg 62:166-176. e2, 2015
6) Henke PK, Zamora-Berridi G, Englesbe MJ et al:A case-cohort study of postoperative myocardial infarction:impact of anemia and cardioprotective medications. Surgery 156:1018-1026, 1029, 2014
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8) Suzuki K, Numaguchi A, Adachi YU et al:Continuous administration of landiolol reduced QT dispersion in postoperative patients. J Clin Anesth 26:438-442, 2014
9) Wijeysundera DN, Choi PT, Badner NH et al:A randomized feasibility trial of clonidine to reduce perioperative cardiac risk in patients on chronic beta-blockade:the EPIC study. Can J Anaesth 61:995-1003, 2014
10) Xu L, Hu Z, Shen J et al:Does dexmedetomidine have a cardiac protective effect during non-cardiac surgery? A randomised controlled trial. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 41:879-883, 2014
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11) Ngan Kee WD, Lee SW, Ng FF et al:Randomized double-blinded comparison of norepinephrine and phenylephrine for maintenance of blood pressure during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology 122:736-745, 2015
12) Mohta M, Harisinghani P, Sethi AK et al:Effect of different phenylephrine bolus doses for treatment of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing elective caesarean section. Anaesth Intensive Care 43:74-80, 2015
13) Bainey KR, Rahim S, Etherington K et al:Effects of withdrawing vs continuing renin-angiotensin blockers on incidence of acute kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing cardiac catheterization:Results from the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker and Contrast Induced Nephropathy in Patients Receiving Cardiac Catheterization(CAPTAIN)trial. Am Heart J 170:110-116, 2015
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14) Yilmaz M, Aydin U, Arslan ZI et al:The effect of lidocaine and amiodarone on prevention of ventricular fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Heart Surg Forum 17:E245-E249, 2014
15) Darkner S, Chen X, Hansen J et al:Recurrence of arrhythmia following shortterm oral AMIOdarone after CATheter ablation for atrial fibrillation:a doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled study(AMIO-CAT trial). Eur Heart J 35:3356-3364, 2014
16) Bove T, Zangrillo A, Guarracino F et al:Effect of fenoldopam on use of renal replacement therapy among patients with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery:a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 312:2244-2253, 2014
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17) Knezevic I, Poglajen G, Hrovat E et al:The effects of levosimendan on renal function early after heart transplantation:results from a pilot randomized trial. Clin Transplant 28:1105-1111, 2014
18) Bebawy JF, Houston CC, Kosky JL et al:Nicardipine is superior to esmolol for the management of postcraniotomy emergence hypertension:a randomized openlabel study. Anesth Analg 120:186-192, 2015

15. 麻酔に用いられる麻薬性鎮痛薬 : レミフェンタニルの最近の話題

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1) Angst MS:Intraoperative Use of Remifentanil for TIVA:Postoperative Pain, Acute Tolerance, and Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 29:S16-S22, 2015
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3) Thomas B:Remifentanil versus fentanyl in total intravenous anesthesia for lumbar spine surgery:a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Anesth 27:391-395, 2015
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5) Wu L, Huang X, Sun L:The efficacy of Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists on improving the postoperative pain intensity and satisfaction after remifentanil-based anesthesia in adults:a metaanalysis. J Clin Anesth 27:311-324, 2015
6) Leal PC, Salomao R, Brunialti MK et al:Evaluation of the effect of ketamine on remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia:a double-blind, randomized study. J Clin Anesth 27:331-337, 2015
7) Choi E, Lee H, Park HS, et al:Effect of intraoperative infusion of ketamine on remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. Korean J Anesthesiol 68:476-480, 2015
8) Han SS, Do SH, Kim TH et al:Stepwise tapering of remifentanil at the end of surgery decreased postoperative pain and the need of rescue analgesics after thyroidectomy. BMC Anesthesiol 15:46, 2015
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9) Tripi PA, Kuestner ME, Poe-Kochert CS et a:Intrathecal morphine attenuates acute opioid tolerance secondary to remifentanil infusions during spinal surgery in adolescents. J Pain Res 8:637-640, 2015
10) Hoshijima H, Takeuchi R, Kuratani N et al:Incidence of postoperative shivering comparing remifentanil with other opioids:a meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth 29:2015
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11) Irwin MG, Wong GT:Remifentanil and opioid-induced cardioprotection. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 29:s23-s26, 2015
12) Qiao S, Mao X, Wang Y et al:Remifentanil Preconditioning Reduces Postischemic Myocardial Infarction and Improves Left Ventricular Performance via Activation of the Janus Activated Kinase-2/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription-3 Signal Pathway and Subsequent Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in Rats. Crit Care Med 2015(Oct 14)[Epub ahead of print]
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14) Kwon JY, Park BS, Kin YH et al:Remifentanil protects human keratinocytes against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury through activation of autophagy. Plos One 10:e0116982, 2015
15) Baik SW, Park BS, Kim YH et al:Effects of Remifentanil Preconditioning on Osteoblasts under Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Condition. Int J Med Sci 12:583-589, 2015
16) Shen JT, Li YS, Xia ZQ et al:Remifentanil preconditioning protects the small intestine againsti schemia/reperfusion injury via intestinal δ-and μ-opioid receptors. Surgery 2015(Sep 23)[Epub ahead of print]
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18) Stourac P, Kosinova M, Harazim H et al:The analgesic efficacy of remifentanil for labour. Systematic review of the recent literature. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015(Oct 7)[Epub ahead of print]
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19) Savilampi J, Magnuson A, Ahlstrand R:Effects of remifentanil on esophaged motility:a double-blind, ramdomized, cross-over study in healthy volunteers. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 59:1126-1136, 2015
20) Seol TK, Lim JK, Yoo EK et al:Propofolketamine or propofol-remifentanil for deep sedation and analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing burn dressing changes:a randomized clinical trial. Paediatr Anaesth 25:560-566, 2015
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21) Kim DH, Yoo JY, Moon BK et al:The effect of injection speed on remifentanil-induced cough in children. Korean J Anesthesiol 67:171-174, 2014
22) Myhre M, Diep LM, Stubhaug A:Pregabalin has analgesic, ventilatory, and cognitive effects in combination with remifentanil. Anesthesiology 2015(Nov 3)[Epub ahead of print]

16. 麻酔深度とモニター活用法

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1) Schuller PJ, Newell S, Strickland PA et al:Response of bispectral index to neuromuscular block in awake volunteers. Br J Anaesth 115(suppl 1):i95-i103, 2015
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2) Messner M, Beese U, Romstock J et al:The bispectral index declines during neuromuscular block in fully awake persons. Anesth Analg 97:488-491, 2003
3) Purdon PL, Pierce ET, Mukamel EA et al:Electroencephalogram signatures of loss and recovery of consciousness from propofol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:E1142-E1151, 2013
4) Hagihira S:Changes in the electroencephalogram during anaesthesia and their physiological basis. Br J Anaesth 115(suppl 1):i27-i31, 2015
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6) Tsuruta S, Satsumae T, Mizutani T et al:Minimum alveolar concentrations of sevoflurane for maintaining bispectral index below 50 in children. Paediatr Anaesth 21:1124-1127, 2011
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8) Seo JS, Park SW, Lee YS et al:Risk factors for delirium after spine surgery in elderly patients. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 56:28-33, 2014
9) Soehle M, Dittmann A, Ellerkmann RK et al:Intraoperative burst suppression is associated with postoperative delirium following cardiac surgery:a prospective, observational study. BMC Anesthesiol 15:61, 2015
10) Willingham M, Ben Abdallah A, Gradwohl S et al:Association between intraoperative electroencephalographic suppression and postoperative mortality. Br J Anaesth 113:1001-1008, 2014
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11) Short TG, Leslie K, Chan MT et al:Rationale and Design of the Balanced Anesthesia Study:A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial of Two Levels of Anesthetic Depth on Patient Outcome After Major Surgery. Anesth Analg 121:357-365, 2015
12) Selig C, Riegger C, Dirks B et al:Bispectral index(BIS)and suppression ratio(SR)as an early predictor of unfavourable neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 85:221-226, 2014
13) Stammet P, Wagner DR, Gilson G et al:Modeling serum level of s100 β and bispectral index to predict outcome after cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol 62:851-858, 2013
14) Seder DB, Dziodzio J, Smith KA et al:Feasibility of bispectral index monitoring to guide early post-resuscitation cardiac arrest triage. Resuscitation 85:1030-1036, 2014
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15) White PF, Tang J, Ma H et al:Is the patient state analyzer with the PSArray2 a cost-effective alternative to the bispectral index monitor during the perioperative period? Anesth Analg 99:1429-1435, 2004
16) Caputo TD, Ramsay MA, Rossmann JA et al:Evaluation of the SEDline to improve the safety and efficiency of conscious sedation. Proc(Bayl Univ Med Cent)24:200-204, 2011
17) Goudra B, Singh PM, Gouda G et al:Propofol and non-propofol based sedation for outpatient colonoscopy-prospective comparison of depth of sedation using an EEG based SEDLine monitor. J Clin Monit Comput 2015(Sep 12)[Epub ahead of print]
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19) Jensen EW, Valencia JF, Lopez A ey al:Monitoring hypnotic effect and nociception with two EEG-derived indices, qCON and qNOX, during general anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 58:933-941, 2014
20) Pilge S, Schneider G:BIS and state entropy of the EEG-comparing apples and oranges. Br J Anaesth 115:164-166, 2015
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22) Boselli E, Bouvet L, Begou G et al:Prediction of immediate postoperative pain using the analgesia/nociception index:a prospective observational study. Br J Anaesth 112:715-721, 2014
23) Boselli E, Bouvet L, Begou G et al:Prediction of hemodynamic reactivity during total intravenous anesthesia for suspension laryngoscopy using Analgesia/Nociception Index (ANI):a prospective observational study. Minerva Anestesiol 81:288-297, 2015
24) Bergmann I, Gohner A, Crozier TA et al:Surgical pleth index-guided remifentanil administration reduces remifentanil and propofol consumption and shortens recovery times in outpatient anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 110:622-628, 2013
25) Gruenewald M, Ilies C, Herz J et al:Influence of nociceptive stimulation on analgesia nociception index (ANI) during propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 110:1024-1030, 2013

17. 麻酔領域での経食道心エコー ( TEE ) による心機能評価

P.105 掲載の参考文献
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2) Porter TR, Shillcutt SK, Adams MS et al:Guidelines for the use of echocardiography as a monitor for therapeutic intervention in adults:a report from the american society of echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 28:40-56, 2015
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3) Lancellotti P, Price S, Edvardsen T et al:The use of echocardiography in acute cardiovascular care:Recommendations of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 16:119-146, 2015
4) Cowie B, Kluger R, Rex S et al:The utility of transoesophageal echocardiography for estimating right ventricular systolic pressure. Anaesthesia 70:258-263, 2015
5) Soliman D, Bolliger D, Skarvan K et al:Intra-operative assessment of pulmonary artery pressure by transoesophageal echocardiography. Anaesthesia 70:264-271, 2015
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6) Imada T, Kamibayashi T, Ota C et al:Intraoperative right ventricular fractional area change is a good indicator of right ventricular contractility:a retrospective comparison using two-and three-dimensional echocardiography. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 29:831-835, 2015
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11) Mihara H, Shibayama K, Jilaihawi H et al:Assessment of post-procedural aortic regurgitation after TAVR:An Intraprocedural TEE Study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 8:993-1003, 2015
12) Ashikhmina E, Shook D, Cobey F et al:Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of functional mitral regurgitation proximal isovelocity surface area. Anesth Analg 120:534-542, 2015
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15) Shillcutt SK, Montzingo CR, Agrawal A et al:Echocardiography-based hemodynamic management of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction:a feasibility and safety study. Echocardiography 31:1189-1198, 2014

18. 超音波診断と末梢神経ブロック

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2) Abdallah FW, Halpern SH, Aoyama K et al:Will the real benefits of single-shot interscalene block please stand up? a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 120:1114-1129, 2015
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3) Hamdani M, Chassot O, Fournier R:Ultrasound-guided continuous interscalene block:the influence of local anesthetic background delivery method on postoperative analgesia after shoulder surgery:a randomized trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 39:387-393, 2014
4) Petrar SD, Seltenrich ME, Head SJ et al:Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis following ultrasound-guided supraclavicular versus infraclavicular bracial plexus blockade:a randomized clinical trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:133-138, 2015
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5) Farag E, Atim A, Ghosh R, Bauer M et al:Comparison of three techniques for ultrasound-guided femoral nerve catheter insertion. Anesthesiology 121:239-248, 2015
6) Karmakar MK, Kwok WH, Hadzic A:Ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus block using a transverse scan through the lumbar intertransverse space:a prospective case series. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:75-81, 2015
7) Abdallah FW, Chan VWS, Gandhi R et al:The analgesic effects of proximal, distal, or no sciatic nerve block on posterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty:a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Anesthesiology 21:1302-1310, 2014
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8) Al-Zahrani T, Doais KS, Aljassir F et al:Randomized clinical trial of continuous femoral nerve block combined with sciatic nerve block versus epidural analgesia for unilateral total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 30:149-154, 2015
9) Hanson NA, Allen CJ, Hostetter LS et al:Continuous ultrasound-guided adductor canal block for total knee arthroplasty:a randomized, double-blind trial. Anesth Analg 118:1370-1377, 2014
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10) Grevstad U, Mathiensen O, Valentiner LS et al:Effect of adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block on quadriceps strength, mobilization, and pain after total knee arthroplasty:a randomized, blinded study. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40;3-10, 2015
11) Shah NA, Jain NP:Is continuous adductor canal block better than continuous femoral nerve block after total knee arthroplasty? Effect on ambulation ability, early functional recovery and pain control:a randomized controlled trial. J Arthroplasty 29:2224-2229, 2014
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12) Machi AT, Sztain JF, Kormylo NJ et al:Discharge readiness after tricompartment knee arthroplasty:adductor canal versus femoral continuous nerve blocks-a dualcenter, randomized trial. Anesthesiology 123:444-456, 2015
13) Karmakar MK, Samy W, Li JW et al:Thoracic paravertebral block and its effects on chronic pain and health-related quality of life after modified radical mastectomy. Reg Anesth Pain Med 39:289-298, 2014
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14) Law LS-C, Tan M, Bai Y et al:Paravertebral block for inguinal herniorrhaphy:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesth Analg 121:556-569, 2015
15) Stoving K, Rothe C, Rosenstock CV et al:Cutaneous sensory block area, muscle-relaxing effect, and block duration of the transversus abdominis plane block:a randomized, blinded, and placebo-controlled study in healthy volunteers. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:355-362, 2015
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16) Blanco R, Fajardo M, Maldonado TP:Ultrasound description of Pecs II(modified Pecs I):a novel approach to breast surgery. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 59:470-475, 2012
17) Blanco R, Parras T, McDonnell JG et al:Serratus plane block:a novel ultrasoundguided thoracic wall nerve block. Anaesthesia 68:1107-1113, 2013
18) Bashandy GMN, Abbas DN:Pectoral nerves I and II blocks in multimodal analgesia for breast cancer surgery:a randomized clinical trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:68-74, 2015
19) Andersen HL, Andersen SL, TranumJensen J:Injection inside the paraneural sheath of the sciatic nerve:direct comparison among ultrasound imaging, macroscopic anatomy and hisologic analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med 37:410-414, 2012
20) Choquet O, Noble GB, Abbal B et al:Subparaneural versus circumferential extraneural injection at the bifurcation level in ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve blocks:a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Reg Anesth Pain Med 39:306-311, 2014
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21) Tiyapraserkul W, Bernucci F, Gonzalez AP et al:A randomized comparison between single- and triple-injection subparaneural popliteal sciatic nerve block. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:315-320, 2015
22) Sivashanmugam T, Ray S, Ravishankar M et al:Randomized comparison of extrafascial versus subfascial injection of local anesthetic during ultrasound-guided supraclavicular bracial plexus block. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:337-343, 2015
23) Yamamoto H, Sakura S, Wada M et al:A prospective, randomized comparison between single and multiple injection techniques for ultrasound-guided subgluteal sciatic nerve block. Anesth Analg 119:1442-1448, 2014
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24) Abdallah FW, Johnson J, Chan VWS et al:Intravenous dexamethasone and perineural dexamethasone similarly prolong the duration of analgesia after supraclavicular brachial plexus block:a randomized, triple-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:125-132, 2015
25) YaDeau JT, Paroli L, Fields KG et al:Addition of dexamethasone and buprenorphine to bupivacaine sciatic nerve block:a randomized controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:321-329, 2015

19. 麻酔科領域での超音波の応用 ( 神経ブロック, TEEを除く )

P.120 掲載の参考文献
1) Kristensen MS, Teoh WH, Graumann O et al:Ultrasonography for clinical decisionmaking and intervention in airway management:from the mouth to the lungs and pleurae. Insights Imaging 5:253-279, 2014
2) 鈴木昭広:ABCD sonography のススメ~超音波による気道の評価:PEAS プロトコール~. Anet 18:20-23, 2014
3) Thomas BN, Wilkes AR, Hodzovic I:Using sublingual ultrasound to predict laryngoscopy view. Anaesthesia 69:1288-1289, 2014
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4) Das SK, Choupoo NS, Haldar R et al:Transtracheal ultrasound for verification of endotracheal tube placement:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth 62:413-423, 2015
5) Kim J, Kim JY, Kim WO et al:An ultrasound evaluation of laryngeal mask airway position in pediatric patients:an observational study. Anesth Analg 120:427-432, 2015
6) Van de Putte P, Perlas A:Ultrasound assessment of gastric content and volume. Br J Anaesth 113:12-22, 2014
7) Arzola C, Cubillos J, Perlas A et al:Interrater reliability of qualitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content in the third trimester of pregnancy. Br J Anaesth 113:1018-1023, 2014
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8) Lamb A, Zhang J, Hung O et al:Accuracy of identifying the cricothyroid membrane by anesthesia trainees and staff in a Canadian institution. Can J Anaesth 62:495-503, 2015
9) You-Ten KE, Desai D, Postonogova T et al:Accuracy of conventional digital palpation and ultrasound of the cricothyroid membrane in obese women in labour. Anaesthesia 2015(Jul 17)[Epub aead of print]
10) ANZICS Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy Consensus Statement. http://www.anzics.com.au/Pages/Newsresources.aspx(2015.8.23. 閲覧)
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12) Bouhemad B, Mongodi S, Via G et al:Ultrasound for "lung monitoring" of ventilated patients. Anesthesiology 122:437-447, 2015
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13) Bouvet L, Albert ML, Augris C et al:Realtime detection of gastric insufflation related to facemask pressure-controlled ventilation using ultrasonography of the antrum and epigastric auscultation in nonparalyzed patients:a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Anesthesiology 120:326-334, 2014
14) Girard M, Genereux V, Monastesse A:Lung ultrasonography for the detection of anesthesia-induced lung atelectasis. Anesthesiology 122:213-214, 2015
15) Hiruma M, Watanabe T, Baba H:Using lung ultrasound in an infant to detect bronchial intubation not previously identified by auscultation. Can J Anaesth 2015 (May 8)[Epub aghead of print]
16) Vegas A, Denault A, Royse C:A bedside clinical and ultrasound-based approach to hemodynamic instability-Part II:bedsideultrasound in hemodynamic shock:continuing professional development. Can J Anaesth 61:1008-1027, 2014
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17) Brouwer TA, Rosier PF, Moons KG et al:Postoperative bladder catheterization based on individual bladder capacity:a randomized trial. Anesthesiology 122:46-54, 2015
18) Daurat A, Choquet O, Bringuier S et al:Diagnosis of Postoperative Urinary Retention Using a Simplified Ultrasound Bladder Measurement. Anesth Analg 120:1033-1038, 2015
19) Ramsingh D, Alexander B, Le K et al:Comparison of the didactic lecture with the simulation/model approach for the teaching of a novel perioperative ultrasound curriculum to anesthesiology residents. J Clin Anesth 26:443-454, 2014
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20) Fagley RE, Haney MF, Beraud A-S et al:Critical Care Basic Ultrasound Learning Goals for American Anesthesiology Critical Care Trainees:Recommendations from an Expert Group. Anesth Analg 120:1041-1053, 2015

20. 輸血と輸液

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1) Practice Guidelines for Perioperative Blood Management An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Blood Management*. Anesthesiology 122:241-275, 2015
2) Clifford L, Jia Q, Subramanian A et al:Characterizing the epidemiology of postoperative transfusion-related acute lung injury. Anesthesiology 122:12-20, 2015
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3) Clifford L, Jia Q, Yadav H et al:Characterizing the epidemiology of perioperative transfusion-associated circulatory overload. Anesthesiology 122:21-28, 2015
4) Holst LB, Petersen MW, Haase N et al:Restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategy for red blood cell transfusion:systematic review of randomised trials with metaanalysis and trial sequential analysis. BMJ 350, 2015
5) Pinheiro de Almeida J, Vincent J-L, Barbosa Gomes Galas FR et al:Transfusion requirements in surgical oncology patients A prospective, randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology 122:29-38, 2015
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6) Novak DJ, Bai Y, Cooke RK et al:Making thawed universal donor plasma available rapidly for massively bleeding trauma patients:experience from the Pragmatic, Randomized Optimal Platelets and Plasma Ratios(PROPPR)trial. Transfusion 55:1331-1339, 2015
7) Harrois A, Baudry N, Huet O et al:Norepinephrine decreases fluid requirements and blood loss while preserving intestinal villi microcirculation during fluid resuscitation of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in mice. Anesthesiology 122:1093-1102, 2015
8) Curry N, Rourke C, Davenport R et al:Early cryoprecipitate for major haemorrhage in trauma:a randomised controlled feasibility trial. Br J Anaesth 115:76-83, 2015
9) Karkouti K, McCluskey SA, Callum J et al:Evaluation of a novel transfusion algorithm employing point-of-care coagulation assays in cardiac surgery A Retrospective Cohort Study with interrupted time-series analysis. Anesthesiology 122:560-570, 2015
10) Collins PW, Lilley G, Bruynseels D et al:Fibrin-based clot formation as an early and rapid biomarker for progression of postpartum hemorrhage:a prospective study. Blood 124:1727-1736, 2014
11) Wikkelsoe AJ, Afshari A, Stensballe J et al:The FIB-PPH trial:fibrinogen concentrate as initial treatment for postpartum haemorrhage:study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 13:110, 2012
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12) Koster A, Faraoni D, Levy JH:Antifibrinolytic therapy for cardiac surgery an update. Anesthesiology 123:214-221, 2015
13) Walkden GJ, Verheyden V, Goudie R et al:Increased perioperative mortality following aprotinin withdrawal:a real-world analysis of blood management strategies in adult cardiac surgery. Intensive Care Med 39:1808-1817, 2013
14) Poeran J, Rasul R, Suzuki S et al:Tranexamic acid use and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty in the United States:retrospective analysis of effectiveness and safety. BMJ 349:g4829, 2014
15) Cheriyan T, Maier SP 2nd, Bianco K et al:Efficacy of tranexamic acid on surgical bleeding in spine surgery:a meta-analysis. Spine J 15:752-761, 2015
16) Sentilhes L, Daniel V, Darsonval A et al:Study protocol. TRAAP-TRAnexamic Acid for Preventing postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery:a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 15:135, 2015
17) Goldstein JN, Refaai MA, Milling TJ Jr et al:Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate versus plasma for rapid vitamin K antagonist reversal in patients needing urgent surgical or invasive interventions:a phase 3b, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial. The Lancet 385:2077-2087, 2015
18) Herzog E, Kaspereit F, Krege W et al:Effective reversal of edoxaban-associated bleeding with four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in a rabbit model of acute hemorrhage. Anesthesiology 122:387-398, 2015
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19) Irwin MG, Gan TJ:Volume therapy with hydroxyethyl starches:are we throwing the anesthesia baby out with the intensive care unit bathwater? Anesth Analg 119:737-739, 2014
20) Raghunathan K, Miller TE, Shaw AD:Intravenous starches:is suspension the best solution? Anesth Analg 119:731-736, 2014
21) O'Neal JB, Shaw AD:Goal-directed therapy:what we know and what we need to know. Perioper Med(Lond)4:1, 2015

21. 全静脈麻酔 ( TIVA ) , 鎮静 ( MAC )

P.131 掲載の参考文献
1) Wu ZF, Jian GS, Lee MS et al:An analysis of anesthesia-controlled operating room time after propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia compared with desflurane anesthesia in ophthalmic surgery:a retrospective study. Anesth Analg 119:1393-1406, 2014
2) Kim YS, Lim BG, Kim H et al:Effects of propofol or desflurane on post-operative spirometry in elderly after knee surgery:a double-blind randomised study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 59:788-795, 2015
3) Lee WK, Kim MS, Kang SW et al:Type of anaesthesia and patient quality of recovery:a randomized trial comparing propofol-remifentanil total i. v. anaesthesia with desflurane anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 114:663-668, 2015
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4) Landoni G, Guarracino F, Cariello C et al:Volatile compared with total intravenous anaesthesia in patients undergoing highrisk cardiac surgery:a randomized multicentre study. Br J Anaesth 113:955-963, 2014
5) Picton P, Dering A, Alexander A et al:Influence of ventilation strategies and anesthetic techniques on regional cerebral oximetry in the beach chair position:a prospective interventional study with a randomized comparison of two anesthetics. Anesthesiology 123:765-774, 2015
6) Costi D, Ellwood J, Wallace A et al:Transition to propofol after sevoflurane anesthesia to prevent emergence agitation:a randomized controlled trial. Paediatr Anaesth 25:517-523, 2015
8) Kim HS, Byon HJ, Kim JE et al:Appropriate dose of dexmedetomidine for the prevention of emergence agitation after desflurane anesthesia for tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy in children:up and down sequential allocation. BMC Anesthesiol 15:79, 2015
9) Park YH, Chung EJ, Lee JH et al:Determination of the 95% effective dose of remifentanil for the prevention of coughing during extubation in children undergoing tonsillectomy (with or without adenoidectomy). Paediatr Anaesth 25:567-572, 2015
10) Heard C, Harutunians M, Houck J et al:Propofol anesthesia for children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging:a comparison with isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and a laryngeal mask airway. Anesth Analg 120:157-164, 2015
11) Tug A, Hanci A, Turk HS et al:Comparison of two different intranasal doses of dexmedetomidine in children for magnetic resonance imaging sedation. Paediatr Drugs 2015(Sep 1)[Epub ahead of print]
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12) Gopalakrishna KN, Dash PK, Chatterjee N et al:Dexmedetomidine as an anesthetic adjuvant in patients undergoing transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumor. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 27:209-215, 2015
13) Song J, Ji Q, Sun Q et al:The Opioidsparing effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion after craniotomy. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2015(Apr 30)[Epub ahead of print]
14) Lee JS, Choi SH, Kang YR et al:Efficacy of a single dose of dexmedetomidine for cough suppression during anesthetic emergence:a randomized controlled trial. Can J Anaesth 62:392-398, 2015
16) Sun Y, Liu C, Zhang Y et al:Low-dose intramuscular dexmedetomidine as premedication:a randomized controlled trial. Med Sci Monit 20:2714-2719, 2014
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17) Fares KM, Othman AH, Alieldin NH:Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine added to caudal bupivacaine in pediatric major abdominal cancer surgery. Pain Physician 17:393-400, 2014
18) Mohamed SA, Fares KM, Mohamed AA et al:Dexmedetomidine as an adjunctive analgesic with bupivacaine in paravertebral analgesia for breast cancer surgery. Pain Physician 17:E589-E598, 2014
19) Fares KM, Mohamed SA, Abd El-Rahman AM et al:Efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, a randomized trial. Pain Med 16:1186-1194, 2015
20) Wu Y, Zhang Y, Hu X et al:A comparison of propofol vs. dexmedetomidine for sedation, haemodynamic control and satisfaction, during esophagogastroduodenoscopy under conscious sedation. J Clin Pharm Ther 40:419-425, 2015
21) Sriganesh K, Reddy M, Jena S et al:A comparative study of dexmedetomidine and propofol as sole sedative agents for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography. J Anesth 29:409-415, 2015
22) Bishnoi V, Kumar B, Bhagat H et al:Comparison of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam-fentanyl combination for monitored anesthesia care during burr-hole surgery for chronic subdural hematoma. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2015(May 15)[Epub ahead of print]
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24) Panchatsharam S, Callaghan M, Day R et al:Measured versus predicted blood propofol concentrations in children during scoliosis surgery. Anesth Analg 119:1150-1157, 2014
25) Su F, Gastonguay MR, Nicolson SC et al:Dexmedetomidine pharmacology in neonates and infants after open heart surgery. Anesth Analg 2015(Jul 27)[Epub ahead of print]
26) Puri GD, Mathew PJ, Biswas I et al:A multicenter evaluation of a closed-loop anesthesia delivery system:a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg 2015 (Apr 21)[Epub ahead of print]
27) Orliaguet GA, Benabbes Lambert F, Chazot T et al:Feasibility of closed-loop titration of propofol and remifentanil guided by the bispectral monitor in pediatric and adolescent patients:a prospective randomized study. Anesthesiology 122:759-767, 2015
28) Liu N, Lory C, Assenzo V et al:Feasibility of closed-loop co-administration of propofol and remifentanil guided by the bispectral index in obese patients:a prospective cohort comparison. Br J Anaesth 114:605-614, 2015

22. 手術室危機管理・安全対策

P.136 掲載の参考文献
1) Shambo L, Umadhay T, Pedoto A:Music in the operating room:Is it a safety hazard? AANA Journal 83:43-48, 2015
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2) Birgand G, Saliou P, Lucet JC:Influence of staff behavior on infectious risk in operating rooms:What is the evidence? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 36:93-106, 2015
3) Simon FE, Aij KH, Widdershoven G et al:Patient safety in the operating theatre:how A3 thinking can help reduce door movement. Int J Qual Health Care 26:366-371, 2014
4) Pada S, Perl TM:Operating room myths:what is the evidence for common practices. Current opinion in infectious diseases. Curr Opin Infect Dis 28:369-374, 2015
5) Mehta SP, Bhananker SM, Posner KL et al:Operating room fires:a closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology 118:1133-1139, 2013
6) William CC Jr, Bradly AK, Sarah L et al:Operating room fire prevention:creating an electrosurgical unit fire safety device. Ann Surg 260:214-217, 2014
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7) Parvin L, Ghasem S, Mahboobeh L et al:Sharps injuries in the operating room. Environ Health Prev Med 19:348-353, 2014
8) Estock JL, Murray AW, Mizah MT et al:Label design affects medication safety in an operating room crisis:a controlled simulation study. J Patient Saf 2015 (Mar 7) [Epub ahead of print]
9) Jelacic S, Bowdle A, Nair BG et al:A system for anesthesia drug administration using barcode technology:The Codonics Safe Label System and Smart Anesthesia Manager(TM). Anesth Analg 121:410-421, 2015
10) Shaw RE, Litman RS:Medication safety in the operating room:a survey of preparation methods and drug concentration consistencies in children's hospitals in the United States. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 40:471-475, 2014
11) Gawande AA, Zinner MJ, Studdert DM et al:Analysis of errors reported by surgeons at three teaching hospitals. Surgery 133:614-621, 2003
12) Choromanskia D, Frederickb J, Mckelveyc GM et al:Intraoperative patient information handover between anesthesia providers. J Biomed Res 28:383-387, 2014
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13) Bould MD, Sutherland S, Sydor DT et al:Residents' reluctance to challenge negative hierarchy in the operating room:a qualitative study. Can J Anaesth 62:576-586, 2015
14) Tan SB, Pena G, Altree M et al:Multidisciplinary team simulation for the operating theatre:a review of the literature. ANZ J Surg 84:515-522, 2014
15) Goldberg A, Silverman E, Samuelson S et al:Learning through simulated independent practice leads to better future performance in a simulated crisis than learning through simulated supervised practice. Br J Anaesth 114:794-800, 2015
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16) Braham DL, Richardson AL, Malik IS:Application of the WHO surgical safety checklist outside the operating theatre:medicine can learn from surgery. Clin Med 14:468-474, 2014

23. 硬膜外麻酔と脊髄くも膜下麻酔

P.141 掲載の参考文献
1) Guay J, Choi PT, Suresh S et al:Neuraxial anesthesia for the prevention of postoperative mortality and major morbidity:An overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. Anesth Analg 119:716-725, 2014
2) Kooji FO, Schlack WS, Preckel B et al:Does regional analgesia for major surgery improve outcome? Focus on epidural analgesia. Anesth Analg 119:740-744, 2014
3) Memtsoudis SG:Liu SS:Do neuraxial techniques affect perioperative outcomes? The story of vantage points and number games. Anesth Analg 119:501-502, 2014
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4) Chu CC, Weng SF, Chen KT et al:Propensity score-matched comparison of postoperative adverse outcomes between geriatric patients given a general or a neuraxial anesthetic for hip surgery. A population-based study. Anesthesiology 123:136-147, 2015
5) Hausman MS, Jewell ES, Engoren M:Regional versus general anesthesia in surgical patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:Does avoiding general anesthesia reduce the risk of postoperative complication? Anesth Analg 120:1405-1412, 2015
6) Hubner M, Blanc C, Roulin D et al:Randomized clinical trial on epidural versus patient-controlled analgesia for laparoscopic colorectal surgery within an enhanced recovery pathway. Ann Surg 261:648-653, 2015
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7) Sprung J, Scavonetto F, Yeoh Y et al:Outcome after radical prostatectomy for cancer:a comparison between general anesthesia and epidural anesthesia with fentanyl analgesia:a matched cohort study. Anesth Analg 119:850-866, 2014
8) Tawfik MM, Hayes SM, Jacoub FY et al:Comparison between colloid preload and crystalloid co-load in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia:a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obst Anesth 23;317-323, 2014
9) Mercier FJ, Diemunsch P, Ducloy-Bouthors AS et al:6% hydroxyethyl starch(130/0.4) vs Ringer's lactate preloading before spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery:the randomized, double-blind, multicenter CAESAR trial. Br J Anaesth 113:459-467, 2014
10) Ngan Kee WD, Lee SWY, Ng FF et al:Randomized double-blinded comparison of norepinephreine and phenylephrine for maintenance of blood pressure during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology 122:736-745, 2015
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11) Youssef N, Oriov D, Alie T et al:What epidural opioids results in the best analgesia outcomes and fewer side effects after surgery?:A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesth Analg 119:965-977, 2014
12) Xiang Y, Chen C, Chen H et al:The effect of epidural lidocaine administration on sedation of propofol general anesthesia:a randomized trial. J Clin Anesth 26:523-529, 2014
13) Liang C, Ding M, Du F et al:Sevoflurane/propofol coadministration provides better recovery than sevoflurane in combined general/epidural anesthesia:a randomized clinical trial. J Anesth 28:721-726, 2014
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14) Wink J, Veering BT, Aarts LP et al:Effect of increasing age on the haemodynamic response to thoracic epidural anaesthesia. An observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 31:597-605, 2014
15) Gottschalk A, RinkB, Smektala R et al:Spinal anesthesia protects against perioperative hyperglycemia in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. J Clin Anesth 26:455-460, 2014
16) Milosavljevic SB, Pavlovic AP, Trpkovic SV et al:Influence of spinal and general anesthesia on the metabolic, hormonal, and hemodynamic response in elective surgery. Med Sci Monit 20:1833-1840, 2014
17) Herrera R, Andres JD, Estan L et al:Hemodynamic impact of isobaric levobupivacaine versus hyperbaric bupivacaine for subarachnoid anesthesia in patients aged 65 and older undergoing hip surgery. BMC Anesthesiology 14:97-107, 2014
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18) Pace M, Koury K, Gulur P:Epidurals in patients receiving thromboprophylaxis with unfrationated heparin three times a day:the value of activated partial thromboplastin time testing. Anesth Analg 119:1215-1218, 2014
19) Narouze S, Benzo HT, Provenzano D et al:Interventional spine and pain procedures in patients on antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications. Guidelines from the American society of regional anesthesia and pain medicine, the European society of regional anesthesia and pain therapy, the American academy of pain medicine, the international neuromodulation society, the north American neuromodulation society, and the world institute of pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:182-212, 2015
20) Bomberg H, Kubulus C, List F et al:Diabetes. A risk factor for catheterassociated infection. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:16-21, 2015
21) Siddiqul N, Davies S, McGeer A et al:The effect of gowning on labor epidural catheter colonization rate. A randomized controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 39:520-524, 2014

24. 小児麻酔

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1) Apgar V:A Proposal for a New Method of Evaluation of the Newborn Infant. Originally published in July 1953, volume 32, pages 250-259. Anesth Analg 120:1056-1059, 2015
2) Jagannathan N, Ramsey MA, White MC et al:An update on newer pediatric supraglottic airways with recommendations for clinical use. Pediatric Anesthesia 25:334-345, 2015
3) Kim MS, Lee JH, Han SW et al:A randomized comparison of the i-gel(TM) with the self- pressurized air-Q(TM) intubating laryngeal airway in children. Pediatric Anesthesia 25:405-412, 2015
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4) Fiadjoe JE, Hirschfeld M, Wu S et al:A randomized multi-institutional crossover comparison of the GlideScope(R) Cobalt Video laryngoscope to the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope in a Pierre Robin manikin. Pediatric Anesthesia 25:801-806, 2015
5) Fujii M, Tachibana K, Takeuchi T:Perioperative management of 19 infants undergoing glossopexy(tongue-lip adhesion)procedure:a retrospective study. Pediatric Anesthesia 25:829-83
6) Park YH, Lee JH, Byon HJ:Transthoracic echocardiographic guidance for obtaining an optimal insertion length of internal jugular venous catheters in infants. Pediatric Anesthesia 24:927-932, 2014
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7) Kim J, Kim JY, KimWO et al:An ultrasound evaluation of laryngeal mask airway position in pediatric patients:an observational study. Anesth Analg 120:427-432, 2015
8) Spencer AO, Walker AM, Yeung AK et al:Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in the fasted pediatric patient undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy:development of a predictive model using endoscopically suctioned volumes. Pediatric Anesthesia 25:301-308, 2015
9) Jolley M, Colan SD, Rhodes J et al:Fontan physiology revisited. Anesth Analg 121:172-182, 2015
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10) Brown ML, DiNardo JA, Odegard KC:Patients with single ventricle physiology undergoing noncardiac surgery are at high risk for adverse events. Pediatric Anesthesia 25:846-851, 2015
11) Afshani N, Simone Schulein S, Biccard BM et al:Clinical utility of B-type natriuretic peptide(NP)in pediatric cardiac surgery-a systematic review. Pediatric Anesthesia 25:115-126, 2015
12) Guzzetta NA, Allen NN, Wilson EC et al:Excessive postoperative bleeding and outcomes in neonates undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg 120:405-410, 2015
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13) Eaton MP, Alfieris GM, Sweeney DM et al:Pharmacokinetics of ε-Aminocaproic Acid in Neonates Undergoing Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Anesthesiology 122:1002-1009, 2015
14) Wesley MC, Pereira LM, Scharp LA et al:Pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid in neonates, infants, and children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 122:746-758, 2015
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16) Taenzer A, Walker BJ, Bosenberg AT et al:Interscalene brachial plexus blocks under general anesthesia in children:is this safe practice?:A report from the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network(PRAN). Reg Anesth Pain Med 39:502-505, 2014
17) Flack SH, Martin LD, Walker BJ et al:Ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block or wound infiltration in children:a randomized blinded study of analgesia and bupivacaine absorption. Pediatric Anesthesia 24:968-973, 2014
18) Franklin AD, Lorinc AN, Shotwell MS:Evaluation of the skin to epidural and subarachnoid space distance in young children using magnetic resonance imaging. Reg Anesth Pain Med 40:245-248, 2015
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19) Ge X, Tao JR, Wang J et al:Bayesian estimation on diagnostic performance of Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale for infant pain assessment in the absence of a gold standard. Pediatric Anesthesia 25:834-839, 2015
20) Lundeberg S:Pain in children-are we accomplishing the optimal pain treatment? Pediatric Anesthesia 25:83-92, 2015
21) Zernikow B, Wager J, Brehmer H et al:Invasive treatments for complex regional pain syndrome in children and adolescents. A scoping review. Anesthesiology 122:699-707, 2015
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22) Williams RK, Black IH, Howard DB et al:Cognitive outcome after spinal anesthesia and surgery during infancy. Anesth Analg 119:651-660, 2014
23) Beers SR, Rofey DL, McIntyre KA et al:Neurodevelopmental assessment after anesthesia in childhood:review of the literature and recommendations. Anesth Analg 119:661-669, 2014
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24) Andersson H, Zaren B, Frykholm P:Low incidence of pulmonary aspiration in children allowed intake of clear fluids until called to the operating suite. Pediatric Anesthesia 25:770-777, 2015
25) Scrimgeour GE, Leather NWF, Perry RS:Gas induction for pyloromyotomy. Pediatric Anesthesia 25:677-680, 2015
26) Nakayama R, Mihara T, Miyamoto Y:The association of hypotension with the insertion of an abdominal retractor during lower abdominal surgery in pediatric patients:a retrospective observational study. Pediatric Anesthesia 25:824-828, 2015
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27) Salazar JH, Yang J, Shen L et al:Pediatric malignant hyperthermia:risk factors, morbidity, and mortality identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and Kids' Inpatient Database. Pediatric Anesthesia 24:1212-1216, 2014
28) Costi D, Ellwood J, Wallace A et al:Transition to propofol after sevoflurane anesthesia to prevent emergence agitation:a randomized controlled trial. Pediatric Anesthesia 25:517-523, 2015
29) Michelet D, Arslan O, Hilly J et al:Intraoperative changes in blood pressure associated with cerebral desaturation in infants. Pediatric Anesthesia 25:681-688, 2015
30) Bester K:The syndromic child and anaesthesia. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 20:197-201, 2014

25. 高齢者麻酔

P.157 掲載の参考文献
1) Lee SM, Takemoto S, Wallace AW:Association between withholding angiotensin receptor blockers in the early postoperative period and 30-day mortality a cohort study of the veterans affairs healthcare system. Anesthesiology 123:288-306, 2015
2) Douketis JD, Spyropoulos AC, Kaatz S et al:Perioperative bridging anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 373:823-833, 2015
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3) Mauri L, Kerejakes DJ, Yeh RW et al:Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med 371:2155-2166, 2014
4) Lee SM, Landry J, Jones PM et al:Longterm quit rates after a perioperative smoking cessation randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg 120:582-587, 2015
5) D'Angelo OM, Diaz-Gil D, Nunn D et al:Anesthesia and increased hypercarbic drive impair the coordination between breathing and swallowing. Anesthesiology 121:1175-1183, 2014
6) Gao W, Liu D-D, Cui G-x:Effect of therapeutic hypercapnia on inflammatory responses to one-lung ventilation in lobectomy patients. Anesthesiology 122:1235-1252, 2015
7) Neto AS, Hemmes SNT, Barbas CS et al:Protective versus conventional ventilation for surgery:a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Anesthesiology 123:66-68, 2015
8) Nagappa M, Mokhlesi B, Wong J et al:The effects of continuous positive airway pressure on postoperative outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea patients undergoing surgery:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 120:1013-1023, 2015
9) Cowie MR, Woehrle H, Wegscheider K et al:Adaptive servoventilation for central sleep apnea in systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 373:1095-1105, 2015
P.159 掲載の参考文献
10) Dutton RP, Lee AL, Stephens LS et al:Massive hemorrhage a report from the anesthesia closed claims project. Anesthesiology 121:450-458, 2014
11) Practice Guidelines for Perioperative Blood management an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists task force on perioperative blood management. Anesthesiology 122:241-275, 2015
12) Koster A, Faraoni D, Levy JH:Antifibrinolytic therapy for cardiac surgery:an update. Anesthesiology 123:214-221, 2015
13) Sun Z, Honar H, Sessler DI et al:Intraoperative core temperature patterns, transfusion requirement, and hospital duration in patients warmed with forced air. Anesthesiology 122:276-285, 2015
14) Clifford L, Jia Q, Subramarian A et al:Characterizing the epidemiology of postoperative transfusion-related acute lung injury. Anesthesiology 122:12-20, 2015
15) Clifford L, Jia Q, Yadav H et al:Characterizing the epidemiology of perioperative transfusion-associated circulatory overload. Anesthesiology 122:21-28, 2015
16) Frank SM, Oleyar MJ, Ness PM et al:Reducing unnecessary preoperative blood orders and costs by implementing an updated institution-specific maximum surgical blood order schedule and a remote electronic blood release system. Anesthesiology 121:501-509, 2014
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17) Scott AV, Stonemetz JL, Wasey JO et al:Compliance with surgical care improvement project for body temperature management (SCIP Inf-10) is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Anesthesiology 123:116-125, 2015
18) Monk T, Bronsert MR, Henderson WG et al:Association between intraoperative hypotension and hypertension and 30-day postoperative mortality in noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 123:307-319, 2015
19) Saager L, Hesler BD, You J et al:Intraoperative transitions of anesthesia care and postoperative adverse outcomes. Anesthesiology 121:695-706, 2014
20) Hirsh J, DePalma G, Tsai TT et al:Impact of intraoperative hypotension and blood pressure fluctuations on early postoperative delirium after non-cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 115:418-426, 2015
22) Gottschalk A, Hubbs J, Vikani AR et al:The impact of incident postoperative delirium on survival of elderly patients after surgery for hip fracture repair. Anesth Analg 2015[Epub ahead of print]
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23) Montes A, Roca G, Sabate S et al:Genetic and clinical factors associated with chronic postsurgical pain after hernia repair, hysterectomy, and thoracotomy:a two-year multicenter cohort study. Anesthesiology 122:1123-1141, 2015
24) Lee LA, Caplan RA, Stephens LS et al:Postoperative opioid-induced respiratory depression a closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology 122:659-695, 2015
25) McLean DJ, Diaz-Gil D, Farhan HN et al:Dose-dependent association between intermediate-acting neuromuscular-blocking agents and postoperative respiratory complications. Anesthesiology 122:1201-1213, 2015

26. 緊急手術の麻酔

P.162 掲載の参考文献
1) Dutton RP, Lee LA, Stephens LS et al:Massive hemorrhage:a report from the anesthesia closed claims project. Anesthesiology 121:450-458, 2014
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2) Bansch P, Statkevicius S, Bentzer P:Plasma volume expansion with 5% albumin compared to Ringe's acetate during normal and increased microvascular permeability in the rat. Anesthesiology 121:817-824, 2014
3) Kashy BK, Podolyak A, Makarova N et al:Effect of hydroxyethyl starch on postoperative kidney function in patients having noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 121:730-739, 2014
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5) Harrois A, Baudry N, Huet O et al:Norepinephrine decreases fluid requirements and blood loss while preserving intestinal villi microcirculation during fluid resuscitation of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in mice. Anesthesiology 122:1093-1102, 2015
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6) Currigan DA, Hughes RJ, Wright CE et al:Vasoconstrictor responses to vasopressor agents in human pulmonary and radial arteries:an in vitro study. Anesthesiology 121:930-936, 2014
7) Hausman MS Jr, Jewell ES, Engoren M:Regional versus general anesthesia in surgical patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:does avoiding general anesthesia reduce the risk of postoperative complications? Anesth Analg 120:1405-1412, 2015

27. 産科麻酔

P.166 掲載の参考文献
1) Main EK, Goffman D, Scavone BM et al:National Partnership for Maternal Safety:consensus bundle on obstetric hemorrhage. Anesth Analg 121:142-148, 2015
2) Scavone BM, Main EK:The National Partnership for Maternal Safety:a call to action for anesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 121:14-16, 2015
3) Kacmar RM, Mhyre JM, Scavone BM et al:The use of postpartum hemorrhage protocols in United States academic obstetric anesthesia units. Anesth Analg 119:906-910, 2014
P.167 掲載の参考文献
4) Mallaiah S, Barclay P, Harrod I et al:Introduction of an algorithm for ROTEMguided fibrinogen concentrate administration in major obstetric haemorrhage. Anaesthesia 70:166-175, 2015
5) Aawar N, Alikhan R, Bruynseels D et al:Fibrinogen concentrate versus placebo for treatment of postpartum haemorrhage:study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 16:169, 2015
6) Martin E, Legendre G, Bouet PE et al:Maternal outcomes after uterine balloon tamponade for postpartum hemorrhage. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 94:399-404, 2015
7) Ruys TP, Roos-Hesselink JW, PijuanDomenech A et al:Is a planned caesarean section in women with cardiac disease beneficial? Heart 101:530-536, 2015
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8) O'Brien LM, Bullough AS, Chames MC et al:Hypertension, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnoea during pregnancy:a cohort study. BJOG 121:1685-1693, 2014
9) Arzola C, Cubillos J, Perlas A et al:Interrater reliability of qualitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content in the third trimester of pregnancy. Br J Anaesth 113:1018-1023, 2014
10) Ngan Kee WD, Lee SW, Ng FF et al:Randomized double-blinded comparison of norepinephrine and phenylephrine for maintenance of blood pressure during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology 122:736-745, 2015
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11) Lee J, Lee J, Ko S:The relationship between serum progesterone concentration and anesthetic and analgesic requirements:a prospective observational study of parturients undergoing cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg 119:901-905, 2014
12) Ranganathan P, Golfeiz C, Phelps AL et al:Chronic headache and backache are longterm sequelae of unintentional dural puncture in the obstetric population. J Clin Anesth 27:201-206, 2015
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13) Siddiqui NT, Davies S, McGeer A et al:The effect of gowning on labor epidural catheter colonization rate:a randomized controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 39:520-524, 2014
14) Craig MG, Grant EN, Tao W et al:A randomized control trial of bupivacaine and fentanyl versus fentanyl-only for epidural analgesia during the second stage of labor. Anesthesiology 122:172-177, 2015
15) Grotegut CA, Kuklina EV, Anstrom KJ et al:Factors associated with the change in prevalence of cardiomyopathy at delivery in the period 2000-2009:a population-based prevalence study. BJOG 121:1386-1394, 2014
16) Dennis AT:Heart failure in pregnant women:is it peripartum cardiomyopathy? Anesth Analg 120:638-643, 2015

28. 内視鏡手術の麻酔

P.171 掲載の参考文献
1) Sugihara T, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H et al:Robot-assisted versus other types of radical prostatectomy:Population-based safety and cost comparison in Japan, 2012-2013. Cancer Sci 105:1421-1426, 2014
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2) Singh Y, Singh AP, Jain G et al:Comparative evaluation of cost effectiveness and recovery profile between propofol and sevoflurane in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anesth Essays Res 9:155-160, 2015
3) Kokulu S, Baki ED, Kacar E et al:Effect of transversus abdominis plane block on cost of laparoscopic cholecystectomy anesthesia. Med Sci Monit 20:2783-2787, 2014
4) Taketani Y, Mayama C, Suzuki N et al:Transient but significant visual field defects after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in deep Trendelenburg position. PLoS One 2015(Apr 23)doi:10.1371//joumal.pone.0123361
5) Kim NY, Yoo YC, Park H et al:The effect of dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure increase in patients during robotassisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in the steep Trendelenburg position. J Endourol 29:310-316, 2015
6) Raz O, Boesel TW, Arianayagam M et al:The effect of the modified Z Trendelenburg position on intraocular pressure during robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy:a randomized, controlled study. J Urol 193:1213-1219, 2015
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7) Kumagai M, Ogawa S, Doe A et al:Cerebral oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy and jugular vein oxygen saturation during robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy under total intravenous anaesthesia. Int J Med Robot 2014(Oct 21)[Epub ahead of print]
8) Cohen A, Ledezma-Rojas R, Mhoon E et al:Bloody otorrhea after robotically assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Urol 22:7834-7835, 2015
9) Saito J, Noguchi S, Matsumoto A et al:Impact of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy on the management of general anesthesia:efficacy of blood withdrawal during a steep Trendelenburg position. J Anesth 29:487-491, 2015
10) Fasse MA, Lindgren BW, Frainey BT et al:Perioperative effects of caudal and trasversus abdominis plane (TAP)blocks for children undergoing urologic robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. J Pediatr Urol 11:121. el-121. e7, 2015
11) Naira VM, Kovesi T, Guerra L et al:The impact of pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg positioning on respiratory system mechanics during laparoscopic pelvic surgery in children:a prospective observational study. Can J Anaesth 62:798-806, 2015
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12) Turner TB, Habib AS, Broadwater G et al:Postoperative pain and narcotic use in robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer staging. J Minim Intensive Gynecol 22:1004-1010, 2015
13) Somaini M, Brambillasca P, Ingelmo PM et al:Effects of peritoneal ropivacaine nebulization for pain control after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 21:863-869, 2014
14) Poso T, Winso O, Aroch R et al:Perioperative fluid guidance with transthoracic echocardiography and pulse-contour device in morbidly obese patients. Obes Surg 24:2117-2125, 2014
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15) Turan A, You J, Egan C et al:Relationship between chronic intermittent hypoxia and intraoperative mean arterial pressure in obstructive sleep apnea patients having laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Anesthesiology 122:64-71, 2015
16) Weingarten TN, Hawkins NM, Beam WB et al:Factors associated with prolonged anesthesia recovery following laparoscopic bariatric surgery:a retrospective analysis. Obes Surg 25:1024-1030, 2015
17) Fernandes A, Ettinger J, Amaral F et al:General anesthesia type dose not influence serum levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin during the perioperative period in video laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Clinics 69:655-659, 2014
18) Castro Jr DS, Leao P, Borges S et al:Sugammadex reduce postoperative pain after laparoscopic bariatric surgery:a randomized trial. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 24:420-423, 2014

29. 日帰り手術の麻酔

P.176 掲載の参考文献
1) American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea:Practice guidelines for the perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists task force on perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology 120:268-286, 2014
2) Stierer TL, Collop NA:Perioperative assessment and management for sleep apnea in the ambulatory surgical patient. Chest 148:559-565, 2015
3) Ishman SL, Tawfik KO, Smith DF et al:Screening for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea before ambulatory surgery. J Clin Sleep Med 11:751-755, 2015
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5) White PF, Elvir-Lazo OL, Zaentz AS et al:Does small-dose fentanyl improve perioperative outcomes in the ambulatory setting? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 59:56-64, 2015
6) Marhofer P, Anderl W, Heuberer P et al:A retrospective analysis of 509 consecutive interscalene catheter insertions for ambulatory surgery. Anaesthesia 70:41-46, 2015
7) Saporito A, Sturini E, Borgeat A et al:The effect of continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block on unplanned postoperative visits and readmissions after foot surgery-a randomised, controlled study comparing day-care and inpatient management. Anaesthesia 69:1197-1205, 2014
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8) Kumar G, Stendall C, Mistry R et al:A comparison of total intravenous anaesthesia using propofol with sevoflurane or desflurane in ambulatory surgery:systematic review and meta-analysis. Anaesthesia 69:1138-1150, 2014
9) Heard C, Harutunians M, Houck J et al:Propofol anesthesia for children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging:a comparison with isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and a laryngeal mask airway. Anesth Analg 120:157-164, 2015
10) Obrink E, Jildenstal P, Oddby E et al:Post-operative nausea and vomiting:update on predicting the probability and ways to minimize its occurrence, with focus on ambulatory surgery. Int J Surg 15:100-106, 2015
11) Zhang Q, Gao Z, Wang H et al:The effect of pre-treatment with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on the quality of recovery after ambulatory breast surgery:a prospective, randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia 69:832-839, 2014
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12) Aderibigbe T, Lang BH, Rosenberg H et al:Cost-effectiveness analysis of stocking dantrolene in ambulatory surgery centers for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia. Anesthesiology 120:1333-1338, 2014
13) Moncel JB, Nardi N, Wodey E et al:Evaluation of the pediatric post anesthesia discharge scoring system in an ambulatory surgery unit. Paediatr Anaesth 25:636-641, 2015
14) Kain ZN, Fortier MA, Chorney JM et al:Web-based tailored intervention for preparation of parents and children for outpatient surgery(WebTIPS):development. Anesth Analg 120:905-914, 2015
15) Fortier MA, Bunzli E, Walthall J et al:Web-based tailored intervention for preparation of parents and children for outpatient surgery(WebTIPS):formative evaluation and randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg 120:915-922, 2015

30. 心臓・大血管手術の麻酔

P.180 掲載の参考文献
1) Mack MJ, Leon MB, Smith CR et al:5-year outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement or surgical aortic valve replacement for high surgical risk patients with aortic stenosis(PARTNER 1):a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 385:2477-2484, 2015
2) Kapadia SR, Leon MB, Makkar RR et al:5-year outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement compared with standard treatment for patients with inoperable aortic stenosis(PARTNER 1):a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 385:2485-2491, 2015
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3) Klein AA, Skubas NJ, Ender J:Controversies and complications in the perioperative management of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Anesth Analg 119:784-798, 2014
4) Nielsen DV, Hansen MK, Johnsen SP et al:Health outcomes with and without use of inotropic therapy in cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 120:1098-1108, 2014
5) Houlind K, Fenger-Gron M, Holme SJ et al:Graft patency after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery is inferior even with identical heparinization protocols:Results from the Danish On-pump Randomization Study(DOORS). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 148:1812-1819, 2014
6) Kortekaas KA, Baan Avd, Aarts LPHJ et al:Cardiospecific sevoflurane treatment quenches inflammation but does not attenuate myocardial cell damage markers:a proof-of-concept study in patients undergoing mitral valve repair. BJA 112:1005-1014, 2014
7) Schoe A, Schippers EF, Ebmeyer S et al:Predicting mortality and morbidity after elective cardiac surgery using vasoactive and inflammatory biomarkers with and without the EuroSCORE Model. Chest 146:1310-1317, 2014
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8) Shiomi M, Miyamae M, Takemura G et al:Sevoflurane induces cardioprotection through reactive oxygen species-mediated upregulation of autophagy in isolated guinea pig hearts. J Anesth 28:593-600, 2014
9) Schallner N, Ulbrich F, Engelstaedter H et al:Isoflurane but not sevoflurane or desflurane aggravates injury to neurons in vitro and in vivo via p75 NTR-NF-κB activation. Anesth Analg 119:1429-1441, 2014
10) Freeman KA, Fullerton DA, Foley LS et al:Spinal cord protection via alpha-2 agonistmediated increase in glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor:J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 149:578-584, 2015
11) Ryden L, Sartipy U, Evans M et al:Acute kidney injury after coronary artery bypass grafting and long-term risk of end-stage renal disease. Circulation 2:2005-2011, 2014
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12) Li SY, Chuang CL, Yang WC et al:Proteinuria predicts postcardiotomy acute kidney injury in patients with preserved glomerular filtration rate. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 149:894-899, 2015
13) Bailey M, McGuinness S, Haase M et al:Sodium bicarbonate and renal function after cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 122:294-306, 2015
14) Wijeysundera DN, Parikh CR et al:Sodium bicarbonate for kidney protection in cardiac surgery. demise of yet another magic bullet? Anesthesiology 122:233-235, 2015
15) Cai J, Xu R, Yu X et al:Volatile anesthetics in preventing acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery:A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 148:3127-3136, 2014
16) Andersen ND:Volatile anesthetics in cardiac surgery:Renoprotective, cardioprotective, neither, or both? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 148:3137-3138, 2014
17) Brown IV CH, Neufeld KJ, Needham DM:Delirium, steroids, and cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 119:1011-1013, 2014
18) Ottens TH, Dieleman JM, Sauer AMC et al:Effects of dexamethasone on cognitive decline after cardiac surgery-A randomized clinical trial. Anesthesiology:121:492-500, 2014
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19) Sauer AMC, Slooter AJC, Veldhuijzen DS et al:Intraoperative dexamethasone and delirium after cardiac surgery:A randomized Clinical trial. Anesth Analg 119:1046-1052, 2014
20) Sabe AA, Dalal RS, Chu LM et al:Preoperative gene expression may be associated with neurognitive decline after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 149:613-623, 2015
21) Mannacio V, Meier P, Antignano A et al:Continuative statin therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention improves outcome in coronary bypass surgery:A propensity score analysis of 2501 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 148:1876-1883, 2014
22) Lazar HL:Failure to initiate statin therapy during and after percutaneous coronary interventions negatively affects coronary artery bypass graft outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 148:2014-1886, 2014
23) Freedman JE, Gersh BJ:Atrial fibrillation and stroke prevention in aging patients:What's good can be even better. Circulation 130:129-131, 2014
24) Al-Shaar L, Schwann TA, Kabour A et al:Increased late mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery complicated by isolated new-onset atrial fibrillation A comprehensive propensity-matched analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 148:1860-1868, 2014
25) Sakamoto A, Hamasaki T, Kitakaze M:Perioperative landiolol administration reduces atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery:A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Adv Ther 31:440-450, 2014

31. 小児心臓手術の麻酔

P.185 掲載の参考文献
1) Kanazawa T, Egi M, Shimizu K et al:Intraoperative change of lactate level is associated with postoperative outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery patients:retrospective observational study. BMC Anesthesiology 15:29-34, 2015
2) Rubin S, Ghuman A, Deakers T et al:Effort of breathing in children receiving high-flow nasal cannula. Pediatr Crit Care Med 15:1-6, 2014
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3) Wraight TI, Ganu SS:High-flow nasal cannula use in a paediatric intensive care unit over 3 years. Crit Care Resusc 17:197-201, 2015
4) Houtekie L, Moerman D, Bourleau A et al:Feasibility study on neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in noninvasive ventilation after cardiac surgery in infants. Respir Care 60:1007-1014, 2015
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5) Mazine A, Rached-D'Astous S, Ducruet T et al; Pediatric acute lung injury and sepsis investigators network:Blood transfusions after pediatric cardiac operations:A North American Multicenter Prospective Study. Ann Thorac Surg 100:671-677, 2015
6) Demaret P, Tucci M, Karam O et al:Clinical outcomes associated with RBC transfusions in critically ill children:A 1-year prospective study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 16:505-514, 2015
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7) Guzzetta NA, Allen NN, Wilson EC et al:Excessive postoperative bleeding and outcomes in neonates undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg 120:405-410, 2015
8) Willems A, Van Lerberghe C, Gonsette K et al:The indication for perioperative red blood cell transfusions is a predictive risk factor for severe postoperative morbidity and mortality in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 45:1050-1057, 2014
9) Miletic KG, Spiering TJ, Delius RE et al:Use of a novel vasoactive-ventilation-renal score to predict outcomes after paediatric cardiac surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 20:289-295, 2015
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10) Radman M, Keller RL, Oishi P et al:Preoperative B-type natriuretic peptide levels are associated with outcome after total cavopulmonary connection(Fontan). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 148:212-219, 2014
11) Hornik CP, Krawczeski CD Zappitelli M et al:Serum brain natriuretic peptide and risk of acute kidney injury after cardiac operations in children. Ann Thorac Surg 97:2142-2147, 2014
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12) Malik S, Bird TM, Jaquiss RD et al:Comparison of in-hospital and longer-term outcomes of hybrid and Norwood stage 1 palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 150:474-480, 2015
13) Murphy MO, Bellsham-Revell H, Morgan GJ et al:Hybrid procedure for neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome at high-risk for norwood:Midterm outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg Sep 30:1135-1132, 2015
14) Arai S, Fujii Y, Kotani Y et al:Surgical outcome of hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact atrial septum. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 23:1034-1038, 2015

32. 脳外科の麻酔

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3) Malcharek MJ, Loeffler S, Schiefer D et al:Transcranial motor evoked potentials during anesthesia with desflurane versus propofol-A prospective randomized trial. Clin Neurophysiol 126:1825-1832, 2015
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4) Orlicky M, Vachata P, Bartos R et al:A selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy:prospective MR DWI monitoring of embolization in a group of 754 patients. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 76:89-92, 2015
5) Carter R, Richardson A, Santoro J et al:Is dexmedetomidine more effective than remifentanil for neurologic outcomes in patients undergoing CEA surgery using regional anesthesia? J Perianesth Nurs 29:466-474, 2014
6) Illuminati G, Schneider F, Greco C et al:Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial analyzing the role of systematic pre-operative coronary angiography before elective carotid endarterectomy in patients with asymptomatic coronary artery disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 49:366-374, 2015
7) Wang Q, Li YH, Wang TL et al:Protective effect of low-dose sevoflurane inhalation and propofol anesthesia on the myocardium after carotid endarterectomy:A Randomized Controlled Trial. Chin Med J(Engl)128:1862-1866, 2015
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8) Meng L, Berger MS, Gelb AW:The potential benefits of awake craniotomy for brain tumor resection:An Anesthesiologist's Perspective. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 27:310-317, 2015
9) Chaki T, Sugino S, Janicki PK et al:Efficacy and safety of a lidocaine and ropivacaine mixture for scalp nerve block and local infiltration anesthesia in patients undergoing awake craniotomy. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
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33. 移植手術の麻酔

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34. 周術期静脈血栓塞栓症と抗血栓薬

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35. 麻酔関連偶発症

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36. 痛みの生理学

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37. 術後の疼痛管理

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38. ペインクリニック

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39. 緩和ケアとがん疼痛治療

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40. 麻酔科医と救急医療

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8) Fernandaz Castelao E, Boos M, Ringer C et al:Effect of CRM team leader training on team performance and leadership behavior in simulated cardiac arrest scenarios:a prospective, randomized, controlled study. BMC Medical Education 15:116, 2015

41. 心肺蘇生と脳保護 ( 心停止後体温管理を中心に )

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13) Niemann CU, Feiner J, Swain S et al:Therapeutic hypothermia in deceased organ donors and kidney-graft function. N Engl J Med 373:405-414, 2015

42. 全身麻酔患者の術後管理

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2) Stephan F, Barrucand B, Petit P et al:High-flow nasal oxygen vs noninvasive positive airway pressure in hypoxemic patients after cardiothoracic surgery:a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 313:2331-2339, 2015
4) Kaukonen KM, Bailey M, Pilcher D et al:Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria in defining severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 372:1629-1638, 2015
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5) Holst LB, Haase N, Wetterslev J et al;TRISS Trial Group;Scandinavian Critical Care Trials Group:Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in septic shock. N Engl J Med 371:1381-1391, 2014
6) Murphy GJ, Pike K, Rogers CA et al;TITRe2 Investigators:Liberal or restrictive transfusion after cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 372:997-1008, 2015
7) Steiner ME, Ness PM, Assmann SF et al:Effects of red-cell storage duration on patients undergoing cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 372:1419-1429, 2015
8) Bailey M, McGuinness S, Haase M et al:Sodium bicarbonate and renal function after cardiac surgery:a prospectively planned individual patient meta-analysis. Anesthesiology 122:294-306, 2015
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10) Ryden L, Sartipy U, Evans M et al:Acute kidney injury after coronary artery bypass grafting and long-term risk of end-stage renal disease. Circulation 130:2005-2011, 2014
11) Parke RL, McGuinness SP, Gilder E et al:A randomised feasibility study to assess a novel strategy to rationalise fluid in patients after cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 115:45-52, 2015
12) Hole J, Hirsch M, Ball E et al:Music as an aid for postoperative recovery in adults:a systematic review and metaanalysis. Lancet 386:1659-1671, 2015
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13) Seo DJ, Yoo JS, Kim JB et al:Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 48:180-186, 2015
14) Steffen RJ, Sale S, Anandamurthy B et al:Using near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor lower extremities in patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Ann Thorac Surg 98:1853-1854, 2014
15) Klinck J, McNeill L, Di Angelantonio E et al:Predictors and outcome impact of perioperative serum sodium changes in a high-risk population. Br J Anaesth 114:615-622, 2015
16) Visnjevac O, Davari-Farid S, Lee J et al:The effect of adding functional classification to ASA status for predicting 30-day mortality. Anesth Analg 121:110-116, 2015
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17) Rossaint R, Lewandowski K, Zapol WM:Our paper 20 years later:Inhaled nitric oxide for the acute respiratory distress syndrome--discovery, current understanding, and focussed targets of future applications. Intensive Care Med 40:1649-1658, 2014

43. 手術室の効率化と安全

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4) Mismetti P, Laporte S, Pellerin O et al:Effect of a retrievable inferior vena cava filter plus anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone on risk of recurrent pulmonary embolism:A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 313:1627-1635, 2015
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5) Righini M, Kamphuisen PW, Le Gal G:Age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff levels to rule out pulmonary embolism:The ADJUSTPE Study. JAMA 312:557-558, 2014
6) Holst LB, Petersen MW, Haase N et al:Restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategy for red blood cell transfusion:systematic review of randomised trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMJ 350:h1354, 2015
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7) Steiner ME , Steiner ME, Ness PM et al:Effects of red-cell storage duration on patients undergoing cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 372:1419-1429, 2015
8) Lacroix J, Hebert PC, Fergusson DA et al:Age of transfused blood in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 372:1410-1418, 2015
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9) Kachalia A, Berg A, Fagerlin A et al:Overuse of testing in preoperative evaluation and syncope:a survey of hospitalists. Ann Intern Med 162:100-108, 2015
10) Horwitz LI, Lin Z, Herrin J et al:Association of hospital volume with readmission rates:A retrospective cross-sectional study. BMJ 350:h447, 2015
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11) Dharmarajan K, Hsieh AF, Kulkarni VT et al:Trajectories of risk after hospitalization for heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, or pneumonia:retrospective cohort study. BMJ 350:h411, 2015
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13) Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Bruyneel L et al:Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries:A retrospective observational study. Lancet 383:1824, 2014
14) Whaley C, Schneider Chafen J et al:RM Association between availability of health service prices and payments for these services. JAMA 312:1670-1676, 2014
15) Asfar P, Teboul JL, Radermacher P:High versus low blood-pressure target in patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med 371:283-284, 2014
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16) Molyneux AJ, Kerr RS, Yu LM et al:International subarachnoid aneurysm trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms:a randomised comparison of effects on survival, dependency, seizures, rebleeding, subgroups, and aneurysm occlusion. Lancet 366:809-817, 2005
17) Molyneux AJ, Birks J, Clarke A et al:The durability of endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping of ruptured cerebral aneurysms:18 year follow-up of the UK cohort of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT). Lancet 385:691-697, 2015
18) Clarke H, Soneji N, Ko DT et al:Rates and risk factors for prolonged opioid use after major surgery:Population based cohort study. BMJ 348:g1251, 2014
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19) Magill SS, Edwards JR, Beldavs ZG et al:Prevalence of antimicrobial use in US acute care hospitals, May-September 2011. JAMA 312:1438-1446, 2014
20) Sonny A, Gornik HL, Yang D et al Lack of association between carotid artery stenosis and stroke or myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery in high-risk patients. Anesthesiology 121:922, 2014

44. 麻酔科領域の新器材, 新技術, 新知見

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2) Fink T, Wolf A, Kreuer S et al:Volatile organic compounds during inflammation and sepsis in rats:a potential breath test using ion-mobility spectrometry. Anesthesiology 122:117-126, 2015
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3) Boshier PR, Mistry V, Hanna GB et al:Breath metabolite response to major upper gastrointestinal surgery. J Surg Res 193:704-712, 2015
4) Gialdini G, Nearing K, Kamel H et al:Perioperative atrial fibrillation and the long-term risk of ischemic stroke. JAMA 312:616-622, 2014
5) Zakkar M, Ascione R, Suleiman MS et al:Inflammation, oxidative stress and postoperative atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery. Pharmacol Ther 154:13-20, 2015
6) Violi F, Pastori D, Loffredo L et al:Antioxidants for prevention of atrial fibrillation:a potentially useful future therapeutic approach? A review of the literature and meta-analysis. Europace 16:1107-1116, 2014
7) Kim SC, Heinze I, Weber S et al:Ultrasound confirmation of central venous catheter position via a right supraclavicular fossa view using a microconvex probe:an observational pilot study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 32:29-36, 2015
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8) Dulce M, Steffen IG, Elgeti T et al:Topographic analysis and evaluation of anatomical landmarks for placement of central venous catheters based on conventional chest X-ray and computed tomography. Br J Anaesth 112:265-271, 2014
9) Mickiewicz B, Duggan GE, Vogel HJ et al:Metabolic profiling of serum samples by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a potential diagnostic approach for septic shock. Crit Care Med 42:1140-1149, 2014
10) Mickiewicz B, Tam P, Vogel HJ et al:Integration of metabolic and inflammatory mediator profiles as a potential prognostic approach for septic shock in the intensive care unit. Crit Care 19:11, 2015
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12) Kusano T, Chiang KC, Kitano S et al:A novel anti-histone H1 monoclonal antibody, SSV monoclonal antibody, improves lung injury and survival in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis-like syndrome. Biomed Res Int 2015:491649, 2015
13) Zhang Y, Wen Z, Wen T et al:Extracellular histones play an inflammatory role in acid aspiration-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anesthesiology 122:127-139, 2015
14) Daigo K, Nakakido M, Hamakubo T et al:Protective effect of the long pentraxin PTX3 against histone-mediated endothelial cell cytotoxicity in sepsis. Sci Signal 16:ra88, 2014
15) kaney ML, Otto GP, Claus RA et al:Impact of plasma histones in human sepsis and their contribution to cellular injury and inflammation. Crit Care 18:543, 2014
16) Gibbs J, Ince L, Loudon A et al:An epithelial circadian clock controls pulmonary inflammation and glucocorticoid action. Nat Med 20:919-926, 2014
17) Brainard J, Gobel M, Eckle T et al:Circadian rhythms in anesthesia and critical care medicine:potential importance of circadian disruptions. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 19:49-60, 2015
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18) Leblanc D, Bouvet C, Lasocki S et al:Early lung ultrasonography predicts the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome in blunt trauma patients. Intensive Care Med 40:1468-1474, 2014
19) Kivitz AJ, Gimbel JS, Verburg KM et al:Efficacy and safety of tanezumab versus naproxen in the treatment of chronic low back pain. Pain 154:1009-1021, 2013
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20) Gimbel JS, Kivitz AJ, Verburg KM et al:Long-term safety and effectiveness of tanezumab as treatment for chronic low back pain. Pain 155:1793-1801, 2014
21) Sainoh T, Orita S, Ohtori S et al:Single Intradiscal Administration of the Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitor, Etanercept, for Patients with Discogenic Low Back Pain. Pain Med 2015 (Aug 4)[Epub ahead of print]

45. 新しい人工呼吸

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1) Amato MB, Meade MO, Slutsky AS et al:Driving pressure and survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 372:747-755, 2015
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2) Blanch L, Villagra A, Sales B et al:Asynchronies during mechanical ventilation are associated with mortality. Intensive Care Med 41:633-641, 2015
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3) Doorduin J, Sinderby CA, Beck J et al:Assisted ventilation in patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anethesiol 123:180-190, 2015
4) Liu L, Xia F, Yang Y et al:Neural versus pneumatic control of pressure support in patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at different levels of positive end expiratory pressure:a physiological study. Crit Care 19:244, 2015
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5) Ducharma-Crevier L, Beck J, Essouri S et al:Neuro adjusted ventilatory assist(NAVA) allows patient-ventilator synchrony during pediatric noninvasive ventilation:a crossover physiological study. Critical Care 19:44, 2015
6) Lee J, Kim H, Jung YH et al:Non-invasive neurally adjust ventilation assist in preterm infants:a randmised phase II crossover trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 10:1136, 2015
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7) Karsten J, Grusnick C, Paarmann H et al:Positive end-expiratory pressure titration at bedside using electrical impedance tomography in post-cardiac surgery patients. Acta Anaesttesiol Scandi 59:723-732, 2015

46. 集中治療(1) 呼吸・循環管理

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3) Tonelli AR, Zein J, Adams J et al:Effects of interventions on survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome:an umbrella review of 159 published randomized trials and 29 meta-analyses. Intensive Care Med 40:769-787, 2014
4) Sud S, Friedrich JO, Adhikari NK et al:Effect of prone positioning during mechanical ventilation on mortality among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome:a systematic review and metaanalysis. CMAJ 186:E381-E390, 2014
5) Hu SL, He HL, Pan C et al:The effect of prone positioning on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care 18:R109, 2014
6) Lee JM, Bae W, Lee YJ et al:The efficacy and safety of prone positional ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome:updated study-level meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials. Crit Care Med 42:1252-1262, 2014
7) Siempos II, Ntaidou TK, Filippidis FT et al;Effect of early versus late or no tracheostomy on mortality and pneumonia of critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med 3:150-158, 2015
8) Sekiguchi H, Schenck LA, Horie R et al:Critical Care Ultrasonography Differentiates ARDS, Pulmonary Edema, and Other Causes in the Early Course of Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure. Chest 148:912-918, 2015
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9) Gu WJ, Wang F, Liu JC:Effect of lung-protective ventilation with lower tidal volumes on clinical outcomes among patients undergoing surgery:a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ 187:E101-E109, 2015
10) PROVE Network Investigators for the Clinical Trial Network of the European Society of Anaesthesiology, Hemmes SN, Gama de Abreu M et al:High versus low positive end-expiratory pressure during general anaesthesia for open abdominal surgery (PROVHILO trial):a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 384:495-503, 2014
11) Frat JP, Thille AW, Mercat A et al:Highflow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 372:2185-2196, 2015
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12) Frat JP, Brugiere B, Ragot S et al:Sequential application of oxygen therapy via high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure:an observational pilot study. Respir Care 60:170-178, 2015
13) Maggiore SM, Idone FA, Vaschetto R et al:Nasal high-flow versus Venturi mask oxygen therapy after extubation. Effects on oxygenation, comfort, and clinical outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 190:282-288, 2014
14) Stephan F, Barrucand B, Petit P et al:High-Flow Nasal Oxygen vs Noninvasive Positive Airway Pressure in Hypoxemic Patients After Cardiothoracic Surgery:A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 313:2331-2339, 2015
15) Fealy N, Osborne C, Eastwood GM:Nasal high-flow oxygen therapy in ICU:A before-and-after study. Aust Crit Care pii:S1036-7314(15)00069-7, 2015
16) Liao MM, Lezotte D, Lowenstein SR et al:Sensitivity of systemic inflammatory response syndrome for critical illness among ED patients. Am J Emerg Med 32:1319-1325, 2014
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17) Kaukonen KM, Bailey M, Pilcher D et al:Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria in defining severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 372:1629-1638, 2015
18) Caironi P, Tognoni G, Masson S et al:Albumin replacement in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. N Engl J Med 370:1412-1421, 2014
19) Xu JY, Chen QH, Xie JF et al:Comparison of the effects of albumin and crystalloid on mortality in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock:a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Crit Care 18:702, 2014
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20) Kelm DJ, Perrin JT, Cartin-Ceba R et al:Fluid overload in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock treated with early goal-directed therapy is associated with increased acute need for fluid-related medical interventions and hospital death. Shock 43:68-73, 2015
21) Zhang L, Chen Z, Diao Y et al:Associations of fluid overload with mortality and kidney recovery in patients with acute kidney injury:A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crit Care 30:860. e7-e13, 2015
22) Asfar P, Meziani F, Hamel JF et al:High versus low blood-pressure target in patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med 370:1583-1593, 2014
23) Waechter J, Kumar A, Lapinsky SE et al:Interaction between fluids and vasoactive agents on mortality in septic shock:a multicenter, observational study. Crit Care Med 42:2158-2168, 2014
24) Gu WJ, Wang F, Bakker J et al:The effect of goal-directed therapy on mortality in patients with sepsis-earlier is better:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care 18:570, 2014
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25) ProCESS Investigators, Yealy DM, Kellum JA et al:A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock. N Engl J Med 370:1683-1693, 2014
26) ARISE Investigators;ANZICS Clinical Trials Group, Peake SL, Delaney A et al:Goal-directed resuscitation for patients with early septic shock. N Engl J Med 371:1496-1506, 2014
27) Mouncey PR, Osborn TM, Power GS et al:Trial of early, goal-directed resuscitation for septic shock. N Engl J Med 372:1301-1311, 2015
28) Angus DC, Barnato AE, Bell D et al:A systematic review and meta-analysis of early goal-directed therapy for septic shock:the ARISE, ProCESS and ProMISe Investigators. Intensive Care Med 41:1549-1560, 2015
29) Rusconi AM, Bossi I, Lampard JG et al:Early goal-directed therapy vs usual care in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intern Emerg Med 10:731-743, 2015
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30) Chelkeba L, Ahmadi A, Abdollahi M et al:Early goal-directed therapy reduces mortality in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock:Systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Crit Care Med 19:401-411, 2015

47. 集中治療(2) 体液, 栄養, 感染の管理

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2) Shaw AD, Raghunathan K, Peyerl FW et al:Association between intravenous chloride load during resuscitation and inhospital mortality among patients with SIRS. Intensive Care Med 40:1897-1905, 2014
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3) Holst LB, Haase N, Wetterslev J et al:Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in septic shock. N Engl J Med 371:1381-1391, 2014
4) Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S et al:Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma:The PROPPR randomized clinical trial. JAMA 313:471-482, 2015
5) Harvey SE, Parrott F, Harrison DA et al:for the CALORIES Trial Investigators. Trial of the route of early nutritional support in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 371:1673-1684, 2014
6) Arabi YM, Aldawood AS, Haddad SH et al:Permissive underfeeding or standard enteral feeding in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 372:2398-2408, 2015
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7) Wei X, Day AG, Ouellette-Kuntz H et al:The association between nutritional adequacy and long-term outcomes in critically ill patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation:a multicenter cohort study. Crit Care Med 43:1569-1579, 2015
8) Robinson MK, Mogensen KM, Casey JD et al:The relationship among obesity, nutritional status, and mortality in the critically ill. Crit Care Med 43:87-100, 2015
9) Doig GS, Simpson F, Bellomo R et al:Intravenous amino acid therapy for kidney function in critically ill patients:a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 41:1197-1208, 2015
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10) Grau-Carmona T, Bonet-Saris A, Garciade-Lorenzo A et al:Influence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids enriched lipid emulsions on nosocomial infections and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients:ICU lipids study. Crit Care Med 43:31-39, 2015
11) Amrein K, Schnedl C, Holl A et al:Effect of high-dose Vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in critically ill patients with vitamin D3 deficiency. The VITdAL-ICU randomized clinical trial. JAMA 312:1520-1530, 2014
12) The ARISE investigators and the ANZICS clinical trials group:Goal-directed resuscitation for patients with early septic shock. N Engl J Med 371:1496-1506, 2014
13) Mouncey PR, Osborn TM, Power GS et al:ProMISe Trial Investigators, Trial of early, goal-directed resuscitation for septic shock. N Engl J Med 372:1301-1311, 2015
14) Angus DC, Marnato AE, Bell D et al:A systematic review and meta-analysis of early goal-directed therapy for septic shock:the ARISE, ProCESS and ProMISe investigators. Intensive Care Med 41:1549-1560, 2015
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16) Holland TL, Arnold C, Fowler Jr VG et al:Clinical management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. JAMA 312:1330-1341, 2014
17) Dulhunty JM, Roberts JA, Davis JS et al:A Multicenter Randomized Trial of Continuous versus Intermittent β-Lactam Infusion in Severe Sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 192:1298-1305, 2015
18) Pascale GD, Fortuna S, Tumbarello M et al:Linezolid plasma and intrapulmonary concentrations in critically ill obese patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia intermittent vs continuous administration. Intensive Care Med 41:103-110, 2015
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48. 集中治療(3) ICUにおける鎮痛と鎮静

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49. 集中治療(4) ICUにおけるモニター

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50. 集中治療(5) 小児集中治療

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